CN114698505A - Cultivation method for improving yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius Download PDFInfo
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- CN114698505A CN114698505A CN202210433082.3A CN202210433082A CN114698505A CN 114698505 A CN114698505 A CN 114698505A CN 202210433082 A CN202210433082 A CN 202210433082A CN 114698505 A CN114698505 A CN 114698505A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius. In the method, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags in the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, until the phellinus igniarius is harvested. The irradiation intensity of the invention can obviously improve the yield and quality of phellinus igniarius sporocarp, reduce the pollution rate of fungus bags and further improve the stress resistance of phellinus igniarius. The results of the examples show that: by adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp can be respectively improved by 41.02 percent, 26.67 percent and 72.73 percent compared with those of a control group; the yield of the fruiting bodies of each fungus bag is improved by 44.19-100.26%; the pollution rate is reduced by 35.96-63.46%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius.
Background
Phellinus linteus (Sanghuanghuang girorusbaumii) is a precious medicinal fungus, belonging to Fungi, Basidiomycota of Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales of Hymenochaetales, Hymenochaetaceae of Hymenochaetaceae, with the praise of "forest gold", recorded in Shennong Ben Cao Jing of east Han, and mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating metrorrhagia, metrostaxis, hemagglutination, postpartum hemagglutination, Pyobo-lobelia, and hematuria. Modern medical and biological research finds that phellinus igniarius has the effects of preventing or treating tumors, protecting organs, reducing blood sugar, enhancing immunity, diminishing inflammation and the like, is one of the internationally recognized medicinal resources with the best anticancer effect at present, and has wide application prospects.
At present, the cultivation of phellinus igniarius is gradually changed from a small-crop production mode to a facility cultivation mode so as to realize more stable annual production and increase the economic benefit of producers. In the cultivation process, besides the moisture content, the temperature and the carbon dioxide concentration, the light is one of the external environments necessary for the growth and development of phellinus igniarius, and plays an important role in the growth period, the morphological formation, the component accumulation and other factors of the sporocarp. At present, researches on phellinus igniarius mycelia by using monochromatic light also exist in the prior art, but how to better apply the illumination condition to the cultivation of phellinus igniarius, so as to improve the quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius sporocarp is reported in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius, and the cultivation method can effectively improve the yield and quality of phellinus igniarius sporocarp and reduce the pollution rate of phellinus igniarius fungus bags.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius, which comprises the following steps:
in the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags until phellinus igniarius is harvested;
the illumination intensity irradiated on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags is 2-16 mu mol/m2/s。
Preferably, the phellinus igniarius fungus bag is a fungus bag with a semi-arc-shaped opening; the opening of the fungus bag is 5-7 cm in length and 3-4 cm in width.
Preferably, the fruiting management comprises primordium cultivation and fruiting body growth stages.
Preferably, the culture temperature of the primordium culture is 26-28 ℃, the air humidity is more than 95%, and the culture time is 7-9 d.
Preferably, fresh air is introduced in the growth stage of the sporocarp; the culture temperature of the sporocarp in the growth stage is 27-31 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 800ppm, the air humidity is 91-95%, and the time is 60-70 d.
Preferably, before the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, light-resistant fungus cultivation and after-ripening cultivation are further included;
the light-resistant fungus culture comprises inoculating phellinus igniarius strains into a fungus bag containing a culture medium, and performing light-resistant culture to obtain the fungus bag full of hyphae;
and the after-ripening culture comprises the step of performing light-tight culture on the fungus bag full of hyphae to obtain the after-ripening culture fungus bag.
Preferably, the inoculation volume of the phellinus linteus strain is 3% of the volume of the culture medium.
Preferably, the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of mulberry sawdust, 19 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum and 60 parts of water.
Preferably, the temperature of the light-resistant bacteria culture is 26-28 ℃ and the time is 20-25 d.
Preferably, the temperature of the after-ripening culture is 26-28 ℃, the air humidity is 60-70%, and the culture time is 90 d.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius, which is characterized in that in the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on phellinus igniarius fungus bags until phellinus igniarius is harvested, and by adopting the irradiation intensity, the yield and quality of phellinus igniarius fruiting bodies can be obviously improved, the pollution rate of the fungus bags is reduced, and further the stress resistance of phellinus igniarius is improved. The results of the examples show that: by adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention, the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp can be respectively improved by 41.02 percent, 26.67 percent and 72.73 percent compared with those of a control group; the yield of the fruiting bodies of each fungus bag is improved by 44.19-100.26%; the pollution rate is reduced by 35.96-63.46%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 shows fruiting shelves used in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, wherein 1 is a fruiting shelf, 2 is a support net, and 3 is a white LED strip;
FIG. 2 is a length statistics of matured Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a statistical result of the width of the matured Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a statistical result of the thickness of the matured Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius, which comprises the following steps:
in the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags until phellinus igniarius is harvested;
the illumination intensity irradiated on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags is 2-16 mu mol/m2/s。
Before the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, the invention preferably also comprises light-resistant fungus cultivation. The light-resistant cultivation of the invention preferably comprises the steps of inoculating phellinus igniarius strains into a fungus bag containing a cultivation substrate, and performing light-resistant cultivation to obtain the fungus bag full of hyphae. The Phellinus linteus strain of the present invention preferably comprises Hu sang No. 2 and the amount of inoculated Phellinus linteus strain of the present invention is preferably 3% of the volume of the culture medium. The fungus bag is preferably a cylinder; the diameter of the bottom of the fungus bag is preferably 10-12 cm, and the height of the fungus bag is preferably 20-22 cm. The culture medium preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of mulberry sawdust, 19 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum and 60 parts of water.
Before the phellinus igniarius strain is inoculated to the fungus bag containing the culture medium, the invention preferably also comprises the steps of sterilizing and cooling the fungus bag containing the culture medium. The sterilization according to the present invention preferably comprises: keeping the temperature of the fungus bag containing the culture medium at 100 ℃ for 60min, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 90 min; the temperature after cooling is preferably < 24 ℃. The method preferably carries out light-resistant bacteria cultivation in a cultivation room, and the temperature of the light-resistant bacteria cultivation is preferably 26-28 ℃; the culture time is preferably 20 to 25 days.
After the fungus bag full of hyphae is obtained, the fungus bag full of hyphae is preferably subjected to after-ripening culture. The post maturation culture preferably comprises the step of culturing the fungus bag full of hyphae in a dark place to obtain the fungus bag subjected to post maturation culture. In the present invention, it is preferable that the bag full of mycelia is transferred to another culture room for the after-ripening culture. The temperature of the after-ripening culture is preferably 26-28 ℃; the air humidity is preferably 60-70%; the incubation time is preferably 90 d. The invention aims to realize the scale-type flow production in the actual production by transferring the fungus bag full of hyphae to another culture chamber for culture, and actually, the invention also belongs to the protection scope of the invention by carrying out after-ripening culture after changing the culture conditions in the same culture chamber.
After the after-ripening culture fungus bag is obtained, the invention preferably performs mushroom fruiting management on the after-ripening culture fungus bag until harvesting. The fruiting management of the present invention preferably includes primordial culture and fruiting body growth stages.
The primordial culture of the present invention preferably comprises: culturing the post-maturation cultured fungus bag until a phellinus linteus primordium is formed. Before the fruiting management, the invention preferably also comprises a step of cutting the fungus bag subjected to after-ripening culture to obtain a fungus bag with a semi-arc opening; the length of the opening of the fungus bag is preferably 5-7 cm, and the width is preferably 3-4 cm. The culture temperature of the primordium culture is preferably 26-28 ℃; the air humidity is preferably > 95%; the culture time is preferably 7-9 days.
After the phellinus igniarius primordium is obtained, the phellinus igniarius primordium preferably enters a fruiting body growth stage until harvesting. The temperature of the fruiting body in the growth stage is preferably 27-31 ℃; the humidity is preferably 91-95%; the carbon dioxide concentration is preferably < 800 ppm; the time is preferably 60-70 d. According to the invention, fresh air is preferably introduced at the growth stage of the sporocarp.
The invention preferably adopts an intelligent temperature and humidity control system to control the temperature, the humidity and the carbon dioxide concentration in the growth process of the phellinus igniarius.
In the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on phellinus igniarius fungus bags until phellinus igniarius is harvested; the illumination intensity irradiated on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags is 2-16 mu mol/m2More preferably 2 to 15.5. mu. mol/m2More preferably 8 to 15. mu. mol/m2The white light of the invention is preferably LED white light. The invention has no special limitation on the light source power of the LED white light and the distance between the light source and the fungus bag cultured by after-ripening, and the illumination intensity required by the invention can be achieved.
The irradiation is preferably carried out on the fruiting layer frame, the specification and the source of the fruiting layer frame are not particularly limited, and the fruiting layer frame is conventional in the field, the fruiting layer frame adopted in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises three layers, wherein each layer is 1.6m long, 2m wide and 0.45m high; a supporting net is laid on each layer and used for placing fungus bags; two white LED lamp strips are respectively paved above each layer of the fruiting layer frame, and the distance between each strip and the nearest edge of the layer frame is 0.4 m; the fruiting shelf controls light intensity and current through a driving regulator, so that the illumination intensity at the position 32cm below the lamp strip can reach the illumination intensity required by the invention.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius comprises the following steps:
1. test conditions
And (3) a test base: haining Hongxin Zhejiang province, agricultural Biotechnology, Inc.
The test varieties are: 'Shanghai Mulberry No. 2' (the product identification number: Shanghai agricultural edible fungus 2020 No. 010).
1.1 Phellinus Linteus bag preparation
The formula of the culture medium comprises 80% of mulberry sawdust, 19% of bran, 1% of gypsum and 60% of water content, and the specification of the fungus packaging material is 10-12 cm in diameter and 20-22 cm in height; the sterilization is carried out, the procedure is that the temperature is maintained at 100 ℃ for 60 minutes, then the sterilization is carried out at 121 ℃ for 90 minutes, and the whole process needs 4-5 hours. After the inoculation is finished, the inoculation amount is 3% (v/v) until the temperature of the center of the fungus bag is reduced to be below 24 ℃.
And transferring the inoculated culture bag into a culture room, and culturing the fungi in the dark at the culture temperature of 27 +/-1 ℃ for 20-25 days, wherein the fungi bag is filled with hyphae, transferring the fungi bag into the other culture room for after-ripening culture, and keeping the dark environment at the culture temperature of 27 +/-1 ℃, the air humidity of 60-70% and the culture time of 90 days.
1.2 fruiting management
Cutting the post-ripened and cultured fungus bags into semi-arc-shaped openings, wherein the length of each opening is 5-7 cm, the maximum width of each opening is about 3-4 cm, transferring the opening to a supporting net of a fruiting layer frame (shown in figure 1) of a mushroom house, placing 6 rows of 12 fungus bags in each row, controlling the environment temperature to be 27 +/-1 ℃, and culturing for 7-9 days until primordium is formed, wherein the air humidity is more than 95%. And then, the fruiting body growth stage is carried out, the temperature is controlled to be 29 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is kept at 93 +/-2%, fresh air is introduced, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 800 ppm. And (5) fruiting and culturing for 60-70 days, basically finishing the growth of the phellinus igniarius, and harvesting. The whole process adopts an intelligent temperature and humidity control system, the temperature, the humidity and the carbon dioxide concentration in the growth process of the phellinus igniarius are intelligently controlled, and the LED lamps are continuously irradiated from the time when the fungus bags are moved into the mushroom house to the time when the whole process of harvesting is carried out.
1.3 LED Lamp strip is laid and intensity sets up
The fruiting shelf is composed of three layers (1 in figure 1), each layer is paved with a support net (2 in figure 1) for placing fungus bags, each layer is 2m wide, 1.6m long and 0.45m high. Selecting a white LED lamp strip as a light source for irradiation, and laying two lamp strips on each layer of the shelf as shown in 3 in figure 1, wherein the distance between each strip and the edge of the shelf is 0.4 m. The light intensity and the current are controlled by driving the regulator, so that the illumination intensity (PPFD) at a position 32cm below the lamp strip is 15 mu mol/m respectively2/s。
Example 2
The cultivation method of example 1 was employed except that the intensity of light irradiated to Phellinus linteus bag was 8. mu. mol/m2/s。
And (3) measuring the growth index, the pollution rate (stress resistance) and the yield of the phellinus igniarius:
comparing the fungus bags in the examples 1-2 and the comparative example 1, wherein 20 fungus bags are randomly selected from each layer, measuring is carried out 15 days after the fungus bags are moved to a fruiting shelf, and the length, the width and the thickness of the fruiting body are measured and counted every 10 days until the fruiting body grows for 75 days (including an primordium culture stage and a fruiting body growth stage); and removing the polluted fungus bags in time, and recording the quantity of the fungus bags removed each time for calculating the final pollution rate. And (5) after the fungus bags grow out and are cultured for 75 days until the fungus bags are mature, collecting and weighing all the fruiting bodies, and dividing the fruiting bodies by the number of the fungus bags to obtain the final yield of each bag.
The measurement results of the length, width and thickness of Phellinus linteus fruiting body are shown in tables 1 to 3 and FIGS. 2 to 4:
TABLE 1 variation of length (cm) of Phellinus linteus fruiting body with culture time (day) in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1
TABLE 2 variation of the Width (cm) of Phellinus linteus fruiting body with culture time (day) in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1
TABLE 3 variation of thickness (cm) of Phellinus linteus fruiting body with cultivation time (day) in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1
Remarking: in tables 1 to 3, when the measured data were sampled every 10 days, 60 samples (20 samples per layer, 3 layers in total) were taken for measurement, and the average values of the 60 samples are shown in tables 1 to 3, and the standard deviation was calculated.
The statistical results of indexes such as the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores obtained by the cultivation method in the examples 1-2 and the comparative example 1 show that the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores obtained by the cultivation method in the examples 1-2 are greatly improved compared with the comparative example 1, the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores are all improved along with the increase of the illumination intensity, the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores are all improved in the growth process of the phellinus linteus sporophores, particularly, the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores in the example 1 are obviously different from those in the comparative example 1, and the length, the width and the thickness of the phellinus linteus sporophores which grow for the same time (75 days) under the illumination intensity in the example 1 are respectively improved by 41.02%, 26.67% and 72.73% compared with the comparative example 1.
In addition, on the change trend of each index in the growth process of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp, the length and the width of the sporocarp grow rapidly in the first 45 days and then are slowed down; the thickness was increasing continuously, and there was no significant difference in growth after 65 days, from which it was known that the fruiting body began to enter the maturation stage after 65 days.
The influence on the pollution rate and the yield of phellinus igniarius sporocarp under different LED illumination intensities is as follows:
and the contaminated fungus bags are removed in time while the growth process is monitored, so that the normal growth of other fungus bags is ensured. Counting the number of the removed contaminated fungus bags after the Phellinus linteus fruiting body grows for 75 days, calculating the contamination rate, and the result is shown in Table 4,
TABLE 4 Phellinus linteus bale contamination rate and yield results in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1
Three layers of 72 fungus bags are arranged in each illumination intensity, and the total number is 216 bags.
In comparative example 1, example 2 and example 1, the pollution rates under three illumination intensities (PPFD) are 72.22%, 41.20% and 26.39% respectively, the pollution rate control effect is obvious with the increase of the illumination intensity, and it can be seen that the LED lamp strip can significantly improve the stress resistance of the phellinus linteus sporocarp in the growth process under the illumination intensities of examples 1-2 of the invention, and especially the stress resistance under the illumination intensity in example 1 is better.
And harvesting the phellinus igniarius sporophores from 15 days to 75 days after unpacking, weighing the fresh weight of each sporophores, and dividing the fresh weight by the total number of the normal growing fungus bags to obtain the final yield. Statistical results show that the yields of the fruiting bodies in the three illumination intensity modes of the comparative example 1, the example 2 and the example 1 are respectively 37.8 g/package, 52.5 g/package and 75.7 g/package, the yield of the fruiting bodies is remarkably improved along with the increase of the illumination intensity, and compared with the comparative example 1, the yield of the fruiting bodies in the examples 1-2 is respectively improved by 100.26% and 44.19%.
The embodiment can show that the cultivation method provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield and the quality of the phellinus igniarius sporocarp, reduce the pollution rate of fungus bags and further improve the stress resistance of the phellinus igniarius.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for improving the yield, quality and stress resistance of phellinus igniarius is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the fruiting management stage of phellinus igniarius, white light continuous irradiation is carried out on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags until phellinus igniarius is harvested;
the illumination intensity irradiated on the phellinus igniarius fungus bags is 2-16 mu mol/m2/s。
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the phellinus linteus bag is a bag containing a semi-arc opening; the opening length of fungus package is 5 ~ 7cm, and the width is 3 ~ 4 cm.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruiting management stage includes primordial cultivation and fruiting body growth stage.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the primordial culture is 26-28 ℃, the air humidity is more than 95%, and the cultivation time is 7-9 days.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein fresh air is introduced at the growth stage of the fruit body; the culture temperature of the sporocarp in the growth stage is 27-31 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 800ppm, the air humidity is 91-95%, and the time is 60-70 d.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising a light-shielding fungus cultivation and an after-ripening cultivation before the Phellinus linteus fruiting management stage;
the light-resistant fungus culture comprises inoculating phellinus igniarius strains into a fungus bag containing a culture medium, and performing light-resistant culture to obtain the fungus bag full of hyphae;
and the after-ripening culture comprises the step of performing light-tight culture on the fungus bag full of hyphae to obtain the after-ripening culture fungus bag.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inoculated volume of Phellinus linteus strain is 3% of the volume of the cultivation substrate.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the cultivation substrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of mulberry sawdust, 19 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum and 60 parts of water.
9. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the lucifugal fungi culture is 26-28 ℃ and the time is 20-25 days.
10. The cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the after-ripening cultivation is 26 to 28 ℃, the air humidity is 60 to 70%, and the cultivation time is 90 days.
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