CN114726529B - Smart grid data aggregation method based on credibility consensus mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a smart grid data aggregation method based on a credibility consensus mechanism, which forms a blockchain consensus network by smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway region, evaluates the credibility of each node in the network based on the credibility consensus mechanism, fairly selects a trusted smart meter terminal as an accounting node, is responsible for aggregating energy use data of the same gateway region, and packages the energy use data into blocks to be added into a private blockchain of a power grid control center. The method solves the problems of low data aggregation operation efficiency, high calculation complexity and low communication efficiency of the intelligent power grid, meets the security requirements of confidentiality, integrity and the like of the data aggregation of the intelligent power grid, and is more suitable for the intelligent ammeter terminal with limited resources in the intelligent power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smart grids, in particular to a smart grid data aggregation method based on a credibility consensus mechanism.
Background
Compared with the traditional power grid technology, the intelligent power grid is a power network which provides an economic, efficient and sustainable power system by utilizing advanced information and communication technology. The intelligent ammeter is taken as an important component of the intelligent power grid framework, so that the bidirectional communication between the power company and the user is realized. The power company can collect the fine-grained energy use data of the user through the intelligent electric meter, provide optimal power dispatching, more accurate charging, real-time pricing adjustment and other services, and the user can optimize the power utilization decision by utilizing the real-time pricing function of the intelligent electric meter, so that the energy efficiency is improved.
However, smart grids face serious security problems while providing convenience services. An attacker can intercept and analyze the user fine-grained energy consumption data to infer private information about the user's lifestyle, such as the use of the appliance, when the user sleeps, when to go home, etc. More importantly, during transmission, the grid consumer may itself attempt to tamper with the metering data received by the utility company in order to reduce energy costs. This not only affects the normal billing of the utility company, but also the erroneous readings for load monitoring can affect decisions regarding grid management, leading to grid instability or blackout in severe cases.
In view of the above problems, existing work employs homomorphic encryption-based and bit mask-based methods. However, homomorphic encryption results in an unacceptable computational cost for smart meters, and bit mask based methods are inefficient in communication, and new means and methods are currently urgently needed to address this problem.
Blockchains are a type of decentralized, anonymized, data-non-tamperable distributed database. The data is formed into a chained data structure by taking the blocks as units and connecting the blocks end to end according to the time sequence, the data is guaranteed to be untampered through a hash pointer, and a common-knowledge mechanism is adopted to provide decentralization trust. In consideration of the characteristics of the blockchain, the invention uses the blockchain to carry out intelligent power grid data aggregation so as to ensure confidentiality and integrity of user energy consumption data.
However, the common knowledge mechanisms most used in existing blockchains cannot be applied here. Because workload certification (PoW) or rights certification (PoS) and similar consensus mechanisms create new blocks by solving complex mathematical problems (mining), large amounts of computing resources are consumed and smart meters have limited computing resources. The communication overhead negotiated by the BFT type consensus mechanism is large, and the BFT type consensus mechanism is not suitable for a network with a large node scale.
In summary, developing a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism is still a problem to be solved in the technical field of smart grids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smart grid data aggregation method based on a credibility consensus mechanism to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism comprises a blockchain framework oriented to smart grid data aggregation and the reputation-based consensus mechanism.
The block chain architecture for smart grid data aggregation includes:
A block chain consensus network consisting of a plurality of intelligent ammeter terminal nodes in the same gateway area; the accounting node is responsible for aggregating energy use data in the same gateway area and generating a block; a trusted mechanism responsible for generating secret parameters of the intelligent ammeter and the regional gateway and disclosing system parameters; the fine-grained energy consumption data of the regional intelligent ammeter are forwarded to a power grid control center, and control information is returned to a regional gateway of the intelligent ammeter; and the power grid control center provides services such as energy management, power dispatching, dynamic pricing and the like.
The power grid control center is in communication connection with the regional gateway, the regional gateway node is in communication connection with the intelligent electric meter, the intelligent electric meters are in communication connection, and the power grid control center, the regional gateway and the intelligent electric meter are all in communication connection with the trusted mechanism.
The trusted authority generates secret parameters of each entity and discloses system parameters through elliptic curve cryptography. The intelligent ammeter measures energy use data of the user in a time period and encrypts the energy use data of the user by using a private key.
As a further preferred scheme, the reputation-based consensus mechanism can evaluate the reputation of each terminal node in the blockchain consensus network, quantify the fuzzy concept of reputation into a specific numerical score, and the higher the score is, the higher the probability of being selected as an accounting node is.
As a further preferred scheme, the consensus mechanism based on the reputation provides a limited random offset and sets a weight coefficient beta to reflect the influence degree of the verification success rate on the reputation, so as to avoid the situation that the verification success rate of some nodes is always kept the first for a period of time.
As a further preferable scheme, the terminal node with the highest credit score is selected as an accounting node of the current time period and is responsible for aggregating the energy use data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area, packaging the energy use data into blocks and distributing the blocks to other nodes for verification.
As a further preferred scheme, the block content comprises a block header and a block body, wherein the block header comprises a hash value, a time stamp, a pseudonym of a billing node, a reputation of the node, a merck root and a signature of the billing node on the block of the previous block, and the block body comprises energy use data of a terminal node and a corresponding pseudonym in the same gateway area.
As a further preferred solution, the block verification includes whether the block issuer has the highest reputation value, whether the data and the time stamp recorded in the block are correct, the hash value of the previous block, and whether the block signature is correct. The terminal node only needs to verify the record associated with itself and store the hash value of the current block locally.
As a further preferable scheme, the credit-based consensus mechanism can evaluate the verification success rate of the issuing block of the billing node and dynamically update the credit score of the node as the basis for the billing node selection in the next time period. If the verification is satisfied, the block can be sent to a power grid control center through a regional gateway and added to a private block chain.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: the invention provides a smart grid data aggregation method based on a credibility consensus mechanism, which forms a blockchain consensus network by smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area, evaluates the credibility of each node in the network based on the credibility consensus mechanism, fairly selects a trusted smart meter terminal as an accounting node, is responsible for aggregating energy use data, and packages the aggregated energy use data into blocks to be added into a private blockchain of a power grid control center. The method solves the problems of low data aggregation operation efficiency, high calculation complexity and low communication efficiency of the intelligent power grid. Safety analysis shows that the method meets the safety requirements of confidentiality, data integrity and the like of energy consumption data aggregation of the intelligent power grid.
Drawings
In order to make the technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention clearer, the invention provides the following drawings for description:
FIG. 1 is a block chain architecture for smart grid data aggregation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a consensus process based on a reputation consensus mechanism in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
1. Design of the scheme of the invention
Fig. 1 is a block chain architecture for smart grid data aggregation according to the present invention, and specific entities are defined as follows:
Intelligent ammeter: and the entity terminal is installed at the user side and can periodically measure and collect the energy use data and related information of the user in detail. Several smart meter terminal nodes in the same gateway area form a blockchain consensus network, and each terminal node, as a participant of the blockchain consensus, has a potential opportunity to be selected as a billing node.
Accounting node: and selecting from the block consensus network terminal nodes through a consensus mechanism based on credibility, and gathering the energy use data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area, packaging the energy use data into blocks and distributing the blocks to other nodes for verification.
Regional gateway: and an entity between the power grid control center and the intelligent electric meter is responsible for forwarding fine-grained energy consumption data of the intelligent electric meter in the area to the power grid control center and returning control information to the intelligent electric meter.
Trusted institutions: in the invention, the entity trusted by all participants is responsible for generating the password parameters and the public system parameters of the intelligent ammeter and the regional gateway, and the identity-public key pair of the user is stored in a high-security database, and only the authorized power grid control center can access the system.
And the power grid control center: the entity periodically records and analyzes the energy use data of the user by using the blockchain so as to audit and prevent the data from being tampered, and provide services such as energy management, power scheduling, dynamic pricing and the like.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the smart grid data aggregation method based on the reputation consensus mechanism includes the following steps:
S1, a trusted institution generates secret parameters of each entity and discloses system parameters through elliptic curve cryptography
Specifically, the step S1 includes the following steps:
S101, the trusted mechanism sets an elliptic curve E (F p) of a finite field F p, and a cyclic group G is generated by using a generator P and a large prime number q.
S102, the trusted mechanism takes a random number S from the q-order finite field as a main key of the system, and calculates a main public key of the system:
Ppub＝S·P (1)
S103, the trusted mechanism sets a one-way hash function H 1 for collision resistance.
S104, the trusted authority stores the master private key S in a secret mode and discloses system parameters { G, P, q, H 1,Ppub }.
S105, the trusted authority selects a random number as a regional gateway and a smart meter to generate secret parameters, and takes the smart meter SM i as an example, selects a random number r i from a q-order finite field according to an identity ID to calculate a private key and a public key of the smart meter:
SKi＝ri+S·H1(IDi) (2)
PKi＝SKi·P (3)
s106, the trusted authority sends the generated regional gateway password parameters to the regional gateway, and sends the generated intelligent ammeter secret parameters to each intelligent ammeter.
And S2, each intelligent ammeter forwards the energy use data of the user and the public key to other intelligent ammeter terminal nodes in the same gateway area in a time period.
One time period defaults to 10 minutes, and can be changed according to network conditions and statistical requirements of a power grid control center.
Specifically, the step S2 includes the following steps:
S201, each intelligent ammeter measures energy use data of a user in a time period, and encrypts the energy use data of the user by using a private key.
S202, each intelligent ammeter forwards the ciphertext data and the public key thereof to other terminal nodes in the same gateway area.
S203, after receiving the ciphertext, other nodes verify the identity of the public key; after passing the verification, the ciphertext data is decrypted using the public key.
And S3, selecting a smart electric meter with highest credibility as an accounting node of the time period based on a consensus mechanism of the credibility of the user.
Specifically, the step S3 includes the following steps:
S301, evaluating the credibility of each intelligent ammeter terminal node in the network, quantifying fuzzy concepts of the credibility into a specific numerical score, taking an intelligent ammeter terminal node SM i as an example, and calculating the credibility as follows:
In the formula, score i represents the current credit Score of the smart meter SM i, β is a weight coefficient, n is the number of terminal nodes in the network, θ i is the verification success rate of the issuing block of the smart meter SM i, T is the current timestamp, and PK i is the public key of the smart meter SM i.
S302, the credibility of the intelligent ammeter is influenced by the verification success rate theta i and the hash value h (T II PK i) of the issuing block, wherein theta i determines the credibility of the node, the added hash value h (T II PK i) mod n provides a limited random offset mainly according to the verification result evaluation of the issuing block of the node, and a weight coefficient beta (0 is less than or equal to 1) is set to reflect the influence degree of the verification success rate on the credibility.
S303, through the measurement, each intelligent ammeter terminal node can be associated with the credibility, and the node with the highest credibility score is selected as an accounting node and is responsible for aggregating the energy use data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area.
S4, after the accounting node is selected, the energy use data of the terminal nodes in the same regional gateway and the corresponding public key are packaged to form a new block, and the block is distributed to other nodes in the same regional gateway for verification.
Specifically, the step S4 includes the following steps:
s401. referring to fig. 4, the accounting node regards the energy usage data and the corresponding public key of each node in the same area gateway as a transaction record into the block body.
S402. the billing node hashes the transactions by means of the merck tree algorithm to obtain a merck root.
S403, the billing node records the hash value, the timestamp, the public key of the billing node, the credit of the current time period and the merck root of the previous block into the block header.
S404, the accounting node signs the private key of the block, then adds the signature of the private key of the block into the block, and simultaneously broadcasts the block to a network.
S405, after receiving the block, other terminal nodes in the same gateway area verify the block according to a set rule, and the verification includes whether a block issuer has the highest credit value; whether the data recorded in the block, the time stamp and the hash value of the previous block are correct or not; whether the public key properly verifies the signature of the block.
S406, the terminal node only needs to verify the record related to the terminal node and locally store the hash value of the block to be used as the previous hash value of the next block.
And S5, updating the credibility of the terminal node of the intelligent electric meter, and selecting an accounting node of the next time period.
Specifically, the step S5 includes the following steps:
s501, calculating the verification success rate of the terminal node of the intelligent electric meter according to the block verification result, taking the SM i of the terminal node of the intelligent electric meter as an example, and calculating the verification success rate theta i as follows:
In the formula, S ij is the credit score (j not equal to i) of other nodes SM j in the same regional gateway after issuing blocks to the terminal node SM i, N is the number of terminal nodes in the network, N is the dynamic total time period, and λ is an adjustable parameter.
S502, performing credit scoring on honest behaviors in the process of issuing blocks by the terminal node SM i by other nodes in the same regional gateway, wherein S ij∈{1,0,-1},Sij =1 represents the current time period, and the blocks issued by the terminal node SM i pass the verification of other nodes SM j in the same regional gateway; s ij = 0, indicating that SM i has no issue tile; s ij = -1, which indicates that the block currently issued by SM i is an illegal block after verification by node SM j.
S503, substituting the verification success rate theta i into a formula 4, and updating the credit degree score of the intelligent ammeter terminal node.
S504, each intelligent ammeter terminal node locally stores a credit list, records credit scores of the nodes in the network, and selects the terminal node with the highest credit score as a billing node in the next time period.
And S6, if the block verification is satisfied, the block is sent to a power grid control center through an area gateway, added to a private block chain and starts data aggregation in the next time period. If not, the accounting node selected in step S5 can be used as a new accounting node in the current time period, and the energy use data is re-aggregated to generate a block and verified.
2. Safety analysis of the present invention
Confidentiality: in the invention, the intelligent ammeter terminal node uses its public key to communicate, and the true identity ID is not disclosed; the identity-public key pair of the user is stored in a high-security database of the trusted authority, namely, only the trusted authority and an authorized power grid control center know the real identity of each public key; even if an attacker intercepts the ciphertext, the user cannot acquire the real energy use data.
Integrity: the invention is based on the blockchain technology, and the energy use data of each intelligent ammeter terminal node is recorded in a blockchain which is not tamperable and is permanently stored by an accounting node. The merck root in the block header can verify whether the energy usage data in the block is tampered with during transmission. All blocks are interlinked depending on the hash value of the previous block. If any block is tampered with, all subsequent block hash changes will be triggered. Thus, once a new block is generated, the integrity of the data it contains can be guaranteed.
Consensus security: the main security issue of the consensus mechanism arises from how to fairly choose trustworthy accounting nodes. If a malicious node is selected, the security of the consensus mechanism is severely compromised. The invention provides a new user credibility-based proving consensus mechanism, which ensures the safety and fairness of consensus to the greatest extent. The higher the reputation score of a node, the more trusted his/her past behavior is; the reputation scores of the nodes are calculated publicly and recorded on the blocks so that malicious users cannot alter them; even if a malicious user tries to become a billing node by dishonest evaluation of the reputation of other nodes, his dishonest trust evaluation has limited impact on the choice of subsequent billing nodes, since most nodes are "dishonest"; even if a malicious user becomes an accounting node, the malicious behavior of the malicious user can be detected by a designed trust model, and a trusted authority can cancel the corresponding secret parameters and limit the behavior of the malicious user; meanwhile, the hash operation provides a limited random offset to avoid the condition that some nodes with high verification success rate always act as accounting nodes in a period of time, so that network load balancing is realized.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that all equivalents and obvious modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A smart grid data aggregation method based on a reputation consensus mechanism is characterized by comprising a blockchain framework oriented to smart grid data aggregation and the reputation-based consensus mechanism;
the block chain architecture for smart grid data aggregation includes: a block chain consensus network consisting of a plurality of intelligent ammeter terminal nodes in the same gateway area; the accounting node is responsible for aggregating energy use data in the same gateway area and generating a block; a trusted mechanism responsible for generating secret parameters of the intelligent ammeter and the regional gateway and disclosing system parameters; the fine-grained energy consumption data of the regional intelligent ammeter are forwarded to a power grid control center, and control information is returned to a regional gateway of the intelligent ammeter; the power grid control center is used for periodically storing and analyzing user energy use data and monitoring power grid loads by using the block chain;
The credit degree-based consensus mechanism can evaluate the credit degree of each terminal node in the blockchain consensus network, and quantize the fuzzy concept of credit into a specific numerical score; taking the smart meter terminal node SM i as an example, the reputation score is calculated as follows:
Wherein Score i represents the current credit Score of the smart meter SM i, n is the number of terminal nodes in the network, θ i is the verification success rate of the smart meter SM i release block, the weight coefficient β reflects the influence degree of the verification success rate on the credit, T is the current timestamp, and PK i is the public key of the smart meter SM i; the terminal node with the highest credit score in the network is selected as an accounting node of the current time period and is responsible for aggregating the energy use data of the terminal nodes in the same gateway area, packaging the energy use data into blocks and distributing the blocks to other nodes for verification; each terminal node in the network evaluates the verification success rate of the issuing block of the accounting node, and dynamically updates the credit score of the node as the basis for the accounting node selection in the next time period; the block content comprises a block head and a block body, wherein the block head comprises a hash value, a time stamp, a pseudonym of an accounting node, a credit score of the node, a merck root and a signature of the accounting node on the block of the previous block, and the block body comprises energy use data of a terminal node and a corresponding pseudonym in the same gateway area; and the block passing verification is sent to a power grid control center by the regional gateway and added to the private block chain.
2. The smart grid data aggregation method based on the reputation consensus mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the smart grid data aggregation method is characterized by: the power grid control center is in communication connection with the regional gateway, the regional gateway node is in communication connection with the intelligent electric meter, the intelligent electric meters are in communication connection, and the power grid control center, the regional gateway and the intelligent electric meter are all in communication connection with the trusted mechanism.
3. The smart grid data aggregation method based on the reputation consensus mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the smart grid data aggregation method is characterized by: the trusted mechanism generates secret parameters of each entity and discloses system parameters through elliptic curve cryptography; the intelligent ammeter measures energy use data of the user in a time period and encrypts the energy use data of the user by using a private key.
4. The smart grid data aggregation method based on the reputation consensus mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the smart grid data aggregation method is characterized by: the block verification comprises whether a block issuer has the highest credit value, whether data and time stamps recorded in a block are correct, a hash value of a previous block and whether a block signature is correct; the terminal node only needs to verify the data record associated with itself and store the hash value of the current block locally.
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