CN114597619B - Broadband isolator based on negative group delay network - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/36—Isolators
- H01P1/365—Resonance absorption isolators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which comprises a nonreciprocal phase shifter, a directional coupler, a negative group delay circuit structure and two sections of transmission lines. The negative group delay circuit structure consists of six sections of microstrip lines, two sections of coupling lines and four resistors. In forward conduction, the coupler only couples a small portion of the energy to the upper loop, so the interaction of the incident wave and the active device is negligible, and the isolator has low loss and high linearity. The invention makes the total group delay of the loop be zero in a wider frequency band near the center frequency by connecting the negative group delay network in series in the path and counteracting the group delay of other circuits in the path so as to widen the isolation bandwidth of the isolator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nonreciprocal devices, and relates to a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which can be applied to the modern microwave and optical fields such as communication, radar, sensor network and the like.
Background
With the advent of the 5G communication age, the components of the communication system will further develop toward miniaturization and low power consumption, and thus the demands for the integration level of the devices are higher. There is thus also a growing interest in the study of non-magnetic non-reciprocal devices such as isolators, circulators, etc. The nonreciprocal device plays a vital role in the application of modern microwave and optical fields including communication, radar, sensor networks and the like. They can double the network capacity of the physical layer while providing many other advantages at the network layer including communications, radar and sensor networks, such as the ability to protect the active source from circuit reflected power and enable in-band all-two-way communications to function properly while functioning as decoupling and isolation.
The application of the isolator solves a series of practical problems such as inter-stage isolation, impedance and sharing of the radar system, greatly improves the performance of the radar system, and is a key device in the system. Therefore, the required isolator has the characteristics of small insertion loss, high isolation, wide working frequency band, high power resistance, good temperature characteristic and the like.
There are many ways to realize the nonreciprocal device, and the conventional isolator usually adopts ferrite material and magnetic field bias to realize the nonreciprocal transmission characteristic, however, because the preparation process of the ferrite material is difficult to be compatible with the conventional integrated circuit process, the nonreciprocal device usually appears in a communication system as a discrete element, which limits the miniaturization of the whole system to a certain extent. Therefore, there is a need to study the non-magnetization design scheme of the non-reciprocal device, and compared with the traditional ferrite isolator and circulator, the active non-reciprocal device has the advantages of more compact structure, smaller volume, lower cost and compatibility with the modern integrated circuit technology. However, the active isolator realized by the transistor has the problems of small power bearing capacity, small dynamic range and the like.
Document 1(Wang Y,Chen W,Chen X.Highly Linear and Magnetless Isolator Based on Weakly Coupled Nonreciprocal Metamaterials[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory andTechniques,2019,67(11):4322-4331.) implements an active isolator by loading the directional coupler with a nonreciprocal phase shifter, which couples only a small portion of the energy to the upper loop circuit during forward conduction, so that the interaction of the incident wave with the active device is negligible, and the isolator exhibits high power capacity and high linearity. But the bandwidth of the isolator is extremely narrow, the center frequency of the isolator is designed to be 1.81GHz, the isolation of only one frequency point of the single isolator is 10.3dB, the 20dB bandwidth after three-stage cascading is still only 13MHz, and the relative bandwidth is only 0.7%.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network comprises a nonreciprocal phase shifter, a transmission line 1, a coupling directional coupler, a transmission line 2 and a negative group delay circuit structure which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an isolation end of the coupling directional coupler is connected with the transmission line 1, and a coupling end is connected with the transmission line 2.
Preferably, the nonreciprocal phase shifter comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C 1, a radio frequency choke C 2, a radio frequency choke L 1, a radio frequency choke V B, A radio frequency choke V ce, a large resistor R 5, and four resistors R 1、R2、R3、R4. One end of the resistor R 1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 1 and one end of the resistor R 2, and the other end of the resistor R 1 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 2 is connected with the input end; One end of the resistor R 3 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 2 and one end of the resistor R 4, and the other end of the resistor R 3 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 4 is connected with the output end; One end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode BJT and the other end of the capacitor C 1, and the other end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the direct current power supply V B; the other end of the capacitor C 2 is connected with one end of the inductor L 1 and the collector electrode of the triode BJT; The other end of the inductor L 1 is connected with the direct-current voltage V ce; the emitter of the transistor BJT is grounded.
Preferably, the directional coupler is realized by a structure that four sections of microstrip lines T A1、TB1、TA2、TB2 are connected in sequence, wherein the impedance of the microstrip lines T A1、TA2 is the same, and the impedance of the microstrip lines T B1、TB2 is the same.
Preferably, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is adjusted so as to obtain the coupling degree and the isolation degree of the required directional coupler.
Preferably, the negative group delay circuit structure comprises six sections of microstrip lines T 1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6, two sections of coupling lines CL 1、CL2 and four series resistors R A、RB、Ra、Rb, one end of the microstrip line T 1 and one end of the microstrip line T 2, One end of the resistor R a is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 6 and the other end is connected with the input end; The other end of the microstrip line is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 3 and one end of the resistor R A; the other end of the microstrip line T 3 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 4 and one end of the resistor R B; The other end of the microstrip line T 4 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 5 and one end of the resistor R b; the other end of the microstrip line T 5 is connected with the other end and the output end of the microstrip line T 6; The other end of the resistor R a is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 1, a port of the coupling line CL 1 connected with the resistor R a is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; the other end of the resistor R b is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 2, a port of the coupling line CL 2 connected with the resistor R b is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; The other end of the resistor R A is grounded; the other end of the resistor R B is grounded.
Preferably, the microstrip lines T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6 are equal in electrical length, the microstrip line T 3 is three times as long as the microstrip line T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6, the coupling line CL 1、CL2 is different in odd-even mode impedance but equal in electrical length to the microstrip line T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6.
Preferably, the impedance matching is satisfied at both ends of the series line formed by the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, the transmission line 2, and both ends of the series line connection formed by the directional coupler and the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure, and the transmission line 2.
Preferably, the sum of the phases of the transmission paths formed by the transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the nonreciprocal phase shifter, the transmission line 1 and the directional coupler is an integer multiple of 2pi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the directional coupler can ensure that waves almost propagate from the port 2 to the port 1 along the transmission line without interaction with a field effect tube and the like, so that high linearity and low loss are obtained; when propagating from the port 1 to the port 2, the wave resonates in the upper loop microwave resonant cavity, energy is effectively absorbed, and the isolator shows high isolation performance;
2. according to the invention, the negative group delay network is loaded, so that the group delay of the total phase of the loop at the central frequency is reduced, the circuit meets the requirement that the total phase is zero in the frequency band as wide as possible, and the bandwidth of the isolator is further widened;
3. The invention adopts a structure that four sections of microstrip lines are connected to realize the coupler structure, thereby avoiding the situation that the coupling lines are directly adopted and cannot be processed due to too narrow space between the two lines, having lower requirements on processing precision and improving structural stability.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram structure for realizing an isolator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic exploded view of an implementation of the isolator.
FIG. 3 shows a negative group delay circuit structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a coupler circuit structure used in the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a phase shifter circuit structure used in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an overall circuit configuration of an isolator implemented in an example.
FIG. 7 shows the S parameter obtained by the circuit structure joint layout simulation of the invention.
Detailed Description
It is easy to understand that various embodiments of the present application can be envisioned by those of ordinary skill in the art without altering the true spirit of the present application in light of the present teachings. Accordingly, the following detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the application and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit or restrict the application. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete by those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, which form a part of the present application and are used in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application to illustrate the innovative concepts of the present application.
The invention is conceived as a broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network, which comprises a nonreciprocal phase shifter (1), a transmission line (4), a coupling directional coupler (2), a transmission line (2) and a negative group delay circuit structure (3) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an isolation end of the coupling directional coupler (2) is connected with the transmission line (1) 4, and a coupling end is connected with the transmission line (2) 5).
In a further embodiment, the nonreciprocal phase shifter (1) comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C 1, a radio frequency choke C 2, a radio frequency choke L 1, a radio frequency choke V B, A radio frequency choke V ce, a large resistor R 5, and four resistors R 1、R2、R3、R4. One end of the resistor R 1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 1 and one end of the resistor R 2, and the other end of the resistor R 1 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 2 is connected with the input end; One end of the resistor R 3 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 2 and one end of the resistor R 4, and the other end of the resistor R 3 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 4 is connected with the output end; One end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode BJT and the other end of the capacitor C 1, and the other end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the direct current power supply V B; the other end of the capacitor C 2 is connected with one end of the inductor L 1 and the collector electrode of the triode BJT; The other end of the inductor L 1 is connected with the direct-current voltage V ce; the emitter of the transistor BJT is grounded.
In a further embodiment, the directional coupler (3) is implemented by a structure that four sections of microstrip lines T A1、TB1、TA2、TB2 are sequentially connected, wherein the impedance of T A1、TA2 is the same and the impedance of T B1、TB2 is the same. Because the circuit structure is symmetrical, if the intersection point of the microstrip lines T B1、TA2 is selected as the output end, the intersection point of the microstrip lines T A2、TB2 is the through end of the coupler, the intersection point of the microstrip lines T A1、TB2 is the coupling end of the coupler, and the intersection point of the microstrip lines T A1、TB1 is the isolation section of the coupler. The coupling degree and the isolation degree of the required directional coupler are further obtained by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line. The coupler has lower requirements on processing precision and higher stability.
In a further embodiment, the negative group delay circuit structure (2) includes six sections of microstrip lines T 1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6, two sections of coupling lines CL 1、CL2, and four series resistors R A、RB、Ra、Rb. The electrical lengths of the microstrip lines T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6 and T 4 are three times the electrical lengths of the first five sections of microstrip lines, and the coupling line CL 1、CL2 has different odd-even mode impedance but the electrical lengths are equal to the first five sections of microstrip lines. One end of the microstrip line T 1 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 2 and one end of the resistor R a, and the other end of the microstrip line T 6 and the input end are connected; The other end of the microstrip line is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 3 and one end of the resistor R A; the other end of the microstrip line T 3 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 4 and one end of the resistor R B; The other end of the microstrip line T 4 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 5 and one end of the resistor R b; the other end of the microstrip line T 5 is connected with the other end and the output end of the microstrip line T 6; The other end of the resistor R a is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 1, a port of the coupling line CL 1 connected with the resistor R a is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; the other end of the resistor R b is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 2, a port of the coupling line CL 2 connected with the resistor R b is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; The other end of the resistor R A is grounded; the other end of the resistor R B is grounded.
The invention adopts a nonreciprocal phase shifter, a directional coupler, a negative group delay network circuit and two sections of transmission lines to realize series connection. The negative group delay circuit and the group delay of other circuits in the path are offset, so that the total group delay of the loop is zero in a wider frequency band near the center frequency, and the bandwidth of the loop is further expanded.
As the wave propagates from port 2 to port 1, the directional coupler couples only a small number of signals to the upper loop circuit containing the negative group delay network and the nonreciprocal phase shifter, ensuring that the wave propagates almost along the transmission line without interacting with the field effect transistor or the like, achieving high linearity and low loss. When waves propagate in the opposite direction, namely the port 1 propagates to the port 2, the waves resonate in the upper loop, energy is effectively absorbed, the negative group delay circuit and group delay of other circuits in the path are offset, the total group delay of the loop is zero in a wider frequency band near the center frequency, and the circuit shows high isolation degree and wide isolation bandwidth.
To better illustrate the principle of operation of the isolator, the circuit is broken down into upper and lower parts, as shown in fig. 2. The upper part circuit comprises a transmission line 1, a transmission line 2, a nonreciprocal phase shifter and a negative group delay circuit structure, and is a two-port network, wherein two ports are a port 5 and a port 6; the lower part of the circuit comprises a directional coupler which is a four-port network, and four ports are port 1, port 2, port 3 and port 4. In order for the isolator to achieve greater isolation, the loop needs to have a transmission zero, which requires that port 5, port 6 and port 3, port 4 meet impedance matching, and that the phase sum of the entire transmission path (from port 5 through transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the nonreciprocal phase shifter, transmission line 1 to port 6, and from port 4 to the resultant directional coupler to port 3) be an integer multiple of 2 pi.
The more frequency points near the center frequency of the loop phase sum satisfy the phase sum being an integer multiple of 2pi, i.e., the smaller the absolute value of the slope near the zero point, the greater the isolation bandwidth of the resulting isolator.
Example 1
The invention adopts a PCB process, as shown in fig. 1, and is a schematic diagram structure for realizing an isolator, wherein a negative group delay circuit structure is shown in fig. 2, and a directional coupler circuit structure is shown in fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a general circuit configuration of the isolator of the present invention. The design of the invention utilizes simulation software ADS, draws a layout on the basis of considering electromagnetic interference, a bonding pad required by a device and actual layout, carries out electromagnetic simulation on all microstrip lines in the invention, generates Symbol and brings the Symbol into a schematic diagram for joint simulation.
The microstrip line in the invention adopts 4003 technology, wherein the dielectric constant epsilon r =3.55, and the thickness H=0.508 mm of the dielectric plate. BFP840FESD triode is selected as triode, and simulation is carried out by using a device library provided by a official network.
The dimensions of the microstrip line used at both ends: the microstrip line T 7 has a width W 7 =0.8 mm and a length L 7 =1.6 mm; the microstrip line T 8 has a width W 8 =0.7 mm and a length L 8 =0.2 mm.
Microstrip line size adopted by negative group delay circuit structure part: the microstrip line T 1 has a width W 1 =2.05 mm and a length L 1 =46 mm; the microstrip line T 2 has a width W 2 =2.05 mm and a length L 2 =46 mm; The microstrip line T 3 has a width W 3 =1 mm and a length L 3 =139.6mm; the microstrip line T 4 has a width W 4 =2.12 mm and a length L 4 =44.5 mm; the microstrip line T 5 has a width W 5 =2.12 mm and a length L 5 =44.5 mm; the microstrip line T 6 has a width W 6 =1.07 mm and a length L 6 =44.5 mm; The negative group delay circuit structure adopts the coupled line with the CL width of W=1 mm, the length of L=46 mm and the spacing of S=0.2 mm.
Microstrip line dimensions employed in the directional coupler section: the microstrip line T a has a width W a =2.3 mm and a length L a =46.3 mm; the microstrip line T b has a width W b =0.45 mm and a length L b =43.6 mm.
The resistance and the impedance of the selected resistor are respectively ：R1＝10Ω,R2＝85Ω,R3＝230Ω,R4＝10Ω,R5＝7500Ω,R6＝265Ω,R7＝278Ω,R8＝65Ω,R9＝50Ω.
The capacitance values of the selected capacitors are respectively as follows: c 1＝9pF,C2 =0.8 pF. The inductance value selected is: l 1 =22 nH.
The voltage applied to the triode is as follows: v b＝1V,Vce = 2V.
As shown in FIG. 5, the S parameter simulation result of the isolator designed by the invention shows that the 20dB isolation bandwidth is 43MHz (941 MHz-984 MHz), and the relative isolation bandwidth is 4.47%. At frequencies 950MHZ and 976MHZ, there are two isolation peaks, 41.464dB and 51.237dB, respectively.
In summary, the broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network has the advantages of wide isolation bandwidth, large power carrying capacity, simple structure, easy processing and easy realization of circuit integration and system encapsulation.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
It should be appreciated that in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes described in the context of a single embodiment or with reference to a single figure in order to streamline the invention and aid those skilled in the art in understanding the various aspects of the invention. The present invention should not be construed as including the features of the exemplary embodiments that are essential to the patent claims.
It should be understood that modules, units, components, etc. included in the apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention may be adaptively changed to arrange them in an apparatus different from the embodiment. The different modules, units or components comprised by the apparatus of the embodiments may be combined into one module, unit or component or they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules, sub-units or sub-components.
Claims (7)
1. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network is characterized by comprising a nonreciprocal phase shifter (1), a transmission line 1 (4), a directional coupler (3), a transmission line 2 (5) and a negative group delay circuit structure (2) which are sequentially connected in series, wherein an isolation end of the directional coupler (3) is connected with the transmission line 1 (4), and a coupling end is connected with the transmission line 2 (5); the negative group delay circuit structure (2) comprises six sections of microstrip lines T 1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6, two sections of coupling lines CL 1、CL2 and four series resistors R A、RB、Ra、Rb, wherein one end of the microstrip line T 1 and one end of the microstrip line T 2, One end of the resistor R a is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 6 and the other end is connected with the input end; The other end of the microstrip line is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 3 and one end of the resistor R A; the other end of the microstrip line T 3 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 4 and one end of the resistor R B; The other end of the microstrip line T 4 is connected with one end of the microstrip line T 5 and one end of the resistor R b; the other end of the microstrip line T 5 is connected with the other end and the output end of the microstrip line T 6; The other end of the resistor R a is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 1, a port of the coupling line CL 1 connected with the resistor R a is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; the other end of the resistor R b is connected with one end of the coupling line CL 2, a port of the coupling line CL 2 connected with the resistor R b is selected as an input end, The isolation end and the through end of the coupler are grounded, and the coupling end is opened; The other end of the resistor R A is grounded; the other end of the resistor R B is grounded.
2. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network according to claim 1, wherein the nonreciprocal phase shifter (1) comprises a triode BJT, a radio frequency choke C 1, a radio frequency choke C 2, a radio frequency choke L 1, A radio frequency choke V B, a radio frequency choke V ce, a large resistor R 5, and four resistors R 1、R2、R3、R4; One end of the resistor R 1 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 1 and one end of the resistor R 2, and the other end of the resistor R 1 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 2 is connected with the input end; One end of the resistor R 3 is connected with one end of the capacitor C 2 and one end of the resistor R 4, and the other end of the resistor R 3 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R 4 is connected with the output end; One end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode BJT and the other end of the capacitor C 1, and the other end of the resistor R 5 is connected with the direct current power supply V B; the other end of the capacitor C 2 is connected with one end of the inductor L 1 and the collector electrode of the triode BJT; The other end of the inductor L 1 is connected with the direct-current voltage V ce; the emitter of the transistor BJT is grounded.
3. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network according to claim 1, wherein the directional coupler (3) is realized by a structure that four sections of microstrip lines T A1、TB1、TA2、TB2 are sequentially connected, wherein the microstrip lines T A1、TA2 have the same impedance, and the microstrip lines T B1、TB2 have the same impedance.
4. A broadband isolator based on a negative group delay network according to claim 3, wherein the coupling degree and the isolation degree of the required directional coupler are obtained by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line.
5. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip lines T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6 have an equal electrical length, the microstrip line T 3 has an electrical length three times the electrical length of the microstrip line T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6, and the coupling line CL 1、CL2 has a different odd-even mode impedance but has an electrical length equal to the microstrip line T 1、T2、T4、T5、T6.
6. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network according to claim 1, wherein the two ends of the series line formed by the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure and the transmission line 2 and the two ends of the series line formed by the directional coupler and the transmission line 1, the nonreciprocal phase shifter and the negative group delay circuit structure and the transmission line 2 satisfy impedance matching.
7. The broadband isolator based on the negative group delay network according to claim 1, wherein the sum of phases of transmission paths formed by the transmission line 2, the negative group delay network, the nonreciprocal phase shifter, the transmission line 1 and the directional coupler is an integer multiple of 2Ω.
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| CN112736458A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-element array broadband decoupling network |
| CN113611999B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-07-08 | 大连海事大学 | Broadband microwave circuit with low insertion loss and flat negative group delay characteristics |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20150126493A (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-12 | 세원텔레텍 주식회사 | Negative Group Delay Filters |
| CN110797612A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-14 | 大连海事大学 | Self-equalization linear phase filter based on negative group time delay admittance converter |
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| CN114597619A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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