CN114773270A - 一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法 - Google Patents
一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- BXBHZLHTTHMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1h-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C(=O)OC)=CC2=N1 BXBHZLHTTHMUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/24—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
- C07C53/08—Acetic acid
- C07C53/10—Salts thereof
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了二丙酸咪唑苯脲及其中间体的生产制备方法。本方法以间硝基苯甲腈为起始原料,先在硫化钠的催化下与乙二胺反应,然后在氯化铁和活性炭的催化下经水合肼还原,最后在丙酸中与尿素缩合制得二丙酸咪唑苯脲。该方法原料易得,操作简单,绿色环保,成本低廉,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,属于化学制药技术领域。
背景技术
梨形虫病是一类经硬蜱传播,由梨形虫纲巴贝斯科或泰勒科原虫引起的血液原虫病的总称,通常在家畜以及野生哺乳动物中传播,在世界很多国家包括中国都很流行,对世界畜牧业及世界经济造成了极大损失。取代基皆为氢的均二苯脲类联眯化合物咪唑苯脲(化学名为N,N'-二[3-(4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基]脲),为新一代最佳的抗梨形虫药物,其具有广谱、低毒、应用范围广、剂量小等优点,不但有很好的治疗作用,并且在体内存留时间长,具有很好的预防效果。其化学结构如下:
目前合成咪唑苯脲的方法主要包括:(1)以间硝基苯甲酸乙酯为原料,在三甲基铝存在下与乙二胺反应,然后用水合肼还原硝基,最后与光气缩合。该路线中间硝基苯甲酸乙酯及三甲基铝比较贵,光气是剧毒气体,三废较多,不适合工业化生产。(2)以间硝基苯甲酸为原料,通过钯碳加氢还原合成间氨基苯甲酸,与氢氧化钠生成钠盐,再与乙二胺的二盐酸盐环合,最后与尿素缩合。该路线需要高压氢化反应,与乙二胺的盐酸盐的环合需要高温固固反应,操作复杂,不利于工业化生产。(3)以苯甲腈为原料,经硝化,与乙二胺成环,铁粉还原,与双光气缩合生成咪唑苯脲。该路线采用硫磺作催化剂回流时会有升华硫在冷凝管凝结,从而堵塞冷凝管,铁粉还原产生大量铁泥,污染环境,并且双光气毒性大,不符合绿色合成理念且不适合工业化生产。(4)以间硝基苯甲腈为原料,在硫化钠催化下与乙二胺反应,然后在钯碳催化下经甲酸铵还原,最后在稀盐酸中与尿素缩合生成二盐酸咪唑苯脲。该方法为本课题组开发,在放大过程中发现钯碳无法套用,导致成本上升;最后一步缩合反应在生产中有盐酸气生成,后处理也有大量废水产生,也会导致成本上升。
发明内容
本发明主要是针对现有技术的不足,提出了一种适用于工业化生产的二丙酸咪唑苯脲的合成方法。本方法以间硝基苯甲腈为起始原料,先在硫化钠的催化下与乙二胺反应,然后在氯化铁和活性炭的催化下经水合肼还原,最后在丙酸中与尿素缩合制得二丙酸咪唑苯脲。制备过程更加适用于工业化生产,对环境更友好,后处理简单,总收率和纯度更高。
一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以间硝基苯甲腈为起始原料,在硫化钠的催化下与乙二胺反应,制得2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉。
步骤2:2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉在FeCl3/C的催化下,经水合肼还原,制得2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉。
步骤3:2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉在丙酸中与尿素缩合,制得二丙酸咪唑苯脲。
具体合成反应路线为:
具体的,所述步骤1中所采用的催化剂为硫化钠,其用量为化合物2摩尔数的0.2-1倍,优选0.5倍。
所述步骤2中所采用的催化剂为氯化铁和活性炭,其中氯化铁用量为化合物3重量的0.01-0.1倍,优选0.02倍;活性炭用量为化合物3的0.03-0.2倍,优选0.1倍;水合肼用量为化合物3摩尔数的1.5-2倍,优选1.6倍。
所述步骤3中所用溶剂为丙酸,反应温度为110℃至回流,其中优选120℃~130℃;尿素和2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉的摩尔比为0.5~0.8,其中优选0.6。
本工艺与文献报道方法相比有如下优点:
1、步骤2中以FeCl3/C为催化剂代替了昂贵的钯碳,不仅提高了生产的安全性,而且大大降低了生产成本。
2、步骤3中,避免了使用毒性较大的光气,且溶剂可以回收利用,减少了废液的生成。不仅更加环保,而且还降低了生产成本。
3、本工艺所使用的溶剂均可回收利用,无苛刻条件反应,适合工业化生产,符合绿色合成理念。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
化合物3的合成
将甲醇(800kg)抽入2000L反应釜中,开启搅拌,加入间硝基苯甲腈(100kg,676mol),硫化钠(26.4kg,338mol)和乙二胺(48.7kg,812mol),开启蒸汽,升温至回流。回流反应8h,趁热压滤,开启结晶釜搅拌和盐水,降温至-5℃~0℃,搅拌析晶2h,离心,滤饼用冷甲醇淋洗,所得产品真空干燥,得淡黄色固体2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉121.6kg,收率94.2%,产品纯度99.30%。
实施例2
化合物4的合成
将正丁醇(810kg)抽入2000L反应釜中,开启搅拌,加入化合物3(100kg,524mol),氯化铁(2kg),活性炭(10kg),开启蒸汽,升温至70℃~80℃,滴加80%水合肼(52.4kg,838.4mol),滴毕,回流反应1h,趁热压滤,开启结晶釜搅拌和盐水,降温至0℃~5℃,离心,滤饼用正丁醇淋洗,所得产品真空干燥,得类白色至白色固体2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉60.7kg,收率72%,产品纯度96.99%。
实施例3
二丙酸咪唑苯脲的合成
将丙酸(200kg)抽入500L反应釜中,开启搅拌,加入化合物4(50kg,310.5mol),尿素(11.2kg,186.3mol),开启蒸汽,升温至120℃~130℃,保温反应8h。反应完毕,开启循环水,降温至30℃~40℃,抽入丙酮(160kg),25℃~35℃搅拌2h,离心,滤饼用丙酮淋洗,所得产品真空干燥,得白色固体二丙酸咪唑苯脲66.2kg,收率86%,纯度99.64%。
Claims (4)
1.一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:以间硝基苯甲腈为起始原料,以甲醇做反应溶剂,在硫化钠的催化下与乙二胺回流反应8h,冰盐水降温至0~5℃析晶,离心,干燥,制得2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉;
步骤2:2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉在FeCl3/C的催化下,以正丁醇做溶剂,于70℃~80℃使用蠕动泵滴加水合肼,回流反应1h,使用冰盐水降温至0~5℃,离心,干燥,制得2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉;
步骤3:2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉在丙酸中与尿素缩合,于120℃~130℃反应8h,循环水降温析晶,丙酮打浆,离心,干燥,制得二丙酸咪唑苯脲。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中所用溶剂为C1~C3类醇,其中优选甲醇;反应温度为回流;催化剂为硫化物,其中优选硫化钠,硫化钠和间硝基苯甲腈的摩尔比为0.2~1.0,其中优选0.5;间硝基苯甲腈和乙二胺的摩尔比为1:1~1:1.5,其中优选1:1.2。
3.根据权利要求书1所述的一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中所用溶剂为正丁醇;反应温度为回流;催化剂为氯化铁和活性炭,氯化铁和2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉的重量比为0.01~0.1;其中优选0.02;活性炭和2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉重量比为0.03~0.2,其中优选0.1;水合肼的滴加方式为使用蠕动泵滴加,滴加温度70℃~80℃,为水合肼和2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉的摩尔比为1.5~2.0,其中优选1.6。
4.根据权利要求书1所述的一种二丙酸咪唑苯脲的生产制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中所用溶剂为丙酸,反应温度为110℃至回流,其中优选120℃~130℃;尿素和2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑啉的摩尔比为0.5~0.8,其中优选0.6。
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