CN114667899A - Late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production method for healthy sugarcane seedlings - Google Patents
Late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production method for healthy sugarcane seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 208000037824 growth disorder Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001600408 Aphis gossypii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465977 Coccoidea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 potassium sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000209051 Saccharum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for late planting, close planting and multi-tillering seed production of healthy sugarcane seedlings, which comprises the following steps: detecting sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and ratoon stunting disease germs by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to be original seedlings, and quickly propagating the original seedlings by tissue culture to obtain a large amount of tissue culture seedlings as seedlings; and completely cutting off the original seedling of the tissue culture seedling when the seedling grows to the late tillering stage. The healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted at night, close planting and transplanting are combined with a reasonable fertilizer and water management technology, tillering is increased, the plant height is reduced, the total bud amount of each ton of sugarcane is greatly increased, the genotype is unchanged, the effect of the sugarcane serving as the seedlings is not influenced, the production cost of the seedlings and the cost of transporting the seedlings in different places are greatly reduced, and the method is simple and high in operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane, in particular to a method for producing seeds by close planting and multi-tillering of healthy sugarcane seedlings at night.
Background
Sugar cane (saccharum. ssp) is the most important sugar crop in China and also the most important energy plant in the world. The rapid popularization and application of the new variety of the sugarcane becomes a new driving force for promoting the sugarcane and sucrose industry in China. However, Sugarcane Mosaic Disease (SMVD) and Raton Stunting Disease (RSD) cause serious damage in the major Sugarcane producing areas in our country, which leads to the degeneration of some varieties in our country, seriously affects the quality and yield of Sugarcane, and brings great loss to the sucrose industry in our country. At present, a great deal of research shows that sugarcane mosaic disease and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease are attacked in almost all varieties in a sugarcane area, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane are seriously influenced, a great amount of sugarcane mosaic disease and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease are accumulated in sugarcane bodies due to the prolonging of planting years, the variety characteristics of the varieties are degraded, and a great amount of excellent varieties are eliminated due to the disease. The best control method at present is to produce healthy seedlings by combining warm water detoxification with tissue culture stem tip detoxification, and popularize and plant healthy sugarcane seedlings.
With the continuous development of the sugarcane industry in China, the demand of healthy sugarcane seedlings is more and more. The conventional method is adopted in the method for producing the healthy sugarcane seedlings in China at present, the planted sugarcane seed stems are similar to commercial sugarcane seeds, the production time from the tissue culture seedlings to the seed stems is generally 1.5-2 years, the production time of the seed stems is long, the cost is high, and the seed bud amount per ton is small.
In the prior art, an authorized Chinese patent ZL 201510171633.3-an efficient seedling culture method for promoting early tillering of sugarcane tissue culture seedlings exists, and although seedling shearing and seedling hardening are mentioned in the method, the seedling hardening is performed after the seedling shearing, and only half to two thirds of leaves are sheared by the seedling shearing; an authorized Chinese patent ZL 201811602845.2-a method for 3-time repeated transplanting and rapid breeding of sugarcane healthy seedling stock seedlings also records the operation of cutting off partial leaf tips of main stems and leaving 2-3 cm leaves; the method for prolonging the harvest time of the sugarcane by repeatedly reseeding the main stem of the healthy seedling of the sugarcane and the authorized Chinese patent ZL 201811647734.3 also records the operation of cutting off partial leaf tips of the main stem and leaving 2-3 cm leaves. The latter two documents describe the same technical points, and the important roles thereof are obvious.
But the applicant researches and discovers that the complete cutting of the original seedlings can achieve a better effect on the later-stage multi-tillering seed production, and is suitable for the production operation of late-planting close planting. Therefore, the existing method is improved, the seedling production and management level is improved, high-quality seedlings are provided for sugarcane farmers, important guarantee is provided for further enhancing the popularization, utilization and popularization of the seedlings, and a feasible and efficient new way is opened up for the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing a large number of healthy sugarcane seedlings at low cost, which greatly improves the tillering rate of the sugarcane, reduces the plant height of the sugarcane, increases the total bud amount of each ton of the sugarcane and greatly saves the land cost and the transportation cost of the sugarcane by a method of late-planting and close-planting.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production method of healthy sugarcane seedlings comprises the following steps: detecting sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and perennial root dwarfing pathogen by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to be original seedlings, and quickly propagating the original seedlings by tissue culture to obtain a large number of tissue culture seedlings as seedlings; and completely cutting off the original seedling of the tissue culture seedling when the seedling grows to the late tillering stage.
Furthermore, after the seedlings grow to the later stage of tillering, the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings are cut off, large-hilling fertilization and application are carried out, and organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer is applied to the large-hilling, or 75kg of compound fertilizer and 20kg of urea are added to the large-hilling.
Further, the invention is that after a large amount of tissue culture seedlings are obtained by fast propagation of the original seed seedlings through tissue culture and are taken as the seed seedlings, the tissue culture seedlings are firstly transplanted into a planting cup and are cultured in a greenhouse or a greenhouse for 2-3 months; before transplanting, the seedling is required to be removed out of a greenhouse for hardening for 25 to 35 days, and the seedling is transplanted to a field in rainy days, wherein the planting distance is 10 to 20 cm; transplanting the whole film of the front cover, sealing the periphery and pressing the planting ditch with the crushed mud blocks, opening holes for planting and protecting the periphery of the seedlings with the crushed mud blocks during transplanting so as to prevent the film from burning the seedlings, timely watering sufficient root fixing water after transplanting, and continuously watering for 3-5 days so as to ensure the survival of the seedlings.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps of fertilizer and water management: after the healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted, sufficient moisture must be guaranteed, 1000 plus 1500 kilograms of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before transplanting, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of a ditch, the fertilizer can be applied for the first time 15 days after transplanting survival, 45 percent, 15-15-15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea can be applied to each mu in a mixed manner, and then the fertilizer is applied to each month once or one and a half months once according to the weather conditions and rainy days.
Further, the method also comprises the step of controlling water before the harvest of the sugarcane seed stems.
Further, the method of the invention also comprises the following steps of land block requirement and arrangement: the method has the advantages that the rotation land with good drainage conditions is selected for the land blocks for seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests such as sugarcane cotton aphids and mealybugs is reduced, and meanwhile, deep ploughing and soil loosening are carried out; before transplanting, deeply plowing by a tractor.
Further, the method of the invention also comprises ditching: the ditching row length is 2.0-4.0m, the row spacing is 20-50cm, the planting groove depth is 10-20cm, deep grooves are formed between every two rows, and irrigation and drainage are facilitated.
Further, the step of cutting off the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and the step of managing the fertilizer and the water medicines comprise a soil disinsection step, namely 5-8 kilograms of pesticide phoxim granules are applied to each mu.
Further, the fertilizer and water pesticide management step also comprises a leaf surface insecticidal step, namely, 50kg of water is added into 50g of prochloraz with the concentration of 70% of imidacloprid and 5g of prochloraz with the concentration of 20% of the prochloraz to spray on sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths to prevent and control sugarcane diseases and insect pests.
Furthermore, the deep plough for land block requirement and arrangement comprises plough layers with the depth of 20-40cm and upturned soil drying time of 7-10 days; before planting, the rotary cultivator carries out rotary tillage once to make soil finely crushed and flat.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has one of the following beneficial effects: 1) the method adopts the method of late planting to transplant the field in 5-7 months per year, which not only accords with the sugarcane planting season, but also can plant other crops in one season in 1-6 months, saves the cost of land, and greatly improves the total bud amount per ton of healthy sugarcane seedlings because the plant height of the late planted sugarcane is about 1.2 m. 2) The method adopts a close planting method, so that the stem diameter of the seedling can be greatly reduced, the weight of the seed stem is greatly reduced, the method is an important measure for reducing the transportation cost and an important step for increasing the total bud weight per ton, the production cost of the seedling is saved on the premise of not influencing the genotype of the seedling, the quality of the seedling is not influenced, the production of finished sugarcane is not influenced, and the budding and seedling formation after the seedling is planted are not influenced. 3) The implementation of the method also needs to combine reasonable management technologies such as fertilizer, water and pesticide, etc., reduce the spread of insect pests and improve the fertilizer and water management of the sugarcane seedlings, so that the sugarcane can finish the growth in the tillering stage and the elongation stage in a short time, and the aim of improving the seed bud amount of the sugarcane can be fulfilled only by a certain amount of sugarcane seed stems.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Example 1:
a sugarcane healthy seedling late-planting close-planting multi-tillering seed production method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of land parcel requirement and arrangement, ditching, transplanting of healthy sugarcane seedlings, cutting off and earthing up of tissue culture seedling stock seedlings, fertilizer-water-drug management and harvesting of sugarcane seed stems; the following were used:
(1) and (3) land block requirement and arrangement: the land for the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is preferably selected to be a crop rotation land with good drainage conditions, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests such as sugarcane cotton aphids, mealybugs and the like can be reduced, and meanwhile, deep ploughing and soil loosening are performed; deeply ploughing by a tractor until the seedlings are transplanted for 5-7 months, wherein the depth of a plough layer is 20-40cm, and drying upturned soil for 7-10 days; before planting, rotary tillage is carried out once through a rotary cultivator, so that soil is finely crushed and leveled;
(2) ditching: the ditching row length is 2.0m, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting groove depth is 10cm, deep grooves are formed among rows, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and seedlings can grow to be 1.0 m;
(3) transplanting the healthy sugarcane seedlings: the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is that sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and perennial root dwarf disease germs detected by PCR are taken as original seedlings, and a large amount of tissue culture seedlings are obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation and taken as seedlings;
Seed stems are manufactured in the field for sale and popularization to farmers for planting finished products of the chewing canes or sugar canes.
Transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a planting cup with the length of 6 multiplied by 6cm in 12-3 months, and culturing in a greenhouse or a greenhouse for 2-3 months; before transplanting, the seedlings are required to be moved out of a greenhouse for hardening for 25-35 days, and the seedlings are transplanted to a field in rainy days, wherein the planting distance is 10-20 cm; transplanting a front cover full film, sealing the periphery and pressing a planting ditch with crushed mud blocks, opening holes for planting and protecting the periphery of the seedlings with the crushed mud blocks during transplanting so as to prevent the film from burning the seedlings, timely watering sufficient root fixing water after transplanting, and continuously watering for 3-5 days so as to ensure the survival of the seedlings;
(4) cutting off the stock seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and earthing up: completely cutting off the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings when the seedlings grow to the later tillering stage, and applying large-ridging fertilizer, wherein 25 kg/mu of organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer or 75kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea are applied to the large-ridging soil, and 5kg of pesticide phoxim granules are applied at the same time;
(5) fertilizer and water medicine management: after the healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted, sufficient water must be guaranteed, 1000 kilograms of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before transplanting, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of a ditch, the fertilizer can be applied for the first time 15 days after transplanting survival, 45% (15-15-15) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30kg and urea 10kg can be applied to each mu in a mixed mode, and then the fertilizer can be applied to each month in rainy days according to weather conditions and can be applied once every month or every half month. 8 kilograms of pesticide phoxim granules are applied to each mu of soil for killing insects. For foliar insect killing, 5g of 70% imidacloprid and 50g of 20% prochloraz are added with 50kg of water to be sprayed on sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths to prevent and control sugarcane diseases and insect pests;
(6) Harvesting of seed stems of sugarcane: before the healthy sugarcane seedlings are harvested, water is properly controlled to facilitate harvesting, transportation and storage of cut and harvested seed stems are facilitated, and the situation that the quality of the seedlings is affected due to excessive rotting and deterioration of the moisture of the seedlings is prevented.
Example 2:
a sugarcane healthy seedling late-planting close-planting multi-tillering seed production method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of land parcel requirement and arrangement, ditching, transplanting of healthy sugarcane seedlings, cutting off and earthing up of tissue culture seedling stock seedlings, fertilizer-water-drug management and harvesting of sugarcane seed stems; the following were used:
(1) and (3) land block requirement and arrangement: the land for the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is preferably selected to be a crop rotation land with good drainage conditions, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests such as sugarcane cotton aphids, mealybugs and the like can be reduced, and meanwhile, deep ploughing and soil loosening are performed; deeply ploughing by a tractor until the seedlings are transplanted for 5-7 months, wherein the depth of a plough layer is 20-40cm, and drying upturned soil for 7-10 days; before planting, rotary tillage is carried out once through a rotary cultivator, so that soil is finely crushed and leveled;
(2) ditching: the ditching row length is 4.0m, the row spacing is 50cm, the planting groove depth is 20cm, deep grooves are formed among rows, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and seedlings can grow to be 1.4 m;
(3) transplanting the healthy sugarcane seedlings: the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is that sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and perennial root dwarf disease germs detected by PCR are taken as original seedlings, and a large amount of tissue culture seedlings are obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation and taken as seedlings;
Seed stems are manufactured in the field for sale and popularization to farmers for planting finished products of the chewing canes or sugar canes.
Transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a planting cup of 6 multiplied by 6cm in 12-3 months, and culturing in a greenhouse or a shed for 2-3 months; before transplanting, the seedlings are required to be moved out of a greenhouse for hardening for 25-35 days, and the seedlings are transplanted to a field in rainy days, wherein the planting distance is 10-20 cm; transplanting a front cover full film, sealing the periphery and pressing a planting ditch with crushed mud blocks, opening holes for planting and protecting the periphery of the seedlings with the crushed mud blocks during transplanting so as to prevent the film from burning the seedlings, timely watering sufficient root fixing water after transplanting, and continuously watering for 3-5 days so as to ensure the survival of the seedlings;
(4) cutting off the stock seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and earthing up: completely cutting off the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings when the seedlings grow to the later tillering stage, and applying large-ridging fertilizer, wherein 25 kg/mu of organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer or 75kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea are applied to the large-ridging soil, and 8 kg of pesticide phoxim granules are applied at the same time;
(5) fertilizer and water medicine management: after the healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted, sufficient water must be guaranteed, 1500 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before transplanting, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of a ditch, the fertilizer can be applied for the first time 15 days after transplanting survival, 30kg of 45% (15-15-15) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea can be applied to each mu in a mixed mode, and then the fertilizer can be applied to the seedlings in rainy days according to weather conditions every month and can be applied once every month or every half month. 8 kilograms of pesticide phoxim granules are applied to each mu of soil for killing insects. For foliar insect killing, 5g of 70% imidacloprid and 50g of 20% prochloraz are added with 50kg of water to be sprayed on sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths to prevent and control sugarcane diseases and insect pests;
(6) Harvesting of seed stems of sugarcane: before the healthy sugarcane seedlings are harvested, water is properly controlled to facilitate harvesting, transportation and storage of cut and harvested seed stems are facilitated, and the influence on the quality of the seedlings caused by excessive rotting and deterioration of the seedlings due to excessive moisture is prevented.
Example 3:
a sugarcane healthy seedling late-planting close-planting multi-tillering seed production method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of land parcel requirement and arrangement, ditching, transplanting of healthy sugarcane seedlings, cutting off and earthing up of tissue culture seedling stock seedlings, fertilizer-water-drug management and harvesting of sugarcane seed stems; the following:
(1) and (3) land block requirement and arrangement: the land for the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is preferably selected to be a crop rotation land with good drainage conditions, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests such as sugarcane cotton aphids, mealybugs and the like can be reduced, and meanwhile, deep ploughing and soil loosening are performed; deeply ploughing by a tractor until the seedlings are transplanted for 5-7 months, wherein the depth of a plough layer is 20-40cm, and drying upturned soil for 7-10 days; before planting, rotary tillage is carried out once through a rotary cultivator, so that soil is finely crushed and leveled;
(2) ditching: the ditching row length is 3.0m, the row spacing is 35cm, the planting groove depth is 15cm, deep grooves are formed among rows, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and seedlings can grow to 1.2 m;
(3) transplanting the healthy sugarcane seedlings: the seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings is that sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and perennial root dwarf disease germs detected by PCR are taken as original seedlings, and a large amount of tissue culture seedlings are obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation and taken as seedlings;
Seed stems are manufactured in the field for sale and popularization to farmers for planting finished products of the chewing canes or sugar canes.
Transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a planting cup with the length of 6 multiplied by 6cm in 12-3 months, and culturing in a greenhouse or a greenhouse for 2-3 months; before transplanting, the seedling is required to be removed out of a greenhouse for hardening for 25 to 35 days, and the seedling is transplanted to a field in rainy days, wherein the planting distance is 10 to 20 cm; covering the whole film before transplanting, sealing the periphery and pressing the planting ditch with crushed mud blocks, opening a hole during transplanting, planting and protecting the periphery of the seedling with the crushed mud blocks so as to prevent the film from burning the seedling, timely watering sufficient root fixing water after transplanting, and continuously watering for 3-5 days to ensure the survival of the seedling;
(4) shearing off the stock seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and earthing up: completely cutting off the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings when the seedlings grow to the later tillering stage, and applying large-ridging fertilizer, wherein 25 kg/mu of organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer or 75kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of urea are applied to the large-ridging soil, and 5kg of pesticide phoxim granules are applied at the same time;
(5) fertilizer and water medicine management: after the healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted, sufficient water must be guaranteed, 1200 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before transplanting, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of a ditch, the fertilizer can be applied for the first time 15 days after transplanting survival, 30kg of 45% (15-15-15) potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea can be applied to each mu in a mixed mode, and then the fertilizer can be applied to each month in rainy days according to weather conditions and can be applied once per month or one month and a month. 5 kilograms of pesticide phoxim granules are applied to each mu of soil pesticide. For foliar insect killing, 5g of 70% imidacloprid and 50g of 20% prochloraz are added with 50kg of water to be sprayed on sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths to prevent and control sugarcane diseases and insect pests;
(6) Harvesting of seed stems of sugarcane: before the healthy sugarcane seedlings are harvested, water is properly controlled to facilitate harvesting, transportation and storage of cut and harvested seed stems are facilitated, and the influence on the quality of the seedlings caused by excessive rotting and deterioration of the seedlings due to excessive moisture is prevented.
The above description is only a part of the specific embodiments of the present invention (since the present invention includes the numerical range, the embodiments are not exhaustive, the protection scope of the present invention includes the numerical range and other technical essential ranges), and the detailed contents or common general knowledge known in the schemes are not described too much. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation for those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A sugarcane healthy seedling late-planting close-planting multi-tillering seed production method is characterized by comprising the following steps: detecting sugarcane seedlings without sugarcane mosaic disease and ratoon stunting disease germs by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to be original seedlings, and quickly propagating the original seedlings by tissue culture to obtain a large amount of tissue culture seedlings as seedlings; and completely cutting off the tissue culture seedling stock seedling when the seedling grows to the tillering later stage.
2. The method for the late planting and close planting of the multi-tillering seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that after the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings are cut off at the late stage of the seedling growth to tillering, the application of the large-ridging fertilizer is carried out, and the application of the organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer to the large-ridging soil is 25 kg/mu or the application of the compound fertilizer is 75kg and the addition of urea is 20 kg/mu.
3. The method for producing the sugarcane healthy seedlings by the thick planting and multi-tillering late planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that after a great amount of tissue culture seedlings are obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation of the original seedlings as the seedlings, the tissue culture seedlings are firstly transplanted into a planting cup and cultured in a greenhouse or a plastic tent for 2-3 months; before transplanting, the seedling is required to be removed out of a greenhouse for hardening for 25 to 35 days, and the seedling is transplanted to a field in rainy days, wherein the planting distance is 10 to 20 cm; the whole film is covered before transplanting, the periphery and the planting ditch are sealed by the crushed mud blocks, holes are formed during transplanting for planting, the periphery of the seedlings is protected by the crushed mud blocks so as to prevent the film from burning the seedlings, sufficient root fixing water is timely poured after transplanting, and continuous watering is carried out for 3-5 days so as to ensure the survival of the seedlings.
4. The method for producing seeds of sugarcane healthy seedlings by close planting and multi-tillering at night as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the steps of fertilizer and water management: after the healthy sugarcane seedlings are planted, sufficient moisture must be guaranteed, 1000 plus 1500 kilograms of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before transplanting, the organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of a ditch, the fertilizer can be applied for the first time 15 days after transplanting survival, 45 percent, 15-15-15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea can be applied to each mu in a mixed manner, and then the fertilizer is applied to each month once or one and a half months once according to the weather conditions and rainy days.
5. The method for producing seeds of sugarcane healthy seedlings by close planting and multi-tillering at night as claimed in claim 1, further comprising controlling water before harvesting the sugarcane seed stems.
6. The method for producing seeds of sugarcane healthy seedlings by close planting and multi-tillering in late planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages that the rotation land with good drainage conditions is selected for the land blocks for seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of cotton aphids and mealybugs of the sugarcanes is reduced, and meanwhile, deep ploughing and soil loosening are carried out; before transplanting, deeply plowing by a tractor.
7. The late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production method of healthy sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising ditching: the ditching row length is 2.0-4.0m, the row spacing is 20-50cm, the planting groove depth is 10-20cm, deep grooves are formed between every two rows, and irrigation and drainage are facilitated.
8. The method for producing the seeds of the sugarcane healthy seedlings by close planting and multi-tillering at night as claimed in claim 4, wherein the steps of cutting off the original seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and managing the fertilizer and the water pesticide comprise a soil disinsection step, namely 5-8 kg of pesticide phoxim granules are applied to each mu.
9. The method for late planting, close planting and multi-tillering seed production of healthy sugarcane seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and water pesticide management step further comprises a leaf surface pest killing step, namely, 70% imidacloprid 5g + 20% prochloraz 50g and water 50kg are sprayed on sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths to prevent and control sugarcane pests and diseases.
10. The method for the late planting close planting multi-tillering seed production of the healthy sugarcane seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the deep plough for the requirement and arrangement of the plot comprises a plough layer with a depth of 20-40cm and a upturned soil drying period of 7-10 days; before planting, the rotary cultivator carries out rotary tillage once to make soil finely crushed and flat.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113439559A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-09-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for directly producing raw sugarcane by using sugarcane tissue culture seedlings |
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