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CN114801365A - High-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114801365A
CN114801365A CN202210592976.7A CN202210592976A CN114801365A CN 114801365 A CN114801365 A CN 114801365A CN 202210592976 A CN202210592976 A CN 202210592976A CN 114801365 A CN114801365 A CN 114801365A
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aluminum alloy
carbon fiber
composite material
resin
solution
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程飞
张劲恒
徐阳
王林
刘欣宇
周子腾
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/162—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/12—Light metals
    • C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
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    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/04—Etching of light metals
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/0064—Smoothing, polishing, making a glossy surface
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy is sequentially soaked in 8-15 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution and 8-15 wt% of nitric acid solution for 5-15 minutes to remove dirt and impurities on the surface; carrying out electrolytic treatment on the aluminum alloy, etching the surface to form a prefabricated pore channel, and treating the surface of the electrolytic aluminum alloy by adopting a resin pre-coating process; polishing the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using P240# aluminum oxide abrasive paper, and treating the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using a resin pre-coating process after acetone ultrasonic cleaning; the aluminum alloy-carbon fiber composite material is prepared by gluing the treated aluminum alloy and the treated carbon fiber plate, stands for 10 to 15 hours, and is placed in a constant-temperature curing box at 50 to 60 ℃ for curing for 72 to 120 hours after semi-curing. The invention realizes the high-performance development of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material, and promotes the widening of the application market of the high-performance aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material in the light-weight development of important equipment fields such as aerospace, weapon and ship, transportation, medical apparatus and instruments and the like.

Description

High-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin (CFRP) composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of novel materials.
Background
The aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material is a novel material with high specific strength, high specific modulus, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, vibration resistance, good designability and easy operability, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, ships and naval vessels, traffic equipment, wind power machines and the like. As a novel light high-strength composite material, the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material still has the prominent problems that the brittleness of a resin bonding layer is high, the adhesive bonding interface of a matrix/resin is easy to be degummed and lose efficacy and the like, and the stability of the structural strength of the composite material and the safety of practical application are seriously influenced. The key factor contributing to such problems is the cementing technique, the fundamental reason being insufficient mechanical interlocking behavior of the cementing interface. Because the surface of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material has an oxidation thin layer, the aluminum alloy is difficult to generate physical behaviors of sufficient wetting, diffusion, compatibility and the like with epoxy resin, and is not favorable for forming a bonding interface without defect. The cured adhesive layer has weaker performances of peeling resistance, shearing resistance, mechanical impact resistance and the like, so that the composite material is easy to generate degumming failure of the aluminum alloy/epoxy resin adhesive interface.
The design, preparation and practical application of the composite material must ensure the stability of the structural strength of the material and the safety of the use process. For the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material, the brittleness of a resin matrix is improved, the physical effect and the mechanical effect of an adhesion interface are strengthened, and the failure impedance of the layered composite material in the quasi-Z direction is strengthened, so that the structural degumming failure under external force load or cold and hot alternating stress is reduced. Therefore, the structural optimization of the bonding matrix, the interface and the bonding layer is an important research subject of the structural design and the performance strengthening of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the outstanding problems that the brittleness of a resin bonding layer of an aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material is high, a bonding interface of a matrix/resin is easy to degum and lose efficacy and the like, and provides a high-performance aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material based on surface topography regulation and optimization and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the surface of the aluminum alloy is treated electrochemically to form a prefabricated pore channel, the carbon fiber plate is polished by abrasive paper to form a rough surface, the bonding surface of the matrix is optimized by a resin pre-coating process, and the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material with enhanced performance is prepared by adhesive bonding.
The invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material, which is prepared by the following preparation method, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
sequentially soaking the aluminum alloy in 8-15 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution and 8-15 wt% of nitric acid solution for 5-15 minutes to remove dirt and impurities on the surface;
carrying out electrolytic treatment on the aluminum alloy, etching the surface to form a prefabricated pore channel, and treating the surface of the electrolytic aluminum alloy by adopting a resin pre-coating process;
polishing the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using P240# aluminum oxide abrasive paper, and treating the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using a resin pre-coating process after acetone ultrasonic cleaning;
the aluminum alloy-carbon fiber composite material is prepared by gluing the treated aluminum alloy and the treated carbon fiber plate, stands for 10 to 15 hours, and is placed in a constant-temperature curing box at 50 to 60 ℃ for curing for 72 to 120 hours after semi-curing.
In the preparation process of the material, the electrolysis conditions are that the electrolyte solution is a sulfuric acid/oxalic acid mixed solution: 15 wt% -20 wt% of sulfuric acid and 0 wt% -2 wt% of oxalic acid; the temperature of the solution is 20-30 ℃; the electrolytic voltage is 12V-18V; the electrolysis time is 1-2 h.
In the preparation process of the material, the resin pre-coating process is to uniformly spray a solution comprising resin and acetone as a pre-coating solution on the surface of the treated carbon fiber plate, and introduce the residual resin into the pore channel structure through surface tension after the acetone is completely volatilized.
The resin content in the pre-coating solution is 10-20 wt% and the acetone content is 80-90 wt%; or the precoating solution comprises 10 wt% -20 wt% of resin, 1 wt% -4 wt% of carbon nano tube CNTs and 76 wt% -89 wt% of acetone, and the carbon nano tube can be introduced into a pore channel on the surface of the aluminum alloy along with the residual resin.
The single lap shear strength of the high-performance aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material obtained by the invention can reach 22.62 MPa.
The invention realizes the high-performance development of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material, and promotes the widening of the application market of the high-performance aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material in the light-weight development of important equipment fields such as aerospace, weapon and ship, transportation, medical apparatus and instruments and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows standard single lap bonding models and parameters for an aluminum alloy-CFRP composite of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the resin precoating process of the present invention to improve the adhesion interface defects.
Detailed Description
The features of the invention are further described below with reference to examples, but are not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the aluminum alloy for experiments is 101.6mm long, 25.4mm wide and 3.0mm high, 10 wt% sodium hydroxide and 10 wt% nitric acid solution are adopted for aluminum alloy to be soaked for 10 minutes in sequence, and deionized water is used for cleaning residual solution on the surface after each soaking to ensure that impurity ions do not enter an electrolytic cell; taking the pretreated aluminum alloy as an anode and a carbon rod as a cathode, using a mixed electrolyte solution consisting of 20 wt% of sulfuric acid and 0.5 wt% of oxalic acid, setting the electrolytic voltage to be 12V, and setting the electrolytic reaction to be 1h to obtain the aluminum alloy with the prefabricated pore channel; the aluminum alloy after electrolysis was treated with a resin precoating solution composed of 10 wt% of resin, 1 wt% of carbon nanotubes, and 89 wt% of acetone.
The specifications of the carbon fiber CFRP plate for the experiment are that the length is 101.6mm, the width is 25.4mm, and the height is 3.0mm, the surface of the CFRP plate is ground by using P240# alumina abrasive paper, and after the CFRP plate is ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes by using acetone, the surface of the CFRP plate is treated by using resin precoating solution consisting of 10 wt% of resin and 90 wt% of acetone. The working principle of the resin precoating process for improving the bonding interface defect is shown in fig. 2.
According to the following steps of 1: 1 preparing a mixture of epoxy resin and a curing agent for bonding, uniformly mixing, smearing the mixture on a bonding area, bonding the mixture on a die with the bonding layer thickness of 0.76mm according to a standard bonding model, standing for 10 hours to obtain a semi-cured primary finished product, bonding gaskets on two sides to obtain an aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material finished product, transferring the obtained experimental sample into a drying oven at 60 ℃, and curing for 120 hours to obtain a completely cured aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material finished product.
The single lap shear strength of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material prepared by the embodiment reaches 22.62 MPa.
Example 2
The experimental aluminum alloy and carbon fiber plate specifications were consistent with example 1. And (3) sequentially soaking 10 wt% of sodium hydroxide and 10 wt% of nitric acid solution aluminum alloy for 10 minutes, and cleaning residual solution on the surface by using deionized water to ensure that impurity ions do not enter an electrolytic bath. Taking the pretreated aluminum alloy as an anode, a carbon rod as a cathode, 20 wt% sulfuric acid as an electrolyte solution, 12V as an electrolytic voltage and 1h as electrolysis time to prepare the porous aluminum alloy; the aluminum alloy after spraying treatment is sprayed by using a resin precoating solution consisting of 10 wt% of resin, 1 wt% of carbon nanotubes and 89 wt% of acetone.
The surface of the carbon fiber sheet was polished with P240# alumina sandpaper, followed by acetone ultrasonic cleaning for 20 minutes, and the surface of the carbon fiber sheet was treated with a resin precoating solution composed of 10 wt% resin and 90 wt% acetone.
According to the following steps of 1: 1, uniformly mixing and smearing a mixture of epoxy resin and a curing agent for bonding in a set bonding area, bonding by using a mould according to a standard bonding model, standing for 10 hours to obtain a semi-cured primary finished product, bonding gaskets on two sides to obtain an aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material, transferring the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material into a drying oven at 60 ℃, and curing for 120 hours to obtain a completely cured aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material finished product.
The single lap shear strength of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material prepared by the embodiment reaches 21.18 MPa.
Comparative example
The experimental aluminum alloy and carbon fiber plate specifications were consistent with example 1. The aluminum alloy and carbon fiber plates were ultrasonically cleaned using acetone alone for 20 minutes, according to a 1: 1, uniformly mixing the mixture of the epoxy resin and the curing agent for bonding, smearing the mixture on a set bonding area, bonding a die with the bonding layer thickness of 0.76mm according to a standard bonding model, standing for 10 hours to obtain a semi-cured primary product, bonding gaskets on two sides to obtain an aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material finished product, transferring the obtained experimental sample to a drying oven at 60 ℃, and curing for 120 hours.
The single lap shear strength of the aluminum alloy-CFRP composite material prepared by ultrasonic cleaning of the surfaces of the aluminum alloy and the carbon fiber plate only through acetone in the comparative example is 9.60 MPa.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the aluminum alloy is sequentially soaked in 8-15 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution and 8-15 wt% of nitric acid solution for 5-15 minutes to remove dirt and impurities on the surface;
carrying out electrolytic treatment on the aluminum alloy, etching the surface to form a prefabricated pore channel, and treating the surface of the electrolytic aluminum alloy by adopting a resin pre-coating process;
polishing the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using P240# alumina sand paper, and treating the surface of the carbon fiber plate by using a resin pre-coating process after acetone ultrasonic cleaning;
the aluminum alloy-carbon fiber composite material is prepared by gluing the treated aluminum alloy and the treated carbon fiber plate, stands for 10 to 15 hours, and is placed in a constant-temperature curing box at 50 to 60 ℃ for curing for 72 to 120 hours after semi-curing.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolysis condition is that the electrolyte solution is a sulfuric acid/oxalic acid mixed solution: 15 wt% -20 wt% of sulfuric acid and 0 wt% -2 wt% of oxalic acid; the temperature of the solution is 20-30 ℃; the electrolytic voltage is 12V-18V; the electrolysis time is 1-2 h.
3. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin pre-coating process is to use a solution containing resin and acetone as a pre-coating solution, uniformly spray-coat the solution on the surface of the treated carbon fiber plate, and introduce the residual resin into the pore channel structure through surface tension after the acetone is completely volatilized.
4. The method for preparing the high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the resin content in the pre-coating solution is 10-20 wt% and the acetone content is 80-90 wt%.
5. The preparation method of the high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pre-coating solution comprises 10 wt% -20 wt% of resin, 1 wt% -4 wt% of carbon nanotube CNTs, and 76 wt% -89 wt% of acetone, and the carbon nanotubes are introduced into a pore channel on the surface of the aluminum alloy together with the rest resin.
6. A high-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, characterized by being obtained by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
CN202210592976.7A 2022-05-27 2022-05-27 High-performance aluminum alloy-carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN114801365A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI819883B (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-10-21 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 Fiber metal laminate and method for manufacturing the same

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CN1111029A (en) * 1994-03-10 1995-11-01 日本蓄电器工业株式会社 Method of etching aluminum foil for electrolytic capacitors
CN1570205A (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-01-26 深圳市成功科技有限公司 Composite nickel plating method for aluminum alloy heating piece
CN1970627A (en) * 2006-10-11 2007-05-30 苏州大学 Cyanate resin/ carbon fiber composite material and its preparing process
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