CN114686863B - Preparation method for forming passivation layer by Al/NdFeB magnet - Google Patents
Preparation method for forming passivation layer by Al/NdFeB magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN114686863B CN114686863B CN202210291183.1A CN202210291183A CN114686863B CN 114686863 B CN114686863 B CN 114686863B CN 202210291183 A CN202210291183 A CN 202210291183A CN 114686863 B CN114686863 B CN 114686863B
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 82
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical compound C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/02—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using non-aqueous solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
- C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of neodymium iron boron surface protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method for forming a passivation layer by an Al/NdFeB magnet, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a ceramic liquid: adding 20 parts by mass of perhydro polysilazane, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of heat stabilizer, 0.3-0.5 part by mass of dispersing agent and 80 parts by mass of dibutyl ether organic solvent into a container, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution of the perhydro polysilazane with the mass fraction of 20% dissolved in the dibutyl ether; s2: coating the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet with the ceramic liquid: ultrasonically cleaning an Al/NdFeB sample with acetone for 8-10 min, drying, putting the sample into a contact box with a ceramic liquid, dip-coating for 3-5 min, and taking out the sample by using a mechanical claw after the dip-coating is completed; s3: surface cross-linking of the ceramic liquid and the Al/NdFeB magnet: the sintering boat with the dip-coated sample is placed in an incubator at a certain temperature, and the temperature is kept at 100 ℃ for 1-2 h to realize crosslinking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of neodymium iron boron surface protection, and particularly relates to a preparation method for forming a passivation layer by an Al/NdFeB magnet.
Background
The 'magnetic king' neodymium iron boron in the third generation permanent magnet material has the advantages of good magnetic performance, low cost and the like, is widely applied to various pillar industries and high and new technology industries, however, the multiphase structure and the interphase potential difference of the magnet are easy to corrode, and greatly limit the development and application of the magnet.
At present, the protection methods of the NdFeB magnet at home and abroad are divided into an alloying method and a surface protection method, wherein the alloying method reduces the potential difference, but causes a certain loss of the magnetic property of the magnet; the implementation means of the surface protection method can be also subjected to elbow pulling in the aspects of environmental protection, economy and the like, such as the electroplating solution and the passivation solution used in the electroplating and passivation process of the Zn-plated layer are extremely unfriendly to the environment, and Ni in the Ni layer is noble metal, so that the production cost is high, and the search of a protection method which is economical and practical and does not influence the service performance of the magnet becomes a research hot spot.
The ceramic passivation layer is formed on the surface of the neodymium iron boron magnet, so that the corrosion resistance of the neodymium iron boron magnet can be improved, and the neodymium iron boron magnet is a simple and environment-friendly passivation means.
For this purpose, the invention provides a method for preparing a passivation layer formed by an Al/NdFeB magnet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem presented in the background art is solved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a preparation method for forming a passivation layer by an Al/NdFeB magnet, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a ceramic liquid: adding 20 parts by mass of perhydro polysilazane, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of heat stabilizer, 0.3-0.5 part by mass of dispersing agent and 80 parts by mass of dibutyl ether organic solvent into a container, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution of the perhydro polysilazane with the mass fraction of 20% dissolved in the dibutyl ether;
s2: coating the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet with the ceramic liquid: ultrasonically cleaning an Al/NdFeB sample with acetone for 8-10 min, drying, putting the sample into a contact box with a ceramic liquid, dip-coating for 3-5 min, and taking out the sample by using a mechanical claw after the dip-coating is completed;
s3: surface cross-linking of the ceramic liquid and the Al/NdFeB magnet: placing the sintering boat with the dip-coated sample in a constant temperature box at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 1-2 h to realize crosslinking;
s4: pyrolysis of the ceramic liquid on the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet: heating the crosslinked sample to 200-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the neodymium iron boron passivation sample with the ceramic layer on the surface.
The heat stabilizer may be dihydropyridine;
the dispersant may be stearamide;
the precursor solution is utilized to obtain the surface required by passivation, the traditional chromium passivation process is replaced, and the problem of environmental pollution is well solved; meanwhile, the method for preparing the passivation film is flexible and simple, and the composition of the prepared passivation film layer has various changes; the percentage of various elements is analyzed synchronously, which has important significance for optimizing the passivation layer composition; the prepared passivation layer improves the corrosion resistance of the evaporated Al layer on the surface of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, and prolongs the service life of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet under severe conditions.
Preferably, the contact box is square setting, and the contact groove has been seted up on the top of contact box, four lateral wall middle parts of contact box are all fixed mounting have servo motor, servo motor's drive end fixed mounting has the driving plate, the middle part of contact groove is provided with the pocket net, the outside fixedly connected with of pocket net is a plurality of groups of connecting rope, the rigid coupling has the piece of pulling between connecting rope and the driving plate, the top rigid coupling of gripper has drive module, only needs to put into the contact groove with the material, and the material will be held by the pocket net to suspend in the ceramic liquid, greatly reduced the material sunk bottom leads to the contact surface too little, leads to the material bottom not fully to contact with the ceramic liquid, makes the problem of finished product quality reduction, and cooperation this kind of setting simultaneously can upwards lift the pocket net when the material is gone into, lets the material move to the middle part of contact box under the effect of gravity, let the pocket net slowly sink through servo electricity after the coating of invading, makes the material stay in the bottom middle part of contact groove steadily, thereby realized location function convenient to grasp.
Preferably, the top of pulling the piece is the arc setting, the bottom of pulling the piece is the indent setting, the bottom mid-mounting of contact box has the magnetite, the pocket net includes the hollow rope of weaving of a plurality of intercrossing, the outside of weaving the rope is provided with the hydrophobic pad, cooperates the material and the hollow setting of pocket net for when pocket net and material contact, can not excessively extrude the material, further guaranteed the quality of finished product, cooperation simultaneously pulls the structural design of piece, not only can guide the material after getting into the contact groove, can remove to the center, cooperation simultaneously the indent setting of bottom for pull the piece and can rotate the bottom smoothly, let the material guide function can normally operate, and the setting of magnetite can attract the material, further improves the positioning effect.
Preferably, the pulling block comprises an arc-shaped center rod, one end of the center rod is fixedly connected with the driving disc, a hydrophobic sheet is wrapped on the outer side of the center rod, a gap exists between the hydrophobic sheet and the center rod, a plurality of groups of connecting sheets are fixedly connected between the center rod and the hydrophobic sheet, the connecting sheets are made of elastic materials, sealing bags are fixedly connected between the hydrophobic sheet and the driving disc and are made of elastic materials, the hollow setting of the pulling block is matched, after the working is finished, the servo motor can be started to drive the center rod to rotate up and down, the elastic connecting sheets are matched to be connected, so that the hydrophobic sheet wrapped on the outer side is vibrated, ceramic liquid attached on the outer side can be thrown out, and then clear water is matched for washing, so that the cleaning effect is greatly improved, and the time and energy required by subsequent treatment are reduced.
Preferably, the mechanical claw comprises two groups of grabbing arms, a hydraulic module is connected between the two groups of grabbing arms, an extrusion sheet is fixedly arranged on one side of each grabbing arm and is in an arc shape, the extrusion sheet is made of elastic materials, the hydraulic module can drive the two groups of grabbing arms to be horizontally combined and opened, the two groups of extrusion sheets are matched, when the materials are grabbed, the two groups of extrusion sheets can be extruded with the materials, the extrusion sheets are enabled to be in contact deformation, the contact surface of the extrusion sheets and the materials is slowly increased, the stress is also slowly increased, the problem that the material surface is damaged by the grabbing arms in the grabbing process is greatly reduced, and therefore the quality of finished products is further improved.
Preferably, the inboard sliding connection of arm has the connecting rod, the both ends of connecting rod all are located the outside of arm, the one end fixed mounting of connecting rod has the kicking ball, the kicking ball is located the middle part of extrusion piece, the kicking ball is elastic material preparation, and the outside of connecting rod leans on the outside fixedly connected with spring of the other end and arm, cooperation connecting rod and kicking ball set up, can greatly reduced extrusion piece skew to both sides in extrusion process, lead to the condition that the extrusion appears in error to when having guaranteed extrusion piece extrusion, the effect of inwards spreading in center lets extrusion process go on smoothly, and the setting of elasticity kicking ball can reduce the too strong problem of central extrusion force.
Preferably, the middle part of snatching the arm rotates and is connected with two multilayer telescopic sleeves, and two sets of multilayer telescopic sleeves are the symmetry setting, multilayer telescopic sleeve's one end fixed mounting has the friction strip, and multilayer telescopic sleeve's inboard is hollow setting, snatch arm's inboard fixed mounting has pneumatic component, pneumatic component includes blowing pump and aspirator pump, be connected with elastic connection pipe between pneumatic component's the output and the multilayer telescopic sleeve, multilayer telescopic sleeve's the outside is provided with power component, along with extrusion of extrusion piece, can promote the pottery liquid on the material to upper and lower both sides, when extrusion end needs loosen, infuse atmospheric pressure to multilayer telescopic sleeve's inboard through pneumatic component for multilayer telescopic sleeve can outwards expand to let the friction strip of tip and the surface contact of material, and drive multilayer telescopic sleeve through power component and slowly rotate, let the friction strip carry out the merging motion along extrusion piece's the flexible condition, through this kind of setting, can be effectual with outwards release the pottery liquid, even smooth surface to the material, and loosen the material at last, guaranteed when breaking away from the mechanical claw and in the even outside, the extrusion piece is in the even state of extrusion piece, thereby can shorten the normal quality of the extrusion piece, thereby can shorten the normal work, and the quality is further shortened and is deformed, and the quality is deformed.
Preferably, the power component comprises a rotating wheel set, the rotating wheel set comprises two groups of rotating wheels, the two groups of rotating wheels are all connected with the grabbing arm in a rotating way, the two groups of rotating wheels are connected with each other in a transmission way, one group of rotating wheels are connected with the outer side of the connecting rod in a transmission way, a transmission belt is connected between the outer side of the rotating rod of the other group of rotating wheels and the outer side of the rotating rod of the multilayer telescopic sleeve, the rotating wheel set is driven to rotate by matching with the arrangement of the rotating wheel set, the multilayer telescopic sleeve can be driven to rotate by matching with the drive of the transmission belt, when the extrusion piece is extruded, the multilayer telescopic sleeve is outwards unfolded, and the multilayer telescopic sleeve is inwards folded when the extrusion piece is recovered, so that the effect that the multilayer telescopic sleeve follows the extrusion piece to rotate is achieved, no extra power source is needed, the operation is convenient, and other energy sources are not required to be consumed.
Preferably, the friction strip is rectangular shape setting, and the outside fixed mounting of friction strip has a plurality of groups extrusion strip, the extrusion strip is the arc setting, and the extrusion strip is elastic material preparation, cooperates the setting of extrusion strip for the effect of pacifying of ceramic liquid is better, and rectangular shape friction strip can cover the extruded position of extrusion piece comprehensively, thereby has guaranteed to smooth the effect, has further improved finished product quality.
Preferably, the outside fixed mounting of connecting rod has the friction pad, multilayer telescopic tube's cross-section is the diamond setting, and the setting of cooperation friction pad has increased frictional force, has reduced the problem of runner group idle running, and multilayer telescopic tube's cross-section diamond setting can reduce the liquid resistance in the removal process, not only conveniently rotates, and reduces the resistance and can further improve the transmission effect.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the preparation method for forming the passivation layer by the Al/NdFeB magnet, disclosed by the invention, the surface required by passivation is obtained by utilizing the precursor solution, so that the traditional chromium passivation process is replaced, and the problem of environmental pollution is well solved; meanwhile, the method for preparing the passivation film is flexible and simple, and the composition of the prepared passivation film layer has various changes; the percentage of various elements is analyzed synchronously, which has important significance for optimizing the passivation layer composition; the prepared passivation layer improves the corrosion resistance of the evaporated Al layer on the surface of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, and prolongs the service life of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet under severe conditions.
2. According to the preparation method for forming the passivation layer by the Al/NdFeB magnet, through the arrangement of the pocket net and the pulling block, the material can be held and suspended in the ceramic liquid, the problem that the contact surface is too small due to sinking of the material and the quality of a finished product is reduced due to insufficient contact between the bottom of the material and the ceramic liquid is greatly reduced is solved, meanwhile, the pocket net can be lifted upwards when the material enters, the material can move to the middle part of the contact box under the action of gravity, after the dip coating is finished, the pocket net is slowly sunk through servo electricity, and the material can stably stay in the middle part of the bottom end of the contact groove, so that the positioning function is realized, and the grabbing work of a mechanical claw is facilitated.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the attachment of the pull block to the contact box in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the gripper arm of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a contact box; 2. a driving module; 3. a mechanical claw; 4. a contact groove; 5. a servo motor; 6. a drive plate; 7. pulling the block; 8. a connecting rope; 9. a pocket net; 10. a magnet; 11. a grasping arm; 13. a hydrophobic sheet; 14. a central rod; 15. a connecting sheet; 16. sealing the bag; 17. a multi-layer telescoping sleeve; 18. a friction bar; 19. extruding the sheet; 20. pushing a ball; 21. a connecting rod; 22. a pneumatic assembly; 23. a transmission belt; 24. a connecting pipe; 25. a rotating wheel group; 26. extruding the strip.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method for forming the passivation layer by using the Al/NdFeB magnet according to the embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1: preparing a ceramic liquid: adding 20 parts by mass of perhydro polysilazane, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of heat stabilizer, 0.3-0.5 part by mass of dispersing agent and 80 parts by mass of dibutyl ether organic solvent into a container, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution of the perhydro polysilazane with the mass fraction of 20% dissolved in the dibutyl ether;
s2: coating the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet with the ceramic liquid: ultrasonically cleaning an Al/NdFeB sample with acetone for 8-10 min, drying, putting the sample into a contact box 1 containing a ceramic liquid, dip-coating for 3-5 min, and taking out the sample by using a mechanical claw 3 after dip-coating;
s3: surface cross-linking of the ceramic liquid and the Al/NdFeB magnet: placing the sintering boat with the dip-coated sample in a constant temperature box at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 1-2 h to realize crosslinking;
s4: pyrolysis of the ceramic liquid on the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet: heating the crosslinked sample to 200-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the neodymium iron boron passivation sample with the ceramic layer on the surface.
The heat stabilizer may be dihydropyridine;
the dispersant may be stearamide;
the precursor solution is utilized to obtain the surface required by passivation, the traditional chromium passivation process is replaced, and the problem of environmental pollution is well solved; meanwhile, the method for preparing the passivation film is flexible and simple, and the composition of the prepared passivation film layer has various changes; the percentage of various elements is analyzed synchronously, which has important significance for optimizing the passivation layer composition; the prepared passivation layer improves the corrosion resistance of the evaporated Al layer on the surface of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, and prolongs the service life of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet under severe conditions.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the contact box 1 is square, and the contact groove 4 has been seted up on the top of the contact box 1, the equal fixed mounting in four lateral wall middle parts of contact box 1 has servo motor 5, servo motor 5's transmission end fixed mounting has driving plate 6, the middle part of contact groove 4 is provided with the pocket net 9, the outside fixedly connected with of pocket net 9 is a plurality of group connection rope 8, the fixedly connected with pulls piece 7 between connecting rope 8 and the driving plate 6, the top rigid coupling of gripper 3 has driving module 2, and during operation, only needs to put into the contact groove 4 with the material, and the material will be caught by pocket net 9 to suspend in the ceramic liquid, greatly reduced the material sunk to lead to the contact surface too little, lead to the material bottom insufficient with the contact of ceramic liquid, make the problem of finished product quality reduction, and can start servo motor drive driving plate 6 and pull piece 7 and rotate for pocket net 9 to come up and descend, and in the in-process because of pulling the distance between the heavy piece 7 has pull piece 7, the top rigid coupling of gripper 3 has the pocket net 9, can be stopped by the pocket net 9 when the material is hung down in the middle part, and the pocket net 9 can be held down in the middle part in the position in the middle of the position in the time of the material is held down, can be had the pocket net 9 to the material is held down in the middle of the position in the material, and the material is held down in the position of the middle of the position of the material, the material is held down in the position of the pocket 3, and the material is had the effect in the position of the material has been held down in the position to the material in the position 3, and has been held down the material in the position to the position 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the top of pulling the piece 7 is the arc setting, the bottom of pulling the piece 7 is the indent setting, contact box 1's bottom middle part fixed mounting has magnetite 10, the hollow rope of weaving of a plurality of intercrossing is included to the pocket net 9, the outside of weaving the rope is provided with the hydrophobic pad, and during operation, the material and the hollow setting of cooperation pocket net 9 for the pocket net 9 can not excessively extrude the material when material contact, has further guaranteed the quality of finished product, and the structural design of pulling the piece 7 is pulled in the cooperation simultaneously, not only can guide the material get into behind the contact groove 4, can remove to the center, and the indent setting of cooperation bottom simultaneously makes the piece 7 can rotate to the bottom smoothly, lets the material guide function can normally function, and magnetite 10's setting can attract the material, further improves the location effect.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the pulling block 7 includes an arc-shaped central rod 14, one end of the central rod 14 is fixedly connected with the driving disc 6, a hydrophobic sheet 13 is wrapped on the outer side of the central rod 14, a gap exists between the hydrophobic sheet 13 and the central rod 14, a plurality of groups of connecting sheets 15 are fixedly connected between the central rod 14 and the hydrophobic sheet 13, the connecting sheets 15 are made of elastic materials, a sealing bag 16 is fixedly connected between the hydrophobic sheet 13 and the driving disc 6, the sealing bag 16 is made of elastic materials, during operation, the hollow arrangement of the pulling block 7 is matched, after the operation is finished, the servo motor 5 can be started to drive the central rod 14 to rotate up and down, the elastic connecting sheets 15 are matched, so that the hydrophobic sheet 13 wrapped on the outer side vibrates, the ceramic liquid attached on the outer side can be thrown out, and then the cleaning effect is greatly improved, and time and energy required for subsequent treatment are reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the gripper 3 includes two groups of gripping arms 11, a hydraulic module is connected between the two groups of gripping arms 11, one side of the gripping arm 11 is fixedly provided with a gripping sheet 19, the gripping sheet 19 is in an arc shape, and the gripping sheet 19 is made of an elastic material, when in operation, the hydraulic module can drive the two groups of gripping arms 11 to be horizontally combined and opened, and the two groups of gripping sheets 19 are matched with each other, when the materials are gripped, the two groups of gripping sheets 19 can be extruded with the materials, so that the gripping sheets 19 are in contact deformation, and by the method, the contact surface between the gripping sheets 19 and the materials is slowly increased, the stress is also slowly increased, the problem that the gripping arms 11 damage the surface of the materials to be ceramic liquid is greatly reduced, and thus the quality of finished products is further improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the connecting rod 21 is slidably connected to the inner side of the grabbing arm 11, both ends of the connecting rod 21 are located on the outer side of the grabbing arm 11, a top ball 20 is fixedly mounted at one end of the connecting rod 21, the top ball 20 is located in the middle of the extrusion piece 19, the top ball 20 is made of an elastic material, and a spring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting rod 21 and the outer side of the grabbing arm 11 by the other end, and in operation, the connecting rod 21 and the top ball 20 are matched, so that the offset of the extrusion piece 19 to two sides in the extrusion process can be greatly reduced, the situation of errors in extrusion is caused, the inward spreading effect of the center is guaranteed when the extrusion piece 19 is extruded, the extrusion process can be smoothly performed, and the problem of overhigh central extrusion force can be reduced due to the arrangement of the elastic top ball 20.
As shown in fig. 5, the middle part of the grabbing arm 11 rotates and is connected with two multilayer telescopic sleeves 17, two sets of multilayer telescopic sleeves 17 are symmetrically arranged, one end of each multilayer telescopic sleeve 17 is fixedly provided with a friction strip 18, the inner side of each multilayer telescopic sleeve 17 is hollow, the inner side of each grabbing arm 11 is fixedly provided with a pneumatic component 22, each pneumatic component 22 comprises a pneumatic pump and a suction pump, an elastic connecting pipe 24 is connected between the output end of each pneumatic component 22 and each multilayer telescopic sleeve 17, the outer side of each multilayer telescopic sleeve 17 is provided with a power component, during operation, along with extrusion of each extrusion piece 19, ceramic liquid on a material can be pushed to the upper side and the lower side, when the extrusion is finished and needs to be released, air pressure is infused into the inner side of each multilayer telescopic sleeve 17 through the pneumatic component 22, the friction strips 18 at the end are outwards unfolded, the friction strips 18 at the end are contacted with the surface of the material, the multilayer telescopic sleeves 17 are driven by the power components to slowly rotate, the friction strips 18 can follow the expansion conditions of the extrusion pieces 19 to be combined, the extrusion pieces can be effectively pushed out outwards, the ceramic liquid can be evenly extruded out, the surface of the ceramic liquid can be evenly spread out of the material when the extrusion pieces are not normally, the extrusion pieces are evenly spread out of the surface of the material, the ceramic material is recovered, the quality of the ceramic material is further reduced, and the quality of the ceramic material is normally deformed, and the quality is recovered, and the quality of the ceramic material is well is deformed, and the quality can be well, and the quality after the extrusion material is well is deformed.
As shown in fig. 5, the power assembly includes a roller set 25, the roller set 25 includes two sets of rollers, the two sets of rollers are all rotationally connected with the grabbing arm 11, the two sets of rollers are mutually connected in a transmission way, one set of rollers is connected with the outer side of the connecting rod 21 in a transmission way, a transmission belt 23 is connected between the outer side of the rotating rod of the other set of rollers and the outer side of the rotating rod of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17, in operation, the roller set 25 is driven by the connecting rod 21 to rotate when moving, meanwhile, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 can be driven to rotate by being driven by the transmission belt 23, when the extrusion piece 19 is extruded, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is outwards unfolded, and the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is inwards folded when the extrusion piece 19 is recovered, so that the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 rotates along with the state of the extrusion piece 19, no extra power source is needed, operation is convenient, and other energy sources are not consumed.
As shown in fig. 5, the friction strip 18 is in a strip shape, a plurality of extrusion strips 26 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the friction strip 18, the extrusion strips 26 are in an arc shape, the extrusion strips 26 are made of elastic materials, and the extrusion strips 26 are matched with each other in working, so that the leveling effect of the ceramic liquid is better, the strip-shaped friction strip 18 can fully cover the extruded part of the extrusion sheet 19, the leveling effect is guaranteed, and the quality of a finished product is further improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the friction pad is fixedly installed on the outer side of the connecting rod 21, the cross section of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is in a diamond shape, and when the multi-layer telescopic sleeve is in operation, the friction pad is matched, so that the friction force is increased, the problem of idle running of the runner group 25 is reduced, and the cross section of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is in a diamond shape, so that the liquid resistance in the moving process can be reduced, the rotation is convenient, and the transmission effect can be further improved by reducing the resistance.
When the mechanical gripper is in operation, materials are only required to be placed in the contact groove 4, the materials are held by the pocket net 9 and suspended in the ceramic liquid, the problem that the contact surface is too small due to the fact that the bottom of the materials is too small, the bottoms of the materials are not fully contacted with the ceramic liquid, and the quality of finished products is reduced is greatly reduced, a servo motor can be started to drive the driving plate 6 and the pulling block 7 to rotate, so that the pocket net 9 floats and sinks, the distance between the pulling blocks 7 is increased in the sinking process, the pocket net 9 can be straightened, the pocket net 9 forms a concave shape due to the gravity effect of the materials when the pocket net 9 rises, the pocket net 9 can be lifted upwards when the materials enter the ceramic liquid by matching with the arrangement, the materials are enabled to move to the middle part of the contact box 1 under the gravity effect, and after the coating is finished, the pocket net 9 is enabled to slowly sink through the servo motor 5, so that the materials can stably stay at the middle part of the contact groove 4, and the positioning function is realized, and the grabbing operation of the mechanical gripper 3 is facilitated; when in work, the material and the hollow arrangement of the pocket net 9 are matched, so that the pocket net 9 can not excessively squeeze the material when in contact with the material, the quality of a finished product is further ensured, and simultaneously, the structural design of the pulling block 7 is matched, so that the material can be guided to enter the contact groove 4, the material guiding device can move towards the center, and simultaneously is matched with the concave arrangement of the bottom end, so that the pulling block 7 can smoothly rotate to the bottom end, the material guiding function can normally operate, and the arrangement of the magnet 10 can attract materials, and the positioning effect is further improved; when the device works, the servo motor 5 can be started to drive the center rod 14 to rotate up and down in cooperation with the hollow arrangement of the pulling block 7 after the work is finished, and the connection arrangement of the elastic connecting sheet 15 is matched, so that the hydrophobic sheet 13 wrapped on the outer side is vibrated, the ceramic liquid attached on the outer side can be thrown out, and then the cleaning effect is greatly improved in cooperation with the washing of clean water, so that the time and energy required by subsequent treatment are reduced; when the hydraulic module works, the hydraulic module can drive the two groups of grabbing arms 11 to be horizontally combined and opened, and is matched with the arrangement of the two groups of extrusion sheets 19, when the material is grabbed, the two groups of extrusion sheets 19 can be extruded with the material, so that the extrusion sheets 19 are in contact deformation, and by the method, the contact surface of the extrusion sheets 19 and the material is slowly increased, the stress is slowly increased, the problem that the grabbing arms 11 damage the ceramic liquid on the surface of the material in the grabbing process is greatly reduced, and the quality of a finished product is further improved; during operation, the arrangement of the connecting rod 21 and the top ball 20 is matched, so that the situation that the extrusion sheet 19 deflects to two sides in the extrusion process to cause errors in extrusion can be greatly reduced, the inward center spreading effect is ensured when the extrusion sheet 19 is extruded, the extrusion process can be smoothly carried out, and the arrangement of the elastic top ball 20 can reduce the problem that the central extrusion force is too strong; when the extrusion press piece 19 is in operation, the ceramic liquid on the material is pushed to the upper side and the lower side, when the extrusion is finished and needs to be loosened, air pressure is infused to the inner side of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 through the air pressure component 22, so that the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 can be outwards unfolded, the friction strips 18 at the end part are in contact with the surface of the material, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is driven by the power component to slowly rotate, the friction strips 18 can be combined to move along with the expansion condition of the extrusion press piece 19, through the arrangement, the ceramic liquid pushed outwards can be effectively and evenly smoothed to the surface of the material, and finally, the material is loosened, and the outer ceramic liquid is in a state of being evenly smeared when the material is separated from the mechanical claw 3, so that the quality of a finished product is further improved, after the operation is finished, the air pressure is recovered, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is shortened, and normal extrusion deformation operation of the extrusion press piece 19 is not affected; when the multi-layer telescopic sleeve is in operation, the connecting rod 21 is matched with the arrangement of the rotating wheel group 25, so that the rotating wheel group 25 can be driven to rotate when the connecting rod 21 moves, meanwhile, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 can be driven to rotate by being matched with the driving of the driving belt 23, when the extrusion sheet 19 is extruded, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is outwards unfolded, and when the extrusion sheet 19 is recovered, the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 is inwards folded, so that the effect that the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 rotates along with the state of the extrusion sheet 19 is realized, no additional power source is needed, the operation is convenient, and other energy sources are not consumed; in operation, the setting of the extrusion strip 26 is matched, so that the smoothing effect of the ceramic liquid is better, and the strip-shaped friction strip 18 can fully cover the extruded part of the extrusion sheet 19, thereby ensuring the smoothing effect and further improving the quality of the finished product; during operation, the friction force is increased by matching with the friction pad, the idling problem of the runner group 25 is reduced, and the cross section diamond-shaped arrangement of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve 17 can reduce the liquid resistance in the moving process, so that the multi-layer telescopic sleeve is convenient to rotate, and the transmission effect can be further improved by reducing the resistance.
The front, rear, left, right, up and down are all based on fig. 1 in the drawings of the specification, the face of the device facing the observer is defined as front, the left side of the observer is defined as left, and so on, according to the viewing angle of the person.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method for forming a passivation layer by an Al/NdFeB magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a ceramic liquid: adding 20 parts by mass of perhydro polysilazane, 0.1-0.2 part by mass of heat stabilizer, 0.3-0.5 part by mass of dispersing agent and 80 parts by mass of dibutyl ether organic solvent into a container, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a solution of the perhydro polysilazane with the mass fraction of 20% in the dibutyl ether, namely a ceramic solution;
s2: coating the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet with the ceramic liquid: ultrasonically cleaning an Al/NdFeB sample with acetone for 8-10 min, drying, putting the sample into a contact box (1) with a ceramic liquid, dip-coating for 3-5 min, and taking out the sample by using a mechanical claw (3) after the dip-coating is completed;
s3: surface cross-linking of the ceramic liquid and the Al/NdFeB magnet: placing the sintering boat with the dip-coated sample in a constant temperature box at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 1-2 h to realize crosslinking;
s4: pyrolysis of the ceramic liquid on the surface of the Al/NdFeB magnet: heating the crosslinked sample to 200-450 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling with a furnace to obtain a neodymium iron boron passivation sample with a ceramic layer on the surface;
the contact box (1) is square, a contact groove (4) is formed in the top end of the contact box (1), servo motors (5) are fixedly installed in the middle of the four side walls of the contact box (1), driving discs (6) are fixedly installed at the transmission ends of the servo motors (5), a pocket net (9) is arranged in the middle of the contact groove (4), a plurality of groups of connecting ropes (8) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the pocket net (9), a pulling block (7) is fixedly connected between the connecting ropes (8) and the driving discs (6), and driving modules (2) are fixedly connected to the top ends of the mechanical claws (3);
the top end of the pulling block (7) is in an arc shape, the bottom end of the pulling block (7) is in an inward concave shape, a magnet (10) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom end of the contact box (1), the pocket net (9) comprises a plurality of mutually-intersected hollow braided ropes, and a hydrophobic pad is arranged on the outer side of each braided rope;
the mechanical claw (3) comprises two groups of grabbing arms (11), a hydraulic module is connected between the two groups of grabbing arms (11), an extrusion sheet (19) is fixedly arranged on one side of each grabbing arm (11), the extrusion sheet (19) is in an arc-shaped arrangement, and the extrusion sheet (19) is made of an elastic material;
the inner side of the grabbing arm (11) is slidably connected with a connecting rod (21), two ends of the connecting rod (21) are located on the outer side of the grabbing arm (11), one end of the connecting rod (21) is fixedly provided with a top ball (20), the top ball (20) is located in the middle of the extrusion sheet (19), the top ball (20) is made of elastic materials, and springs are fixedly connected with the outer side of the connecting rod (21) close to the other end of the connecting rod and the outer side of the grabbing arm (11);
the middle part rotation of snatch arm (11) is connected with two multilayer telescopic tube (17), and two sets of multilayer telescopic tube (17) are the symmetry setting, the one end fixed mounting of multilayer telescopic tube (17) has friction strip (18), and the inboard of multilayer telescopic tube (17) is hollow setting, the inboard fixed mounting of snatch arm (11) has pneumatic module (22), pneumatic module (22) are including blowing pump and suction pump, be connected with elastic connection pipe (24) between the output of pneumatic module (22) and multilayer telescopic tube (17), the outside of multilayer telescopic tube (17) is provided with power pack.
2. The method for preparing a passivation layer formed by an Al/NdFeB magnet according to claim 1, wherein: the pulling block (7) comprises an arc-shaped central rod (14), one end of the central rod (14) is fixedly connected with the driving disc (6), a hydrophobic sheet (13) is wrapped on the outer side of the central rod (14), a gap exists between the hydrophobic sheet (13) and the central rod (14), a plurality of groups of connecting sheets (15) are fixedly connected between the central rod (14) and the hydrophobic sheet (13), the connecting sheets (15) are made of elastic materials, a sealing bag (16) is fixedly connected between the hydrophobic sheet (13) and the driving disc (6), and the sealing bag (16) is made of elastic materials.
3. The method for preparing a passivation layer formed by an Al/NdFeB magnet according to claim 1, wherein: the power assembly comprises a rotating wheel set (25), the rotating wheel set (25) comprises two groups of rotating wheels, the two groups of rotating wheels are rotationally connected with the grabbing arm (11), the two groups of rotating wheels are in transmission connection with each other, one group of rotating wheels are in transmission connection with the outer side of the connecting rod (21), and a transmission belt (23) is connected between the outer side of a rotating rod of the other group of rotating wheels and the outer side of a rotating rod of the multilayer telescopic sleeve (17).
4. A method of forming a passivation layer for an Al/NdFeB magnet according to claim 3, wherein: the friction strip (18) is arranged in a strip shape, a plurality of extrusion strips (26) are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the friction strip (18), the extrusion strips (26) are arranged in an arc shape, and the extrusion strips (26) are made of elastic materials.
5. The method for preparing a passivation layer formed by an Al/NdFeB magnet according to claim 4, wherein: the friction pad is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod (21), and the section of the multi-layer telescopic sleeve (17) is arranged in a diamond shape.
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