CN114753890A - Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114753890A CN114753890A CN202210456885.0A CN202210456885A CN114753890A CN 114753890 A CN114753890 A CN 114753890A CN 202210456885 A CN202210456885 A CN 202210456885A CN 114753890 A CN114753890 A CN 114753890A
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- dry gas
- channel
- gas seal
- pressure
- turbine
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage monitoring method thereof, which can improve the monitoring precision of the leakage of the dry gas seal. The dry gas seal mounting seat is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel along the radial direction, the first channel penetrates through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal along the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than the medium pressure and higher than the atmospheric pressure, the third channel is communicated with the containing cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat along the radial direction and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the containing cavity, the high-pressure isolation gas pressure is higher than the medium pressure, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel, the second channel serves as a dry gas seal leakage channel, and the second channel is connected with a flow sensor and monitors the dry gas seal leakage amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of supercritical carbon dioxide turbines, in particular to a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage monitoring method thereof.
Background
The dry gas seal is a new non-contact seal developed by radically improving mechanical seal on the basis of a gas dynamic pressure bearing in the late 60 th of 20 th century, and the dry gas seal is firstly developed for solving the problem of shaft end seal of a high-speed centrifugal compressor, has small seal power consumption which is about 5 percent of that of the contact type mechanical seal due to the non-contact operation of the seal, is particularly suitable for being used as the shaft end seal of high-speed and high-pressure equipment, and has far lower leakage rate than the traditional sparse tooth seal due to small clearance of a moving ring and a static ring during the operation. With the increasing maturity of the technology, the application range of the dry gas seal is wider and wider.
When the dry gas seal is in normal operation or has small friction, the clearance between a moving ring and a static ring is only about a few microns, the leakage amount of the dry gas seal is usually small, the leaked gas cannot form certain pressure in a flow monitoring cavity due to the limitation of the dry gas seal structure, the amount of the leaked gas passing through the flow sensor cannot reach the lowest monitoring numerical value of the sensor due to the sensitivity of the flow sensor, the display value of the leaked gas is always 0, and when the leakage numerical value of the flowmeter occurs, the dry gas seal is greatly damaged at the moment; the dry gas seal of some existing supercritical carbon dioxide turbines is positioned at the shaft end of a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine cylinder body, one end of the dry gas seal is a turbine cylinder body, the turbine cylinder body is filled with high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the other end of the dry gas seal is a turbine bearing end, as the bearings need to be lubricated and cooled, a large amount of lubricating oil enters the bearings at the end, the temperature of the lubricating oil rises, the shaft rotates at a high speed, oil mist is easily generated at the end, the generated oil mist is easily accumulated on one side of the dry gas seal sparse teeth, and potential safety hazards exist in normal operation of the dry gas seal.
In order to more accurately monitor the leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine, prevent impurities such as lubricating oil mist and the like from entering the dry gas seal and avoid the damage of the dry gas seal, the invention designs an application method for improving the monitoring precision of the leakage amount of the dry gas seal on the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a leakage monitoring method thereof, which can improve the monitoring precision of the leakage of the dry gas seal.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine comprises a turbine body and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is in a stepped shaft shape, an inner sparse tooth seal is arranged on a large-diameter section of the turbine body corresponding to the main shaft, a T-shaped shaft sleeve and a locking sleeve are sleeved on a small-diameter section of the main shaft, a moving ring is sleeved on the small-diameter section of the shaft sleeve to form radial positioning and axial positioning of the moving ring, the locking sleeve axially locks the moving ring, a dry gas seal mounting seat and an outer sparse tooth seal are sleeved on the locking sleeve and fixedly connected with the locking sleeve, the dry gas seal mounting seat is fixed on the turbine body, an axial mounting hole is formed in the dry gas seal mounting seat, a static ring is arranged in a clearance fit mode in the axial mounting hole, the static ring provides pressing force through a spring and is used for being matched with the moving ring to form sealing, a containing cavity and a static ring are formed in the dry gas seal mounting seat, The joint surface of the movable ring corresponds to the inner sparse teeth, the cavity is communicated with the inner sparse teeth in a sealing way,
The dry gas seal mounting seat is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel along the radial direction, the first channel penetrates through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal along the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than the medium pressure and higher than the atmospheric pressure, the third channel is communicated with the containing cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat along the radial direction and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the containing cavity, the high-pressure isolation gas pressure is higher than the medium pressure, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel, the second channel penetrates through the wall surface of the dry gas seal mounting seat, and the second channel is used as a dry gas seal leakage channel and is used for connecting a flow sensor and monitoring the dry gas seal leakage amount.
Preferably, the turbine body is provided with a through hole communicated with the first channel, the second channel and the third channel.
Preferably, the shaft sleeve is fixed on the main shaft in an interference fit mode or by screws; the dry gas seal mounting seat and the outer sparse teeth are in seal interference fit or fixed by screws; the locking sleeve is fixed with the end small-diameter section of the main shaft in an interference fit or thread fit mode.
Preferably, the mutual matching surface of the moving ring and the static ring is provided with a spiral groove for introducing high-pressure isolation gas into the mutual matching surface of the moving ring and the static ring so as to separate the static ring from the moving ring.
Preferably, both ends of the main shaft are supported on the turbine body through a bearing and a bearing seat, and the bearing seat are positioned outside the dry gas seal.
Preferably, the first channel and the third channel are respectively connected with the regulating valve, the pressure stabilizing tank and the air compressor through pipelines, and the air compressor and the regulating valve are controlled remotely.
Preferably, the high pressure barrier gas is supercritical carbon dioxide and the low pressure barrier gas is air.
A dry gas seal leakage monitoring method for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine comprises the steps of starting an air compressor before the turbine is rushed to rotate, maintaining the pressure of a pressure stabilizing tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, gradually opening a regulating valve of low-pressure isolation gas, observing leakage change of a flow sensor until initial leakage delta of the dry gas seal of the turbine is displayed at 3Nm3/h-5Nm3When the device is started, the turbine is turned on, the high-pressure isolation gas enters the channel tee joint, the real leakage rate of the high-pressure isolation gas is alpha, and the leakage rate monitored by the flow sensor is beta, so that:
α＝β-δ。
preferably, an alarm value tau and a shutdown value upsilon are set, the alarm value tau is smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, when alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, an alarm is given out, and when alpha is larger than the shutdown value upsilon, the turbine is shut down emergently.
By adopting the technical scheme, the leakage amount of the dry gas seal of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation turbine can be more accurately monitored, and meanwhile, lubricating oil mist and other impurities are prevented from entering the dry gas seal, so that the dry gas seal is prevented from being damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a dry gas seal configuration;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of dry gas seals, bearings and turbine locations;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dry gas seal low-pressure isolation gas control flow.
Reference numerals
In the attached drawing, a locking sleeve 1, an outer sparse tooth seal 2, a dry gas seal mounting seat 3, a spring 4, a static ring 5, a dynamic ring 6, a shaft sleeve 7, an inner sparse tooth seal 8, a main shaft 9 and a turbine body 12 are arranged;
10. 14 are all bearings and bearing seats, 11 and 13 are all dry gas seals
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dry gas sealing structure used in a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine according to the present invention, in which a first passage is a low-pressure isolation gas passage added to improve the monitoring accuracy of the dry gas sealing leakage amount, a second passage is a dry gas sealing leakage passage to which an external pipeline is connected, a flow sensor is provided on the pipeline to monitor the dry gas sealing leakage amount, a third passage is a high-pressure isolation gas passage, and the high-pressure isolation gas pressure is higher than the medium pressure. The locking sleeve 1 presses the movable ring 6 to the shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve 7 is connected with the main shaft 9 through interference fit or screws, and the movable ring 6 is provided with a spiral groove on the surface corresponding to the static ring 5.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of the location of the dry gas seal, bearings and turbine in a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine of the present invention. Wherein the bearing and bearing seat 10 and the bearing and bearing seat 14 are supplied with lubricating oil during normal operation of the unit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dry gas seal low-pressure isolation gas control flow of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine according to the present invention. The air compressor, the regulating valve and other equipment are controlled remotely, various parameters are displayed through a remote interface, and the pressure stabilizing tank is provided with a safety valve.
Dry gas seal leakage amount monitoring method for supercritical carbon dioxide turbine
Before the turbine is flushed and rotated (before a medium is introduced into the interior of the turbine), the air compressor is remotely started through a remote control center to maintain the pressure of a pressure stabilizing tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, then through remote control, a dry gas sealing low-pressure isolation air regulating valve is gradually opened, the leakage change of a sensor is observed until the initial leakage delta of the dry gas sealing of the turbine is displayed at 3Nm3/h-5Nm3And h, maintaining the opening of the regulating valve unchanged, flushing and rotating the turbine when other starting conditions are met, wherein the real leakage rate of the dry gas seal of the turbine is alpha, the leakage rate monitored by the remote control center is beta, and the actual leakage rate of the dry gas seal is obtained by subtracting the initial leakage rate of the dry gas seal of the turbine from the leakage rate beta of the remote control center as follows:
α＝β-δ
The method comprises the steps that logic control is conducted on a control center according to the formula, a turbine dry gas seal leakage amount alarm value tau and a turbine dry gas seal leakage amount stop value upsilon (the alarm value should be smaller than the stop value) are respectively arranged, when the actual turbine dry gas seal leakage amount alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the stop value upsilon, a remote control center sends out an alarm, and when the actual turbine dry gas seal leakage amount alpha is larger than the stop value upsilon, the turbine is stopped emergently.
When the turbine normally operates, high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas (the pressure is higher than the pressure in the turbine and the temperature is 90-150 ℃, the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide (600 ℃) medium in the turbine is prevented from flowing back from the turbine, so that the dry gas sealing temperature is high, and parts such as a dry gas sealing ring and the like are damaged, under the action of high-pressure isolation gas, the static ring 5 is separated from the dynamic ring 6 due to the pressure formed between the matching surfaces of the dry gas sealing, a small gap is kept, generally about 3 micrometers, when the closing pressure generated by the gas pressure and the spring force is equal to the opening pressure of a gas film, a stable balance gap is established, because the dynamic and static rings have small gaps, under the condition that the low-pressure isolation gas is not introduced into the channel 1, the high-pressure isolation gas can leak from the gap of the dynamic and static rings to the channel two and the outer sparse tooth sealing 2, because the outer sparse tooth seal 2 is connected with the atmosphere, a large part of leakage gas can leak into the atmosphere from a gap formed by matching the outer sparse tooth seal 2 and the main shaft 9, a certain gas pressure is difficult to build in the second channel at the moment, the actual gas passing through the second channel is far smaller than the actual leakage value of the dry gas seal, and the leakage measured by the flowmeter is very small at the moment. In order to solve the problem, the first channel is added, low-pressure isolation gas is introduced into the first channel and cannot react with high-pressure isolation gas and medium (because the high-pressure isolation gas and the medium are carbon dioxide, the introduced isolation gas is only common air), certain pressure is formed in a space where the outer sparse tooth seal 2 is matched with the main shaft 9, the leaked gas is prevented from flowing into the atmosphere through the outer sparse tooth seal 2, in addition, the low-pressure isolation gas leaks to the second channel through the outer sparse tooth seal 2, and at the moment, the flow sensor has an initial display value, so that the problem that the flow sensor displays 0 under the condition that the leakage amount is very low is solved.
In addition, because the two sides of the dry gas seal 11 and the dry gas seal 13 are both provided with the bearing and the bearing seat, when the turbine main shaft rotates at a high speed, the temperature of lubricating oil entering the bearing seat can be raised, oil mist emerges from the oil seal from the bearing and the bearing seat at the moment, and after low-pressure isolation gas is added, the low-pressure isolation gas leaks from the sparse teeth, so that the oil mist can be effectively prevented from entering the dry gas seal, and the dry gas seal is prevented from being damaged due to the entering of impurities.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A dry gas seal of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine comprises a turbine body and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is in a stepped shaft shape, an inner sparse tooth seal is arranged on a large-diameter section of the turbine body corresponding to the main shaft, a T-shaped shaft sleeve and a locking sleeve are sleeved on a small-diameter section of the main shaft, a moving ring is sleeved on the small-diameter section of the shaft sleeve to form radial positioning and axial positioning of the moving ring, the locking sleeve axially locks the moving ring, a dry gas seal mounting seat and an outer sparse tooth seal are sleeved on the locking sleeve and fixedly connected with the locking sleeve, the dry gas seal mounting seat is fixed on the turbine body, an axial mounting hole is formed in the dry gas seal mounting seat, a static ring is arranged in a clearance fit mode in the axial mounting hole, the static ring provides pressing force through a spring and is used for being matched with the moving ring to form sealing, a containing cavity and a static ring are formed in the dry gas seal mounting seat, The faying face of rotating ring corresponds, hold the chamber and dredge the sealed intercommunication of tooth in with, its characterized in that:
The dry gas seal mounting seat is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel along the radial direction, the first channel penetrates through the middle section of the outer sparse tooth seal along the radial direction and is used for inputting low-pressure isolation gas into the outer sparse tooth seal, the pressure of the low-pressure isolation gas is lower than the pressure of a medium and higher than the atmospheric pressure, the third channel is communicated with the containing cavity of the dry gas seal mounting seat along the radial direction and is used for inputting high-pressure isolation gas into the containing cavity, the pressure of the high-pressure isolation gas is higher than the pressure of the medium, the second channel is located between the first channel and the third channel, the second channel penetrates through the wall surface of the dry gas seal mounting seat, and the second channel is used as a dry gas seal leakage channel and is used for connecting a flow sensor and monitoring the dry gas seal leakage amount.
2. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and the turbine body is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the first channel, the second channel and the third channel.
3. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the shaft sleeve is in interference fit or fixed on the main shaft by a screw; the dry gas seal mounting seat and the outer sparse teeth are in seal interference fit or are fixed by screws; the locking sleeve is fixed with the small-diameter section at the end part of the main shaft in an interference fit or thread fit manner.
4. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and the mutual matching surface of the moving ring and the static ring is provided with a spiral groove for introducing high-pressure isolation gas into the mutual matching surface of the moving ring and the static ring so as to separate the static ring from the moving ring.
5. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the two ends of the main shaft are supported on the turbine body through bearings and bearing seats, and the bearings and the bearing seats are located on the outer side of the dry gas seal.
6. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the first channel and the third channel are respectively connected with the adjusting valve, the pressure stabilizing tank and the air compressor through pipelines, and the air compressor and the adjusting valve are controlled remotely.
7. The dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the high-pressure isolating gas is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the low-pressure isolating gas is air.
8. A method for monitoring the dry gas seal leakage amount of a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps: before the turbine is flushed, an air compressor is started to maintain the pressure of a pressure stabilizing tank between 0.3MPa and 0.7MPa, then a regulating valve of low-pressure isolating gas is gradually opened, the leakage change of a flow sensor is observed until the initial leakage delta of the turbine dry gas seal is displayed at 3Nm 3/h-5Nm3When the device is started, the turbine is turned on, the high-pressure isolation gas enters the channel tee joint, the real leakage rate of the high-pressure isolation gas is alpha, and the leakage rate monitored by the flow sensor is beta, so that:
α＝β-δ。
9. the dry gas seal for a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine as claimed in claim 8 wherein: and setting an alarm value tau and a shutdown value upsilon, wherein the alarm value tau is smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, when alpha is larger than the alarm value tau and smaller than the shutdown value upsilon, giving an alarm, and when alpha is larger than the shutdown value upsilon, the turbine is emergently shut down.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210456885.0A CN114753890B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210456885.0A CN114753890B (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Dry gas seal of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and leakage monitoring method thereof |
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| CN114753890A true CN114753890A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
| CN114753890B CN114753890B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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| 丁雪兴;刘勇;苏虹;吴昊;闫飞;: "热弹变形下螺旋槽干气密封泄漏量的计算与分析", 兰州理工大学学报, no. 06 * |
| 马智;周坤;王晓燕;: "密封装置微小气体泄漏流量测量方法", 润滑与密封, no. 05 * |
| 马高峰;丁雪兴;张伟政;徐洁;陆俊杰;: "超临界二氧化碳微尺度干气密封性能分析", 润滑与密封, no. 08 * |
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| CN114753890B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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