CN114737117A - High-hardness and high-rust-resistance stainless steel 316L and sintering process thereof - Google Patents
High-hardness and high-rust-resistance stainless steel 316L and sintering process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
- B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention discloses stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance and a sintering process thereof, wherein the chemical element components of the stainless steel 316L comprise C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, N and Fe; the sintering process of the stainless steel 316L comprises the following steps: (1) preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process; (2) placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing gas, and carrying out negative pressure degreasing to obtain an MIM degreased blank; (3) placing the MIM degreased blank in the vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering; (4) introducing the same gas as the step (2) to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase; (5) carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body; (6) and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product. The invention can keep the high-temperature austenite structure of all stainless steel 316L, and the stainless steel 316L is obtained after cooling and has high hardness and high rust resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel, in particular to high-hardness and high-rust-resistance stainless steel 316L and a sintering process thereof.
Background
Stainless steel 316L (SUS 316L) is 3 series stainless steel commonly known in japan, and is called GB022Cr17Ni12Mo2 in our country, where 022 represents a probe content of less than 0.03 wt%, which is an industrially important corrosion resistant material, and is also a high-grade metal for decorative appearance in commercial use, and it has a good intergranular corrosion resistance effect, and has advantages of high temperature resistance, easy processing, high strength, and the like, but it cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and thus it is very easily scratched to cause surface abrasion in a state of low hardness. The nickel and the chromium in the 316L component of the stainless steel are two major elements for the rust resistance and the corrosion resistance of the series of stainless steel, and particularly the content of the nickel is about 316L in general.
The stainless steel 316L has the advantages that the stainless steel 316L has super-strong corrosion resistance, molybdenum (Mo) is additionally added, the molybdenum enables the stainless steel 316L to be used under harsher corrosion conditions, the stainless steel 316L has excellent processing hardenability and non-magnetic property, the stainless steel 316L has pitting corrosion resistance due to 2-3% of molybdenum, and the molybdenum is easily dispersed in the boundaries of crystal grains to prevent oxidation from invading crystals. The stainless steel 316L has proper corrosion resistance in various organic acids, inorganic acids, alkalis, salts and seawater, and the corrosion resistance in an acid medium is far better than that of 304L and 304L.
For the stainless steel 316L product manufactured by metal powder injection molding, there are disadvantages of too low hardness and poor polishing, because forging or secondary mechanical strengthening cannot be added after the sintering process of powder metallurgy, and therefore, another means is needed to improve the hardness and high rust-proof property of the powder injection molding stainless steel 316L.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a first object of the present invention to provide stainless steel 316L of high hardness and high rust prevention.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a sintering process of stainless steel 316L having high hardness and high rust prevention.
In order to realize the first purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 16-18%; nickel Ni: 14-15%; molybdenum Mo: 3-4%; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the stainless steel 316L comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 17 percent; nickel Ni: 14.5 percent; molybdenum Mo: 3.5 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
In the invention, nickel and nitrogen are used as austenite stabilizing elements, which is beneficial to obtaining more stainless steel 316L with an austenite structure, and can improve the hardness and the high polishing rotation optical activity of the stainless steel 316L, in addition, the content of nickel is improved, so that the vaporization loss of nickel in the high-temperature sintering process in the sintering process is reduced, and meanwhile, the corrosion resistance, namely the rust prevention capability of the stainless steel 316L can be enhanced by improving the content of nickel.
In the present invention, the chemical element "N" component exists in the form of chromium nitride and iron nitride in the stainless steel 316L, nitrogen N reacts with chromium Cr to produce chromium nitride CrN, and nitrogen N reacts with iron Fe to produce iron nitride Fe6N2。
In order to achieve the second purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a sintering process of high hardness and high rust resistance stainless steel 316L, the sintering process comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing gas, and heating and degreasing the MIM green body under acid catalysis and negative pressure to obtain an MIM degreased body;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank in the vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing the same gas as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on the austenite crystal phase in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
In the sintering process steps of the high-hardness and high-rust-resistance stainless steel 316L, the first step is the manufacturing of an MIM green body, the second step is a negative pressure degreasing step, the third step is vacuum sintering, namely a downward pumping sintering step, the fourth step is a partial pressure sintering step, the fifth step is an austenite stabilization sintering step, and the sixth step is a cooling step; in the cooling step of the sixth step, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is raised back to 86Kpa to turn on the fan to prevent short circuit of the electric appliance in the vacuum state, and the cooling fan is disposed under the same pressure environment as that in the vacuum furnace, so that the safety pressure needs to be carefully set.
Preferably, in the second step, the heating temperature is 150 ℃ to 800 ℃, and after the negative pressure heating degreasing in the second step, the residual binder in the MIM degreased blank is removed, so the temperature cannot be too low or too high, preferably 150 ℃ to 800 ℃.
Preferably, in the second step, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is 20 to 50Kpa, and the flow rate of the gas is 5 to 50L/min.
Preferably, the gas is nitrogen, argon or a mixture of nitrogen and argon at any ratio, and in the second step and the fourth step, an inert gas is introduced into the vacuum furnace.
Preferably, the ratio of the nitrogen to the argon is 100% to 0%, 75% to 25%, 50% to 50%, 25% to 75% or 0% to 100% by volume.
Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum sintering is 1000-1050 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-4Pa, and the sintering time is 30 min. In the present invention, carbon monoxide is generated by reaction of graphite carbon at a high temperature, and in order to reduce metal oxides to metals by carbon monoxide at a relatively low temperature and to remove residual binder, it is necessary to maintain the vacuum degree of the vacuum furnace at an optimum level, and in the present invention, the preferred vacuum degree is 1 × 10-2～1×10-4Pa, the corresponding vacuum sintering temperature is preferably 1000-1050 ℃, the sintering time is 30min, in the invention, after the negative pressure degreasing step in the previous stage is finished, the temperature in the vacuum furnace is reduced, and in the vacuum sintering step in the stage, the temperature in the vacuum furnace needs to be increased within 2h to meet the temperature requirement of the vacuum sintering step.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is 5 to 60KPa, and in the fourth step, the introduced nitrogen gas or argon gas or a mixed gas of nitrogen gas and argon gas in an arbitrary ratio is further used to control the pressure change in the vacuum furnace, and the flow rate of the introduced gas is changed according to the pressure change, and in the fourth step of the present invention, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is preferably 5 to 60 KPa.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the pressure of the nitrogen is 5 to 50KPa, and the flow rate is 5 to 50L/min. In the present invention, nitrogen is an important factor for stabilizing austenite, and therefore, the austenite stabilizing sintering in the fifth step is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the surface of the stainless steel 316L after sintering can be densified and the hardness can be increased in the nitrogen atmosphere, and in this process, the nitrogen reacts with chromium to form chromium nitride CrN, and in order to achieve this effect, the pressure of nitrogen is preferably 5 to 50KPa, and the flow rate is preferably 5 to 50L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the present invention, the vaporization loss of nickel during the high-temperature sintering process in the sintering process is reduced by increasing the content of nickel, and at the same time, the corrosion resistance, i.e., the rust prevention ability, of stainless steel 316L can be enhanced by increasing the content of nickel.
(2) In the fifth step of the sintering process, austenite stabilizing sintering is carried out on austenite crystal phase in a nitrogen atmosphere, so that the high-temperature austenite structure of the stainless steel 316L sintered body can be reserved, and the stainless steel 316L finished product obtained after cooling has high hardness and high anti-rust performance.
(3) In the present invention, nickel and nitrogen as austenite stabilizing elements contribute to more austenite stainless steel 316L, and the hardness and high polishing rotation of stainless steel 316L can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface view of stainless steel 316L before salt spray testing.
FIG. 2 is a surface view of stainless steel 316L after salt spray testing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further understood from the specific examples given below, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example one
The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 17 percent; nickel Ni: 14.5 percent; molybdenum Mo: 3.5 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing nitrogen, wherein the pressure of the nitrogen is 30KPa, and the flow rate is 25L/min, and degreasing the nitrogen-containing MIM green body under the condition that the acid catalysis negative pressure heating temperature is 600 ℃ to obtain an MIM degreased green body;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank at 1000 deg.C and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-2～1×10-4Vacuum sintering is carried out in a vacuum furnace with Pa for 30 min;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing nitrogen which is the same as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace to 5-60 KPa, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase under the nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of 15KPa and the flow of 10L/min to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
Example two
The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 16 percent; nickel Ni: 14 percent; molybdenum Mo: 3 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing mixed gas formed by mixing 75% of nitrogen and 25% of argon according to volume percentage, wherein the pressure of the mixed gas is 20KPa, and the flow rate is 5L/min, and degreasing the mixed gas under the conditions of acid catalysis, negative pressure and heating temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an MIM degreased blank;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank at 1050 ℃ and 1X 10 vacuum degree-2～1×10-4Vacuum sintering is carried out in a vacuum furnace with Pa for 30 min;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing the mixed gas which is the same as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace to 5-60 KPa, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase in a nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of 30KPa and the flow of 20L/min to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
EXAMPLE III
The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 18 percent; nickel Ni: 15 percent; molybdenum Mo: 4 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing mixed gas formed by mixing 50% of nitrogen and 50% of argon according to volume percentage, wherein the pressure of the mixed gas is 50KPa, and the flow rate is 25L/min, and degreasing the mixed gas under the conditions of acid catalysis, negative pressure and heating temperature of 800 ℃ to obtain an MIM degreased blank;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank at 1030 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-4Vacuum sintering is carried out in a vacuum furnace of Pa for 30 min;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing the mixed gas which is the same as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace to 5-60 KPa, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase under the nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of 5KPa and the flow of 15L/min to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
Example four
The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 16.5 percent; nickel Ni: 14.2 percent; molybdenum Mo: 3.8 percent; n is nitrogen: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing mixed gas formed by mixing 25% of nitrogen and 75% of argon according to volume percentage, wherein the pressure of the mixed gas is 25KPa, and the flow rate is 25L/min, and degreasing the mixed gas under the conditions of acid catalysis, negative pressure and heating temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain an MIM degreased blank;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank at 1010 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-4Vacuum sintering is carried out in a vacuum furnace of Pa for 30 min;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing the mixed gas which is the same as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace to 5-60 KPa, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase under the nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of 10KPa and the flow of 30L/min to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
EXAMPLE five
The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
carbon C is less than 0.03%; manganese Mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5%; chromium Cr: 17.5 percent; nickel Ni: 14.8 percent; molybdenum Mo: 3.2 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies through an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing argon, wherein the pressure of the argon is 30KPa, and the flow rate is 25L/min, and degreasing the blank under the condition of acid catalysis, negative pressure and heating temperature of 450 ℃ to obtain an MIM degreased blank;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank at 1040 deg.C and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-2～1×10-4Vacuum sintering is carried out in a vacuum furnace of Pa for 30 min;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing argon gas which is the same as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace to 5-60 KPa, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on an austenite crystal phase under the nitrogen atmosphere with the pressure of 50KPa and the flow rate of 40L/min to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
In the present invention, HV (vickers) and HR (rockwell) were used as the evaluation of hardness and a salt spray resistance test was used as the evaluation of rust prevention, where HV used an attached weight of 500g as an indentation pressure; the hardness of the stainless steel 316L without the sintering process of the invention is very low, and an HRB scale (100kg loading weight/1/8' hard steel ball indentor) is needed to be used, but when the HRB is more than 100, an HRC scale (150kg loading weight/136-degree diamond cone) is needed to be used.
In the present invention, the stainless steel 316L of example one and the effect thereof after the sintering process of the present invention are compared with the hardness test of the existing stainless steel 316L without the sintering process of the present invention, wherein the hardness comparison results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 hardness comparison results Table
| Hardness control group | HV500g | HRB/HRC |
| Existing stainless steel 316L | 110～120 | HRB88～89 |
| Stainless steel 316L of example one | 195～205 | HRC19.5～20 |
As can be seen from the results in table 1, the hardness of the stainless steel 316L of the example of the present invention after the sintering process of the present invention is significantly better than that of the existing stainless steel 316L without the sintering process of the present invention.
In the invention, 5 parts of the stainless steel 316L of the first embodiment and the effect thereof after the sintering process of the invention are taken for salt spray test, and the stainless steel 316L sintered in the first embodiment is placed in a salt spray testing machine for test, wherein the test conditions of the salt spray test are as follows:
concentration of brine: 5% (mass ratio), saline pH: 6.5-7.2, spraying time: 48h, sample inclination angle: 0 °, spray settling velocity: 1-2 ml/H/80cm2Pressure valve 1kg/cm2The spraying mode is as follows: continuous spray, test chamber temperature: 35 ± 2 ℃, pressure barrel temperature: 47 +/-2 ℃.
The comparison results before and after the salt spray test are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the salt spray test for 144h shows that the surface of the stainless steel 316L has no corrosion, no color change and no other changes, which indicates that the stainless steel 316L after the sintering process of the invention has good rust resistance.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance is characterized by comprising the following chemical element components in percentage by mass:
c is less than 0.03 percent; mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5 percent; cr: 16-18%; ni: 14-15%; mo: 3-4%; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
2. The high-hardness and high-rust inhibitive stainless steel 316L according to claim 1, characterized in that said stainless steel 316L comprises the following chemical element composition in mass fraction percent:
c is less than 0.03 percent; mn is less than 1 percent; p is less than 0.045%; s is less than 0.03%; si is less than 1.5 percent; cr: 17 percent; ni: 14.5 percent; mo: 3.5 percent; n: 0.1 percent; the balance being Fe.
3. The sintering process of high hardness and high rust inhibitive stainless steel 316L according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing stainless steel 316L powder into MIM green bodies by an MIM process;
the second step is that: placing the MIM green body in a vacuum furnace containing gas, and heating and degreasing the MIM green body under acid catalysis and negative pressure to obtain an MIM degreased body;
the third step: placing the MIM degreased blank in the vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering;
the fourth step: after the vacuum sintering is finished, introducing the same gas as that in the second step to increase the pressure in the vacuum furnace, and densifying the MIM degreased blank to form an austenite crystal phase;
the fifth step: carrying out austenite stabilizing sintering on the austenite crystal phase in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a stainless steel 316L sintered body;
and a sixth step: and cooling the stainless steel 316L sintered body to room temperature to obtain a stainless steel 316L finished product.
4. The sintering process of high hardness and high rust inhibitive stainless steel 316L according to claim 3, characterized in that in the second step, the heating temperature is 150 ℃ to 800 ℃.
5. The sintering process of high hardness and high rust preventive stainless steel 316L according to claim 4, wherein in the second step, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is 20 to 50Kpa and the flow rate of gas is 5 to 50L/min.
6. The sintering process of stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust resistance according to claim 5, characterized in that the gas is nitrogen, argon or a gas in which nitrogen and argon are mixed in any ratio.
7. The sintering process of 316L stainless steel with high hardness and high rust resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the ratio of said nitrogen gas to said argon gas is 100%: 0%, 75%: 25%, 50%: 50%, 25%: 75% or 0%: 100% by volume.
8. The sintering process of high-hardness and high-rust-preventive stainless steel 316L according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature of the vacuum sintering is 1000 to 1050 ℃ and the degree of vacuum is 1X 10-2～1×10-4Pa, and the sintering time is 30 min.
9. The sintering process of the stainless steel 316L with high hardness and high rust protection according to claim 3, wherein in the fourth step, the pressure in the vacuum furnace is 5 to 60 KPa.
10. The sintering process of high-hardness and high-rust inhibitive stainless steel 316L according to claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, the pressure of the nitrogen gas is 5 to 50KPa, and the flow rate is 5 to 50L/min.
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