CN114799074A - Iron liquid prefiltering purifier - Google Patents
Iron liquid prefiltering purifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114799074A CN114799074A CN202210754476.9A CN202210754476A CN114799074A CN 114799074 A CN114799074 A CN 114799074A CN 202210754476 A CN202210754476 A CN 202210754476A CN 114799074 A CN114799074 A CN 114799074A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- box
- sand
- casting
- sand mold
- cavity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
- B22C9/086—Filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an iron liquid pre-filtering and purifying device, which belongs to the technical field of casting equipment and comprises an upper box sand mold and a lower box sand mold which are vertically matched through a positioning structure, wherein the middle parts of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are correspondingly provided with casting channels, the casting channels of the upper box sand mold can be connected with a sprue cup, and the casting channels of the lower box sand mold are aligned with a sprue capable of casting a sand box; and a filtering assembly is arranged between the casting channels of the upper sand box and the lower sand box. Through the filtering component between the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold casting channel, the oxidizing slag in the molten iron is pre-filtered, the purity of the molten iron can be effectively improved, and the casting quality is further improved. The invention adopts the pre-filtering outside the casting sand box, so the casting sand box is not influenced by the casting structure and the size of the sand box, the molten iron filtering amount can be flexibly adjusted according to the product requirement, and the casting sand box has the advantages of simple structure, wide application, high efficiency and the like, and is particularly suitable for the production requirement of large and medium castings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of casting equipment, and particularly relates to an iron liquid pre-filtering and purifying device.
Background
In the casting production process, the purity of molten iron directly concerns the final quality of castings, so filtration and purification are mostly needed before molten iron casting and forming, and the problem that the conventional molten iron filtering device has a large area, and some castings are limited by a size structure and cannot be filtered in a sand box is considered. After the liquid iron is spheroidized, vermicular or inoculated, a lot of oxidizing slag appears, so that the liquid iron needs to be filtered before casting. At present, slag removing agents are generally used for gathering slag and then manually cleaning the slag, but slag inclusions in molten iron cannot be completely removed, and serious quality defects are still brought to products when the residual slag inclusions and slag inclusions gradually melted on the ladle wall enter castings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iron liquid pre-filtering and purifying device, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, slag inclusion in iron liquid is not thoroughly cleaned, and residual slag inclusion enters a casting to influence the product quality.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the iron liquid pre-filtering and purifying device comprises an upper box sand mold and a lower box sand mold, wherein the peripheries of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are vertically matched through a positioning structure; the middle parts of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are correspondingly provided with casting channels, the casting channels of the upper box sand mold can be connected with the pouring cup, and the casting channels of the lower box sand mold are aligned with the pouring gate of the casting sand box; and a filtering assembly is arranged between the casting channels of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold and is used for filtering the oxidizing slag in the molten iron.
Preferably, the positioning structure comprises a mould assembling spigot and a mould assembling limiting table, the mould assembling spigot is arranged on the periphery of the lower mould and close to the edge of the lower mould, the mould assembling limiting table is arranged on the periphery of the upper mould and close to the edge of the upper mould, and the mould assembling limiting table can be arranged in the mould assembling spigot; the filtering component is arranged on the inner side of the positioning structure.
Preferably, the mould assembling seam allowance is a rectangular groove connected end to end, and the mould assembling limit table is a rectangular boss matched with the mould assembling limit table.
Preferably, the filter assembly comprises refractory bricks and filter screens, the refractory bricks are arranged between the casting channels of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold, and the filter screens are arranged around the refractory bricks; an upper cavity is arranged on the inner side surface of the upper sand box, a lower cavity corresponding to the upper cavity is arranged on the inner side surface of the lower sand box, the filter screen is arranged between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the peripheral edge of the filter screen is embedded in a clamping groove between the upper cavity and the lower cavity; the upper cavity is communicated with an internal outlet of a casting channel of the upper sand box mold, the lower cavity is communicated with an internal inlet of a casting channel of the lower sand box mold, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are respectively arranged on the periphery of the casting channel.
Preferably, support tables are arranged around the inlet of the casting channel of the lower box sand mold, the edges of the refractory bricks, which are butted with the filter screen, are arranged on the support tables, the support tables are of an intermittent structure, and a flow channel for molten iron to pass through is arranged between the adjacent support tables; the clamping groove is arranged on the peripheral edge of the lower cavity.
Preferably, four rectangular cross runners are formed in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the four cross runners are arranged in a cross shape; the filter screen is divided into four rectangular filter screens matched with the cross runners.
Preferably, the inner casting channels and the inner walls of the cross runners of the upper sand box and the lower sand box are coated with refractory coatings.
Preferably, the edge size of the refractory brick is larger than the width of the filter screen connected with the refractory brick, the inner side surfaces of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are respectively provided with an internal corner matched with the corner of the refractory brick at the corner between every two adjacent cross runners, and the junction of the adjacent cross runners of the upper cavity and the lower cavity is provided with an external corner corresponding to the internal corner.
Preferably, ceramic tubes are arranged in the casting channels of the upper sand box and the lower sand box, the ceramic tubes in the upper sand box are connected with the outlet of the pouring cup, and the outlet of the ceramic tubes in the lower sand box is connected with the pouring gate of the casting sand box.
Preferably, hanging handles for hoisting are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the upper sand box and the lower sand box.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the casting passage is correspondingly arranged in the middle of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold which are matched up and down, the filtering component is arranged between the casting passages of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold, molten iron enters the casting passage of the upper box sand mold along the sprue cup during casting, oxide slag in the molten iron can be pre-filtered by the filtering component, the purity of the molten iron can be effectively improved, and the filtered and purified molten iron enters the sprue of the casting sand box through the casting passage of the lower box sand mold, so that the casting quality is improved. The invention adopts the pre-filtration outside the casting sand box, so the invention is not influenced by the casting structure and the size of the sand box, the molten iron filtration quantity can be flexibly adjusted according to the product requirement, and the invention has the advantages of simple structure, wide application, high efficiency and the like, and is particularly suitable for the production requirement of large and medium castings.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a pre-filtering and purifying apparatus for molten iron;
FIG. 2 is a half sectional view of an apparatus for prefiltering and purifying molten iron in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the inner side of the upper sand mold of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the formation of the upper and lower runners of the filter assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the filter assembly and cross runner in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-upper box sand mould, 2-lower box sand mould, 3-box closing spigot, 4-box closing limit table, 5-refractory brick, 6-filter screen, 7-upper cavity, 8-lower cavity, 9-clamping groove, 10-support table, 11-internal corner, 12-external corner, 13-ceramic tube, 14-hanging handle and 15-cross pouring channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the iron liquid pre-filtering and purifying device provided by the invention comprises an upper box sand mold 1 and a lower box sand mold 2, wherein the peripheries of the upper box sand mold 1 and the lower box sand mold 2 are vertically matched through a positioning structure; the middle parts of the upper sand box 1 and the lower sand box 2 are correspondingly provided with casting channels, the casting channels of the upper sand box 1 can be connected with a pouring cup, and the casting channels of the lower sand box 2 are aligned with a pouring gate of a casting sand box; and a filtering component is arranged between the casting channels of the upper sand box 1 and the lower sand box 2 and is used for filtering the oxidizing slag in the molten iron. By adopting the scheme, the iron liquid can be pre-filtered outside the casting sand box, so that the iron liquid is subjected to one-time purification treatment before casting and forming, and the purity of the iron liquid can be effectively improved.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2-4, the positioning structure includes a mold assembling seam allowance 3 and a mold assembling limit table 4, the mold assembling seam allowance 3 is disposed around the lower mold 2 and near the edge thereof, the mold assembling limit table 4 is disposed around the upper mold 1 and near the edge thereof, and the mold assembling limit table 4 can be disposed in the mold assembling seam allowance 3; the filtering component is arranged on the inner side of the positioning structure. During specific manufacturing, the mould assembling spigot 3 is a rectangular groove connected end to end, and the mould assembling limit table 4 is a rectangular boss matched with the mould assembling limit table. The upper box sand mold 1 and the lower box sand mold 2 realize mutual positioning of the upper box sand mold 1 and the lower box sand mold 2 by means of matching of the box closing spigot 3 and the box closing limiting table 4 when in box closing, ensure that the upper and lower casting channels correspond to each other without dislocation, and can effectively prevent the casting process from generating fire running.
As a preferable scheme, as shown in fig. 2-4, the filter assembly comprises refractory bricks 5 and a filter screen 6, wherein the refractory bricks 5 are arranged between the casting channels of the upper sand box 1 and the lower sand box 2, and the filter screen 6 is arranged around the refractory bricks 5; an upper cavity 7 is arranged on the inner side surface of the upper sand box 1, a lower cavity 8 corresponding to the upper cavity 7 is arranged on the inner side surface of the lower sand box 2, the filter screen 6 is arranged between the upper cavity 7 and the lower cavity 8, and the peripheral edge of the filter screen 6 is embedded in a clamping groove 9 between the upper cavity 7 and the lower cavity 8; the upper cavity 7 is communicated with an internal outlet of a casting channel of the upper sand box 1, the lower cavity 8 is communicated with an internal inlet of a casting channel of the lower sand box 2, and the upper cavity 7 and the lower cavity 8 are respectively arranged on the periphery of the casting channel. And molten iron enters the upper cavity from the casting channel of the upper box sand mold, flows through the filter screens around to enter the lower cavity of the lower box sand mold through refractory bricks, and is finally injected into the casting sand box from the casting channel of the lower box sand mold, so that the product casting process is completed.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, support tables 10 are arranged around the inlet of the casting channel of the lower box sand mold 2, the edges of the refractory bricks 5, which are butted with the filter screen 6, are arranged on the support tables 10, the support tables 10 are of an intermittent structure, and a flow channel for molten iron to pass through is arranged between the adjacent support tables 10; the clamping groove 9 is arranged on the peripheral edge of the lower cavity 8. The supporting table in the structure is adopted to provide a supporting function for the refractory bricks and the filter screen.
As shown in fig. 5, four rectangular runners 15 are formed in the upper cavity 7 and the lower cavity 8, and the four runners 15 are arranged in a cross shape; the filter screen 6 is divided into four rectangular filter screens matched with the cross runners. During specific manufacturing, the edge size of the refractory brick 5 is larger than the width of the filter screen 6 connected with the refractory brick, the inner side surfaces of the upper box sand mold 1 and the lower box sand mold 2 are respectively provided with an internal corner 11 matched with the corner of the refractory brick 5 at the corner between every two adjacent cross runners, and the junction of the adjacent cross runners of the upper cavity 7 and the lower cavity 8 is provided with an external corner 12 corresponding to the internal corner 11, as shown in fig. 2. In particular, the four support tables may be disposed at the middle of the inlets of the four runners of the lower chamber 8, as shown in fig. 4.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-3, ceramic pipes 13 are arranged in the casting channels of the upper sand box 1 and the lower sand box 2, the ceramic pipes 13 in the upper sand box 1 are connected with the outlet of the pouring cup, and the outlet of the ceramic pipes 13 in the lower sand box 2 is connected with the pouring gate of the casting sand box. By adopting the structure, the strength of the casting channel can be improved, and the casting channel is prevented from being damaged by molten iron in the casting process.
In order to facilitate the hoisting of the upper sand box and the lower sand box, the outer side surfaces of the upper sand box 1 and the lower sand box 2 are respectively provided with a hoisting handle 14 for hoisting.
The upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are respectively manufactured by an upper box mold and a lower box mold, and after the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are manufactured, the inner casting channels and the inner walls of the cross runners of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are coated with refractory coatings. Before manufacturing, mounting ceramic tubes at the middle casting channels of an upper box mold and a lower box mold in advance, and painting refractory paint on the inner casting channels and the inner walls of cross runners after the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are manufactured; then, installing refractory bricks and a filter screen in the lower box sand mold, and finally hoisting the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold to position and mould assembling; after the boxes are combined, the device is hoisted and placed on a casting sand box, so that a ceramic pipe opening of a lower box sand mold is aligned with a sprue of the casting sand box, and a sprue cup is placed above the device, so that the function of filtering outside the box can be realized.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenient operation and good filtering effect, can effectively realize the purification of molten iron, is independently designed, does not need to be embedded into a casting sand box, has flexible and adjustable filtering area according to the casting requirement, high working efficiency and wide application, and is particularly suitable for the production requirement of large and medium castings.
In the description above, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an iron liquid prefiltration purifier which characterized in that: the sand box comprises an upper sand box and a lower sand box, wherein the peripheries of the upper sand box and the lower sand box are vertically matched through a positioning structure; the middle parts of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are correspondingly provided with casting channels, the casting channels of the upper box sand mold can be connected with the pouring cup, and the casting channels of the lower box sand mold are aligned with the pouring gate of the casting sand box; a filtering component is arranged between the casting channels of the upper sand box and the lower sand box and is used for filtering oxidizing slag in molten iron; the positioning structure comprises a mould assembling spigot and a mould assembling limiting table, the mould assembling spigot is arranged on the periphery of the lower mould and close to the edge of the lower mould, the mould assembling limiting table is arranged on the periphery of the upper mould and close to the edge of the upper mould, and the mould assembling limiting table can be arranged in the mould assembling spigot; the filter assembly is arranged on the inner side of the positioning structure; the mould assembling seam allowance is a rectangular groove connected end to end, and the mould assembling limit table is a rectangular boss matched with the mould assembling limit table; the filter assembly comprises refractory bricks and filter screens, the refractory bricks are arranged between the casting channels of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold, and the filter screens are arranged around the refractory bricks; an upper cavity is arranged on the inner side surface of the upper sand box, a lower cavity corresponding to the upper cavity is arranged on the inner side surface of the lower sand box, the filter screen is arranged between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the peripheral edge of the filter screen is embedded in a clamping groove between the upper cavity and the lower cavity; the upper cavity is communicated with an internal outlet of a casting channel of the upper sand box, the lower cavity is communicated with an internal inlet of a casting channel of the lower sand box, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are respectively arranged on the periphery of the casting channel.
2. The iron liquid prefiltering purification apparatus of claim 1, wherein: supporting tables are arranged around the inlet of the casting channel of the lower box sand mold, the edges of the refractory bricks, which are butted with the filter screen, are arranged on the supporting tables, the supporting tables are of an intermittent structure, and a flow passage for molten iron to pass through is arranged between the adjacent supporting tables; the clamping groove is arranged on the peripheral edge of the lower cavity.
3. The iron liquid prefiltering purification apparatus of claim 2, wherein: four rectangular cross runners are formed in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the four cross runners are arranged in a cross shape; the filter screen is divided into four rectangular filter screens matched with the cross runners.
4. The iron liquid prefiltering purification apparatus of claim 3, wherein: and fireproof coatings are coated on the inner casting channels and the inner walls of the cross runners of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold.
5. The iron liquid prefiltering purification apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the edge size of the refractory brick is larger than the width of the filter screen connected with the refractory brick, the inner side surfaces of the upper box sand mold and the lower box sand mold are respectively provided with an internal corner matched with the corner of the refractory brick at the corner between every two adjacent cross runners, and the junction of the adjacent cross runners of the upper cavity and the lower cavity is provided with an external corner corresponding to the internal corner.
6. The iron liquid pre-filtering purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: ceramic tubes are arranged in the casting channels of the upper sand box and the lower sand box, the ceramic tubes in the upper sand box are connected with the outlet of the sprue cup, and the outlet of the ceramic tubes of the lower sand box is connected with the sprue of the casting sand box.
7. The iron liquid prefiltering purification apparatus of claim 6, wherein: and hanging handles for hoisting are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the upper sand box and the lower sand box.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210754476.9A CN114799074B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Iron liquid prefiltering purifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210754476.9A CN114799074B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Iron liquid prefiltering purifier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114799074A true CN114799074A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
| CN114799074B CN114799074B (en) | 2022-09-02 |
Family
ID=82523291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210754476.9A Active CN114799074B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Iron liquid prefiltering purifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114799074B (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104815962A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 共享装备有限公司 | Molten iron filtering apparatus for casting |
| CN108526406A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-14 | 房县忠意设备有限公司 | A kind of application method of foundry cast iron ceramic water strainer |
| CN109530630A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-29 | 广东富华铸锻有限公司 | Five spoke barrel casting molds of one kind and five spoke barrel manufacturing methods |
| CN111702134A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽恒明工程技术有限公司 | Casting mould of aluminum piston |
| CN114210931A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 大连华锐重工铸业有限公司 | Ductile iron pouring system with filtering and positioning device and using method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-06-30 CN CN202210754476.9A patent/CN114799074B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104815962A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-08-05 | 共享装备有限公司 | Molten iron filtering apparatus for casting |
| CN108526406A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-14 | 房县忠意设备有限公司 | A kind of application method of foundry cast iron ceramic water strainer |
| CN109530630A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-29 | 广东富华铸锻有限公司 | Five spoke barrel casting molds of one kind and five spoke barrel manufacturing methods |
| CN111702134A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-25 | 安徽恒明工程技术有限公司 | Casting mould of aluminum piston |
| CN114210931A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 大连华锐重工铸业有限公司 | Ductile iron pouring system with filtering and positioning device and using method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114799074B (en) | 2022-09-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112024825B (en) | Pouring cup for lost foam casting | |
| CN111136256A (en) | Molten steel continuous casting equipment and continuous casting method | |
| CN114799074B (en) | Iron liquid prefiltering purifier | |
| CN208929203U (en) | A kind of bottom pour ladle | |
| CN215144663U (en) | Improved generation pushing off slag ladle structure | |
| CN209778962U (en) | Aluminum liquid purification device | |
| CN215315530U (en) | Prevent gating system of foundry goods starvation | |
| CN217895456U (en) | Microorganism leaching impurity removal device for fused quartz sand for glass ceramics | |
| CN1280040C (en) | Investment casting ceramic mould shell containing filter of golf head and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN209945006U (en) | Novel double-chamber furnace for casting aluminum and aluminum alloy | |
| CN213437111U (en) | Low-pressure casting device for gypsum mold investment casting | |
| CN207982252U (en) | Wheel disc mold | |
| CN209033883U (en) | A kind of fondant filter of glass laminating film | |
| CN220612302U (en) | Filter type continuous casting long nozzle | |
| CN111715874A (en) | Filter type continuous casting long nozzle | |
| CN216858219U (en) | Automobile brake disc pouring ladle | |
| CN219598010U (en) | Casting filter residue pouring cup | |
| CN2333464Y (en) | Continuous casting pouring basket turbulence-proof portition | |
| CN206392820U (en) | Siphon transfer pipe is used in a kind of aluminium alloy purification | |
| CN219111127U (en) | Dust collection device of ladle slag line repairing material storage bin | |
| CN217452119U (en) | Large-scale casting and forging spare is with pouring device | |
| CN216409726U (en) | Efficient smelting device for ductile iron castings | |
| CN218134935U (en) | Integrally formed seat bag for pouring | |
| CN208050924U (en) | A kind of moulding casting equipment | |
| CN210602767U (en) | High-temperature melting device for secondary silicon material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |