CN114690246A - Method for identifying multi-stress buried hill fault by three-principle method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of geophysical data in the field of oil and gas exploration and application-level geological comprehensive interpretation, in particular to a method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault by a three-principle method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record; step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well-crossing section in a well-seismic combination manner; and 3, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation. The invention is based on the following three principles: in principle one, well-connected three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring are carried out; in principle two, comprehensively establishing a seismic-stratigraphic framework of a research area by using a well-connecting section and a seismic skeleton section; thirdly, using a plurality of attribute data bodies of SMT interpretation software to ensure fault interpretation reasonability; starting from a stress mechanism, combining well drilling and three-dimensional seismic data, and integrating three interpretation technologies of different faults, the method effectively improves the identification precision of various faults and the optimization of a combination mode, and is suitable for overcoming the problem that the multi-stress buried hill fault is difficult to identify.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of geophysical data in the field of oil and gas exploration and application-level geological comprehensive interpretation, in particular to a method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault by a three-principle method.
Background
Since the exploration and development of the buried hill in the west of the pile, the buried hill becomes a main position of the carbonate reservoir in the ancient kingdom of the exploration area in the east of the victory oil field, eight kiloton wells are found in the same year, the reserves are reported in the same year, and the productivity position is continuously expanded, and various characteristics show that the buried hill reservoir in the west of the pile has great potential. Particularly, at present, in the continuous force-exerting stage of producing 2300 million tons of oil in the victory oil field, the oil reservoir utilization degree with high yield and excellent reserve capacity influences the completion condition of a strategic target to a certain extent, so that the fine research of the type of oil reservoir is particularly important.
However, submerged mountains in the west of piles are influenced by superposition of multi-phase structure motions such as impression-extrusion thrust in the Yanshan period and walking and sliding in the Xishan period, multi-stress submerged mountains are formed, fault section tracking and fracture combination description are difficult, various explanation schemes are easy to form, and structure explanation and understanding are influenced. For the research of the oil reservoirs, the domestic research mainly focuses on the prediction and description of geological features, and for the oil and gas reservoir formation rule and the specific development scheme design, related documents are few; the previous researches on the buried hill in the ancient life in the western pilaris area focus on the aspects of structural evolution, reservoir formation, crack prediction and the like of the buried hill, and an effective method for fault identification is still lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault by a three-principle method, which solves the problem that a normal fault, a reverse fault and a walk-slip fault are difficult to identify under the background of simultaneous existence and mutual influence.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault by a three-principle method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record;
step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well-crossing section in a well-seismic combination manner;
and 3, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation.
Preferably, in step 1, a geological seismic structure interpretation database is established according to geological stratification and data statistics, well location coordinates, well logging data and seismic data, and then seismic record calibration is synthesized.
Preferably, the method of synthetic seismic record calibration comprises: firstly, selecting wells with complete well logging sections, deep complete drilling depth, complete curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between a main wave group and TO, T e and TAr; then, the time and the thickness of the well-side seismic channel are taken as standards, and the acoustic logging curve is properly corrected, so that the optimal matching of the synthetic record and the well-side seismic channel is ensured;
and then, carrying out primary calibration to determine the approximate position of the target position, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture a synthetic seismic record to carry out fine calibration on the target position.
Preferably, the method of synthetic seismic record calibration further comprises:
connecting well three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring: on the basis of single well calibration, by adopting plane multi-well points on a well-connected seismic section and combining vertical multi-layer system and three-dimensional calibration, mutual constraint of inter-well calibration and interlayer calibration is realized, and by carrying out well-connected transverse comparison, seismic horizon is reversely constrained, and division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon in the region according to the calibration result;
and (3) analyzing the deep relation of the target layer section: for the speed of single well calibration, check and verification are carried out, and time-depth conversion is carried out under the control of a gradient speed field. Whether the average speed and the layer speed are accurate and reasonable or not directly influences the calibration of the layer position and the time-depth conversion. Therefore, the single-well calibrated speed needs to be checked and verified, so that the accuracy of the space velocity field and the accuracy of reservoir prediction can be guaranteed.
Further preferably, in the cross-well seismic section, the synthetic records of a single well are good in correspondence and consistent in wave group relation in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
In step 2, on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and well-connection space three-dimensional calibration, a well-connection section and a well-passing section of the research area are explained, main geological horizons of the whole area are unified through comprehensive comparison of the well-connection section and a seismic skeleton section, and a seismic-stratum framework of the research area is comprehensively established by the well-connection section and the seismic skeleton section.
Preferably, in step 3, the full three-dimensional fine interpretation method includes: repeatedly browsing a series of vertical sections according to a certain direction to know the development rule of the fracture, the spatial distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among the fractures; the slices are then interpreted, with different colors defining different slices, to facilitate the spatial occlusion and tracking of the slices.
Further, encrypting the interpretation grids by using various attribute data bodies of SMT interpretation software; by lengthening, enlarging and compressing the section, observing the advantages of any line, horizontal slice and coherent body, the fault position and the contact relation of stratums at two sides of the section are accurately calibrated, the multi-solution is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method of the invention is based on three principles: in principle one, well-connected three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring are carried out; in a second principle, comprehensively establishing a seismic-stratigraphic framework of a research area by using a well-connecting section and a seismic skeleton section; and in principle three, the reasonability of fault interpretation is ensured by utilizing multiple attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software. The method starts from a stress mechanism, combines well drilling and three-dimensional seismic data, integrates interpretation technologies of three different faults, effectively improves the identification precision of various faults and optimizes the combination mode, and is suitable for overcoming the problem that the multi-stress buried hill fault is difficult to identify.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault according to the three-principle method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a single well synthetic seismic record calibration;
FIG. 3 is a cross-well connected seismic section;
FIG. 4 is a comprehensive comparison view of a well-connected framework section;
FIG. 5 is a fault-level combination explanation and characterization: A. b, C are different combination pattern analysis respectively;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a pile-west buried hill thrust fault interpretation scheme;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of 2700ms horizontal slicing of an underground hill in Tuxi region;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view along a layer coherence body;
FIG. 9 is a variation of the space of the section of the backbone in the area of the piled seas;
FIG. 10 is a graph of different fault closure point characteristics for the vertical fault direction.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the inventive technique comprises the following steps:
step one, calibrating a synthetic seismic record. The horizon calibration is the key of structure interpretation and is also a bridge for connecting earthquake, well logging and geology. Only with accurate phase calibration, it is possible to accurately describe the geometry and spatial distribution law of the stratigraphic interface and the reservoir by using seismic data. The horizon calibration of the region is realized by taking a well drilling layering result as a basis, taking well logging information as a bridge, taking a seismic profile as a basis, carrying out all-around well-connected profile net-pulling comparison, and carrying out multiple times of correction, supplement and perfection on geological layering data.
And establishing a geological seismic structure explanation database according to geological stratification, data statistics, well position coordinates, logging data and seismic data, and then synthesizing seismic record calibration.
The method for calibrating the synthetic seismic record comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wells with complete well logging sections, deep complete drilling depth, complete curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between the main wave group and TO, T e and TAr; then, the time and the thickness of the well-side seismic channel are taken as standards, and the acoustic logging curve is properly corrected, so that the optimal matching of the synthetic record and the well-side seismic channel is ensured;
(2) and performing preliminary calibration, determining the approximate position of the target position, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture a synthetic seismic record to perform fine calibration on the target position.
(3) Three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of the connected well: on the basis of single well calibration, by adopting plane multi-well points on a well-connected seismic section and combining vertical multi-layer system and three-dimensional calibration, mutual constraint of inter-well calibration and interlayer calibration is realized, and by carrying out well-connected transverse comparison, seismic horizon is reversely constrained, and division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon in the region according to the calibration result; in the well-connected seismic section, the synthetic records of a single well correspond well in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and the wave group relations are consistent.
(4) And (3) analyzing the deep relation of the target layer section: for the speed of single well calibration, check and verification are carried out, and time-depth conversion is carried out under the control of a gradient speed field.
And secondly, explaining a well-connecting section and a well-passing section of the research area on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and well-connecting space three-dimensional calibration, and comprehensively comparing the well-connecting section with a seismic skeleton section to unify main geological horizons of the whole area and establish a seismic-stratum framework of the research area.
And step three, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation. On the vertical section of the fault, the characteristics of wave group fault, distortion, sudden change of amplitude and frequency, different stratum shapes at two sides of the fault, inconsistent structural deformation, different stratum thicknesses and the like are visually reflected. First, a series of vertical sections are repeatedly browsed in a certain direction, so that the development rule of the fracture, the space distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among the fractures can be known. The slices are then interpreted, with different colors defining different slices, to facilitate the spatial occlusion and tracking of the slices. SMT interpretation software is fully utilized, various attribute data bodies can be flexibly applied, and an interpretation grid is encrypted; by the advantages of lengthening, amplifying, compressing the section, observing any line, horizontal slice, coherent body and the like, the fault position and the contact relation of stratums at two sides of the section are accurately calibrated, the multi-solution is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
The fault in the West area is taken as a research object in the application example, and the analysis is carried out by adopting the method
Step one, calibration of synthetic seismic record
On the basis of eliminating the time difference factor, a wavelet curve is manufactured by combining logging data, the relation between the form and the time depth is fully demonstrated with the three-dimensional earthquake, and as shown in figures 2 and 3, the calibration precision of the synthetic record is improved.
And step two, explaining a well-connecting section and a well-passing section of the research area on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and well-connecting space three-dimensional calibration, and comprehensively comparing the well-connecting section with a seismic skeleton section, so that main geological horizons of the whole area are unified and a seismic-stratum framework of the research area is established as shown in figure 4.
Step three, full three-dimensional fine interpretation:
the specific explanation is shown in fig. 5A-C.
The method of the invention is adopted to establish the fracture pattern in the west region: the reverse (thrust) fault pattern formed in the final stage of the impression period and the swallow mountain, the large negative reverse fault pattern formed in the early and middle stages of the swallow mountain and the sliding fault pattern formed in the favorite period. In the Tuxi area, ancient kingdom explains 25 faults, wherein 22 faults are normal faults, and 3 faults are reverse faults. The fault mainly extends in the northwest direction and the northeast direction, wherein the fault formed in the branch printing stage mainly extends in the northwest direction and is parallel to the plane; the fault formed in the Yanshan period mainly changes from the northwest direction to the northeast direction and has the characteristic of arc shape; the fault in the Xishan period mainly comprises a northeast forward fault and a northeast-west forward fault, and has the characteristics of extension and large drop. The three northwest reverse sections divide the pile-west buried hill into three strips, and the fault developed in the northwest east direction divides the three strips into a plurality of broken blocks. Dividing the ancient buried hill structure into 3 structural areas and 16 broken blocks according to the top surface and the internal structural form of the buried hill in the ancient life boundary, the reference stratum distribution, the development degree and the like; as shown particularly in fig. 6-10.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for identifying a multi-stress buried hill fault by a three-principle method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calibrating a synthetic seismic record;
step 2, explaining a skeleton section and a well-crossing section in a well-seismic combination manner;
and 3, performing full three-dimensional fine interpretation.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, a geological seismic structure interpretation database is established based on geological stratification and data statistics, well location coordinates, well log data, seismic data, and then synthetic seismic record calibration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of synthetic seismic record calibration comprises: firstly, selecting wells with complete well logging sections, deep complete drilling depth, complete curves and uniform distribution of a target layer TO manufacture synthetic seismic records, and accurately finding out the corresponding relation between a main wave group and TO, T e and TAr; then, the time and the thickness of the well-side seismic channel are taken as standards, and the acoustic logging curve is properly corrected, so that the optimal matching of the synthetic record and the well-side seismic channel is ensured;
and then, carrying out primary calibration to determine the approximate position of the target position, and then adopting different seismic wavelets to manufacture a synthetic seismic record to carry out fine calibration on the target position.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method of synthetic seismic record calibration further comprises: three-dimensional calibration and quality monitoring of the connected well: on the basis of single well calibration, through adopting plane multi-well points on a well-connected seismic section and combining three-dimensional calibration of a longitudinal multi-layer system, mutual constraint of inter-well and interlayer calibration is realized, and through carrying out well-connected transverse comparison, seismic horizon is constrained in turn, and division of the seismic horizon is adjusted; determining the corresponding relation of the earthquake-geological horizon in the region according to the calibration result;
and (3) analyzing the deep relation of the target layer section: for the speed of single well calibration, check and verification are carried out, and time-depth conversion is carried out under the control of a gradient speed field.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the synthetic recordings for a single well correspond well to consistent wave group relationships in the cross-well seismic section, both laterally and longitudinally.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the well-connected section and the well-passing section of the research area are explained on the basis of single-well seismic fine calibration and well-connected space three-dimensional calibration, and the main geological horizons of the whole area are unified through comprehensive comparison of the well-connected section and the seismic skeleton section, so that a seismic-stratum framework of the research area is built.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the seismic-stratigraphic framework lattice of the study area is established by a comprehensive comparison of the well-tied profile and the seismic skeleton profile to unify the main geological horizons throughout the area to ensure no cross-axis.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the full three-dimensional fine interpretation method comprises: repeatedly browsing a series of vertical sections according to a certain direction to know the development rule of the fracture, the spatial distribution characteristics and the mutual cutting relationship among the fractures; the slices are then interpreted, with different colors defining different slices, to facilitate the spatial occlusion and tracking of the slices.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the interpretation mesh is encrypted using a plurality of attribute data volumes of SMT interpretation software; by lengthening, enlarging and compressing the section, observing the advantages of any line, horizontal slice and coherent body, the fault position and the contact relation of stratums at two sides of the section are accurately calibrated, the multi-solution is reduced, and the fault interpretation result is more reasonable.
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