CN114752691A - 一种用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒及检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒,包括用于扩增鸡Cytb基因的正向引物PF2和反向引物PR2,具有检测成本低、操作简单、特异性好、灵敏度高、可视化程度高的优点。本发明还公开一种应用有用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒的检测方法,同样具有检测成本低、操作简单、特异性好、灵敏度高、可视化程度高的优点,可以用于肉制品中鸡源性成分掺假的检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鸡肉掺假检测领域,具体涉及一种用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒及检测方法。
背景技术
肉类产品不仅是人们餐桌上的重要组成部分,也是人体的重要营养来源。随着人民生活水平以及生活质量的日益提高,人们对于食品安全问题也越来越重视。许多无良商家在高成本的牛羊肉中掺入成本较低的鸡肉等以获取高额利益,这一现象给消费者和相关食品安全监督部门造成了严重的困扰。因此为了维护消费者的合法权益,保护消费者的生命健康,维持市场经济可持续发展,我们需要研发出一种简单、低成本、特异性高的肉制品掺假现场检测方法。
肉制品作为最具掺假风险的食品之一,其检测手段主要是基于蛋白质水平和核酸水平。蛋白质水平的检测方法主要包括酶联免疫法、光谱、质谱、色谱和蛋白电泳等。但蛋白质不稳定容易在预处理和加工过程中变性,导致实验结果重复性差且灵敏度低。核酸扩增是分子生物学研究中一个重要的工具,其极高的稳定性和扩增能力完美的克服了蛋白质分析的局限性,使其更适合于鉴定掺假的肉类产品。常用的基于核酸的掺假检测方法包括聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、实时荧光PCR、数字PCR、交叉引物扩增(CPA)、循环介导的等温扩增(LAMP)和重组酶聚合酶扩增(RPA)。PCR被认为是鉴定掺假肉制品的"黄金标准",并已成功用于鉴定牛肉、羊肉、猪肉和鸡肉。
而PCR扩增产物的分析技术,例如琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,需要配置凝胶电泳仪而成本较高、操作相对比较复杂、检测时间相对较长,又如荧光定量PCR技术需要昂贵的仪器而成本较高、操作相对复杂、检测时间相对较长。
因此,可继续改进。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状,提供一种成本较低、操作简单方便、检测时间较短的用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒。
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状,提供一种应用有上述的用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒的检测方法。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒,其特征在于:包括用于扩增鸡Cytb基因的正向引物PF2和反向引物PR2,
正向引物PF2:5’-Biotin-CATGACCCAAATCCTCACCG-3’;
反向引物PR2:5’-Fam-TCCTTGAAGGTAGGACCGTA-3’。
胶体金试纸的结构具体是,所述试剂盒还包括胶体金试纸,该胶体金试纸包括PVC背板、设置在PVC背板上且依次沿样品流动方向从下往上分布且依次部分重叠的样品垫、金标垫、硝酸纤维素膜、吸水垫;
所述金标垫上标记有胶体金颗粒和胶体金蛋白的复合物;
所述硝酸纤维素膜上沿样品流动方向分别标记有兔抗Fam抗体的检测线T线、标记有BSA-Biotin的质控线C线。
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种应用有如上述的用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒的检测方法,其特征在于:包括
步骤S1、提取待检测样品的DNA,并采用所述正向引物PF2和反向引物PR2进行PCR扩增;
步骤S2、制备胶体金试纸;
步骤S3、将所述步骤S1扩增后的PCR产物滴在胶体金试纸上,将胶体金试纸的样品垫进入展开液中,等待至少5min后观察;
如果检测线和质控线同时显红色,则表示胶体金试纸有效,并且检测到样品含有鸡源性成分;
如果质控线为红色,检测线为无色,则表示胶体金试纸有效,并且未检测到样品含有鸡源性成分。
制备胶体金试纸的步骤具体是,所述步骤S2包括
步骤S2-1、在金标垫加入金标垫处理液后,于40℃干燥1h;
步骤S2-2、再在金标垫上加入胶体金蛋白(AuNPs-SA)溶液,于40℃干燥1h;
步骤S2-3、将1mg/mL的兔抗Fam抗体划在硝酸纤维素膜表面作为检测线T线;
步骤S2-4、将1mg/mL的BSA-Biotin划在硝酸纤维素膜表面作为质控线C线。
金标垫处理液可以有多种,优选地,所述步骤S2-1中,所述金标垫处理液包括BSA、海藻糖、蔗糖、吐温-20、TritionX-100;
其中,BSA的质量分数为5%,海藻糖的质量分数为10%,蔗糖的质量分数为2%、吐温-20的质量分数为2%、TritionX-100的质量分数为2%。
扩增产物的体积可以根据需要取用,在所述步骤S3中,扩增后的PCR产物取15μL滴在胶体金试纸的样品垫上。
展开液的成分具体是,在所述步骤S3中,所述展开液由0.01M PBS组成,pH为7.4。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明利用鸡Cytb基因的保守序列为靶标设计特异性引物并对该引物进行优化,优化后的引物特异性强不产生引物二聚体和非特异性扩增,从而避免了假阳性的出现,在正反向引物的5’端分别标记了Biotin和Fam,使PCR扩增产物可以直接进行胶体金试纸条检测无需进行探针标记,检测结果在5min内即可用肉眼观察到,不需要进行凝胶电泳与凝胶成像的步骤,从而大大缩短了检测时间与检测成本,相较于其它的现有检测技术例如荧光PCR(qPCR)技术需要的昂贵的仪器、操作相对复杂,本发明不需要昂贵的仪器而成本较低,操作简单易上手,适用于鸡肉掺假的快速检测,也适用于一些欠发达地区以及实验环境简陋的基层实验室等。
应用有用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒的检测方法,同样具有检测成本低、操作简单、特异性好、灵敏度高、可视化程度高的优点,可以用于肉制品中鸡源性成分掺假的检测。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2特异性实验结果图;
图2为本发明实施例3灵敏度实验结果图;
图3为本发明实施例4市售样品检测结果图;
图4为实施例1的引物设计及标记的电泳结果图;
图5为实施例1中链霉亲和素量的探究结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:
1、引物设计及标记
根据GenBank中鸡(Gallus gallus)线粒体Cytb基因的保守序列,用PrimerPremer6软件设计鸡Cytb基因的特异性引物正向引物PF1、反向引物PR1,
对正向引物PF1的5’端修饰Biotin后得到正向引物PF2,
对反向引物PR1的5’端修饰了Fam后得到反向引物PR2,具体如下:
将该引物分别用于扩增鸡、鸭、猪、牛、羊、马、鸵,实验结果如图4所述,可见该引物特异性较好,可用于鸡肉掺假检测。
2、肉制品中鸡肉掺假试纸条快速检测方法
2.1肉样前处理
于附近市场购买鸡肉、鸭肉、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、马肉、鸵鸟肉样品,并对样品进行预处理。首先将肉样用蒸馏水清洗干净并用厨房用纸吸去多余的水分;接着用灭菌过的手术刀切去鸡肉组织上多余的脂肪,并将鸡肉切成大小均等的小块放入到绞肉机中进行搅碎处理,直到不再出现大肉块即可停止;最后将肉糜分装到样品袋中,于-20℃保藏备用。
2.2模板DNA提取
准备用于提取样品中DNA的试剂,具体如下。
盐法裂解液:为Tris-HCl、乙二胺四乙酸EDTA、氯化钠组成的混合液,其中Tris-HCl的浓度为10mM,乙二胺四乙酸EDTA的浓度为2mM,氯化钠的浓度为0.4M,调节pH至8.0。
20%SDS:20g SDS溶于100mL水中。
异丙醇:10mL。
70%乙醇:10mL70%的乙醇由7mL无水乙醇和3mL的水组成。
TE缓冲液:为Tris-HCl和EDTA的混合液,10mL1MTris-HCl pH8.0,加入2mL0.5MEDTA pH8.0.定容至1L后加温高压灭菌30min。
DNA提取的方法,具体是:
取30mg肉样于2mL的离心管中,加入500mL盐法裂解液和40μL 20%SDS后进行涡旋;
加入2μL 20mg/mL蛋白酶K,放入65℃的水浴30min;
加入300μL 6M NaCl,涡旋30s后13000g离心5min;
取上清液于新的1.5mL的离心管中加入等体积异丙醇上下混合使DNA沉淀完全,13000g离心5min;
弃上清加入500μL70%乙醇洗涤沉淀,13000g离心5min;
弃乙醇室温晾干沉淀,加入100μLTE缓冲液溶解沉淀后得到DNA提取物,用核酸蛋白检测仪测模板DNA的浓度与纯度后于-20℃保存备用。
2.3PCR扩增
将上述盐法提取得到的模板DNA与PCR扩增体系混合,进行PCR扩增,扩增得到的产物可以直接用于试纸条检测。
上述PCR扩增体系:PCR Master Mix10μL、10μmol/L正反向引物各1μL、模板DNA1μL、ddH2O12μL,总体积25μL;
上述PCR反应条件:95℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s、62℃退火30s、72℃延伸30s,35个循环,扩增完后放至于4℃的冰上;
2.4胶体金试纸条制备
胶体金颗粒的合成:采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,取1mL1%的氯金酸水溶液于250mL的洁净的锥形瓶中,加入99mL的超纯水后置于磁力加热搅拌器上500r/min搅拌至溶液沸腾,加入2mL1%的柠檬酸三钠溶液继续加热煮沸15min,可以观察到溶液由金黄色变为红色,冷却至室温后于-4℃保存。
胶体最适蛋白标记量的确定及胶体金蛋白(AuNPs-SA)复合物的制备:首先将链霉亲和素用碳酸钠缓冲溶液(pH9.6)稀释为1mg/mL,胶体金溶液用稀盐酸调节pH至7.0;其次确定胶体金的最适蛋白标记量,在1mLpH=7.0的胶体金溶液中分别加入(1μL、3μL、5μL、7μL、9μL、11μL、15μL、20μL)1mg/ml的链霉亲和素后室温放置15min,加入100μL10%的NaCl室温放置2h,未加入蛋白或蛋白量不足的管会呈现由红色变为蓝色的聚集现象,若蛋白量达到最低稳定量则各管保持红色,其中蛋白量最低的试管为稳定1mL胶体金颗粒所需的蛋白量,在此基础上加上10%-20%即为标记胶体金蛋白的实际用量。根据实验稳定1mL胶体金的链霉亲和素量为20μL,超过或等于稳定量的胶体金保持红色,小于最适稳定量会导致胶体金出现由红色变为蓝色的聚集沉淀(如图5)。
金标垫预处理:为了使胶体金在金标垫上释放更加完全,我们需要对金标垫进行预处理,用移液枪在金标垫上均匀地加入处理液(5%BSA(牛血清白蛋白)、10%海藻糖、2%蔗糖、2%吐温-20、2%TritionX-100溶于超纯水)后于40℃干燥1h;用移液枪将预先处理好的胶体金蛋白(AuNPs-SA)溶液均匀的加入到金标垫上40℃干燥1h备用。
试纸条组装:试纸条主要由PVC背板、硝酸纤维素膜、金标垫、样品垫和吸水垫这五部分组成,具体安装步骤为:将硝酸纤维素膜贴在PVC背板中间;将1mg/mL的兔抗Fam抗体和1mg/mL的BSA-Biotin划在硝酸纤维素膜表面作为检测限(T线)和质控线(C线)(图1上方的为C线,下方的为T线);金标垫和吸水垫与硝酸纤维素膜重叠2mm,且分别位于硝酸纤维素膜的下方和上方,样品垫位于金标垫下方并与金标垫重叠2mm;待试纸条组装完成后将其裁剪为宽4mm的纸条,密封保存备用。
2.5PCR产物试纸条检测
检测原理:用自行设计的5’端分别带有生物素和Fam标记的正反向引物对提取到的模板DNA进行扩增,若该肉样中掺有鸡肉则扩增产物中存在同时带有生物素和Fam修饰的DNA双链;将扩增产物直接上样于试纸条的样品垫上,随后将样品垫的下端浸入到展开液(由0.01M PBS组成,pH7.4)中,样品溶液沿着试纸条通过毛细管作用从下往上泳动,Biotin-DNA-Fam首先与金标垫上的AuNPs-SA进行结合得到AuNPs-SA-Biotin-DNA-Fam复合物,接着与T线上的兔抗-Fam抗体结合形成AuNPs-SA-Biotin-DNA-Fam-兔抗Fam抗体复合物使T线显色,而多余的AuNPs-SA则与C线上的BSA-Biotin结合使C线显色。
实验步骤如下:取15uLPCR产物于测流试纸条的样品垫上,将样品垫的下端浸入到展开液中,5min内即可用肉眼读取试纸条的检测结果。
实施例2:特异性验证
按照实施例1中的检测方法,对鸡肉、鸭肉、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、马肉、鸵鸟肉样本进行DNA提取,以ddH2O作为阴性对照,用带生物素和Fam标记的鸡Cytb基因的特异性引物对上述不同样品的模板DNA进行PCR扩增和胶体金试纸条测试。
检测结果如图1所示(从左到右依次为鸡肉、鸭肉、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、马肉、鸵鸟肉、空白对照),除了含有鸡肉DNA检测呈阳性外,其它肉类DNA和空白对照均为阴性。
说明本发明设计的引物的特异性较好,可以用于检测鸡肉掺假。
实施例3:掺假灵敏度验证
将鸡肉与不同比例的牛羊鸵鸟肉进行混合,得到的混合肉中鸡肉质量含量分别为100%、10%、1%、0.1%、0%,进行PCR扩增和试纸条检测。
检测结果如图2所示(图片中从左到右依次为鸡肉含量100%、10%、1%、0.1%、0%的试纸条检测结果),可见鸡肉含量为100%、10%、1%、0.1%时,试纸条均有显色。
说明该胶体金试纸条的检测灵敏度可以达到0.1%,灵敏度较高。
实施例4:市售样品掺假检测
为了验证该检测方法的实际应用能力我们从农贸市场、超市、烧烤摊等各地收集市场样本,用上述方法对收集到的18份牛肉、18份羊肉、12份猪肉等共48份样品进行试纸条检测。
检测结果表明(见表2)在18份牛肉样品中有4份样品检测出鸡肉掺假;18份羊肉样品中检测出5份样品掺假;12份猪肉样品中有2份掺假。可以看出市面上肉制品掺假现象非常普遍,肉制品掺假检测意义重大。
表2:市售牛肉、羊肉、猪肉样品鉴定结果
样品 | 品种 | 抽样数 | 检测数 |
牛肉 | 牛肉串、牛肉卷 | 18 | 4 |
羊肉 | 羊肉串、羊肉卷 | 18 | 5 |
猪肉 | 猪肉串 | 12 | 2 |
序列表
<110> 宁波大学
<120> 一种用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒及检测方法
<141> 2022-05-31
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Gallus gallus
<400> 1
catgacccaa atcctcaccg 20
<210> 2
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Gallus gallus
<400> 2
tccttgaagg taggaccgta 20
Claims (7)
1.一种用于检测鸡肉掺假的试剂盒,其特征在于:包括用于扩增鸡Cytb基因的正向引物PF2和反向引物PR2,
正向引物PF2:5’-Biotin-CATGACCCAAATCCTCACCG-3’;
反向引物PR2:5’-Fam-TCCTTGAAGGTAGGACCGTA-3’。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒,其特征在于:所述试剂盒还包括胶体金试纸,该胶体金试纸包括PVC背板、设置在PVC背板上且依次沿样品流动方向从下往上分布、且依次部分重叠的样品垫、金标垫、硝酸纤维素膜、吸水垫;
所述金标垫上标记有胶体金颗粒和胶体金蛋白的复合物;
所述硝酸纤维素膜上沿样品流动方向分别标记有兔抗Fam抗体的检测线T线、标记有BSA-Biotin的质控线C线。
3.一种应用有如权利要求2所述的用于检测鸡肉掺假试剂盒的检测方法,其特征在于:包括
步骤S1、提取待检测样品的DNA,并采用所述正向引物PF2和反向引物PR2进行PCR扩增;
步骤S2、制备胶体金试纸;
步骤S3、将所述步骤S1扩增后的PCR产物滴在胶体金试纸上,将胶体金试纸的样品垫进入展开液中,5min内观察;
如果检测线和质控线同时显红色,则表示胶体金试纸有效,并且检测到样品含有鸡源性成分;
如果质控线为红色,检测线为无色,则表示胶体金试纸有效,并且未检测到样品含有鸡源性成分。
4.根据权利要求3所述的检测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2包括
步骤S2-1、在金标垫加入金标垫处理液后,于40℃干燥1h;
步骤S2-2、再在金标垫上加入胶体金蛋白溶液,于40℃干燥1h;
步骤S2-3、将1mg/mL的兔抗Fam抗体划在硝酸纤维素膜表面作为检测线T线;
步骤S2-4、将1mg/mL的BSA-Biotin划在硝酸纤维素膜表面作为质控线C线。
5.根据权利要求4所述的检测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2-1中,所述金标垫处理液包括BSA、海藻糖、蔗糖、吐温-20、TritionX-100;
其中,BSA的质量分数为5%,海藻糖的质量分数为10%,蔗糖的质量分数为2%、吐温-20的质量分数为2%、TritionX-100的质量分数为2%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的检测方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤S3中,扩增后的PCR产物取15μL滴在胶体金试纸的样品垫上。
7.根据权利要求3所述的检测方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤S3中,所述展开液由0.01MPBS组成,pH为7.4。
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CN115287342A (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种幼雏鸽性别鉴定方法及鉴定用pcr引物 |
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