CN114749971B - Method and tool for machining outer circle of thin-wall part - Google Patents
Method and tool for machining outer circle of thin-wall part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114749971B CN114749971B CN202210470719.6A CN202210470719A CN114749971B CN 114749971 B CN114749971 B CN 114749971B CN 202210470719 A CN202210470719 A CN 202210470719A CN 114749971 B CN114749971 B CN 114749971B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002531 Rubberwood Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
Providing a thin-wall part excircle processing method and tool, wherein the thin-wall part excircle processing tool is provided with a split hollow structure; after the fixture is clamped on a numerical control lathe, a self-made compression nut and a compression nut glue block are used, a rotary axial displacement compression mode is adopted, parts are clamped on the fixture in an interference fit mode, and the fixture is fully supported from the inside to prevent the parts from deforming; after the processing is finished, the parts are removed by using a locating sleeve and a locating sleeve glue wood block and adopting a rotary axial displacement reverse pushing and withdrawing mode; and (5) re-clamping new parts for processing, and disassembling after processing, so that the efficient processing of the parts in batches is completed in a reciprocating way. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the tool has simple design structure, light dead weight and excellent anti-wear effect; the assembly and disassembly operations of the parts from the tool are simple, stable and efficient; the parts are not deformed, and the processing efficiency is high; the tool can be repeatedly used, is economical and practical, is stable, reliable and efficient, and is suitable for popularization and promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flexible gears of mechanical engineering transmission parts, and particularly relates to a method and a tool for machining an outer circle of a thin-wall part.
Background
Along with the development and progress of the social technology, the harmonic speed reducer is widely applied to special fields of unmanned aerial vehicles, radar antennas, rocket engines, robot joints and the like due to the characteristics of compact structure, large reduction ratio, large bearing moment and the like. Wherein, the flexspline is the key part of harmonic reducer ware. However, the flexible gear with the thin-wall structure is easy to deform, has high processing difficulty and is a typical representative of thin-wall parts.
In the invention, a 200-type thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear shown in fig. 1 is used as an example, the diameter of an inner hole of a thin-wall cylindrical flexible gear body is D1 (phi 200H6 mm), the axial depth of a cylinder body is L1, the axial length of the cylinder body is L2, the outer circle of the cylinder body is D2, the outer circle of a gear ring is D3, and the total axial length of the flexible gear is L2; the ratio of the diameter D1 of the inner hole of the flexible gear to the wall thickness of the flexible gear body is greater than 110.
In the prior art, the process method for processing the excircle of the 200-type thin-wall cup-shaped flexible wheel shown in fig. 1 is grinding: during grinding, a mandrel support in interference fit with the inner hole D1 of the 200 flexible gear is needed to grind the outer circle, and the grinding time is long; in addition, as the 200-type flexible gear part is larger in size, the outer circle grinding mandrel matched with the 200-type flexible gear part is also larger in size and is too high in dead weight, so that the flexible gear part and the mandrel are troublesome to assemble and disassemble, and the assembly can be completed by two persons; moreover, the problem that the mandrel is seriously worn and inconvenient to assemble and disassemble exists, so that the processing of the outer circle of the flexible gear becomes labor-consuming, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the efficiency is low. In this regard, the following improvements have been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the outer circle machining method and tool for the thin-wall part adopt a special split type hollow protective wear-resistant tool to replace grinding machining by turning, achieve the purpose of saving time and cost, and solve the technical problems of labor, time and labor waste in the existing flexible gear machining.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the outer circle processing method of the thin-wall part uses a split hollow structure anti-abrasion outer circle processing tool of the thin-wall part; after the outer circle processing tool of the thin-wall part is clamped on a numerical control lathe, a self-made compression nut and a compression nut glue wood block in the outer circle processing tool of the thin-wall part are used, the thin-wall part to be processed is clamped and fixed on the tool in a concentric interference fit manner in a rotary axial displacement compression mode, and the tool is fully supported with the thin-wall part from the inside to prevent the deformation of the thin-wall part; after the thin-wall part is machined, a locating sleeve and a locating sleeve rubber wood block in an outer circle machining tool of the thin-wall part are used, and the machined thin-wall part is removed from the tool in a rotary axial displacement reverse pushing and withdrawing mode; and re-clamping the new thin-wall part to be processed, and disassembling the new thin-wall part after the new thin-wall part is processed, so that batch processing of the thin-wall part is completed in a reciprocating manner.
The method for processing the outer circle of the thin-wall part comprises the following steps:
s1, machining and manufacturing a mandrel, a core, a positioning sleeve glue wood block, a compression nut glue wood block and a self-made compression nut of the outer circle machining tool of the thin-wall part.
S2, using a core fastening screw to coaxially fasten the core and the mandrel into a whole, and then clamping and fixing the excircle C0 of the cylindrical clamping end at the shaft end of the core on a numerical control lathe so as to install the excircle processing tool of the thin-wall part in place.
S3, aligning the outer circle H2 of the mandrel to enable the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel to meet the process requirement; if the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel can not meet the process requirement, loosening the core fastening screw, and manually rotating the adjusting mandrel after the core fastening screw is withdrawn from the core fastening screw mounting hole formed on the end face of the mandrel shaft until the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel meets the requirement, and fastening the core fastening screw again.
S4, coaxially screwing a positioning sleeve on a fine tooth external threaded rod 3a which is arranged at the other end of the shaft end of the core by using a spanner to be matched and installed until the positioning sleeve is screwed into an inward concave stepped hole which is arranged in the center of the outer side of the mandrel, and enabling a vertical inward concave reference positioning surface F at the limit position of the inward concave stepped hole to be stuck to the end face of the inner shaft of the positioning sleeve; and a rubber wood block of the locating sleeve is sleeved on the end face of the step shaft of the locating sleeve.
S5, coaxially and interference-fitting the self-made compression nut and the nut glue wood block on the outer shaft body of the mandrel to install the thin-wall part.
S6, turning the excircle of the thin-wall part.
S7, sequentially disassembling the self-made compression nut and the compression nut bakelite block, and disassembling the processed thin-wall part by using the positioning sleeve and the positioning sleeve bakelite block.
S8, repeating the step S5, the step S6 and the step S7, and processing the thin-wall parts in batches.
The outer circle processing tool for the thin-wall part consists of a core mandrel, a core fastening screw, a positioning sleeve glue wood block, a compression nut glue wood block and a self-made compression nut which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe.
One end of the shaft end of the core is provided with a cylindrical clamping end; the cylindrical clamping end is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core on the numerical control lathe; the middle part of the core shaft body is provided with a mounting flange; the mounting flange uses a core fastening screw to coaxially fasten the core and the mandrel into a whole; the other end of the shaft end of the core is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod which extends from the inner side of the mandrel to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel; center outside the shaft end of the mandrel the concave stepped holes are formed; the concave step hole is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve and the bakelite block of the positioning sleeve; the other end of the positioning sleeve extends out of the concave stepped hole of the mandrel; the positioning sleeve is screwed with the fine tooth external threaded rod to be installed in the concave step hole; the outer side step shaft end surface of the positioning sleeve accommodated in the concave step hole is provided with a positioning sleeve glue wood block; the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel and the outer cylindrical surface are concentrically in interference fit with the open end of the cylindrical flexible gear body of the thin-wall part; and the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel is tightly stuck the end face of the inner shaft of the flexible gear body, and the mandrel is filled with the flexible wheel body; the end face of the outer shaft of the flexible gear flange of the thin-wall part is provided with a nut glue wood block; nut bakelite block outside shaft end face a self-made compression nut is arranged; self-made compression nuts are screwed to be matched with fine tooth external threaded rods; when the self-made compression nut and the nut bakelite block axially displace inwards, the self-made compression nut and the nut bakelite block are used for assembling the thin-wall part in interference fit with the mandrel; and the positioning sleeve and the bakelite block of the positioning sleeve are used for dismantling the interference fit thin-wall part at the mandrel when axially displacing outwards.
In the above technical solution, further: the thin-wall part is a flexible wheel of the harmonic reducer; the flexible gear is a thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear, and comprises a hollow thin-wall cylindrical flexible gear body, and a flexible gear flange is arranged at one end of the flexible gear body; the outer circle of the other end of the flexible gear body is provided with a flexible gear ring; wherein the flexible wheel body diameter D1 of inner hole of cylinder wall thickness of flexible wheel body is greater than the ratio of (c).
In the above technical solution, further: step S5 comprises the steps of:
s501, enabling the open end of a cylinder inner hole of the flexible gear body of the thin-wall part to face a shaft end vertical reference positioning surface G of the mandrel so as to enable the cylinder inner hole D1 to be lapped on the outer side end part of the outer circle H2 of the mandrel.
S502, installing a gland nut glue wood block 7 on the end face of the vertical shaft outside the flexible wheel flange of the thin-wall part.
S503, screwing a self-made compression nut on the fine tooth external threaded rod 3a at the shaft end of the core by using a spanner.
S504, rotating the self-made compression nut, attaching the inner vertical shaft end face of the self-made compression nut to the outer vertical shaft end face of the nut bakelite block, and pushing the compression nut bakelite block to axially displace until the compression nut bakelite block pushes the thin-wall part to axially displace, tightly compressing and fixing the thin-wall part on the vertical reference positioning surface G of the shaft end of the mandrel until the thin-wall part is clamped in place in the concentric interference fit of the outer circle H2 of the mandrel.
In the above technical solution, further: in the step S6, the track of the turning tool is from the outer side to the inner side of the thin-wall part in the axial direction; turning process of the outer circle D2 of the flexible gear body of the thin-wall part and turning process of the outer circle D3 of the flexible gear ring of the thin-wall part, and when blanks of the outer circle D2 and the outer circle D3 have 0.25mm of allowance respectively, turning of the outer circle D2 and the outer circle D3 is equally divided into four times of feeding amount adjusting machining: the first feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the second feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the third feeding amount is 0.02mm/r, and the fourth feeding amount is 0.005 mm-0.01 mm/r.
In the above technical solution, further: in step S7, the method for dismounting the processed thin-wall part on the mandrel in interference fit with the thin-wall part coaxially comprises the following steps: when the self-made compression nut and the compression nut bakelite block are removed successively, a spanner is used for rotating the extending end of the positioning sleeve, so that the outer step shaft end face of the positioning sleeve pushes the positioning sleeve bakelite block to displace axially outwards, the outer side shaft end face of the positioning sleeve bakelite block displaced axially outwards is attached to the inner side shaft end face of the flexible wheel flange 102 of the thin-wall part, the thin-wall part is pushed to displace axially outwards until the thin-wall part is completely separated from the mandrel, and the thin-wall part is detached from the mandrel.
The outer circle processing tool for the thin-wall part is composed of a core, a mandrel, a core fastening screw, a positioning sleeve glue block, a compression nut glue block and a self-made compression nut which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe.
One end of the shaft end of the core is provided with a cylindrical clamping end; the cylindrical clamping end is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core on the numerical control lathe; the middle part of the core shaft body is provided with a mounting flange; the mounting flange uses a core fastening screw to coaxially fasten the core and the mandrel into a whole; the other end of the shaft end of the core is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod which extends from the inner side of the mandrel to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel; center outside the shaft end of the mandrel the concave stepped holes are formed; the concave step hole is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve and the bakelite block of the positioning sleeve; the other end of the positioning sleeve extends out of the concave stepped hole of the mandrel; the positioning sleeve is screwed with the fine tooth external threaded rod to be installed in the concave step hole; the outer side step shaft end surface of the positioning sleeve accommodated in the concave step hole is provided with a positioning sleeve glue wood block; the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel and the outer cylindrical surface are concentrically in interference fit with the open end of the cylindrical flexible gear body of the thin-wall part; and the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel is tightly stuck the end face of the inner shaft of the flexible gear body, and the mandrel is filled with the flexible wheel body; the end face of the outer shaft of the flexible gear flange of the thin-wall part is provided with a nut glue wood block; nut bakelite block outside shaft end face a self-made compression nut is arranged; self-made compression nuts are screwed to be matched with fine tooth external threaded rods; when the self-made compression nut and the nut bakelite block axially displace inwards, the self-made compression nut and the nut bakelite block are used for assembling the thin-wall part in interference fit with the mandrel; and the positioning sleeve and the bakelite block of the positioning sleeve are used for dismantling the interference fit thin-wall part at the mandrel when axially displacing outwards.
In the above technical solution, further: the mandrel is a cast iron mandrel; the core is a steel core; the mandrel, the core, the positioning sleeve and the self-made compression nut are all parts which are subjected to heat treatment and aging treatment and are difficult to wear due to high hardness; the outer circle H2 circle jumping of the mandrel is not more than 0.010mm; the center of the mandrel is provided with a lightening hole.
In the above technical solution, further: the outer diameter of the self-made compression nut and the nut bakelite block compression working end face is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the flexible wheel flange of the thin-wall part.
In the above technical solution, further: the positioning sleeve is provided with a square handle from the protruding end of the concave step hole which is formed on the mandrel, and the end surface of the non-working shaft at the outer side of the self-made compression nut is respectively provided with a square handle; the square handle is matched with the working size of the wrench.
In the above technical solution, further: end face of spindle outside shaft the edge is provided with a round angle R2; inner shaft of flexible gear body of thin-wall part the corners of the end faces are provided with fillets R1; a gap is reserved between the round corner R2 and the round corner R1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts the tool design of a purely mechanical split hollow structure, and can finish the loading and unloading of the tool on the numerical control lathe by single operation, thereby solving the technical problems of large dead weight and inconvenient disassembly and clamping of the existing tool.
2. The invention relates to a disassembling tool composed of a positioning sleeve and a positioning sleeve bakelite block; clamping tools consisting of compression nut glue blocks and self-made compression nuts; the dismounting tool and the clamping tool are in contact with the workpiece through the bakelite block structure, the bakelite block is designed to prevent the steel piece from being contacted with the steel piece to collide with the two specially designed protection pieces, the tool is convenient to reuse, the abrasion and vibration are reduced, and the problem that the abrasion of the existing thin-wall part and the loading and unloading tool is serious is solved.
3. According to the invention, by adopting simple rotation operation and cooperating with the design of the fine tooth external threaded rod, not only can the interference fit installation of the tool on the mandrel be realized, but also the clamping operation of the workpiece on the tool is simple and convenient, and the machining efficiency is improved; and the fine tooth external threaded rod can effectively improve the coaxial positioning precision, the coaxial fit of the part and the mandrel is tight, and the stability of interference fit assembly is good.
4. The thin-wall part and the mandrel are arranged in an interference fit, the inner hole of the cylinder body of the thin-wall part is effectively spread, and the outer circle processing deformation of the part is prevented; the outer diameter of the self-made compression nut is not larger than the outer diameter of the flexible wheel flange of the thin-wall part, and when the self-made compression nut axially compresses a workpiece, the problem of deformation of the outer side of the flexible wheel flange is prevented; and a gap is reserved between the core shaft edge fillet R2 and the inner side fillet R1 of the flexible wheel body, so that the thin-wall part is easy to disassemble after the excircle turning of the thin-wall part is finished, and the thin-wall part is also used for reducing the deformation of the part.
5. The split type hollow structure tool realizes the grinding processing instead of turning, and achieves the purposes of saving time and cost and improving efficiency; the tool design of the pure mechanical structure is simple in structure, convenient to process and manufacture, excellent in manufacturability, reusable, economical and practical, and suitable for popularization and popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thin-walled part structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembled concentric combination of the core and the mandrel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a disassembly and assembly mechanism for disassembly and assembly of a thin-walled part on a mandrel in an interference fit manner;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the self-made compression nut of FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an overall assembly view of the tooling and parts of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged detail view of section I of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged detail view of section II of FIG. 6;
In the figure: 1-a thin-wall part, 101-a flexible gear body, 102-a flexible gear flange, 103-a flexible gear ring and 104-a cylinder inner hole; 2-mandrel 2, 201-excircle H2, 202-concave stepped hole, 2021-concave reference positioning surface F, 203-lightening hole, 204-shaft end vertical reference positioning surface G; 3-core, 301-cylinder clamping end, 302-fine tooth external threaded rod and 303-mounting flange; 4-a core fastening screw; 5-positioning sleeves, 501-step shaft end faces and 502-extending ends; 6-positioning sleeve rubber wood blocks, 7-compression nut rubber wood blocks, 8-self-made compression nuts and 9-square handles.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8 of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A method for processing the outer circle of a thin-wall part uses a split hollow structure anti-abrasion tool for processing the outer circle of the thin-wall part. Therefore, the tool is of a split type hollow structure, and the technical problems that the existing tool is large in weight and inconvenient to operate and clamp by one person are solved.
And after the outer circle machining tool for the thin-wall part is clamped on the numerical control lathe, the numerical control lathe is adopted to replace grinding machining, so that the machining efficiency is improved.
Self-made compression nuts 8 and compression nut glue blocks 7 in the tool for processing the outer circle of the thin-wall part are used, a rotary axial displacement compression mode is adopted, the thin-wall part 1 to be processed is clamped and fixed on the tool in a concentric interference fit mode, and the tool is fully supported with the thin-wall part 1 from the inside so as to prevent the thin-wall part from deforming.
The gland nut glue wood block 7 is used for preventing the tool and the workpiece from being worn. The part is clamped by adopting a rotary axial displacement compaction mode, so that the operation of the interference fit installation of the part on the tool is simplified, and the problems of high clamping difficulty and easy deformation of the part existing in the concentric interference fit installation of the part on the tool are solved.
After the thin-wall part is machined, the locating sleeve 5 and the locating sleeve bakelite block 6 in the tool for machining the outer circle of the thin-wall part are used, and the locating sleeve 5 and the locating sleeve bakelite block 6 are removed from the tool in a rotary axial displacement reverse pushing and withdrawing mode.
The locating sleeve glue wood block 6 is used for preventing the tool and the parts from being worn out in the same principle as the parts are installed. The machined part is disassembled by adopting a rotary axial displacement reverse pushing and withdrawing mode, so that the disassembling operation of the part which is excessively matched and installed from the tool is simplified, and the problems of high difficulty in concentric interference fit disassembling between the part and the tool and easy deformation of the part are solved.
The method is that a self-made compression nut 8 and a compression nut glue wood block 7 are adopted to clamp a new thin-wall part 1 to be processed; after the part processing is finished, the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 are used for disassembling the part, so that the part is reciprocated, and the batch processing of the thin-wall part 1 can be finished.
The invention relates to a method for processing an excircle of a thin-wall part, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1, a mandrel 2, a core 3, a positioning sleeve 5, a positioning sleeve bakelite block 6, a compression nut bakelite block 7 and a self-made compression nut 8 of the processing tool for processing and manufacturing the excircle of the thin-wall part. The above-mentioned components are self-made parts, the dimensions of which are designed according to the thin-walled part 1.
The specific dimensional requirements of the thin-walled part 1 (as shown in fig. 1) are: the diameter of the inner hole D1 is 200H6, the depth L1 is 181.8mm, the outer circle D2 of the cylinder part of the flexible gear body 101 is 203.4H7mm, the outer circle D3 of the teeth of the flexible gear ring 103 is 206.972H6mm, the length L2=194mm, L3= 183.5mm, the thicknesses of the two arms are 1.7mm and 3.486mm respectively through calculation, and the ratio of the inner hole to the wall thickness of the part is more than 110, thus the flexible gear is a part which is easy to deform.
The outer circle processing tool for the thin-wall part is composed of a core 3, a mandrel 2, a core fastening screw 4, a positioning sleeve 5, a positioning sleeve bakelite block 6, a compression nut bakelite block 7 and a self-made compression nut 8 which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe.
One end of the shaft end of the core 3 (shown in fig. 2) is provided with a cylindrical clamping end 301; the cylindrical clamping end 301 is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core 3 on the numerical control lathe. The cylindrical clamping end 301 is adopted, so that quick and high-precision positioning and clamping of the tool on a numerical control lathe are facilitated.
The middle part of the shaft body of the core 3 is provided with a mounting flange 303; the mounting flange 303 is formed by coaxially fastening the core 3 and the mandrel 2 together using the core fastening screw 4 and a spacer.
It can be seen that the tool main body, namely the core 3 and the mandrel 2 are designed into a split structure, so that split processing of the supporting structure is facilitated, materials are saved, the tool is light in weight, and clamping of the tool is conveniently completed by one person.
Therefore, the invention adopts the split type tool design of the mandrel hollow structure, which is described later, and the loading and unloading of the tool on the numerical control lathe can be completed by a single operator, so that the technical problems of large dead weight and inconvenient disassembly and clamping of the existing tool are solved.
The other end of the shaft end of the core 3 is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod 302, the fine tooth thread design is adopted, the rotation operation of the positioning sleeve 5 and the self-made compression nut 8 on the fine tooth external thread is realized, the axial displacement positioning assembly precision is improved, and the disassembly and assembly of parts are stable.
During manufacturing, the positioning sleeve 5 is provided with the internal thread 5a, the self-made compression nut 8 is provided with the internal thread 8a, the internal threads 5a and 8a of the two parts and the external thread 3a of the core 3 are required to be matched and processed, the possible small matching clearance between the internal thread and the external thread is ensured, and the self-made compression nut can be smoothly screwed in and out without clamping stagnation, so that the parts can be quickly disassembled and assembled.
Furthermore, the parallelism of the two vertical end surfaces of the parts of the positioning sleeve 5 and the self-made compression nut 8 is not more than 0.015mm, so that the positioning sleeve 5 and the self-made compression nut 8 are guaranteed to be firmly attached to the stability of the vertical end surfaces of the parts after being installed in a rotating axial displacement manner.
The fine tooth external threaded rod 302 extends from the inner side of the mandrel 2 to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel 2 so as to assemble the positioning sleeve 5 and self-made compression nut 8 at the extending end.
The center of the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel 2 is provided with a concave step hole 202; the concave step hole 202 is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6, namely, the preassembling of the dismounting mechanism consisting of the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 is realized.
The other end of the positioning sleeve 5 extends out of the concave stepped hole 202 of the mandrel 2; the other end of the positioning sleeve 5 extends out and is used for facilitating the hand-held wrench to screw the positioning sleeve 5, and the positioning sleeve 5 is screwed and disassembled. I.e., the positioning sleeve 5 is screwed with the fine-tooth male screw rod 302 to be fitted into the female stepped hole 202.
The longitudinal section of the positioning sleeve 5 is of a T-shaped structure, and a positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 is arranged on the outer side step shaft end surface 501 of the positioning sleeve 5 accommodated in the concave step hole 202. Namely, the rubber wood blocks are arranged on the working surface of the positioning sleeve 5, and the vibration of the processing is buffered through the rubber wood blocks, and the rubber wood blocks are particularly used for protecting workpieces from damaging and grinding parts.
The end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel 2 and the outer cylindrical surface are all concentrically in interference fit with the open end of the cylindrical flexible gear body 101 of the thin-wall part 1. And the outer side shaft end surface of the mandrel 2 is adhered to the inner side shaft end surface of the flexspline body 101, and the mandrel 2 is made to fill the flexspline body 101.
The tool is used for supporting the hollow structure of the part to be machined from the inside, so that the part is prevented from deforming during turning of the outer circle, and the problem that the thin-wall part is easy to deform during machining is solved.
On the basis of the method, the device comprises the following steps: the end face of the outer side shaft of the flexible gear flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1 is provided with a nut glue wood block 7; that is, the part is prevented from being deformed by applying an axial thrust to the part via the flexspline 102 by the flexspline 102 which is the strongest part of the thin-walled part 1 itself.
The end face of the outer shaft of the nut glue block 7 is provided with a self-made compression nut 8; the self-made compression nut 8 is screwed to be matched with the fine tooth external threaded rod 302; and when the self-made compression nut 8 and the nut glue wood block 7 are axially displaced inwards, the self-made compression nut is used for assembling the thin-wall part 1 in interference fit with the mandrel 2. Similarly, when the locating sleeve 5 and the locating sleeve bakelite block 6 axially displace outwards, the locating sleeve and the locating sleeve bakelite block are used for removing the interference fit thin-wall part 1 from the mandrel 2.
Therefore, by adopting rotation operation and axial micro-displacement of the dismounting mechanism, the interference fit dismounting operation of the parts can be realized stably, reliably, concentrically, efficiently and simply. The clamping device is simple in structure, clamping difficulty of interference fit is effectively simplified, machining precision is guaranteed, and machining efficiency is improved.
(As shown in fig. 1) in the above embodiment, further: the thin-wall part 1 is a flexible gear of a harmonic reducer; the flexible gear is a thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear, the thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear comprises a hollow thin-wall cylindrical flexible gear body 101, and a flexible gear flange 102 is formed at one end of the flexible gear body 101; the outer circle of the other end of the flexible gear body 101 is provided with a flexible gear ring 103; the ratio of the diameter D1 of the inner hole 104 of the cylinder body of the flexible gear body 101 to the wall thickness of the flexible gear body 101 is larger than 110.
Step S2 (shown in figure 3), firstly, coaxially fastening the core 3 and the mandrel 2 into a whole by using a core fastening screw 4; and then clamping and fixing the outer circle C0 of the cylindrical clamping end 301 at the shaft end of the core 3 on a numerical control lathe so as to install the outer circle machining tool of the thin-wall part in place.
The dimension L5 of the core 3 must be greater than the axial length of the dimension L2 of the large thin-wall part 1, so as to ensure smooth extraction of the part after the outer circle of the thin-wall part 1 is machined.
The dimension C1 of the core 3 and the dimension C2 of the mandrel 3 can be designed to be in clearance fit so as to be convenient to assemble and disassemble; and the gap should be small enough to ensure the mounting coaxiality of the spindle and the core. Preferably, the tolerance of the outer circle C0 of the core 3 is h6, and the tolerance is the reference of the fixture support positioning assembly.
And S3, aligning the outer circle H2 201 of the mandrel 2 so that the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel 2 meets the process requirement. If the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel 2 does not meet the process requirement, loosening the core fastening screw 4, and manually rotating the adjusting mandrel 2 after the core fastening screw 4 is withdrawn out of the core fastening screw mounting hole formed in the shaft end face of the mandrel 2 until the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel 2 meets the requirement, and fastening the core fastening screw 4 again.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that: the mandrel 2 has an outer circle H2 circle runout of not more than 0.010mm.
S4, coaxially screwing a fine tooth external threaded rod 3a which is arranged at the other end of the shaft end of the core 3 with a spanner to fit and install the positioning sleeve 5, until the positioning sleeve 5 is screwed into an inward concave step hole 202 which is arranged at the center of the outer side of the mandrel 2, and enabling a vertical inward concave reference positioning surface F2021 at the limit position of the inward concave step hole 202 to be stuck on the end face of the inner side shaft of the positioning sleeve 5; the outside step shaft end surface 501 of the locating sleeve 5 is sleeved with a locating sleeve bakelite block 6. The dismounting mechanism is pre-mounted on the tool, and the dismounting operation of the dismounting mechanism is convenient.
And S5, using a self-made compression nut 8 and a nut glue wood block 7 on the outer shaft body of the mandrel 2, and coaxially and in an interference fit manner, mounting the thin-wall part 1 on the mandrel 2. In order to solve the problem that the interference fit installation difficulty of the parts on the mandrel is large:
in the above embodiment, further: the step S5 includes the steps of:
step S501, the open end of the cylinder inner hole 104 of the flexible gear body 101 of the thin-wall part 1 faces the shaft end vertical reference positioning surface G204 of the mandrel 2, so that the cylinder inner hole 104D1 is lapped on the outer end of the outer circle H2 of the mandrel 2, and thus the head recognition operation is realized.
And S502, mounting a gland nut glue wood block 7 on the outer vertical shaft end surface of the flexible wheel flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1.
And step S503, screwing a self-made compression nut 8 on the fine tooth external threaded rod 3023 a at the end of the core 3 by using a spanner.
Step S504, rotating the self-made compression nut 8, attaching the inner vertical shaft end surface of the self-made compression nut 8 to the outer vertical shaft end surface of the nut glue block 7, and pushing the compression nut glue block 7 to axially displace until the compression nut glue block 7 pushes the thin-wall part 1 to axially displace, and tightly compressing and fixing the thin-wall part 1 on the vertical reference positioning surface G of the shaft end of the mandrel 2, so that the thin-wall part 1 is clamped in place in the concentric interference fit of the outer circle H2 of the mandrel 2.
Therefore, the thin-wall part 1 and the outer circle H2 of the mandrel 2 are installed in interference fit, so that the inner hole 104, namely D1, of the cylinder body of the thin-wall part 1 is effectively expanded, and the outer circle machining deformation of the part is prevented.
And S6, turning the outer circle of the thin-wall part 1. In the machining process of the outer circles D2 and D3 of the thin-wall parts, the inner hole B1 of the thin-wall part 1 is in interference fit with the outer circle B2 of the mandrel 2, so that the supporting mechanism and the dismounting mechanism are connected with the thin-wall part 1 into a whole, and the thin-wall part 1 is prevented from being deformed too much in the turning process.
(In connection with fig. 6 and 7) to ensure turning accuracy: in the above embodiment, further: in step S6, the turning tool moves along a path from the axially outer side to the axially inner side of the thin-walled part 1. I.e. the track of the tool in the turning process is A-B (circular arc), C-D (circular arc) and E.
Turning process of the outer circle D2 of the flexible gear body 101 of the thin-wall part 1 and turning process of the outer circle D3 of the flexible gear ring 103 of the thin-wall part 1 are four times in centimeters: namely, when blanks of the outer circle D2 and the outer circle D3 respectively have 0.25mm of allowance, turning of the outer circle D2 and the outer circle D3 is equally divided into four times of feeding amount adjusting processing: the first feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the second feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the third feeding amount is 0.02mm/r, and the fourth feeding amount is 0.005 mm-0.01 mm/r until turning is completed.
And in the fourth feeding process, the outer circle size needs to be properly adjusted according to the actual measured outer circle size so as to meet the outer circle size requirements of the thin-wall part D2 (phi 203.4h7mm) and D3 (phi 206.972h6mm). Moreover, the dimensions of the thin-walled parts D2, D3 are inspected on the equipment to ensure that the inspection data matches the machining conditions.
And S7, after the processing of the outer circles D2 and D3 of the thin-wall part 1 is finished, sequentially disassembling the self-made compression nut 8 and the compression nut bakelite block 7, and then disassembling the processed thin-wall part 1 by using the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6.
In order to solve the problem that the difficulty of the interference fit disassembly of the parts on the mandrel is large: in the above embodiment, further: in step S7, the method for dismounting the machined thin-walled part 1 on the mandrel 2 in interference fit with the machined thin-walled part is as follows: when the self-made compression nut 8 and the compression nut bakelite block 7 are removed successively, a spanner is used for rotating the extending end 502 of the positioning sleeve 5, so that the outer step shaft end surface 501 of the positioning sleeve 5 pushes the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 to displace axially outwards, the outer shaft end surface of the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 displaced axially outwards is attached to the inner shaft end surface of the flexible wheel flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1, the thin-wall part 1 is pushed to displace axially outwards in an anti-wear way until the thin-wall part 1 is completely separated from the mandrel 2, and the thin-wall part 1 is detached from the mandrel 2.
It should be noted that: all glue wooden block structures are used for preventing steel parts from being damaged by contact with the steel parts, and are two specially designed protection parts for reducing abrasion and vibration, so that the service time of the tool is further prolonged.
Step S8, repeating the step S5, the step S6 and the step S7, namely, reassembling a new part to be machined, and disassembling the newly machined part after the new part is machined; the same tool is repeatedly used in a reciprocating mode, and batch processing of the thin-wall part 1 is achieved.
The disassembling tool consisting of the locating sleeve 5 and the locating sleeve bakelite block 6 is visible; clamping tools consisting of compression nut glue blocks 7 and self-made compression nuts 8; the dismounting tool and the clamping tool are attached to contact the workpiece through a bakelite block structure; the bakelite block is designed, so that the tool can be reused conveniently, abrasion and vibration are reduced, and the problem that the existing thin-wall parts and the loading and unloading tools are seriously abraded is solved.
The invention further comprises a thin-wall part outer circle machining tool which is composed of a core 3, a mandrel 2, a core fastening screw 4, a positioning sleeve 5, a positioning sleeve bakelite block 6, a compression nut bakelite block 7 and a self-made compression nut 8 which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe.
One end of the shaft end of the core 3 is provided with a cylindrical clamping end 301; the cylindrical clamping end 301 is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core 3 on the numerical control lathe. So as to ensure the clamping precision and improve the clamping speed.
The middle part of the shaft body of the core 3 is provided with a mounting flange 303; the coaxial fixation of the core and the mandrel is convenient. I.e. the mounting flange 303 is used to coaxially fasten the core 3 to the spindle 2 as one piece using the core fastening screw 4.
The other end of the shaft end of the core 3 is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod 302, and the fine tooth external threaded rod 302 extends from the inner side of the mandrel 2 to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel 2. The fine thread design is adopted, so that the part clamping precision and the part assembling and disassembling stability are effectively improved.
When the fixture is used, simple rotation operation is adopted, and the fixture cooperates with the design of the fine-tooth external threaded rod 302, so that not only can the interference fit installation of the part on the mandrel 2 be realized, but also the clamping operation of the part 1 on the fixture is simple and convenient, and the machining efficiency is improved; and the fine tooth external threaded rod 302 can effectively improve the coaxial positioning precision of the part and the tool, so that the coaxial matching of the part and the tool mandrel is tight, and the stability is good.
The center of the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel 2 is provided with a concave step hole 202; the concave stepped hole 202 is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve 5 and the bakelite block 6 of the positioning sleeve.
The other end of the positioning sleeve 5 extends out of the concave stepped hole 202 of the mandrel 2, and the extending end of the positioning sleeve 5 is used for facilitating the rotating operation of the wrench.
The positioning sleeve 5 is screwed with the fine tooth external threaded rod 302 to be installed in the concave stepped hole 202, namely, the compact design tool.
The outer step shaft end surface 501 of the positioning sleeve 5 accommodated in the concave step hole 202 is provided with a positioning sleeve bakelite block 6. The locating sleeve bakelite block 6 is arranged on the working surface of the locating sleeve 5 to prevent the tool from wearing parts.
The end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel 2 and the outer cylindrical surface are concentrically and in interference fit with the open end of the cylindrical flexible gear body 101 of the thin-wall part 1. The fixture is filled with the part flexible wheel body 101, so that head recognition is realized.
The outer side shaft end surface of the mandrel 2 is tightly adhered to the inner side shaft end surface of the flexible gear body 101, and the mandrel 2 is enabled to fill the flexible gear body 101, so that deformation of parts is prevented when the parts are turned outside.
The end face of the outer side shaft of the flexible gear flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1 is provided with a nut glue wood block 7; also, the nut glue block 7 is used for vibration reduction and also used for preventing the tool from wearing parts.
The end face of the outer shaft of the nut glue block 7 is provided with a self-made compression nut 8; the self-made compression nut 8 is screwed to be matched with the fine tooth external threaded rod 302; and when the self-made compression nut 8 and the nut glue wood block 7 are axially displaced inwards, the self-made compression nut is used for assembling the thin-wall part 1 in interference fit with the mandrel 2. Therefore, the parts are axially compressed in a rotating mode and are installed in an interference fit mode, so that the interference fit installation operation of the parts is simpler, stable and efficient.
Namely, when the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 axially rotate outwards to displace, the positioning sleeve 5 and the positioning sleeve bakelite block 6 axially slightly displace are used for dismantling the interference fit thin-wall part 1 at the mandrel 2, so that the interference fit dismantling operation becomes simple and easy to implement.
In the above embodiment, further: the mandrel 2 is a cast iron mandrel; the core 3 is a steel core. When the material is used for manufacturing the tool part, the tool is more durable.
The mandrel 2, the core 3, the positioning sleeve 5 and the self-made compression nut 8 are all parts which are subjected to heat treatment and aging treatment and are not easy to wear, so that the service life of the tool is prolonged, and the self-made compression nut is suitable for repeated use.
The center of the mandrel 2 is provided with a lightening hole 203. I.e. the engineering is hollow, which solves the problems of heavy assembly of the original engineering and inconvenient disassembly by a single person.
In the above embodiment, further: the outer diameter of the self-made compression nut 8 and the nut glue wood block 7 compression working end face is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the flexible wheel flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1.
Therefore, the outer diameter of the self-made compression nut 8 is not larger than the outer diameter of the flexible wheel flange 102 of the thin-wall part 1, and when the self-made compression nut 8 axially compresses the workpiece 1, the problem of deformation of the edge of the flexible wheel flange 102 is prevented.
(As shown in fig. 5) in the above embodiment, further: the positioning sleeve 5 is provided with a square handle 9 from the protruding end 502 of the concave step hole 202 formed in the mandrel 2 and the non-working shaft end surface at the outer side of the self-made compression nut 8; the dimension D7 of the square handle 9 is matched with the dimension D6 of the wrench.
Take the example of installing a self-made compression nut 8 (in conjunction with fig. 3 and 6): during installation, a spanner is clamped on the D7 flat head structures on two sides of the self-made compression nut 8, and the spanner is manually rotated to be screwed in slowly until the reference E end face of the thin-wall part 1 is in close contact with the reference G end face of the mandrel 2, and at the moment, the thin-wall part 1 is proved to be installed in place.
(As shown in fig. 1,3 and 7), the above embodiment further comprises: the edge of the end face of the outer side shaft of the mandrel 2 is provided with a round angle R2; a round angle R1 is formed at the corner of the end face of the inner shaft of the flexible gear body 101 of the thin-wall part 1; and a gap is reserved between the round corner R2 and the round corner R1.
Therefore, a gap is reserved between the edge fillet R2 of the mandrel 2 and the fillet R1 on the inner side of the flexible wheel body 101 of the thin-wall part 1, so that the thin-wall part 1 is easy to detach after the outer circle turning is finished, and the deformation of the part is reduced.
From the above description it can be found that: the split type hollow structure tool realizes the grinding processing instead of turning, and achieves the purposes of saving time and cost and improving efficiency; the tool has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and manufacturing, excellent manufacturability, repeated use, economy and practicality, and suitability for popularization and promotion. The invention expands the processing range of the excircle of the thin-wall part, can process the thin-wall part such as 120-type flexible gear, 160-type flexible gear and 250-type flexible gear, and has good manufacturability and high qualification rate.
In summary, the special split type hollow protective wear-resistant tool with a pure mechanical structure is adopted, and the turning is used for replacing grinding, so that the purposes of saving time and cost are achieved, and the technical problems of labor, time and labor waste in the existing flexible gear processing are solved. By adopting the tool disclosed by the invention, the tool is simple in design structure, light in dead weight and excellent in wear-resistant effect; the assembly and disassembly operations of the parts from the tool are simple, stable and efficient; the parts are not deformed, and the processing efficiency is high; the tool can be reused, and is economical and practical; stable, reliable and efficient, and is suitable for popularization and promotion.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a related manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for processing the outer circle of the thin-wall part, the method is characterized in that: an excircle machining tool of a thin-wall part with a split hollow structure and wear resistance is used; after the outer circle processing tool of the thin-wall part is clamped on a numerical control lathe, a self-made compression nut (8) and a compression nut glue wood block (7) in the outer circle processing tool of the thin-wall part are used, the thin-wall part (1) to be processed is clamped and fixed on the tool in a concentric interference fit manner in a rotary axial displacement compression mode, and the tool is fully supported with the thin-wall part (1) from the inside to prevent the thin-wall part from deforming; after the thin-wall part is machined, a locating sleeve (5) and a locating sleeve rubber wood block (6) in an excircle machining tool of the thin-wall part are used, and the machined thin-wall part (1) is removed from the tool in a rotary axial displacement reverse pushing and withdrawing mode; re-clamping a new thin-wall part (1) to be processed, and disassembling the new thin-wall part after the new thin-wall part is processed, so that batch processing of the thin-wall part (1) is completed in a reciprocating manner;
the method comprises the following steps:
S1, machining and manufacturing a mandrel (2), a core (3), a positioning sleeve (5), a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6), a compression nut rubber wood block (7) and a self-made compression nut (8) of a thin-wall part excircle machining tool;
s2, a core (3) and a mandrel (2) are coaxially fastened and connected into a whole by using a core fastening screw (4), and then an outer circle C0 of a cylindrical clamping end (301) at the shaft end of the core (3) is clamped and fixed on a numerical control lathe so as to install a thin-wall part outer circle machining tool in place;
S3, aligning the outer circle H2 (201) of the mandrel (2) to enable the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel (2) to meet the process requirement; if the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel (2) does not meet the process requirement, loosening the core fastening screw (4) and manually rotating the adjusting mandrel (2) after the core fastening screw (4) is withdrawn from a core fastening screw mounting hole formed in the shaft end surface of the mandrel (2) until the circle runout of the outer circle of the mandrel (2) meets the requirement, and re-fastening the core fastening screw (4);
S4, coaxially screwing a locating sleeve (5) on a fine tooth external threaded rod (302) 3a which is arranged at the other end of the shaft end of the core (3) by using a spanner until the locating sleeve (5) is screwed into an inward concave stepped hole (202) which is arranged at the center of the outer side of the mandrel (2), and enabling a vertical inward concave reference locating surface F (2021) at the limit position of the inward concave stepped hole (202) to be stuck on the end face of the inner side shaft of the locating sleeve (5); a step shaft end surface (501) provided with a positioning sleeve (5) is sleeved with a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6);
S5, coaxially and interference-fitting a self-made compression nut (8) and a nut glue wood block (7) on the outer shaft body of the mandrel (2) to install the thin-wall part (1);
s6, turning an outer circle of the thin-wall part (1);
s7, sequentially disassembling the self-made compression nut (8) and the compression nut glue wood block (7), and disassembling the processed thin-wall part (1) by using the positioning sleeve (5) and the positioning sleeve glue wood block (6);
s8, repeating the step S5, the step S6 and the step S7, and processing the thin-wall parts (1) in batches;
The outer circle processing tool for the thin-wall part consists of a core (3), a mandrel (2), a core fastening screw (4), a positioning sleeve (5), a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6), a compression nut rubber wood block (7) and a self-made compression nut (8) which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe; one end of the shaft end of the core (3) is provided with a cylindrical clamping end (301); the cylindrical clamping end (301) is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core (3) on the numerical control lathe; the middle part of the shaft body of the core (3) is provided with a mounting flange (303); the mounting flange (303) uses a core fastening screw (4) to coaxially fasten the core (3) and the mandrel (2) into a whole; the other end of the shaft end of the core (3) is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod (302), and the fine tooth external threaded rod (302) extends from the inner side of the mandrel (2) to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel (2); an inward concave stepped hole (202) is formed in the center of the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel (2); the concave step hole (202) is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve (5) and the bakelite block (6) of the positioning sleeve; the other end of the positioning sleeve (5) extends out of the concave stepped hole (202) of the mandrel (2); the positioning sleeve (5) is screwed with the fine-tooth external threaded rod (302) to be installed in the concave stepped hole (202); the outer step shaft end face (501) of the positioning sleeve (5) accommodated in the inner concave step hole (202) is provided with a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6); the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel (2) is concentrically and in interference fit with the open end of a cylindrical flexible gear body (101) of the thin-wall part (1); the end face of the outer side shaft of the mandrel (2) is stuck to the end face of the inner side shaft of the flexible gear body (101), and the mandrel (2) is used for filling the flexible gear body (101); the end face of the outer side shaft of the flexible gear flange (102) of the thin-wall part (1) is provided with a nut rubber wood block (7); the end face of the outer shaft of the nut glue block (7) is provided with a self-made compression nut (8); the self-made compression nut (8) is screwed to be matched with the fine-tooth external threaded rod (302); the self-made compression nut (8) and the nut glue wood block (7) are used for assembling the thin-wall part (1) in interference fit when the mandrel (2) is displaced axially inwards; and the positioning sleeve (5) and the positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6) are used for removing the interference fit thin-wall part (1) when the mandrel (2) is axially displaced outwards.
2. The method for processing the outer circle of the thin-walled part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thin-wall part (1) is a flexible gear of a harmonic reducer; the flexible gear is a thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear, the thin-wall cup-shaped flexible gear comprises a hollow thin-wall cylindrical flexible gear body (101), and a flexible gear flange (102) is formed at one end of the flexible gear body (101); a flexible gear ring (103) is arranged on the outer circle of the other end of the flexible gear body (101); wherein the ratio of the diameter D1 of the inner hole (104) of the cylinder body of the flexible gear body (101) to the wall thickness of the flexible gear body (101) is more than 110.
3. The method for processing the outer circle of the thin-walled part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S5 comprises the steps of:
S501, enabling an open end of a cylinder inner hole (104) of a flexible gear body (101) of the thin-wall part (1) to face a shaft end vertical reference positioning surface G (204) of a mandrel (2) so as to enable the cylinder inner hole (104) D1 to be lapped on the outer side end part of an excircle H2 (201) of the mandrel (2);
S502, mounting a compression nut glue wood block (7) on the outer vertical shaft end surface of the flexible wheel flange (102) of the thin-wall part (1);
S503, screwing a self-made compression nut (8) on a fine tooth external threaded rod (302) 3a at the shaft end of the core (3) by using a spanner;
S504, rotating the self-made compression nut (8), attaching the inner vertical shaft end surface of the self-made compression nut (8) to the outer vertical shaft end surface of the nut glue block (7) for pushing the axial displacement of the compression nut glue block (7) until the compression nut glue block (7) pushes the thin-wall part (1) to axially displace, and tightly compacting and fixing the thin-wall part (1) on the vertical shaft end reference positioning surface G (204) of the mandrel (2), so that the thin-wall part (1) is clamped in place on the outer circle H2 (201) of the mandrel (2) in a concentric interference fit manner.
4. The method for processing the outer circle of the thin-walled part according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
In the step S6, the track of the turning tool is from the outer side to the inner side of the thin-wall part (1) in the axial direction; turning process of excircle D2 of flexible gear body (101) of thin-wall part (1) and turning process of excircle D3 of flexible gear ring (103) of thin-wall part (1), when excircle D2 and excircle D3's blank had 0.25mm volume respectively, the turning of excircle D2 and excircle D3 equally divide four times feed volume adjustment processing: the first feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the second feeding amount is 0.05mm/r, the third feeding amount is 0.02mm/r, and the fourth feeding amount is 0.005 mm-0.01 mm/r; in the step S7, the method for detaching the processed thin-wall part (1) on the mandrel (2) in coaxial interference fit with the thin-wall part is as follows: when self-made gland nut (8) and gland nut bakelite block (7) are removed successively, a spanner is used for rotating the extending end (502) of the positioning sleeve (5), so that the outer step shaft end face (501) of the positioning sleeve (5) pushes the positioning sleeve bakelite block (6) to displace axially outwards, the outer side shaft end face of the positioning sleeve bakelite block (6) displaced axially outwards is attached to the inner side shaft end face of the flexible wheel flange (102) of the thin-wall part (1), the thin-wall part (1) is pushed to displace axially outwards until the thin-wall part (1) is completely separated from the mandrel (2), and the thin-wall part (1) is detached from the mandrel (2).
5. The thin-walled part outer circle processing tool used in the thin-walled part outer circle processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the outer circle processing tool for the thin-wall part consists of a core (3), a mandrel (2), a core fastening screw (4), a positioning sleeve (5), a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6), a compression nut rubber wood block (7) and a self-made compression nut (8) which are sequentially assembled on a numerical control lathe;
One end of the shaft end of the core (3) is provided with a cylindrical clamping end (301); the cylindrical clamping end (301) is used for coaxially clamping and fixing the core (3) on the numerical control lathe; the middle part of the shaft body of the core (3) is provided with a mounting flange (303); the mounting flange (303) uses a core fastening screw (4) to coaxially fasten the core (3) and the mandrel (2) into a whole; the other end of the shaft end of the core (3) is provided with a fine tooth external threaded rod (302), and the fine tooth external threaded rod (302) extends from the inner side of the mandrel (2) to the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel (2); an inward concave stepped hole (202) is formed in the center of the outer side of the shaft end of the mandrel (2); the concave step hole (202) is used for accommodating one end of the positioning sleeve (5) and the bakelite block (6) of the positioning sleeve; the other end of the positioning sleeve (5) extends out of the concave stepped hole (202) of the mandrel (2); the positioning sleeve (5) is screwed with the fine-tooth external threaded rod (302) to be installed in the concave stepped hole (202); the outer step shaft end face (501) of the positioning sleeve (5) accommodated in the inner concave step hole (202) is provided with a positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6); the end face of the outer shaft of the mandrel (2) is concentrically and in interference fit with the open end of a cylindrical flexible gear body (101) of the thin-wall part (1); the end face of the outer side shaft of the mandrel (2) is stuck to the end face of the inner side shaft of the flexible gear body (101), and the mandrel (2) is used for filling the flexible gear body (101); the end face of the outer side shaft of the flexible gear flange (102) of the thin-wall part (1) is provided with a nut rubber wood block (7); the end face of the outer shaft of the nut glue block (7) is provided with a self-made compression nut (8); the self-made compression nut (8) is screwed to be matched with the fine-tooth external threaded rod (302); the self-made compression nut (8) and the nut glue wood block (7) are used for assembling the thin-wall part (1) in interference fit when the mandrel (2) is displaced axially inwards; and the positioning sleeve (5) and the positioning sleeve rubber wood block (6) are used for removing the interference fit thin-wall part (1) when the mandrel (2) is axially displaced outwards.
6. The thin-walled part outer circle machining tool according to claim 5, wherein: the mandrel (2) is a cast iron mandrel; the core (3) is a steel core; the mandrel (2), the core (3), the positioning sleeve (5) and the self-made compression nut (8) are all high-hardness parts which are not easy to wear after heat treatment and aging treatment; the circle runout of the excircle H2 (201) of the mandrel (2) is not more than 0.010mm; the center of the mandrel (2) is provided with a lightening hole (203).
7. The thin-walled part outer circle machining tool according to claim 5, wherein: the outer diameter of the self-made compression nut (8) and the nut glue wood block (7) compression working end face is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the flexible wheel flange (102) of the thin-wall part (1).
8. The thin-walled part outer circle machining tool according to claim 5, wherein: the positioning sleeve (5) is provided with an extending end (502) from a concave step hole (202) formed in the mandrel (2), and square handles (9) are respectively formed on the outer side non-working shaft end surfaces of the self-made compression nuts (8); the size of the square handle (9) is matched with the working size of the wrench.
9. The thin-walled part outer circle machining tool according to claim 5, wherein: the edge of the end face of the outer side shaft of the mandrel (2) is provided with a round angle R2; a fillet R1 is formed in the corner of the end face of the inner shaft of the flexible gear body (101) of the thin-wall part (1); and a gap is reserved between the round corner R2 and the round corner R1.
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