CN114793531B

CN114793531B - Root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN114793531B
Application number: CN202210506347.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何应会; 梁文汇; 马锦林; 黄耀恒; 黄伯高; 谢乐; 黄红宝; 杨日升; 梁圣华
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-05-10
Filing date: 2022-05-10
Publication date: 2023-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-10
Also published as: CN114793531A

Abstract

The invention discloses a root rot resistant pear stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps: 1) Selecting a dangerous land Mala system avocado seed as a stock seed material, cleaning, peeling, and sterilizing before sand feeding; 2) Accelerating germination by adopting a sand bed, placing the treated healthy avocado seeds on the sand bed at intervals, and pouring enough water after covering sand with the tips of the seeds upwards; 3) Filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into the seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, and the upper layer is a ventilation and corrosion prevention layer; 4) When the stem buds of the avocado grow to 6-12 cm in height on the sand bed and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, seedling transplanting is carried out, the seedling is transplanted to a seedling cup by adopting the exposed core, the seed core is placed in a breathable anti-corrosion layer, the root system is placed in a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, and planting water is immediately sprayed after transplanting; 5) And (3) managing after transplanting: properly controlling water, spraying foliar fertilizer and sterilizing mixed solution. The method for cultivating the avocado stock increases the air permeability of the avocado seedling medium, cuts off the root rot source of the nursery stock, effectively plays the role of supplying seed nutrients, and basically solves the problem of root rot of the avocado in seedling stage.

Description

Root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seedling breeding and plant disease control, and particularly relates to a root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method.

Background

Avocado (Persea americana Mill), commonly known as avocado, is a plant of the genus avocado of the family Lauraceae, and has rich mineral elements and rich nut flavor because of its high energy and low sugar content, has been regarded as a high-end health fruit, and has a huge consumption space in the fruit market in China and International. The introduction and cultivation of the avocado in China has been carried out for more than 100 years, and the domestic planting area and yield are steadily increased by 4.56% and 3.03% in the period of 2007-2017, but the total scale is still smaller, and the market demand depends on import. The bottleneck for restricting the development of the domestic avocado industry is mainly caused by the fact that the avocado is easy to infect root rot, and the risk is high during the seedling raising period and even after planting. The large seed kernels of the avocado are rich in nutrition, and can give a great amount of nutrients to seedlings, but the seed kernels are also very high in moisture, soluble sugar and crude fat, and if the seed kernels are stored in a container seedling cup with poor air permeability for a long time, the seed kernels are extremely easy to be damaged by insects and microorganisms to spoil, so that root rot is caused. At present, the prevention and control technology is lacked, and the popularization and planting conditions are seriously influenced.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultivation method of pear seedlings for preventing root rot, so as to improve the quality of the seedlings and reduce the risk of post-planting disease.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method, which is used for cutting off the root rot source of seedlings by increasing the air permeability of seedling substrates, effectively playing the role of supplying seed nutrients, improving the root system and the quality of the seedlings when pear seedlings leave the nursery, and reducing the occurrence of root rot of the seedlings.

The invention solves the technical problems with the following technical proposal:

the invention discloses a root rot prevention oil pear stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps:

selecting and treating a stock seed material: cleaning the collected healthy avocado seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water, peeling the seeds, and sterilizing the seeds before sand feeding;

and (II) germination accelerating and seeding: accelerating germination by adopting a sand bed, sterilizing the sand bed by using carbendazim 24 hours before sowing, putting the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (I) on the sand bed at intervals during sowing, and pouring enough water after covering sand with the tips of the seeds upwards;

and (III) layering and filling the substrate into cups: filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into the seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, and the upper layer is a ventilation and corrosion prevention layer;

(IV) seedling lifting and transplanting: when the stem buds of the oil pears grow to 6-12 cm in height on the sand bed and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, lifting the seedlings for transplanting, transferring the seedlings into seedling cups of the step (III), adopting the pit-exposing transplanting, placing the seed pits in a breathable anti-corrosion layer, placing root systems in a nutrition and moisture-preserving layer, and immediately spraying field planting water after transplanting;

and (V) managing after transplanting:

(1) Controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dried, and watering thoroughly;

(2) Leaf surface dressing: when 5-7 leaves grow on young leaves, preparing a leaf fertilizer and sterilizing mixed solution for spraying, and carrying out spraying once every 10 days;

(3) Filling matrix: when the seedlings grow into the cups for 4-6 months, the light matrix is filled up to the cup mouths of the seedlings, so that the seeds are completely covered, and the seedlings are prevented from easily coming out when the seedlings go out of the nursery.

In the step (one) of the invention, the avocado seeds are the Cremastra-type avocado seeds.

In the step (one), the time for soaking in clear water is not less than 24 hours; the avocado seeds are soaked in a low-concentration potassium permanganate solution for 5 to 10 minutes before being placed on a sand bed.

In the second step, the thickness of the sand cover is not more than 2cm.

In the step (III), the breathable anti-corrosion layer is a light seedling culture substrate, the organic matter content in the light substrate is more than or equal to 50%, and the PH value of the light substrate is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition and moisture preservation layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite.

In the step (IV), the exposed core transplanting is adopted in the transplanting, namely, the upper section with the length of 1/5-1/4 of the seed core is exposed out of the surface of the seedling substrate, and the substrate surface around the seed core is slightly higher, so that the air permeability is increased, and the dryness of the seed core is kept.

In the step (five) of the invention, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution comprises the following steps: 18ml of metalaxyl-hymexazol, 8ml of saflufenacil, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the medicine.

The method has the following beneficial effects:

(1) According to the invention, the seedling raising substrate of the avocado is designed in a layered manner, and the seedling exposing transplanting is combined, so that the nutrient requirement for the growth of the root system of the avocado in the seedling stage is met, the air permeability and dryness of the substrate layer where the seed cores are positioned are greatly improved, the growth of anaerobic bacteria is inhibited, the source for decomposing the seed cores is cut off, the purpose that the seed cores continuously supply nutrition for the growth of the root system is achieved, the quality of the root system and the seedling during the seedling emergence of the avocado is improved, and the occurrence of seedling root rot is reduced.

(2) The nursery rate of the pear stock seedlings cultivated by the method can reach more than 96%, the average seedling height of half a year is 46.5cm, the average ground diameter is 7.3mm, main roots are thick, lateral roots are abundant, and root rot in seedling stage is effectively prevented. The grafting survival rate of the seedling of the pear stock cultivated by the method can reach more than 95.8 percent, and the fixed-stock planting survival rate of the nursery is more than 94.6 percent.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further described below, and the method of the invention is described by combining examples.

The invention relates to a root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps:

selecting and treating a stock seed material: the collected healthy oil pear seeds of the crisis-marla system are cleaned, soaked in clear water for at least 24 hours, peeled as much as possible, soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 minutes before being put on a sand bed, and disinfected.

And (II) germination accelerating and seeding: the sand bed is adopted for germination acceleration, the carbendazim is used for killing the sand bed 24 hours before sowing, the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (one) are placed on the sand bed during sowing, the tips of the avocado seeds are upwards placed at proper intervals in sequence, then sand is covered, water is poured after sand is covered, and the thickness of the sand cover is not more than 2cm, so that the stem buds are thicker.

And (III) layering and filling the substrate into cups: preparing a black seedling raising cup, wherein the cup opening is 15cm wide, the cup height is 20cm, seedling raising matrixes are filled in two layers, the lower layer is a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, the filling height is 10 cm-12 cm, the upper layer is a ventilation and corrosion prevention layer, and the filling height is 8 cm-10 cm.

(IV) seedling lifting and transplanting: when the height of the bud of the avocado grows to 6-12 cm and the seedling emergence is relatively orderly, the seedling is transplanted, the seedling is transferred into a seedling raising cup in the third step, the root system of the avocado is placed in a nutrition and moisture preservation layer so as to facilitate rooting and moisture preservation, the seed core is placed in a ventilation and corrosion prevention layer so as to facilitate dry and corrosion prevention, the upper section with the length of 1/4-1/5 of the seed core is exposed out of the surface of the matrix, the matrix surface around the seed core is slightly higher so as to increase the ventilation property, the dryness of the seed core is kept, and the planting water is sprayed immediately after the transplanting.

And (V) managing after transplanting:

(2) Leaf surface dressing: when 5-7 leaves grow on young leaves, spraying the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution once every 10 days;

(3) Filling matrix: when the seedlings enter the cup to grow for 4-6 months, the light matrix is filled up to the cup mouth of the seedlings, so that the seed cores are completely covered, and the seedlings are prevented from easily coming out when the seedlings leave the nursery.

The seedling raising light matrix is a seedling raising light matrix in the prior art, wherein the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50%, and the PH value of the seedling raising light matrix is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition and moisture preservation layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite.

The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution comprises the following steps: 18ml of metalaxyl-hymexazol, 8ml of saflufenacil, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the medicine.

The following are specific examples of the method of the invention:

example 1, the procedure was as follows:

1. stock seed material selection and treatment: the collected seeds of the Critical land Mala system avocado (the fresh weight of seed cores is 127.3 g-170.9 g), are cleaned, soaked in clear water for 24 hours, the seed coats are removed, and the seeds are soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes and then are sown.

2. Accelerating germination of sand bed: before sowing for 24 hours, the sand-killing bed is used for killing the seeds with carbendazim, and during sowing, the tips of the seeds of the avocados are upwards, the seeds are placed at proper intervals in sequence, and the seeds are covered with sand and fully poured with water.

3. Layering and cup filling of the substrate: the black seedling bag opening is 15cm wide and the cup height is 20cm, seedling substrates are filled in two layers, and the lower nutrition and moisture preservation layer (1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite) is filled in 12cm; the upper breathable anticorrosive layer (all light matrix) is filled with 8cm.

4. And (3) core exposure transplanting: when the stem buds grow to 6-12 cm in height and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, seedling transplanting is performed, the seed kernels are placed in a breathable anti-corrosion layer, root systems are placed in a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, the upper sections of the seed kernels with the length of 1/4 are exposed out of the surface of a matrix, the matrix surface around the seed kernels is slightly higher, so that the breathability is increased, the dryness of the seed kernels is kept, and planting water is sprayed immediately after the seed kernels are placed in a cup.

5. And (3) managing after transplanting:

(1) Controlling water: watering when the surface of the matrix is obviously dried, and thoroughly watering;

(2) Leaf surface dressing: when young leaves grow into 5-7 pieces, 18ml of propamocarb, 8ml of azoxystrobin, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of monopotassium phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare foliar fertilizer and sterilization mixed solution for spraying the seedlings every 10 days.

(3) Filling matrix: when the nursery stock grows in the cup for about 5 months and the seed kernels are highly lignified, the light matrix is filled to the cup opening of the nursery stock, so that the seed kernels are completely covered, and the nursery stock is prevented from easily coming out when the nursery stock leaves the nursery.

Example 2, the procedure was as follows:

1. stock seed material selection and treatment: the collected seeds (the fresh weight of seed kernels is 41.6 g-55.0 g) of the Cremastra-series avocados are cleaned, soaked in clear water for 26h, the seed coats are removed, and the seeds are soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 5 min and then are sown.

3. Layering and cup filling of the substrate: the black seedling bag opening is 15cm wide and the cup height is 20cm, seedling substrates are filled in two layers, and the lower nutrition and moisture preservation layer (1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite) is filled in 10cm; the upper breathable anticorrosive layer (all light matrix) is filled with 10cm.

4. Seedling lifting and transplanting: when the stem buds grow to 6-12 cm in height and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, the seedlings are lifted and transplanted, the seed cores are placed in a breathable anti-corrosion layer after transplanting, the root system is placed in a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, the upper section with the length of 1/5 of the seed cores is exposed out of the surface of the matrix, the matrix surface around the seed cores is slightly higher, so that the air permeability is increased, the seed cores are kept dry and cool, and the planting water is sprayed immediately after the seed cores are placed in a cup.

5. And (3) managing after transplanting:

(3) Filling matrix: when the seedlings grow in the cup for about 4 months and the seed kernels are highly lignified, the light matrix is filled to the cup opening of the seedlings, so that the seed kernels are completely covered, and the seedlings are prevented from easily coming out of the nursery.

Comparative example 1

In the implementation of the comparative example, the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of peat soil, 4 parts of yellow core soil and 3 parts of light matrix, uniformly mixing, filling (without layering), and fully burying seed cores during transplanting. The remaining procedure was as in example 1.

Comparative example 2

In the implementation of the comparative example, the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite, uniformly mixing, filling (without layering), and fully burying seed cores during transplanting. The remaining procedure was as in example 1.

The test results of the above inventive seedling raising examples and comparative examples are as follows:

from the data in the table, in the cultivation process of the pear stock seedlings, the ventilation degree of the seedling culture matrix has important influence on the growth of the seedlings and the occurrence of root rot. According to the invention, through layered design of the seedling substrate of the avocado and combination of the seedling substrate with the nucleus exposure transplanting, the nutrient requirement of the seedling root system growth of the avocado can be met, the air permeability and dryness of the substrate layer where the seeds are positioned are greatly improved, the growth of anaerobic bacteria is inhibited, the source of the spoilage of the seeds is cut off, the purpose that the seeds continuously supply nutrition for the root system growth is achieved, and the root system and seedling quality during the seedling emergence of the avocado are further improved.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The root rot prevention pear stock cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

selecting and treating a stock seed material: cleaning the collected healthy avocado seeds, soaking the seeds in clear water, peeling the seeds, and sterilizing the seeds before sand feeding; the avocado seeds are the seeds of the Critical land Mala system; the time for soaking in the clear water is not less than 24 hours; soaking in low concentration potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 min before sand feeding;

and (II) germination accelerating and seeding: accelerating germination by adopting a sand bed, sterilizing the sand bed by using carbendazim 24 hours before sowing, putting the healthy avocado seeds treated in the step (I) on the sand bed at intervals during sowing, and pouring enough water after covering sand with the tips of the seeds upwards; the thickness of the sandy soil coverage is not more than 2cm;

and (III) layering and filling the substrate into cups: filling two layers of seedling raising substrates into the seedling raising cup, wherein the lower layer is a nutrition and moisture preservation layer, and the upper layer is a ventilation and corrosion prevention layer; the breathable anti-corrosion layer is a seedling light matrix, the organic matter content in the light matrix is more than or equal to 50%, and the PH value of the light matrix is 5.5-6.5; the nutrition moisturizing layer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 part of peat soil and 1 part of vermiculite;

(IV) seedling lifting and transplanting: when the stem buds of the oil pears grow to 6-12 cm in height on the sand bed and the seedlings emerge relatively orderly, lifting the seedlings for transplanting, transferring the seedlings into seedling cups of the step (III), adopting the pit-exposing transplanting, placing the seed pits in a breathable anti-corrosion layer, placing root systems in a nutrition and moisture-preserving layer, and immediately spraying field planting water after transplanting; the method adopts the exposed core transplanting during transplanting, namely the upper section with the length of 1/5-1/4 of the seed core is exposed out of the surface of the seedling substrate, and the substrate surface around the seed core is slightly higher so as to increase the air permeability and keep the seed core dry;

and (V) managing after transplanting:

(1) Controlling water: watering until the substrate surface is thoroughly watered when the substrate surface is obviously dried;

(2) Leaf surface dressing: when 5-7 leaves grow on young leaves, spraying the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution once every 10 days; the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer and the sterilization mixed solution comprises the following steps: 18ml of metalaxyl-hymexazol, 8ml of saflufenacil, 8ml of prochloraz, 30ml of abamectin, 5ml of triacontanol, 25g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10g of boric acid are dissolved in 16L of water to prepare the medicine;