CN114859588A

CN114859588A - Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, display device and manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN114859588A
Application number: CN202210603537.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟德镇; 沈家军; 姜丽梅
Original assignee: InfoVision Optoelectronics Kunshan Co Ltd
Current assignee: InfoVision Optoelectronics Kunshan Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-30
Filing date: 2022-05-30
Publication date: 2022-08-05
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-30
Also published as: CN114859588B

Abstract

A display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a display device and a manufacturing method are provided, wherein the display panel is provided with a mark pattern area and comprises a dimming box and a display box; the light modulation box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the upper substrate is provided with a first visual angle control electrode, the lower substrate is provided with a graphical wire grid polarizer and a second visual angle control electrode matched with the first visual angle control electrode, and the wire grid polarizer corresponds to the mark pattern area; the upside of the light modulation box is provided with a first polaroid, the downside of the light modulation box is provided with a second polaroid, the transmission shaft of the first polaroid, the transmission shaft of the second polaroid and the transmission shaft of the wire grid polaroid are parallel to each other, and the transmission shaft of the second polaroid is mutually vertical to the reflection shaft of the wire grid polaroid. When the pattern is in a narrow viewing angle mode, ambient light reflected by the wire grid polarizer will emerge from the marker pattern region, and when viewed from a large viewing angle, will be differentiated from other regions to reveal a marker pattern corresponding to the wire grid polarizer pattern.

Description

Display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, display device and manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of displays, in particular to a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a display device and a manufacturing method.

Background

With the continuous progress of the liquid crystal display technology, the viewing angle of the display has been widened from about 112 ° to over 160 °, and people want to effectively protect business confidentiality and personal privacy while enjoying visual experience brought by a large viewing angle, so as to avoid business loss or embarrassment caused by the leakage of screen information. Therefore, in addition to the requirement of wide viewing angle, in many cases, the display device is required to have the function of switching between wide and narrow viewing angles.

At present mainly take attached tripe barrier film on the display screen to realize the switching of wide narrow visual angle, when needs peep-proof, utilize the tripe barrier film to cover the screen and can reduce the visual angle, but this kind of mode needs additionally to prepare the tripe barrier film, can cause very big inconvenience for the user, and a tripe barrier film can only realize a visual angle, in case after the attached tripe barrier film, the visual angle is just fixed in narrow visual angle mode, lead to can't freely switch between wide visual angle mode and narrow visual angle mode, and the peep-proof piece can cause the luminance to reduce and influence the display effect.

In the prior art, a dimming box and a display panel are used for switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, the display panel is used for displaying normal pictures, the dimming box is used for controlling the switching of the viewing angles, the dimming box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a liquid crystal layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and viewing angle control electrodes on the upper substrate and the lower substrate apply a vertical electric field to liquid crystal molecules to deflect liquid crystals in a vertical direction, so that a narrow viewing angle mode is realized. By controlling the voltage on the viewing angle control electrode, switching between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle can be achieved.

The display panel in the prior art is only used for displaying pictures at a wide viewing angle or a narrow viewing angle, and cannot display pictures at a front viewing angle or highlight a LOGO (LOGO) of a product at a side viewing angle.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, a display device and a manufacturing method, so as to solve the problem that the display panel in the prior art cannot see a display picture at a front viewing angle and can also see a display LOGO at a side viewing angle in a narrow viewing angle mode.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, which is provided with a graphical marker pattern area and comprises a dimming box and a display box which are mutually stacked;

the light modulation box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the lower substrate is arranged opposite to the upper substrate, the first liquid crystal layer is arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, a first visual angle control electrode is arranged on one side of the upper substrate, which faces the first liquid crystal layer, a graphical wire grid polarizing sheet and a second visual angle control electrode matched with the first visual angle control electrode are arranged on one side of the lower substrate, which faces the first liquid crystal layer, and the wire grid polarizing sheet corresponds to the mark pattern area;

the upside of the light modulation box is provided with a first polaroid, the downside of the light modulation box is provided with a second polaroid, the transmission shaft of the first polaroid, the transmission shaft of the second polaroid and the transmission shaft of the wire grid polaroid are parallel to each other, and the transmission shaft of the second polaroid is perpendicular to the reflection shaft of the wire grid polaroid.

Further, the first liquid crystal layer is parallel to the upper substrate and the lower substrate for alignment, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer is parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Further, the second viewing angle control electrode is a planar electrode.

Further, the wire grid polarizer covers the upper surface of the second viewing angle control electrode.

The invention also provides a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, which is provided with a graphical marker pattern area and comprises a dimming box and a display box which are mutually stacked;

the light modulation box comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a first liquid crystal layer, wherein the lower substrate is arranged opposite to the upper substrate, the first liquid crystal layer is arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, a first visual angle control electrode is arranged on one side of the upper substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer, a graphical wire grid polaroid and a second visual angle control electrode matched with the first visual angle control electrode are arranged on one side of the lower substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer, the wire grid polaroid corresponds to the mark pattern area, the second visual angle control electrode comprises a first electrode strip and a second electrode strip which are mutually insulated, and the first electrode strip and the second electrode strip are mutually parallel and are alternately arranged;

the upside of light modulation box is equipped with first polaroid, the downside of light modulation box is equipped with the second polaroid, the printing opacity axle of first polaroid with the printing opacity axle mutually perpendicular of second polaroid, the printing opacity axle of second polaroid with the printing opacity axle of grating polaroid is parallel to each other, the printing opacity axle of second polaroid with the reflection of light axle mutually perpendicular of grating polaroid.

Further, the first liquid crystal layer is parallel to the upper substrate and the lower substrate for alignment, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer is 45 degrees with the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

Further, the first electrode stripes and the second electrode stripes are located at different layers.

Further, the logo region is located at the center of the display panel.

Further, the display box comprises a color film substrate, an array substrate arranged opposite to the color film substrate, and a second liquid crystal layer arranged between the color film substrate and the array substrate; and a third polaroid is arranged on one side of the display box, which is far away from the dimming box, and the light transmission axis of the third polaroid is vertical to the light transmission axis of the polaroid between the display box and the dimming box.

The invention also provides a display device which comprises the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles.

The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the display panel, which is used for manufacturing the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

providing a substrate, and sequentially covering a first metal layer and a second metal layer on the substrate;

carrying out oxidation treatment on the second metal layer;

covering a photoresist on the second metal layer;

providing a mould, wherein the mould is provided with a pattern corresponding to the wire grid polarizer, imprinting the photoresist through the mould, and carrying out exposure curing treatment on the photoresist;

stripping the mold from the photoresist and exposing the second metal layer;

and etching the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and stripping the photoresist from the second metal layer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: through setting up the graphic wire grid polaroid at the infrabasal plate of box of adjusting luminance, when the box of adjusting luminance switches to narrow visual angle mode, because the effect of first liquid crystal layer, the wire grid polaroid can reflect ambient light and follow mark pattern district according to the gesture of liquid crystal layer and jet out, and the ambient light of reflection can twice pass first liquid crystal layer in addition, has twice optical path difference, can not receive the light by the influence of narrow visual angle. When the narrow visual angle is used, the brightness of the large visual angle is relatively low, and the reflected ambient light cannot be affected by the narrow visual angle to collect light, so that when the wide visual angle is used for watching, the reflected ambient light can be seen in the mark pattern area, and a difference is formed between the reflected ambient light and the light in the non-mark pattern area, so that the mark pattern corresponding to the wire grid polarizer pattern, namely the LOGO pattern, is shown.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a simulation diagram of viewing angle and backlight transmittance under different driving voltages of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second simulation diagram of the viewing angle and the transmittance of the backlight of the display panel under different driving voltages according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 3 in the marker pattern region;

FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 5 in the marker pattern region;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display panel with a narrow viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 7 in the marker pattern region;

FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view illustrating a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a lower substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of FIG. 3 at a wide viewing angle;

FIG. 12 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of FIG. 5 at a wide viewing angle;

fig. 13 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 7 at a narrow viewing angle;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a wire grid polarizer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in an initial state according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 15 in the marker pattern region;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 17 in the marker pattern region;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is an optical path analysis of the display panel of FIG. 19 in the marker pattern region;

fig. 21 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 17 at a wide viewing angle;

fig. 22 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 19 at a narrow viewing angle;

FIGS. 23a-23g are schematic structural diagrams illustrating a process for manufacturing a lower substrate according to the present invention;

FIGS. 24a-24h are second schematic structural views illustrating a manufacturing process of a lower substrate according to the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a second schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be given of specific embodiments, structures, features and effects of the display panel and the display device with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments:

[ example one ]

FIG. 1 is a simulation diagram of viewing angle and backlight transmittance under different driving voltages of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a second simulation diagram of the viewing angle and the transmittance of the backlight of the display panel according to the embodiment of the invention under different driving voltages. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel with a wide viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an optical path analysis of the display panel of fig. 3 in the marker pattern region.

Fig. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of the display panel in the first embodiment of the invention when viewed from a wide viewing angle. Fig. 6 is an optical path analysis diagram of the display panel in fig. 5 at the marker pattern region. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel at a narrow viewing angle according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 8 is an optical path analysis diagram of the display panel in fig. 7 at the marker pattern region. Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view illustrating a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 10 is a schematic plan view of a lower substrate according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 11 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 3 at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 12 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 5 at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 13 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 7 at a narrow viewing angle. Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire grid polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 14, a display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a display area and a routing area, the display area has a patterned LOGO pattern area 110 and a non-LOGO pattern area 120 (fig. 9) located at the periphery of the LOGO pattern area 110, and a graphic of the LOGO pattern area 110 can be set according to a LOGO pattern (LOGO pattern) to be actually displayed (in this embodiment, a letter "IVO" is used as the LOGO pattern to be displayed by the LOGO pattern area 110). The display panel comprises a dimming box 10 and a display box 20 which are stacked mutually, in this embodiment, the dimming box 10 is arranged above the display box 20, that is, the dimming box 10 is located on the light emitting side of the display box 20, the dimming box 10 is used for controlling the viewing angle of the display panel, and the display box 20 is used for controlling the display panel to display normal pictures. Of course, the light modulation box 10 can also be disposed below the display box 20, i.e. the light modulation box 10 is located at the light incident side of the display box 20.

The light modulation box 10 includes an upper substrate 11, a lower substrate 12 disposed opposite to the upper substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12. The upper substrate 11 is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode 111 at a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the lower substrate 12 is provided with a patterned wire grid polarizer 121 and a second viewing angle control electrode 122 cooperating with the first viewing angle control electrode 111 at a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the wire grid polarizer 121 corresponds to the marker pattern region 110, that is, the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121 is the same as the pattern of the marker pattern region 110, and the projections on the lower substrate 12 coincide with each other (fig. 9 and 10). The deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, thereby realizing the control of the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles.

The upper side of the light adjusting box 10 is provided with a first polarizer 31, the lower side of the light adjusting box 10 is provided with a second polarizer 32, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31, the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 and the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 are parallel to each other, and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 and the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 are perpendicular to each other. The side facing the backlight module 40 is the lower side, and the side near the external environment is the upper side, for example, the lower substrate 12 is located on the side of the light modulation box 10 near the backlight module 40, and the upper substrate 11 is located on the side of the light modulation box 10 near the external environment.

In the present embodiment, positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules whose dielectric anisotropy is positive are used for the first liquid crystal layer 13. The phase retardation of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is preferably 700nm, with an alternative range 500nm < phase retardation < 1000 nm. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the upper substrate 11 is parallel or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the lower substrate 12, so that the light modulation cell 10 exhibits a wide viewing angle display in the initial state, as shown in fig. 3. Preferably, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 have a pretilt angle of 0 to 7 °, for example, 4.5 °, in an initial state, thereby reducing a response time of wide and narrow viewing angle switching. When narrow viewing angle display is required, viewing angle control voltages are applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, so that a larger voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122 and a stronger vertical electric field is formed, so as to drive positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in the vertical direction, and thus the light modulation cell 10 presents narrow viewing angle display, as shown in fig. 7.

Further, the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. For example, as shown in fig. 4, 6, and 8, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are both 0 °, the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is also 0 °, the counter-optical axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is 90 °, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 may be either 0 ° or 90 °.

Preferably, the wire grid polarizer 121 is made of a metal or metal oxide, i.e., the wire grid polarizer 121 is a metal wire grid polarizer, thereby enhancing the ability of the wire grid polarizer 121 to reflect light rays parallel to the axis of retroreflection. As shown in fig. 14, the metal wire grid polarizer is composed of a plurality of metal wire grids parallel to each other, and the pitch of the metal wire grids is required to be much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, preferably smaller than 100 nm. The metal wire grid polarizer has a special polarization characteristic of transmitting polarized light perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid and reflecting polarized light parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid. In the incident light ray a, the polarization direction of the light ray has a first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid and a second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid, while the first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid can form a transmission light ray C through the metal wire grid polarizer, and the second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid can be reflected to form a reflection light ray B, i.e. the anti-optical axis of the metal wire grid polarizer is parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid, and the transmission axis of the metal wire grid polarizer is perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid. The metal wire grid polarizer is described in more detail with reference to the prior art and will not be described herein.

In this embodiment, the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122 are both planar electrodes, so that more vertical electric fields can be formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122 to drive the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in the vertical direction, and the manufacturing process is simpler.

Preferably, the wire grid polarizer 121 covers the upper surface of the second viewing angle control electrode 122, so that the wire grid polarizer 121 is closer to the external environment side to enhance the reflected light, and an additional film layer is not required between the wire grid polarizer 121 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, thereby further reducing the thickness of the lower substrate 12.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the logo pattern area 110 is located at the center of the display area of the display panel, and the other areas of the display area of the display panel except the logo pattern area 110 are non-logo pattern areas 120. Of course, the position of the LOGO region 110 can also be set according to the position of the LOGO to be displayed.

In this embodiment, display cell 20 is preferably a liquid crystal cell. Of course, in other embodiments, the display box 20 can also be a self-luminous display (e.g., OLED display, Micro LED display), but the light modulation box 10 is disposed above the display box 20.

The display box 20 includes a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 disposed between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. The second liquid crystal layer 23 may employ positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules whose dielectric anisotropy is positive. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment directions of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the color filter substrate 21 and the positive liquid crystal molecules near the array substrate 22 are parallel or antiparallel. Of course, in other embodiments, the second liquid crystal layer 23 may also adopt negative liquid crystal molecules, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 may be aligned perpendicular to the color film substrate 21 and the array substrate 22.

Further, a third polarizer 33 is disposed on a side of the display box 20 away from the light modulation box 10, and a transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the polarizer between the display box 20 and the light modulation box 10. In this embodiment, the second polarizer 32 is disposed between the light modulation box 10 and the display box 20, and the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. For example, as shown in fig. 4, 6, and 8, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are both 0 °, and the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is 90 °.

The color filter substrate 21 is provided with color resist layers 212 arranged in an array and a black matrix 211 separating the color resist layers 212, and the color resist layers 212 include color resist materials of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and correspondingly form sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

The array substrate 22 is defined by a plurality of scan lines (not shown) and a plurality of data lines (not shown) insulated from and crossing each other on a side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23 to form a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit is provided with a pixel electrode 222 and a thin film transistor (not shown), and the pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected to the data lines of the adjacent thin film transistors through the thin film transistors. The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode, and a source electrode, the gate electrode and the scan line are located in the same layer and electrically connected, the gate electrode and the active layer are isolated by an insulating layer, the source electrode and the data line are electrically connected, and the drain electrode and the pixel electrode 222 are electrically connected through a contact hole.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located at different layers and isolated by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222 (the common electrode 221 is located below the pixel electrode 222 in fig. 3). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed in one block in each pixel unit or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode. Of course, In other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may be located on the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include a plurality of electrode strips, and the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode; alternatively, in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 is provided with the pixel electrode 222 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 is provided with the common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, so as to form a TN mode or a VA mode.

The upper substrate 11, the lower substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or other materials. The material of the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111, the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.

The invention further provides a display device, which comprises the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles and the backlight module 40, wherein the backlight module 40 is located below the display panel and is used for providing backlight for the display panel. Of course, if the display box 20 employs a self-luminous display, the display device does not need to be additionally provided with a backlight.

The backlight module 40 includes a backlight 41 and a privacy layer 43, and the privacy layer 43 is used to reduce the range of the light exit angle. A brightness enhancement film 42 is further arranged between the backlight 41 and the peep-proof layer 43, and the brightness enhancement film 42 increases the brightness of the backlight module 40. The peep-proof layer 43 is a micro louver structure, and can block light rays with a large incident angle, so that light rays with a small incident angle can pass through the peep-proof layer 43, and the angle range of the light rays passing through the peep-proof layer 43 is reduced. The peep-proof layer 43 includes a plurality of parallel arranged light resistance walls and a light hole between two adjacent light resistance walls, and light absorption materials are arranged on two sides of the light resistance walls. Of course, the backlight 41 may be a light collecting type backlight, so that the privacy protecting layer 43 is not required, but the light collecting type backlight is more expensive than the conventional backlight.

The backlight module 40 may be a side-type backlight module or a direct-type backlight module. Preferably, the backlight module 40 adopts a Collimated Backlight (CBL) mode, which can receive light from the light source and ensure the display effect.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein fig. 1 is a graph of simulation data of light transmittance when the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is perpendicular to the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 (the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 are both 0 °); fig. 2 is a graph of simulation data of light transmittance when the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is parallel to the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 (the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 are both 90 °). As can be seen from the figure, when the driving voltage applied to the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 is 0V, 1.2V or 5V, the transmittance of the backlight is large at different viewing angles (-70 ° to 70 °), and this time, the mode is a wide viewing angle mode; when the driving voltages applied to the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 are 1.6V, 1.8V, 2.0V, 2.2V and 2.4V, the transmittance of the backlight is small and dark at large viewing angles (-70 ° -40 ° and 40 ° -70 °), and the transmittance of the backlight is large at an elevation viewing angle (-40 °), which is a narrow viewing angle mode.

As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 11, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V11 is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, and a second electrical signal V21 is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 122, wherein the first electrical signal V11 is a dc common voltage signal, and a voltage difference between the second electrical signal V2 and the first electrical signal V1 is smaller than a first preset value (e.g., smaller than 0.5V). Preferably, as shown in fig. 11, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111 and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 each apply a dc voltage of 0V. A vertical electric field is not substantially formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are not substantially deflected, and the initial lying state (fig. 3) is maintained, and at this time, the light modulation cell 10 displays a wide viewing angle display.

As shown in fig. 4, since the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is parallel or perpendicular to the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32, the first liquid crystal layer 13 does not change the polarization direction of light at this time. After the ambient light I passes through the

first polarizer

31, 0 degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, and then the ambient light I sequentially passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the wire grid polarizer 121, and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 0 degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and finally 90 degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 may pass through the third polarizer 33. After the backlight BL passes through the third polarizer 33, 90 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is formed, and when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 90 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, then 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 may pass through the second polarizer 32, and finally 0 ° linearly polarized light sequentially passes through the wire grid polarizer 121, the first liquid crystal layer 13, and the first polarizer 31. In the wide viewing angle mode, the wire grid polarizer 121 does not reflect the ambient light I.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 12, in another wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V11 is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, and a third electrical signal V22 is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 122, wherein the first electrical signal V11 is a dc common voltage signal, and a voltage difference between the third electrical signal V22 and the first electrical signal V1 is greater than a second preset value (e.g., greater than 5.0V). For example, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a dc voltage of 0V, and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 applies an ac voltage of 5.0V. The second preset value is much larger than the first preset value, a strong vertical electric field (E2 in fig. 5) is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are greatly deflected and are perpendicular to the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, and at this time, the light modulation cell 10 also displays a wide viewing angle display.

As shown in fig. 6, since the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are perpendicular to the upper and

lower substrates

11 and 12, the first liquid crystal layer 13 does not change the polarization direction of light at this time. After the ambient light I passes through the

first polarizer

31, 0 degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, and then the ambient light I sequentially passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the wire grid polarizer 121, and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 0 degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and finally 90 degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 may pass through the third polarizer 33. After the backlight BL passes through the third polarizer 33, 90 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is formed, and when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 90 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, then 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 may pass through the second polarizer 32, and finally 0 ° linearly polarized light sequentially passes through the wire grid polarizer 121, the first liquid crystal layer 13, and the first polarizer 31. The wire grid polarizer 121 does not reflect ambient light I in the wide view mode.

As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 13, in the narrow viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V11 is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, and a fourth electrical signal V23 is applied to the second viewing angle control electrode 122, wherein the first electrical signal V11 is a dc common voltage signal, and a voltage difference between the fourth electrical signal V23 and the first electrical signal V1 is greater than a third preset value (e.g., greater than 1.0V) and less than a fourth preset value (e.g., less than 4.0V). For example, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a dc voltage of 0V, and the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 applies an ac voltage of 2.0V. At this time, a stronger vertical electric field (E3 in fig. 7) is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are greatly deflected in the vertical direction and are in an inclined state, the brightness becomes dark at a large viewing angle, and at this time, the light modulation box 10 displays a narrow viewing angle display. Since the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 are parallel to each other, and the initial alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, the display device in this embodiment can only achieve the two-way peep-proof effect, such as left-right peep-proof or up-down peep-proof.

As shown in fig. 8, since the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in an inclined state, the first liquid crystal layer 13 changes the polarization direction of light at this time. After the ambient light I passes through the first polarizer 31, 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 0-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, light (i.e., 0-degree linearly polarized light) parallel to the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 in the elliptically polarized light can pass through the wire grid polarizer 121 and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 0-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and finally 90-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 can pass through the third polarizer 33; and the light (i.e., 90 ° linearly polarized light) parallel to the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is reflected by the wire grid polarizer 121, passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 again, and then the 90 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and then passes through the first polarizer 31, forming 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31. After the backlight BL passes through the third polarizer 33, 90 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is formed, and when the backlight BL passes through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 90 ° linearly polarized light becomes elliptically polarized light, then 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 may pass through the

second polarizer

32, 0 ° linearly polarized light passes through the wire grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first

liquid crystal layer

13, 0 ° linearly polarized light becomes elliptically polarized light, and 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 may pass through the first polarizer 31.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, since the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in an inclined state, the polarization direction of the light is changed, so that the wire grid polarizer 121 can reflect a portion of the ambient light I, and the reflected ambient light passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 twice, having twice optical path difference, and is not affected by the narrow viewing angle to receive light. When the liquid crystal display panel is viewed at a large visual angle (the included angle between the liquid crystal display panel and the vertical line of the display panel is greater than 40 degrees, namely-70 degrees to-40 degrees and 40 degrees to 70 degrees), the transmittance of the backlight BL is small and is in a dark state, the backlight BL cannot be seen in the identification pattern area 110, but reflected ambient light can be seen, so that the light of the identification pattern area 110 and the light of the non-identification pattern area 120 are differentiated to show an identification pattern, namely a LOGO pattern, corresponding to the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121, and the higher the ambient light is, the higher the brightness of the LOGO pattern is. Of course, at a front viewing angle (an angle of 0 to 40 ° from a perpendicular line of the display panel, i.e., -40 ° to 40 °), a part of the reflected ambient light I can be seen, so that the front viewing contrast in the narrow viewing angle mode can be increased. Since the reflected part of the ambient light I passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 twice and the transmittance of the light with different wavelengths is different, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift, for example, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift of golden yellow. Because the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle or the wide-viewing-angle mode is mainly based on the transmission backlight BL for displaying, the backlight BL can cover part of the reflected ambient light I, and the reflected part of the ambient light I basically has no influence on the color shift of the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle and only shows that the LOGO pattern seen from the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle is golden yellow.

[ example two ]

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in an initial state according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is an optical path analysis diagram of the display panel in fig. 15 at the marker pattern region. Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a second embodiment of the invention at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 18 is an optical path analysis diagram of the display panel in fig. 17 at the marker pattern region. Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel in a narrow viewing angle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 20 is an optical path analysis diagram of the display panel in fig. 19 at the marker pattern region. Fig. 21 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 17 at a wide viewing angle. Fig. 22 is a signal waveform diagram of the display panel of fig. 19 at a narrow viewing angle.

As shown in fig. 15 to fig. 22, in the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the display panel has a patterned LOGO pattern region 110 and a non-LOGO pattern region 120 (fig. 9) located at the periphery of the LOGO pattern region 110, and the pattern of the LOGO pattern region 110 can be set according to a LOGO pattern that needs to be displayed actually (in this embodiment, a letter "IVO" is used as the LOGO pattern that needs to be displayed in the LOGO pattern region 110). The display panel comprises a dimming box 10 and a display box 20 which are stacked mutually, in this embodiment, the dimming box 10 is arranged above the display box 20, that is, the dimming box 10 is located on the light emitting side of the display box 20, the dimming box 10 is used for controlling the viewing angle of the display panel, and the display box 20 is used for controlling the display panel to display normal pictures. Of course, the light modulation box 10 can also be disposed below the display box 20, i.e. the light modulation box 10 is located at the light incident side of the display box 20.

The light modulation box 10 includes an upper substrate 11, a lower substrate 12 disposed opposite to the upper substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, wherein the upper substrate 11 is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode 111 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the lower substrate 12 is provided with a patterned wire grid polarizer 121 and a second viewing angle control electrode 122 matching with the first viewing angle control electrode 111 on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13, the wire grid polarizer 121 corresponds to the marker pattern region 110, that is, the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121 is the same as the pattern of the marker pattern region 110, and projections on the lower substrate 12 are overlapped with each other (fig. 9 and 10). The deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is controlled by controlling the voltage difference between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, thereby realizing the control of the switching of the wide and narrow viewing angles.

The second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 includes first and second electrode stripes 122a and 122b insulated from each other, and the first and second electrode stripes 122a and 122b are parallel to each other and alternately arranged. Thereby controlling the voltage difference between the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b to control the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to be deflected in the horizontal direction, so as to realize a wide viewing angle mode.

The upper side of the light adjusting box 10 is provided with a first polarizer 31, the lower side of the light adjusting box 10 is provided with a second polarizer 32, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is parallel to the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121, and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is perpendicular to the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121. The side facing the backlight module 40 is the lower side, and the side near the external environment is the upper side, for example, the lower substrate 12 is located on the side of the light modulation box 10 near the backlight module 40, and the upper substrate 11 is located on the side of the light modulation box 10 near the external environment.

The first liquid crystal layer 13 preferably uses positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy. The phase retardation of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is preferably 700nm, with an alternative range 500nm < phase retardation < 1000 nm. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the side close to the upper substrate 11 is parallel or antiparallel to the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules on the side close to the lower substrate 12. Preferably, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 have a pretilt angle of 0 to 7 °, for example, 4.5 °, in an initial state, thereby reducing a response time of wide and narrow viewing angle switching. When it is required to realize a wide viewing angle display, the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b apply voltages with opposite polarities, so that a larger voltage difference is formed between the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b and a stronger horizontal electric field is formed, so as to drive the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in the horizontal direction, and thus the light modulation cell 10 presents a wide viewing angle display, as shown in fig. 17. When narrow viewing angle display is required, viewing angle control voltages are applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, and the same voltages are applied to the first electrode strips 122a and the second electrode strips 122b, so that a larger voltage difference is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122 and a stronger vertical electric field is formed, so as to drive positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 to deflect in the vertical direction, and thus the light modulation box 10 presents narrow viewing angle display, as shown in fig. 19.

In this embodiment, the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is 45 ° to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 and the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. For example, as shown in fig. 16, 18, and 20, the transmission axis of the first polarizing plate 31 is 0 °, the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate 32 is 90 °, the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is also 90 °, the counter-optic axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is 0 °, and the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is 45 °.

Preferably, the wire grid polarizer 121 is made of a metal or metal oxide, i.e., the wire grid polarizer 121 is a metal wire grid polarizer, thereby enhancing the ability of the wire grid polarizer 121 to reflect light rays parallel to the axis of retroreflection. As shown in fig. 15, the metal wire grid polarizer is composed of a plurality of metal wire grids parallel to each other, and the pitch of the metal wire grids is required to be much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, preferably smaller than 100 nm. The metal wire grid polarizer has a special polarization characteristic of transmitting polarized light perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid and reflecting polarized light parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid. In the incident light ray a, the polarization direction of the light ray has a first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid and a second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid, while the first polarization a1 perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid can form a transmission light ray C through the metal wire grid polarizer, and the second polarization a2 parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid can be reflected to form a reflection light ray B, i.e. the anti-optical axis of the metal wire grid polarizer is parallel to the extending direction of the metal wire grid, and the transmission axis of the metal wire grid polarizer is perpendicular to the extending direction of the metal wire grid. The metal wire grid polarizer is described in more detail with reference to the prior art and will not be described herein.

In this embodiment, the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b are located at different layers and are spaced apart from each other by an insulating layer. Further, the wire grid polarizer 121 may be positioned below the second viewing angle control electrode 122, or may be positioned above the second viewing angle control electrode 122.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the logo pattern area 110 is located at the center of the display panel, and the other areas of the display panel except the logo pattern area 110 are non-logo pattern areas 120. Of course, the position of the LOGO region 110 can also be set according to the position of the LOGO to be displayed.

The display box 20 includes a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 disposed between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. The second liquid crystal layer 23 preferably uses positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules whose dielectric anisotropy is positive. In the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment directions of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the color filter substrate 21 and the positive liquid crystal molecules near the array substrate 22 are parallel or antiparallel. Of course, in other embodiments, the second liquid crystal layer 23 may also adopt negative liquid crystal molecules, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 may be aligned perpendicular to the color film substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, that is, in an alignment manner similar to the VA display mode.

Further, a third polarizer 33 is disposed on a side of the display box 20 away from the light modulation box 10, and a transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to a transmission axis of the polarizer between the display box 20 and the light modulation box 10. In this embodiment, the second polarizer 32 is disposed between the light modulation box 10 and the display box 20, and the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32. For example, as shown in fig. 16, 18, and 20, the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is 0 °, the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 is 90 °, and the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is 0 °.

As shown in fig. 15, in the present embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further disposed on a side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located on different layers and isolated from each other by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222 (the common electrode 221 is located below the pixel electrode 222 as shown in fig. 15). Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed over the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed in one block in each pixel unit or a slit electrode having a plurality of electrode bars to form a Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode. Of course, In other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may be located on the same layer, but they are insulated from each other, each of the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include a plurality of electrode strips, and the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are alternately arranged to form an In-Plane Switching (IPS) mode; alternatively, in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 is provided with the pixel electrode 222 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 is provided with the common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, so as to form a TN mode or a VA mode.

The upper substrate 11, the lower substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 may be made of glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, or other materials. The materials of the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111, the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122, the first electrode bar 122a, the second electrode bar 122b, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 may be Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), or the like.

As shown in fig. 15 and 16, in the initial state, i.e., the power-off state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 form an angle with the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32, so that the first liquid crystal layer 13 changes the polarization direction of light. After the ambient light I passes through the first polarizer 31, 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 0-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, a light ray (i.e., 90-degree linearly polarized light) parallel to the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 in the elliptically polarized light can pass through the wire grid polarizer 121 and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the polarization direction of the light ray cannot be changed by the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the 90-degree linearly polarized light cannot pass through the third polarizer 33; and the light (i.e., 0 ° linearly polarized light) parallel to the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is reflected by the wire grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13 again, the 0 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and then passes through the first polarizer 31, forming 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31.

In the off state, the wire grid polarizer 121 may also reflect a portion of the ambient light I, thereby differentiating the patterned LOGO area 110 from the non-patterned LOGO area 120 to reveal a LOGO pattern, i.e., a LOGO pattern, corresponding to the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121. Since the reflected part of the ambient light I passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 twice and the transmittance of the light with different wavelengths is different, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift, for example, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift to purple or purple green. Because there is no backlight BL, the magenta or violet-green LOGO can be seen at both the front and side viewing angles.

As shown in fig. 16, 17 and 21, in the wide viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V11 is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, wherein the first electrical signal V11 is a dc common voltage signal; the fifth electrical signal V24 is applied to the first electrode strip 122a, the sixth electrical signal V25 is applied to the second electrode strip 122b, the magnitude and frequency of the fifth electrical signal V24 are the same as those of the sixth electrical signal V25, but the polarity of the fifth electrical signal V24 is opposite, and the voltage difference between the fifth electrical signal V24 and the sixth electrical signal V25 is greater than a fifth preset value (e.g., greater than 7.0V). For example, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a dc voltage of 0V, the first electrode stripes 122a apply an ac voltage of 5.0V, and the second electrode stripes 122b apply an ac voltage of-5.0V. A strong horizontal electric field (E4 in fig. 17) is formed between the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are horizontally deflected, so that the light modulation cell 10 also exhibits wide viewing angle display. Although the first viewing angle control electrode 111 forms vertical electric fields (E6 and E5 in fig. 17) with the first and second electrode bars 122a and 122b, respectively, the directions of the vertical electric fields are opposite, and thus, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are not substantially deflected in the vertical direction.

Preferably, since the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b are located at different layers, in order to reduce an influence due to a difference in distance from the first viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b may apply voltages having a difference in magnitude. For example, the first electrode stripes 122a are positioned below the second electrode stripes 122b, the first electrode stripes 122a are applied with an ac voltage of 5.1V, and the second electrode stripes 122b are applied with an ac voltage of-4.9V.

As shown in fig. 18, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 form an angle with the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32, so that the first liquid crystal layer 13 changes the polarization direction of light. After the ambient light I passes through the first polarizer 31, 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 0-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, light (i.e., 90-degree linearly polarized light) parallel to the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 in the elliptically polarized light can pass through the wire grid polarizer 121 and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 90-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and finally, the 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 can pass through the third polarizer 33; and the light (i.e., 0 ° linearly polarized light) parallel to the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 is reflected by the wire grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13 again, the 0 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and then passes through the first polarizer 31, forming 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31. After the backlight BL passes through the

third polarizer

33, 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is formed, and when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 0 ° linearly polarized light becomes elliptically polarized light, then 90 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 may pass through the second polarizer 32, the 90 ° linearly polarized light may pass through the grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 90 ° linearly polarized light becomes elliptically polarized light, and 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 may pass through the first polarizer 31.

Although the wire grid polarizer 121 will reflect a portion of the ambient light I at a wide viewing angle, the non-marker pattern region 120 is also at a wide viewing angle, and the wide viewing angle is mainly displayed by the transmitted backlight BL, so the light ray difference between the marker pattern region 110 and the non-marker pattern region 120 is not obvious, and the marker pattern corresponding to the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121 is difficult to see.

As shown in fig. 19, 20 and 22, in the narrow viewing angle mode, a first electrical signal V11 is applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111, wherein the first electrical signal V11 is a dc common voltage signal; the seventh electrical signal V26 is applied to the first electrode strip 122a, the eighth electrical signal V27 is applied to the second electrode strip 122b, the amplitude, frequency and polarity of the seventh electrical signal V26 and the eighth electrical signal V27 are the same, and the voltage difference between the first electrical signal V11 and the seventh electrical signal V26 and the eighth electrical signal V27 is greater than a sixth preset value (e.g., greater than 5.0V). For example, the first viewing angle controlling electrode 111 applies a dc voltage of 0V, and the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b each apply an ac voltage of 5.0V. The first viewing angle control electrode 111 forms a vertical electric field (E7 in fig. 19) with the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b, and the direction of the vertical electric field is the same, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are greatly deflected in the vertical direction and are in an inclined state, the brightness becomes dark at a large viewing angle, and the light box 10 displays a narrow viewing angle. Since the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32, and the initial alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is 45 ° to the transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32, the display device in this embodiment can achieve four-way peep-proof effects, such as left-right peep-proof and up-down peep-proof.

Preferably, since the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b are located at different layers, in order to reduce an influence due to a difference in distance from the first viewing angle control electrode 111, the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b may apply voltages having a difference in magnitude. For example, the first electrode stripes 122a are located below the second electrode stripes 122b, the first electrode stripes 122a are applied with 5.8V ac voltage, and the second electrode stripes 122b are applied with 5.0V ac voltage.

As shown in fig. 20, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are in an inclined state, so that the first liquid crystal layer 13 changes the polarization direction of light. After the ambient light I passes through the first polarizer 31, 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 is formed, after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 0-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, light (i.e., 90-degree linearly polarized light) parallel to the transmission axis of the wire grid polarizer 121 in the elliptically polarized light can pass through the wire grid polarizer 121 and the second polarizer 32, when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 90-degree linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and finally, the 0-degree linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 can pass through the third polarizer 33; and the light (i.e., 0 ° linearly polarized light) of the elliptically polarized light, which is parallel to the reflection axis of the wire grid polarizer 121, is reflected by the wire grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13 again, the 0 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and then passes through the first polarizer 31, forming 0 ° linearly polarized light which is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31. After the backlight BL passes through the

third polarizer

33, 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the third polarizer 33 is formed, and when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23, the 0 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, then 90 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32 may pass through the second polarizer 32, the 90 ° linearly polarized light passes through the wire grid polarizer 121, and after passing through the first liquid crystal layer 13, the 90 ° linearly polarized light is changed into elliptically polarized light, and 0 ° linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 31 may pass through the first polarizer 31.

In the narrow viewing angle mode, since the first liquid crystal layer 13 is in an inclined state, the polarization direction of the light is changed, so that the wire grid polarizer 121 can reflect a portion of the ambient light I, and the reflected ambient light passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 twice, having twice optical path difference, and is not affected by the narrow viewing angle to receive light. When the liquid crystal display panel is viewed at a large visual angle (the included angle between the liquid crystal display panel and the vertical line of the display panel is greater than 40 degrees), the transmittance of the backlight BL is small and is in a dark state, the backlight BL cannot be seen in the mark pattern area 110, but reflected ambient light can be seen, so that the light of the mark pattern area 110 and the light of the non-mark pattern area 120 are differentiated to display a mark pattern corresponding to the pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121, namely, a LOGO pattern, and the stronger the ambient light is, the higher the brightness of the LOGO pattern is. Of course, at a front viewing angle (0-40 ° from the perpendicular to the display panel), a portion of the reflected ambient light I is also visible, thereby increasing the front viewing contrast in the narrow viewing angle mode. Since the reflected part of the ambient light I passes through the first liquid crystal layer 13 twice and the transmittance of the light with different wavelengths is different, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift, for example, the reflected part of the ambient light I has color shift of golden yellow. Because the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle or the wide-viewing-angle mode is mainly based on the transmission backlight BL for displaying, the backlight BL can cover part of the reflected ambient light I, and the reflected part of the ambient light I basically has no influence on the color shift of the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle and only shows that the LOGO pattern seen from the narrow-viewing-angle front-view viewing angle is golden yellow.

FIGS. 23a-23g are schematic structural diagrams illustrating a process for manufacturing a lower substrate according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 23a to 23g, the present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a display panel, which is used for manufacturing the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, the display panel includes a light modulation cell 10 and a display cell 20 stacked on each other, wherein the light modulation cell 10 includes an upper substrate 11, a lower substrate 12 disposed opposite to the upper substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12. The manufacturing method of the lower substrate 11 includes:

as shown in fig. 23a, a transparent metal layer 2, a first metal layer 3 and a second metal layer 4 are deposited on a substrate 1 in sequence, i.e. the substrate 1 is further covered with the transparent metal layer 2 before covering the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4. The transparent metal layer 2 is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO), the first metal layer 3 is aluminum (Al) or silver (Ag) with high reflectivity, and the second metal layer 4 is molybdenum (Mo).

As shown in fig. 23b, the second metal layer 4 is subjected to an oxidation treatment so that the second metal layer 4 forms a metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide (MoO) _x ) The molybdenum oxide is black, thereby preventing the first metal layer 3 from generating mirror reflection. The principle of specular reflection is different from that of the wire grid polarizer 121 reflecting linear polarization, and the black molybdenum oxide is covered to avoid specular reflection by the first metal layer 3.

As shown in fig. 23c-23e, a photoresist 5 is covered on the second metal layer 4, then the photoresist 5 is imprinted by using a mold 6 by using a nano-imprint technique, and the photoresist 5 is exposed and cured, and finally the mold 6 is stripped off to form a patterned structure on the photoresist 5. Development may be eliminated by the nanoimprint technique and the pattern more conforms to the desired pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121.

As shown in fig. 23f, the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 are etched, so that the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 form the wire grid polarizer 121, and the transparent metal layer 2 forms the second viewing angle control electrode 122. Finally, the photoresist 5 is removed.

Finally, the wire grid polarizer 121 is covered with a planarization layer 7, as shown in fig. 23 g.

This method is suitable for the structure in which the wire-grid polarizer 121 is disposed on the upper surface of the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 in the first embodiment. Of course, in order to apply the structure in which the first electrode stripes 122a and the second electrode stripes 122b are located on different layers in the second embodiment, two transparent metal layers 2 may be deposited by two mask processes, and the two transparent metal layers 2 are separated by an insulating layer.

Finally, the manufactured lower substrate 12, the first liquid crystal layer 13 and the upper substrate 11 are encapsulated to form the light modulation box 10, and then the light modulation box 10 and the display box 20 are bonded together.

FIGS. 24a-24h are two schematic structural diagrams illustrating the manufacturing process of the lower substrate of the present invention. As shown in fig. 24a to 24h, the present invention further provides a manufacturing method of a display panel, which is used for manufacturing the display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles, the display panel includes a light modulation cell 10 and a display cell 20 stacked on each other, wherein the light modulation cell 10 includes an upper substrate 11, a lower substrate 12 disposed opposite to the upper substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 disposed between the upper substrate 11 and the lower substrate 12. The manufacturing method of the lower substrate 12 includes:

as shown in fig. 24a, a first metal layer 3, a second metal layer 4 and a photoresist 5 are sequentially deposited on a substrate 1, wherein the first metal layer 3 is a metal with high reflectivity, such as aluminum (Al) or silver (Ag), and the second metal layer 4 is molybdenum (Mo).

As shown in fig. 24b, the photoresist 5 is exposed and developed by using a mask corresponding to the pattern of the peripheral metal trace 8 to form a pattern corresponding to the peripheral metal trace 8, and the photoresist 5 above the peripheral metal trace 8 is remained.

As shown in fig. 24c, the second metal layer 4 is subjected to an oxidation treatment so that the second metal layer 4 forms a metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide (MoO) _x ) The molybdenum oxide is black, thereby preventing the first metal layer 3 from generating mirror reflection. The principle of specular reflection is different from that of the wire grid polarizer 121 reflecting linear polarization, and the black molybdenum oxide is covered to avoid specular reflection by the first metal layer 3. Finally, the photoresist 5 on the second metal layer 4 is removed. Namely, the peripheral metal wiring is reserved before the second metal layer 4 is oxidizedThe photoresist 5 over 8 acts as an oxidation barrier so that the peripheral metal traces 8 are not oxidized.

As shown in fig. 24d-24f, another photoresist 5 is covered on the second metal layer 4, then the photoresist 5 is imprinted by using the mold 6 by using the nanoimprint technology, and the photoresist 5 is exposed and cured, and finally the mold 6 is stripped off to form a patterned structure on the other photoresist 5. Development may not be required by the nanoimprint technique and the pattern more conforms to the desired pattern of the wire grid polarizer 121.

As shown in fig. 24g, the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 are etched, so that the portions of the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 corresponding to the oxidized portion of the second metal layer 4 form the wire grid polarizer 121, and the portions of the first metal layer 3 and the second metal layer 4 corresponding to the non-oxidized portion of the second metal layer 4 form the peripheral metal trace 8. Finally, the other photoresist 5 is removed.

As shown in fig. 24h, the planarization layer 7 is finally covered on the wire grid polarizer 121 and the peripheral metal trace 8.

And the second viewing angle controlling electrode 122 is fabricated by an additional process.

Fig. 25 is a first schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention, and fig. 26 is a second schematic plan view of the display device of the present invention. Referring to fig. 25 and 26, the display device is provided with a viewing angle switching key 50 for a user to send a viewing angle switching request to the display device. The view switching key 50 may be a physical key (as shown in fig. 25), or may be a software control or application program (APP) to implement a switching function (as shown in fig. 26, for example, a wide view and a narrow view are set by a slider). When a user needs to switch between a wide viewing angle and a narrow viewing angle, a viewing angle switching request can be sent to the display device by operating the viewing angle switching key 50, and finally different electric signals are applied to the first viewing angle control electrode 111 and the second viewing angle control electrode 122 or the first electrode strips 122a and the second electrode strips 122b under the control of the driving chip 60, so that the display device can realize the switching between the wide viewing angle and the narrow viewing angle. And when narrow visual angle, collocation wire grid polaroid 121 to the realization can see the display screen when watching at positive visual angle, can also see the identification pattern that corresponds with wire grid polaroid 121 figure when watching at big visual angle, LOGO pattern promptly.

In this document, the terms of upper, lower, left, right, front, rear and the like are used to define the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures relative to each other, and are only used for the sake of clarity and convenience in technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., are used herein for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting in number or order.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel having a patterned marker pattern area (110), the display panel comprising light modulating cells (10) and display cells (20) arranged one above the other;

the light modulation box (10) comprises an upper substrate (11), a lower substrate (12) arranged opposite to the upper substrate (11) and a first liquid crystal layer (13) arranged between the upper substrate (11) and the lower substrate (12), wherein a first visual angle control electrode (111) is arranged on one side of the upper substrate (11) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), a patterned wire grid polarizing plate (121) and a second visual angle control electrode (122) matched with the first visual angle control electrode (111) are arranged on one side of the lower substrate (12) facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), and the wire grid polarizing plate (121) corresponds to the mark pattern region (110);

the upside of light modulation box (10) is equipped with first polaroid (31), the downside of light modulation box (10) is equipped with second polaroid (32), the printing opacity axle of first polaroid (31), the printing opacity axle of second polaroid (32) and the printing opacity axle three of wire grid polaroid (121) are parallel to each other, the printing opacity axle of second polaroid (32) with the reflection of light axle mutually perpendicular of wire grid polaroid (121).

2. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 1, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) is aligned parallel to the upper substrate (11) and the lower substrate (12), and an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is parallel to or perpendicular to a transmission axis of the first polarizer (31) and a transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

3. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 1, wherein the second viewing angle control electrode (122) is a full-area planar electrode.

4. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 3, wherein the wire grid polarizer (121) covers the upper surface of the second viewing angle control electrode (122).

5. A switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel having a patterned marker pattern area (110), the display panel comprising light modulating cells (10) and display cells (20) arranged one above the other;

the light modulation box (10) comprises an upper substrate (11), a lower substrate (12) arranged opposite to the upper substrate (11) and a first liquid crystal layer (13) arranged between the upper substrate (11) and the lower substrate (12), the upper substrate (11) is provided with a first viewing angle control electrode (111) on a side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), the lower substrate (12) is provided with a patterned wire grid polarizer (121) and a second viewing angle control electrode (122) matched with the first viewing angle control electrode (111) at the side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13), the wire grid polarizer (121) corresponds to the logo pattern area (110), the second viewing angle control electrode (122) includes a first electrode bar (122a) and a second electrode bar (122b) insulated from each other, the first electrode stripes (122a) and the second electrode stripes (122b) are parallel to each other and alternately arranged;

the upside of light modulation box (10) is equipped with first polaroid (31), the downside of light modulation box (10) is equipped with second polaroid (32), the printing opacity axle of first polaroid (31) with the printing opacity axle mutually perpendicular of second polaroid (32), the printing opacity axle of second polaroid (32) with the printing opacity axle of wire grid polaroid (121) is parallel to each other, the printing opacity axle of second polaroid (32) with the reflection of light axle mutually perpendicular of wire grid polaroid (121).

6. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel of claim 5, wherein the first liquid crystal layer (13) is aligned parallel to the upper substrate (11) and the lower substrate (12), and an alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (13) is 45 ° to a transmission axis of the first polarizer (31) and a transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

7. The switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the logo pattern region (110) is located at the center of the display panel.

8. The display panel with switchable wide and narrow viewing angles according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the display box (20) includes a color filter substrate (21), an array substrate (22) disposed opposite to the color filter substrate (21), and a second liquid crystal layer (23) disposed between the color filter substrate (21) and the array substrate (22); one side of the display box (20) far away from the dimming box (10) is provided with a third polarizer (33), and the transmission axis of the third polarizer (33) is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer between the display box (20) and the dimming box (10).

9. A display device comprising the switchable wide and narrow viewing angle display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A manufacturing method of a display panel, wherein the manufacturing method is used for manufacturing the switchable wide and narrow viewing angles display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the manufacturing method comprises:

providing a substrate (1), and sequentially covering a first metal layer (3) and a second metal layer (4) on the substrate (1);

carrying out oxidation treatment on the second metal layer (4);

covering a photoresist (5) on the second metal layer (4);

providing a mould (6), wherein a pattern corresponding to the wire grid polarizer (121) is arranged on the mould (6), imprinting the photoresist (5) through the mould (6), and carrying out exposure curing treatment on the photoresist (5);

stripping the mold (6) from the photoresist (5) and exposing the second metal layer (4);

and etching the first metal layer (3) and the second metal layer (4), and stripping the photoresist (5) from the second metal layer (4).