CN114799543A - Integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device - Google Patents
Integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114799543A CN114799543A CN202110114312.5A CN202110114312A CN114799543A CN 114799543 A CN114799543 A CN 114799543A CN 202110114312 A CN202110114312 A CN 202110114312A CN 114799543 A CN114799543 A CN 114799543A
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
- B23K26/0884—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is applied to the field of ultra-precision machining and is used for machining difficult-to-machine materials. The invention particularly relates to an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device which comprises a tool rest structure design and a laser light path system design; the tool rest structure design comprises a tool rest mounting bottom plate structure design, a tool rest mounting cover plate structure design and a sleeve structure design; the laser optical path system design comprises a laser adjusting module design, a reflection adjusting module design and a focusing adjusting module design. The device can adjust the incident position and the incident angle of the laser according to factors such as a diamond cutter, processing requirements and the like, and realizes the adjustment of the size and the position of a laser spot; the device adopts a modular design, and is convenient to adjust and install. Meanwhile, the device has the advantage of high laser energy utilization rate, realizes the integration of dislocation and in-situ, and lays a solid foundation for the research work in the aspect of laser assistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the field of ultra-precision machining, and particularly relates to an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device.
Background
Laser-assisted cutting is a composite processing technique, in which a processing area on a workpiece is softened by heating with a high-energy laser beam to reach the optimal softening and cutting temperature of the material. The material can be deformed more easily when cutting at the temperature, the cutting force, the specific cutting energy, the surface roughness, the surface damage and the cutter abrasion are reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Laser-assisted machining has been known as laser off-position assisted machining and laser in-situ assisted machining. The laser off-position auxiliary processing is divided into laser coaxial off-position auxiliary processing and laser non-coaxial off-position auxiliary processing:
the laser in-situ assistance coaxially arranges the optical path system and the cutting system, the laser energy coaxially passes through the cutter after being collimated and focused by the optical path system, and the laser energy acts on the workpiece material in situ by utilizing the light-permeable characteristic of the cutter material. In the existing laser in-situ auxiliary device, the emergent position of a laser beam depends on the incident angle and the position of the laser beam, the incident angle is adjusted by depending on the inclination angle of the laser surface of a cutter, and the incident position is adjusted by depending on a displacement adjusting platform. The cutter has high processing and sharpening quality and precise displacement adjustment of laser beams, and in order to meet different processing requirements, cutters with different parameters need to be replaced, so that the laser beams are inconvenient to adjust. In addition, in order to ensure light beam transmission, the interior of the knife handle and the knife rest are hollow, so that instability is easily caused in the machining process, the welding area of the knife handle and the knife is small, and the rigidity is insufficient.
In the existing device, after laser beams are shrunk or focused by an optical lens group, the laser beams are coaxially dislocated with a cutter to act on the surface of a workpiece. When the machining is carried out, the action position of the laser beam is convenient to adjust, but for cutters with different parameters, such as a negative rake angle cutter, the laser beam cannot accurately act on the machining position, and the incident angle of the laser beam cannot be adjusted.
In the existing device, a laser head is in spatial three-dimensional placement, and a laser beam is focused and then acts on the surface of a workpiece at any angle. When the device is used for machining, the action position of a laser beam is flexibly adjusted, but the laser energy is easily influenced by cutting scraps and cutting fluid in the machining process, interference is easily generated, and the machining quality of a workpiece is influenced.
The laser auxiliary processing device of the existing company B is used for laser in-situ auxiliary processing, a laser beam transversely enters a diamond tool bit through the inside of a tool holder, heating energy is directly applied to the inside of a tool and a processed material acting area, the interference effect of cutting fluid and cutting chips is avoided, and the laser auxiliary effect is more effective. However, because the optical-mechanical structure integration is carried out in the knife handle, the adjustment of the laser incidence angle is inflexible and inconvenient when the laser is incident in situ; and the hollow knife handle can cause the rigidity of the knife to be insufficient, and the instability phenomenon is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize mirror surface level processing of difficult-to-process materials in the field of ultra-precision processing. The ductile domain processing is realized on the difficult-to-process material. And solves the problems in the background described above. The invention provides the following technical scheme:
an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device, comprising: designing a tool rest structure and a laser light path;
the knife rest mounting base plate is a base of the device, is connected with the mounting cover plate to support the whole device, and is provided with main parts.
The tool rest is provided with a cover plate which ensures the positioning and clamping of the tool and the positioning and adjustment of the focusing lens 1.
The sleeve structure is used for positioning and clamping the cutter, clamping and adjusting the focusing lens 2 and protecting the transmission of laser beams.
When the laser beam passes through the cutter in situ, the position change of the incident point can affect the emergent position and direction of the laser beam, thereby affecting the processing quality. Therefore, the position of the laser beam needs to be precisely adjusted before processing, and the laser energy is guaranteed to efficiently act on the position of a workpiece required by processing, so that the laser adjusting module is arranged.
The reflector adjusting module aims at different parameters of cutters and different processing requirements, the incident angle and the incident position of a laser beam are different, and the reflector adjusting module is required to ensure that the angle and the position of the reflector can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted.
The focusing adjusting module is used for processing by using different cutters and different parameters, the required laser facula sizes are different, and therefore a certain adjustable range is required for the focusing lens so as to meet the processing requirements.
The first laser emission path is that after a laser beam 1 starts from a laser and is focused by a focusing lens 1, the laser beam acts on the surface of a workpiece coaxially and in a dislocated mode or acts on the surface of the workpiece in an original position (the original position is assisted by changing a cutter) through the cutter; the second laser emission path is that after the laser beam 2 is emitted by the laser, the laser is reflected by the reflector to the focusing mirror 2, the focusing mirror 2 focuses the laser and then the laser passes through the diamond cutter in situ at a certain angle from the bottom of the cutter.
The slide carriage mounting hole position of the tool rest mounting bottom plate is connected with a lathe slide carriage through an M12 bolt. A mounting plate bottom plate is fixed, a reflector adjusting module is mounted on the mounting plate through a displacement platform hole position on a tool rest mounting bottom plate, and the mounting plate is sequentially provided with X, Y-axis two displacement platforms, a connecting plate, two angle swing platforms, a reflector mounting seat and a reflector from bottom to top; secondly, the mounting base plate is fixedly connected with a laser mounting adjusting module through 4M 4 bolts through displacement platform holes on the mounting base plate, the mounting base plate comprises a X, Y-axis displacement platform, a trapezoidal sliding rail, a Z-axis displacement platform and a laser mounting plate 1 from bottom to top, and a laser mounting plate 2, the laser mounting plate 1 and the laser mounting plate 2 are connected through mounting plate connecting rods; finally, 4M 4 bolts are used for connecting the focusing mirror 2 adjusting module on the mounting base plate through the displacement platform hole on the mounting base plate for fastening connection, and an X, Y displacement platform, a connecting plate, a Z-axis displacement platform, a rotating platform and a focusing mirror mounting frame are arranged from bottom to top; after the laser adjusting module, the reflector adjusting module and the focusing mirror adjusting module are installed, the installation cover plate is fixedly connected with the installation bottom plate through 7M 4 bolts. And then the focusing lens 1 mounting seat with the focusing lens 1 mounted is mounted in the sleeve structure through a Z-axis direction fastening bolt and an X-axis direction fastening bolt. The cutter is arranged in a positioning groove on the device mounting cover plate, the upper surface of the cutter is matched with the cutter positioning groove in the sleeve structure, and the sleeve structure is connected with the mounting cover plate through 6M 4 bolts. And finally, the closing plate is respectively connected with the mounting bottom plate and the mounting cover plate through 6M 4 bolts.
The structure design is reasonable, and the structure is simple under the condition of realizing the function; the integration of laser in-situ assistance and laser off-position assistance is realized, the defect of simplification of the conventional laser auxiliary equipment is overcome, a foundation is laid for research work in the aspect of laser assistance, and compared with other laser auxiliary devices, the tool rest design is flexible in installation, convenient to move, flexible in adjustment and strong in applicability, and can be applied to different types of machine tools; the light path design realizes the oblique incidence of the laser and improves the utilization rate of the laser energy. The processing of the difficult-to-process material in the ductile region is further researched.
In an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: the tool rest mounting base plate is formed by processing an L-shaped plate, and a cutting surface at a certain angle is connected with the sealing plate, so that the interference of cutting fluid and cutting chips is avoided. The device comprises a plurality of mounting hole sites, an M12 bolt hole site connected with a lathe slide carriage, an M4 bolt mounting hole site of a displacement adjusting platform in an optical path system, an M4 bolt connecting hole site connected with a mounting cover plate and an M4 bolt mounting hole site connected with a device closing plate.
In an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: the knife rest mounting cover plate is formed by processing an L-shaped plate, and is cut at the same angle as the knife rest base plate. A cutter positioning groove is arranged in the mounting cover plate, and a cutter can horizontally move in the positioning groove; a sleeve positioning installation groove is processed, an M4 bolt connection hole site connected with the sleeve is connected with the bolt connection hole site, and the clamping of the cutter is realized through the bolt connection of the sleeve and the cover plate; a focusing mirror 1 mounting rack positioning groove and a height adjusting hole position are designed on the cover plate, and the mounting rack is clamped and adjusted by using bolts.
In an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: a cutter positioning groove is formed in the sleeve structure and is connected with the cutter frame mounting cover plate through an M4 bolt so as to clamp a cutter; a positioning groove of a mounting rack of the focusing lens 2 is arranged in the sleeve structure, the mounting rack is adjusted in height and horizontal direction through bolts to realize adjustment of the size and position of a focusing light spot, and a scale is marked at the positioning groove of the mounting rack, so that adjustment is facilitated; the sleeve structure is internally provided with a laser beam channel, the width of the laser beam channel is smaller than that of the cutter positioning groove, and the laser beam can coaxially act on a workpiece through the cutter in situ and can also coaxially act on the workpiece in the off-position mode of the cutter.
In the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: the bottom of the laser adjusting module is formed by two sliding tables which respectively control the displacement of an X shaft and a Y shaft, and the upper part of the sliding table is formed by a trapezoidal sliding rail and a sliding table which control the displacement of a Z shaft. For the removal that realizes laser instrument Z axle, laser instrument mounting panel 1 is connected with Z axle slip table, and laser instrument mounting panel 1 and laser instrument mounting panel 2 are connected through the installation version connecting rod. The mounting plate 1, the mounting plate 2 and the mounting plate connecting plate jointly form a laser fixing device.
In an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: the reflector adjusting module comprises a displacement platform, a connecting plate, a swinging platform and a reflector. The reflector cooperates with the cooling system to prevent heat distortion, and the device adopts an air cooling mode to rapidly transfer a large amount of heat brought by laser beam irradiation so as to ensure that the reflector can continuously and normally work.
In an integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device of the invention: the focusing mirror 1 is arranged in a mounting rack of the focusing mirror 1 and is fastened by using an M3 bolt. The mounting frame of the focusing mirror 1 is positioned in a positioning groove in the knife rest mounting cover plate and the cutter sleeve structure, and the height position and the horizontal position of the focusing mirror are adjusted through adjusting bolts on the mounting cover plate and the sleeve structure.
The laser beam 2 passing through the focusing mirror 2 is reflected by a reflecting mirror and then enters from the bottom of the tool holder at a certain angle. The bottom is composed of two sliding tables which are used for respectively controlling X, Y axis displacement, and the spatial position adjustment is carried out according to the difference of incidence points. The sliding table for controlling the Z-axis displacement is connected with the rotating platform for controlling the rotation of the focusing mirror through the connecting plate. And adjusting the angle according to the incident angle of the laser beam.
Compared with the prior art, the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device comprises a cutter structure design and a laser optical path system design, can adjust the incident position and the incident angle of laser according to a diamond cutter and processing requirements, and realizes the adjustment of the size and the position of a laser spot, and is convenient to adjust and install due to the adoption of a modular design; compared with the existing device, the device has the advantages that laser is obliquely incident from the bottom or is incident from the upper part of the tool shank when in processing, the light path is outside the tool, the brazing area of the tool shank and the diamond is large, the rigidity is enough, the instability phenomenon can not be caused, and the surface quality can not be influenced; when a difficult-to-machine material is machined, the laser in-situ auxiliary device improves the utilization rate of laser energy, makes the deformation of the material easier, reduces the cutting force, the cutting specific energy, the surface roughness, the surface damage and the cutter abrasion, and improves the machining efficiency; the device adopts an air cooling mode to rapidly transfer a large amount of heat brought by laser beam irradiation so as to ensure that the reflector can continuously and normally work; meanwhile, the sealing plate design is adopted to prevent the influence of cutting chips and cutting fluid on a laser light path, so that the quality of a processed surface is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tool holder mounting base plate
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tool holder mounting cover plate
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sleeve structure
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a laser adjustment module
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the focusing lens 2 adjustment module
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a reflection adjustment module
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of an adjustment module of the focusing lens 1
FIG. 8 is a left-to-right isometric view of a device assembly
FIG. 9 is a right-to-left isometric view of the device assembly
FIG. 10 is a right side view of the device assembly
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the apparatus assembly
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of laser beam transmission in the optical path system of the device
Detailed Description
Nowadays, materials (hard and brittle materials, high-temperature alloys, composite materials and the like) difficult to machine are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, aviation and military, automobile manufacturing and the like. Use as a component requires extremely high surface quality. However, when processing difficult-to-process materials, large cutting force, fast tool abrasion and low surface quality can occur. The simple traditional manufacturing process can not meet the requirements of the existing materials in various fields. Therefore, the combination of various laser assistance such as laser-assisted turning, laser-assisted milling, laser-assisted polishing and the like and the traditional processing method is introduced. Through laser auxiliary heating work piece, reach the purpose that the material softens, the processing territory characteristic of local change work piece lets difficult processing material process in the ductility territory, can reduce the cutting force, promotes surface quality integrality, reduces cutter wearing and tearing. However, the conventional laser-assisted turning device has the main defects of single function, low laser utilization rate, easiness in influence of chips and cutting fluid on laser energy in the machining process, easiness in interference and influence on the machining quality of workpieces. In some laser auxiliary devices, a laser beam cannot accurately act on a processing position, and the incident angle of the laser beam cannot be flexibly adjusted. The processing efficiency is low. In order to solve the problems, the invention particularly provides a device, and the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 9, and fig. 10, an integrated laser auxiliary device and an optical path design scheme are provided, and the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary device includes a tool holder mounting base plate, which is a base of the device, and is connected with a mounting cover plate to support the whole device, and mount major components. The tool rest is provided with a cover plate which ensures the positioning and clamping of the tool and the positioning and adjustment of the focusing lens 1. The sleeve structure is used for positioning and clamping the cutter, clamping and adjusting the focusing lens 2 and protecting the transmission of laser beams. And the laser adjusting module is used for precisely adjusting the incident position of the laser beam and ensuring that the laser energy is efficiently acted on the position of a workpiece required by processing. The reflector adjusting module aims at different parameters of cutters and different processing requirements, the incident angle and the incident position of a laser beam are different, and the reflector adjusting module is required to ensure that the angle and the position of the reflector can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted. The focusing adjusting module is used for processing by using different cutters and different parameters, the required laser facula sizes are different, and therefore a certain adjustable range is required for the focusing lens so as to meet the processing requirements. As shown in fig. 12, two laser incidence modes are designed, the first laser emission path is that after a laser beam 1 starts from a laser and is focused by a focusing lens 1, the laser beam passes through a cutter coaxially, in a dislocation way or in a normal position (the normal position is assisted by changing the cutter); the second laser emission path is that after the laser beam 2 is emitted by the laser, the laser beam is reflected by the reflecting mirror to the focusing mirror 2, the focusing mirror 2 focuses and then passes through the cutter in situ at a certain angle from the bottom of the cutter. The light path is coupled with the cutter, and the diamond cutter has light transmittance and further acts on the surface of the workpiece. And laser in-situ auxiliary turning is realized.
The carriage mounting hole site 102 of the tool rest mounting base plate is connected with a lathe carriage by using M12 bolts. A mounting plate bottom plate is fixed, a reflector adjusting module diagram 6 is mounted on the mounting plate through a displacement platform hole position on a tool rest mounting plate, and an X-axis displacement platform 801, a Y-axis displacement platform 802, a connecting plate 803, two angle swinging platforms 804, a reflector mounting seat 805 and a reflector 806 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; secondly, the mounting bottom plate is fixedly connected with a laser adjusting module through 4M 4 bolts through a displacement platform hole 101 on the mounting bottom plate, and an X-axis displacement platform 701, a Y-axis displacement platform 702, a trapezoidal sliding rail 706, a Z-axis displacement platform 705 and a laser mounting plate 1(707) are arranged from bottom to top, and the laser mounting plate 2(703), the laser mounting plate 1(707) and the laser mounting plate 2(703) are connected through a mounting plate connecting rod 704; finally, 4M 4 bolts are used for connecting a focusing mirror 2 adjusting module on the mounting base plate through a displacement platform hole 105 on the mounting base plate for fastening connection, and an X-axis displacement platform 306, a Y-axis displacement platform 307, a connecting plate, a Z-axis displacement platform 304, a rotating platform 303, a focusing mirror mounting frame 302, a focusing mirror mounting frame 2(301) and a focusing mirror 308 are arranged from bottom to top; after the laser adjusting module diagram 4, the reflector adjusting module diagram 6 and the focusing mirror adjusting module diagram 5 are installed, the installation cover plate is fixedly connected with the installation bottom plate through 7M 4 bolts. Then, the focusing lens 1 mounting base on which the focusing lens 1 is mounted in the sleeve structure diagram 3 through a Z-axis direction fastening bolt and an X-axis direction fastening bolt. The cutter is arranged in a positioning groove on the device mounting cover plate, the upper surface of the cutter is matched with the cutter positioning groove in the sleeve structure, and the sleeve structure is connected with the mounting cover plate through 6M 4 bolts. And finally, the closing plate is respectively connected with the mounting bottom plate and the mounting cover plate through 6M 4 bolts.
The working principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the laser adjusting module in fig. 4 realizes the movement of the X axis by controlling the sliding table 701, controls the movement of the Y axis by controlling the sliding table 702, and has the lower end of the trapezoidal sliding rail 706 connected with the sliding table 702 and the upper end connected with the sliding table 705. The Z-axis movement is controlled by the sliding table 705, and the mounting plate (1)703 and the mounting plate (2) 707 are connected by a mounting plate connecting rod 704 to form a laser coaxial fixing device together. The emission position of the laser is flexibly adjusted by controlling the sliding tables 701, 702 and 705.
Step two: fig. 5 is focusing lens 2 regulation module, realizes the X axle through control slip table 307 and removes, and control slip table 306 realizes the removal of Y axle, and slip table 304 and slip table 307 pass through connecting plate 305 and connect, and the displacement of slip table 304 control Z axle direction controls revolving stage 302 and then control 301 focusing lens mounting bracket 2 through slip table 303, realizes focusing lens 2's fine setting, and focusing lens 2 installs in focusing lens mounting bracket 2. The focusing mirror 2 can be roughly adjusted manually.
Step three: the movement of the X axis is controlled by the sliding table 801, the movement of the Y axis is controlled by the sliding table 802, the sliding table 802 and the swing table 804 are connected through the connecting plate 803, the angle of the reflector mounting seat 805 is adjusted by controlling the swing table 804, and the reflector mounting seat 805 is connected to the swing table 804. The mirror 806 is mounted on the mirror mount 805. The laser emitted by the laser is combined with the position of the tool nose to adjust the optimal incident angle through the sliding table 802, the swinging table 804 and the sliding table 801.
Step four: the focusing mirror (1)603 shown in fig. 7 is mounted on the focusing mirror mounting bracket (1)601 and clamped and fixed by a fastening bolt 602. The focusing mirror mounting frame (1)601 is installed in the positioning groove of the mounting cover plate in fig. 2 and the sleeve in fig. 3 (see fig. 8 for the specific assembly structure and the specific position for mounting cover plate 2 and sleeve 4), and the height position and the horizontal position of the focusing mirror are adjusted by the adjusting bolt (fig. 3(401) or fig. 2(201)) on the mounting cover plate in fig. 2 and the sleeve in fig. 3.
Step five: the mounting holes 103 of the mounting base of fig. 1 and the mounting cover mounting holes 204 of fig. 2 are assembled by 7M 4 bolts. And realizing the installation foundation of each module.
Step six: the mounting hole 401 of the sleeve of fig. 3 and the mounting hole 202 of the mounting cover plate of fig. 2 are assembled through 6M 4 bolts, so that the cutter is clamped.
Step seven: in FIG. 11, the sealing plate 10 is tightly connected with the mounting hole 104 of the mounting base plate in FIG. 1 and the mounting hole 203 of the mounting cover plate in FIG. 2 by 6M 4 bolts, and the sealing plate is used for avoiding interference of cutting fluid, cutting chips and the like on laser energy and influencing the quality of the machined surface of a workpiece
Step eight: fig. 12 shows the principle of optical path design, and in a first optical path design scheme, a laser 1001 emits laser, which passes through a focusing lens 1002, and is finally coupled by a diamond tool bit 1004, and the laser passes through the diamond tool due to the light permeability of the diamond tool and acts on a workpiece, so as to achieve the purpose of softening the material by laser and achieve laser in-situ assistance. The laser can emit laser through a laser 1001, and directly act on a workpiece through a focusing lens 1002 to soften the material. And laser off-position assistance is realized.
Step nine: fig. 12 shows the principle of optical path design, and a second optical path design scheme is that laser 1006 emits laser light, which passes through focusing lens 1005, finally passes through diamond tool bit 1004, and passes through the diamond tool in situ to act on the workpiece by utilizing the light permeability of the diamond tool, so as to achieve the purpose of laser softening the material.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized by comprising a tool rest structure design and a laser optical path system design:
the tool rest structure is designed to have the functions of mounting and positioning parts of an optical path system and clamping and positioning a cutter. The tool rest structure of the device has the advantages of flexible design and installation, convenient movement, flexible adjustment and strong applicability, and can be applied to different types of machine tools. The tool rest structural design comprises a tool rest mounting bottom plate structural design, a tool rest mounting cover plate structural design and a sleeve structural design;
the invention relates to a laser light path system design.A device of the invention designs two laser incidence modes, wherein the first laser emission path is that a laser beam 1 starts from a laser and is focused by a focusing mirror 1, and then the laser beam is coaxially and dislocated to act on a workpiece or passes through a cutter in situ (the in situ assistance is realized by changing the cutter); the second laser emission path is that after the laser beam 2 is emitted by the laser, the laser beam is reflected to the focusing mirror 2 by the reflecting mirror, the focusing mirror 2 focuses the laser beam, and then the laser beam passes through the cutter in situ at a certain angle from the bottom of the cutter. In order to meet the requirements of adjusting the height and the angle of a light beam and adjusting the size and the position of a light spot in the transmission process of the laser beam, the design of a laser light path system also comprises the design of a laser adjusting module, the design of a reflection adjusting module and the design of a focusing adjusting module;
the knife rest mounting base plate is a base of the device, is connected with the mounting cover plate to support the whole device, and is provided with main parts.
The tool rest is provided with a cover plate which ensures the positioning and clamping of the tool and the positioning and adjustment of the focusing lens 1.
The sleeve structure is designed to position and clamp the cutter, clamp and adjust the focusing lens 2 and protect the transmission of the laser beam.
When the laser beam passes through the cutter in situ, the position change of the incident point can affect the emergent position and direction of the laser beam, thereby affecting the processing quality. Therefore, the position of the laser beam needs to be precisely adjusted before processing, and the laser energy is guaranteed to efficiently act on the position of a workpiece required by processing, so that the laser adjusting module is arranged.
The reflector adjusting module aims at different parameters of cutters and different processing requirements, the incident angle and the incident position of a laser beam are different, and the reflector adjusting module is required to ensure that the angle and the position of the reflector can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted.
The focusing adjusting module is used for processing by using different cutters and different parameters, the required laser facula sizes are different, and the requirement needs to meet the processing requirement by means of a certain adjustable range of the focusing lens.
2. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
The tool rest mounting base plate is formed by processing an L-shaped plate, and a cutting surface at a certain angle is connected with the sealing plate, so that the interference of cutting fluid and cutting chips is avoided. The device comprises a plurality of mounting hole sites, an M12 bolt hole site connected with a lathe slide carriage, an M4 bolt mounting hole site of a displacement adjusting platform in an optical path system, an M4 bolt connecting hole site connected with a mounting cover plate and an M4 bolt mounting hole site connected with a device closing plate.
3. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
The knife rest mounting cover plate is formed by processing an L-shaped plate, and is cut at the same angle as the knife rest base plate. A cutter positioning groove is arranged in the mounting cover plate, and a cutter can horizontally move in the positioning groove; a sleeve positioning installation groove is processed, an M4 bolt connection hole site connected with the sleeve is processed, and the clamping of the cutter is realized through the bolt connection of the sleeve and the cover plate; a focusing mirror 1 mounting rack positioning groove and a height adjusting hole position are designed on the cover plate, and the mounting rack is clamped and adjusted by using bolts.
4. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
A cutter positioning groove is formed in the sleeve and is connected with the cutter frame mounting cover plate through an M4 bolt so as to clamp a cutter; the positioning groove of the mounting frame of the focusing lens 2 is arranged in the sleeve, the mounting frame is adjusted in height and horizontal direction through bolts to realize adjustment of the size and position of a focusing light spot, and a scale is marked at the positioning groove of the mounting frame to facilitate adjustment; the sleeve is internally provided with a laser beam channel, the width of the laser beam channel is smaller than that of the cutter positioning groove, and the laser beam can coaxially act on a workpiece in situ through the cutter and can also coaxially act on the workpiece in an off-position mode of the cutter.
5. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
The bottom of the laser adjusting module is formed by two sliding tables which respectively control the displacement of an X shaft and a Y shaft, and the upper part of the sliding table is formed by a trapezoidal sliding rail and a sliding table which control the displacement of a Z shaft. For the removal that realizes laser instrument Z axle, laser instrument mounting panel 1 is connected with Z axle slip table, and laser instrument mounting panel 1 and laser instrument mounting panel 2 are connected through the installation version connecting rod. The mounting plate 1, the mounting plate 2 and the mounting plate connecting plate jointly form a laser fixing device.
6. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
The reflector adjusting module comprises a displacement platform, a connecting plate, a swinging platform and a reflector. The reflector cooperates with the cooling system to prevent heat distortion, and the device adopts an air cooling mode to rapidly transfer a large amount of heat brought by laser beam irradiation so as to ensure that the reflector can continuously and normally work.
7. The integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device is characterized in that
The focusing mirror 1 is arranged in a mounting rack of the focusing mirror 1 and is fastened by using an M3 bolt. The mounting frame of the focusing mirror 1 is positioned in a positioning groove in the knife rest mounting cover plate and the sleeve structure, and the height position and the horizontal position of the focusing mirror are adjusted through adjusting bolts on the mounting cover plate and the sleeve structure.
The laser beam 2 passing through the focusing mirror 2 is reflected by the reflecting mirror and then enters from the bottom of the tool holder at a certain angle. The bottom is composed of two sliding tables which are used for respectively controlling X, Y axis displacement, and the spatial position adjustment is carried out according to the difference of incidence points. The sliding table for controlling the Z-axis displacement is connected with the rotating platform for controlling the rotation of the focusing mirror through the connecting plate. And adjusting the angle according to the incident angle of the laser beam.
Focusing mirror 2 is installed in focusing mirror mounting bracket 2, and focusing mirror mounting bracket connects and rotates the adjustment that the platform realized the angle, and what be connected with rotating the platform is the slip table of control rotation platform Z axle displacement, and the bottommost is the slip table of controlling X, Y diaxon displacement respectively, and the slip table of control Z axle and the slip table of control Y axle pass through L type connecting plate and connect.
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| CN202110114312.5A CN114799543A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Integrated laser in-situ auxiliary turning device |
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| CN115255933A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-01 | 长春理工大学重庆研究院 | Integrated laser-assisted diamond rolling device |
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