CN114695959A - High-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
High-voltage electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114695959A CN114695959A CN202011615432.5A CN202011615432A CN114695959A CN 114695959 A CN114695959 A CN 114695959A CN 202011615432 A CN202011615432 A CN 202011615432A CN 114695959 A CN114695959 A CN 114695959A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrolyte
- additive
- carbonate
- high voltage
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KEMGJHBYNFNOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;thiophene Chemical class C=1C=CSC=1.OP(O)(O)=O KEMGJHBYNFNOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 lithium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 29
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 42
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102100028667 C-type lectin domain family 4 member A Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 101000766908 Homo sapiens C-type lectin domain family 4 member A Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 OQXNUCOGMMHHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage electrolyte, which comprises a main lithium salt and an organic solvent, and further comprises: a first additive, which is at least one of thiophene phosphate compounds represented by the following formula (I):
in the formula, R1、R2Independently selected from C1-C12 hydrocarbyl, C1-C12 fluoro hydrocarbyl; r3Selected from a direct bond, C1-C12 alkylene or C1-C12 fluoroalkylene; and the second additive is selected from at least one of lithium salt additives or organic ester additives. The high-voltage electrolyte disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good compatibility of a negative electrode interface, high voltage stability of a battery cell, long cycle performance and the like, and is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to an electrolyte suitable for a high-voltage high-temperature environment and a lithium ion battery.
Background
Increasing the voltage is an effective way to increase the energy density of the lithium ion battery, but with the increase of the energy density of the battery, not only the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte at the interface of the anode/electrolyte is caused, but also the dissolution of metal cations in the anode in the electrolyte is accelerated, and the cycle performance and the safety of the battery are reduced.
The prior art reports that additives such as sulfur-containing additives, borate additives, acid anhydrides additives, nitriles additives and the like can form a film on the surface of a positive electrode material, so that the interface of a positive electrode/electrolyte is stabilized. However, with the increasing charge cut-off voltage, such as when the voltage is greater than 4.35V, the stabilizing effect of the conventional positive electrode film-forming additive on the high-temperature storage and cycle performance at high voltage is very limited, and needs to be further improved.
On the other hand, most of interfacial films formed by the existing positive electrode film-forming additives have higher interfacial impedance and impedance growth rate, when the coating surface density and the compaction density of a battery pole piece are higher, the phenomenon of water jump caused by sudden reduction of the battery capacity is easily caused, and the positive electrode film-forming additives are generally poorer in compatibility with a negative electrode interface, so that the long-cycle performance is difficult to ensure.
Therefore, the development of an electrolyte system with long cycle stability, high and low temperature consideration and lower internal resistance is a key factor for the commercial application of high-voltage power batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the high-voltage electrolyte which has good cathode interface compatibility and effectively improved high-voltage stability and long cycle performance of the battery cell.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high voltage electrolyte comprising a primary lithium salt, an organic solvent, the electrolyte further comprising:
a first additive, which is at least one of thiophene phosphate compounds represented by the following formula (I):
in the formula, R1、R2Independently selected from C1-C12 hydrocarbyl, C1-C12 fluoro hydrocarbyl; r3Selected from a direct bond, C1-C12 alkylene or C1-C12 fluoroalkylene;
and the second additive is selected from at least one of lithium salt additives or organic ester additives.
Preferably, R1、R2Independently selected from C1-C6 hydrocarbyl, C1-C6 fluoro hydrocarbyl; r3Selected from a direct bond, C1-C4 alkylene or C1-C4 fluoroalkylene.
More preferably, the first additive is selected from at least one of the following structures:
the lithium salt additive is selected from at least one of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), lithium bis (oxalato) phosphate (LiDFOP), lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiDFOB), lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate (LiTFOP) and lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate; the organic ester additive is selected from at least one of vinyl sulfate (DTD), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), Methylene Methane Disulfonate (MMDS), Ethylene Sulfite (ES), 1, 4-Butane Sultone (BS), Propylene Sulfate (PSA), tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP) and tris (trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB).
In the high-voltage electrolyte, the addition amount of the first additive accounts for 0.1-10.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte, and the addition amount of the second additive accounts for 0.1-10.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte. Preferably, the addition amount of the first additive accounts for 0.2-3.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte, and the addition amount of the second additive accounts for 0.2-3.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte.
The main lithium salt of the invention can be common lithium salt in electrolyte. Preferably, the main lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, and the molar concentration of the main lithium salt is 0.1 to 4.0mol/L, and the main lithium salt is different from the second additive. More preferably, the main lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, and the molar concentration of the main lithium salt is 0.8-1.5 mol/L.
The organic solvent of the invention can be common organic solvent in electrolyte. Preferably, the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of C3-C6 carbonate compounds, C3-C8 carboxylic acid ester compounds, sulfone compounds and ether compounds. Further, the air conditioner is characterized in that,
the carbonate or fluoro carbonate compound of C3-C6 is at least one selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate;
the carboxylic ester or fluorinated carboxylic ester compound of C3-C8 is at least one selected from gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, propyl acetate and propyl propionate;
the sulfone compound is at least one selected from sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone;
the ether compound is selected from triglyme and/or tetraglyme.
The first additive of the present invention may beThe electrolyte can participate in the formation of a negative electrode SEI film, can act on a positive electrode interface, particularly can form a layer of compact and stable interface film on the positive electrode interface, and can inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of a high-voltage positive electrode in the charging process. Meanwhile, the sulfur atom with strong electron-withdrawing effect in the structure of the thiophene phosphate compound can be oxidized and decomposed on the surface of the anode to generate LiSO4The R (lithium sulfate) compound has a three-dimensional pore structure, accelerates the shuttling of lithium ions in the protective film, and has lower internal resistance of the battery compared with the prior art, thereby effectively improving the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
The invention adopts the second additive and the first additive to be combined, and can further improve the compatibility problem of the film forming additive of the anode and the cathode interface. When the second additive is a lithium salt additive, an organic-inorganic cross-linked interfacial film component can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode, and the organic-inorganic cross-linked interfacial film component and the thiophene phosphate compound are decomposed to generate LiSO4The R (lithium sulfate) compounds form a protective film on the positive electrode together, so that the impedance is further reduced, and the high-voltage cycling stability is improved. When the second additive is an organic ester additive, the formed protective film contains more organic components, and the organic components and the thiophene phosphate compound are decomposed to generate LiSO4The R (lithium sulfate) compounds jointly form a protective film on the positive electrode, the toughness of the protective film is improved, the cracking and the reformation of the protective film are avoided, and the impedance growth rate in the circulating process is reduced.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and any one of the high-voltage electrolytes.
The anode material is selected from a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, a nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material or a lithium cobaltate material.
Further, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material is Li (Ni)xCoyMnz)O2，x≥0.5，y>0，z>0, x + y + z ═ 1; the nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material is Li (Ni)xCoyAlz)O2，x≥0.8，y>0，z>0, x + y + z ═ 1; the cobaltThe lithium material being LiCoO2。
The negative active material is selected from graphite, silicon carbon, silicon monoxide, silicon, tin, metallic lithium or composite materials thereof.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention solves the problems of large resistance and poor high-voltage cycling stability of the traditional additive in use by combining the first additive and the second additive, and simultaneously improves the multiplying power and high-low temperature performance of the battery.
2. The electrolyte is particularly suitable for a battery system in a high-voltage (more than 4.35V) and high-temperature (more than 45 ℃) environment, and the long-circulating performance of the battery is obviously improved compared with that of the conventional electrolyte in the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a LSV oxidation curve of a comparative example 1 electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a LSV reduction curve of the electrolyte of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention encompasses all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the claims.
Firstly, preparation of electrolyte
Preparing a basic electrolyte: ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a glove box filled with argon (moisture < 5ppm, oxygen < 10ppm) in the mass ratio EC: and (4) DEC: EMC 3:2:5, and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was slowly added to the mixed solution6) To LiPF6The molar concentration of (a) was 1.0mol/L, and a base electrolyte was obtained.
Example 1: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 2: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 0.5% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 3: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 2.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 4: to the base electrolyte, 0.5% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 5: to the base electrolyte, 2.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 6: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 2 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 7: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 4 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 8: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 5 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 9: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 8 and 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 10: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of vinyl sulfate (DTD) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 11: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 2 and 1.0% of vinyl sulfate (DTD) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 12: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 13: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate (liddrop) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 14: to the base electrolyte solution, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of lithium difluorooxalato borate (liddob) were added to obtain an electrolyte solution of the present example.
Example 15: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 16: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of 1, 4-Butane Sultone (BS) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present example.
Example 17: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP) were added to obtain an electrolyte of this example.
Comparative example 1: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 2: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) was added to obtain an electrolyte of the present comparative example.
Comparative example 3: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 2 was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 4: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 7 was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 5: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 10 was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 6: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 7: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate (lidtop) was added to obtain an electrolyte of the present comparative example.
Comparative example 8: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of vinyl sulfate (DTD) was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 9: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) was added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 10: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) and 1.0% of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present comparative example.
Comparative example 11: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) and 1.0% of vinyl sulfate (DTD) were added to obtain an electrolyte of the present comparative example.
Comparative example 12: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC) were added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
Comparative example 13: to the base electrolyte, 1.0% of compound 1 and 1.0% of 1, 3-Propene Sultone (PST) were added to obtain an electrolyte of this comparative example.
The mass percentages of the first additive, the second additive and the other additives in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 amount of additives used in examples and comparative examples
Second, performance test
1) The base electrolyte was added with 1.0% of compound 1, i.e., the electrolyte of comparative example 1, and subjected to LSV oxidation-reduction potential test.
Fig. 1 shows the LSV oxidation curve, and as shown in fig. 1, a preferential oxidation peak appears around 5.0V, and it is presumed that compound 1 may have a positive electrode film-forming effect and form a sulfur-containing and phosphorus-containing positive electrode protective film.
Fig. 2 shows an LSV reduction curve, and as shown in fig. 2, a preferential reduction peak appears around 1.5V, and it is presumed that compound 1 may have a negative electrode film-forming effect. Therefore, it is considered that the compound 1 participates in film formation of both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
2) The lithium ion battery electrolytes of the above examples and comparative examples are respectively made into a soft package capacity 1260mAh lithium ion power battery, and the lithium ion power battery comprisesThe battery comprises a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a diaphragm, electrolyte and battery auxiliary materials, wherein the positive pole material is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material (LiNi)0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) And the negative electrode material is graphite.
The preparation process comprises the following steps: winding the positive pole piece, the diaphragm and the negative pole piece into a winding core, sealing by using an aluminum plastic film, baking to enable the electrode moisture to meet the requirement, injecting electrolyte into the baked battery cell, and performing standing, formation, capacity grading and aging processes to obtain the finished product of the soft package battery cell.
The performance test of the prepared lithium ion power battery (soft package battery cell) mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) testing the battery capacity: charging the batteries after capacity grading to 4.35V at a constant current of 0.33C, and continuing constant voltage charging until the current of 0.05C is cut off; standing for 30 minutes; and discharging to 2.8V at a constant current of 1C to obtain the discharge capacity of the single battery.
(2) -20 ℃ cell discharge DCIR test: the battery was adjusted to a 50% SOC state with a current of 0.33C, left to stand in an environment of-20 ℃ for 5 hours to depolarize the battery, and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 after the end of the left to stand was recorded, and discharged with a current of 3C for 10 seconds, left to stand for 10 minutes, and the voltage OCV2 at the end of the large-current discharge was measured, and according to the formula DCIR ═ of (OCV1-OCV2)/3C, the low-temperature discharge DCIR of the unit cell was obtained.
(3) -20 ℃ battery discharge capacity test: and (3) standing the fully charged battery for 5 hours at the temperature of-20 ℃, and discharging to 2.8V at the current of 0.5 ℃ to obtain the low-temperature discharge capacity of the single battery.
(4) High temperature storage test at 60 ℃: and charging the battery to 100% SOC, standing in an oven at 60 +/-2 ℃ for 1 month, and testing the volume change before and after storage to obtain the volume change rate of the single battery before and after 60 ℃ storage.
(5) High temperature cycle test at 45 ℃: the battery is circulated in an oven at 45 +/-2 ℃ by charging and discharging current of 1C/1C, the charging capacity and the discharging capacity of each week are calculated, the DCIR change and the volume change in the battery circulation process are monitored every 100 weeks, and the capacity retention rate, the DCIR increase change rate and the volume change rate of the single battery after 45 ℃ circulation for 500 weeks are obtained.
Table 2 shows the test results of the basic performance (ACR internal resistance and initial capacity) and low-temperature performance of the soft-package battery cell prepared by different electrolyte formulations in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention; table 3 shows the test results of the 60 ℃ high-temperature storage performance (volume change rate before and after storage, internal resistance increase rate before and after storage) and the 45 ℃ cycle performance (volume change rate, DCIR internal resistance increase rate, capacity retention rate) of the soft-package battery core prepared by different electrolyte formulations in the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention. Each electrolyte formula is prepared into two same soft-package battery cells for parallel testing, and the two same soft-package battery cells are specifically shown in the following tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2 basic Properties and Low temperature Performance test results
TABLE 360 deg.C high-temperature storage, 45 deg.C high-temperature cycle performance test results
From the test results of table 2 and table 3, it can be seen that:
1. comparing example 1 with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, comparing example 10 with comparative example 1 and comparative example 8, and comparing example 15 with comparative example 1 and comparative example 9, it can be seen that under the high-voltage and high-temperature test conditions, the battery cell has better high-voltage and high-temperature performance, better inhibits high-temperature storage gas generation and high-temperature cycle gas generation, and simultaneously gives consideration to low-temperature performance compared with the case of singly using the first additive or singly using the second additive by adding the composition of the first additive and the second additive into the electrolyte.
2. Comparing examples 1, 6 to 17 and comparative examples 12 to 13, it can be seen that under the high-voltage and high-temperature test conditions, the combination of the first additive and the second additive of the invention has lower cell impedance, more excellent high-temperature storage performance and high-temperature cycle performance, compared with the combination of other high-voltage/high-temperature protection additives (such as VEC and PST), and can solve the problems of large impedance and poor high-voltage cycle stability when the conventional additive is used, and can also give consideration to the high-low temperature performance of the battery.
3. Comparing examples 1, 6 to 17 and comparative examples 10 to 11, it can be seen that the combination of the first additive and the second additive of the present invention has better high-temperature storage stability and significantly improved long-cycle performance of the battery at high voltage under high-temperature test conditions, compared to the combination of the lithium salt additive and the organic ester additive in the second additive.
In conclusion, in a high-voltage battery system, the combined additive of the first additive and the second additive has the effects of good compatibility of a negative electrode interface, remarkably improving high-voltage stability, inhibiting high-temperature circulation and gas storage, and simultaneously considering low-temperature discharge performance.
Claims (11)
1. A high voltage electrolyte comprising a primary lithium salt, an organic solvent, characterized in that: the electrolyte further includes:
a first additive, which is at least one of thiophene phosphate compounds represented by the following formula (I):
in the formula, R1、R2Independently selected from C1-C12 hydrocarbyl, C1-C12 fluoro hydrocarbyl; r3Selected from a direct bond, C1-C12 alkylene or C1-C12 fluoroalkylene;
and the second additive is selected from at least one of lithium salt additives or organic ester additives.
2. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: r1、R2Independently selected from C1-C6 hydrocarbyl, C1-C6 fluoro hydrocarbyl; r3Selected from a direct bond, C1-C4 alkylene or C1-C4 fluoroalkylene.
3. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 2, wherein: the first additive is selected from at least one of the following structures:
4. the high voltage electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the lithium salt additive is selected from at least one of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorobis (oxalato) phosphate, lithium difluorooxalato borate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate and lithium tris (oxalato) phosphate; the organic ester additive is selected from at least one of vinyl sulfate, 1, 3-propane sultone, methylene methane disulfonate, ethylene sulfite, 1, 4-butane sultone, allyl sulfate, tri (trimethylsilyl) phosphate and tri (trimethylsilyl) borate.
5. The high voltage electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the addition amount of the first additive accounts for 0.1-10.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte, and the addition amount of the second additive accounts for 0.1-10.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte.
6. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 5, wherein: the addition amount of the first additive accounts for 0.2-3.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte, and the addition amount of the second additive accounts for 0.2-3.0% of the total amount of the electrolyte.
7. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the main lithium salt is at least one selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, and the molar concentration of the main lithium salt is 0.1-4.0 mol/L.
8. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent is at least one selected from C3-C6 carbonate compounds, C3-C8 carboxylic ester compounds, sulfone compounds and ether compounds.
9. The high voltage electrolyte of claim 8, wherein:
the carbonate or fluoro carbonate compound of C3-C6 is at least one selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate;
the carboxylic ester or fluorinated carboxylic ester compound of C3-C8 is at least one selected from gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, propyl acetate and propyl propionate;
the sulfone compound is at least one selected from sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone;
the ether compound is selected from triglyme and/or tetraglyme.
10. A lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a diaphragm, and is characterized in that: the lithium ion battery further comprises the high voltage electrolyte of any one of claims 1-9.
11. The lithium ion battery of claim 10, wherein: the anode material is selected from a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, a nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material or a lithium cobaltate material.
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