CN114559057B - Composite device and method for improving fatigue performance of additive manufacturing metal component - Google Patents
Composite device and method for improving fatigue performance of additive manufacturing metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN114559057B CN114559057B CN202210099202.0A CN202210099202A CN114559057B CN 114559057 B CN114559057 B CN 114559057B CN 202210099202 A CN202210099202 A CN 202210099202A CN 114559057 B CN114559057 B CN 114559057B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 181
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
- C23F3/04—Heavy metals
- C23F3/06—Heavy metals with acidic solutions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a compound device and a method for improving fatigue performance of an additive manufactured metal component, the method comprises the steps of high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation, wherein the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot blasting process is to polish the additive manufactured metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure, and meanwhile, the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot circulation is to shot the additive manufactured metal component; the device comprises polishing shot blasting compound equipment and a chemical abrasive flow conveying device, wherein the polishing shot blasting compound equipment comprises a shell, an objective table, a sliding block, a control mechanism, shots and a nozzle. The polishing and the shot blasting treatment are effectively combined, the polishing and the shot blasting are completed in the same equipment, and the polishing is performed at the same time when the shot blasting is performed, so that the method can achieve a fine polishing effect and introduce residual compressive stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of metal additive manufacturing, material surface treatment and modification, and relates to a composite device and a method for improving fatigue performance of a metal component in additive manufacturing.
Background
Additive manufacturing of metal components is widely used in aerospace, biomedical and other fields. Although the static mechanical properties of the additive manufactured components can be compared with castings and compare favorably with forgings, the fatigue properties still have a large gap. Since fatigue cracks generally develop from the surface of a part, surface treatment is one of the post-treatment methods to improve the fatigue strength of an additive manufactured component.
Insufficient surface quality of an additive manufactured as-prepared sample can be considered a major disadvantage, and is typically performed by pre-treatment to reduce surface roughness prior to subsequent treatment. Surface finishing by machining and polishing is the most commonly used surface finishing process, but is not applicable to parts with complex geometries. The laser polishing is a quick, efficient and accurate surface treatment method, but can introduce residual stress, and a secondary stress relief process is needed to achieve a better effect. Studies have shown that chemical abrasive flow polishing, which is obtained by combining chemical fluid polishing and abrasive fluid polishing, can effectively remove unmelted powder adhering to the surface of an SLM-prepared IN625 alloy molded article, and compared with a single process, the surface roughness of a sample is reduced by two times after the use of a composite process (i.e., chemical abrasive flow polishing), and the polishing time is reduced by 2/3, so that the chemical abrasive flow polishing is an effective method for improving the surface quality of a metal member without introducing residual stress detrimental to fatigue properties, but the fatigue properties of the metal member cannot be improved more effectively by simply reducing the surface roughness.
The shot peening method can introduce a work hardening layer and residual compressive stress, thereby suppressing crack initiation and propagation. The principle is that plastic deformation is generated on the surface of a metal component, so that the surface roughness, residual stress, hardness, yield strength, microstructure and the like of the material are affected. Although increasing the power or number of shots may introduce more residual compressive stress and thereby significantly improve fatigue life, the surface roughness value may also be increased and adversely affect fatigue life. This approach may have limitations on components with low surface roughness requirements such as blades, blisks, etc. In order to solve the problem, in the prior art, if the member after shot peening is polished, the surface roughness of the material can be reduced, but this cannot completely remove some subsurface defects existing in the member without greatly affecting the precision of the additively manufactured metal member, and there are problems such as efficiency and long processing time.
Therefore, extensive research is also required on how to introduce residual compressive stress while reducing the surface roughness of additively manufactured metal components to further increase the fatigue life of additively manufactured metal components, accelerating their engineering applications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a composite device and a method for improving fatigue performance of an additive manufacturing metal component. The method is a step-by-step treatment method, can realize a fine polishing effect, introduces higher residual compressive stress, and greatly improves the fatigue performance of the additive manufactured metal member; the device can realize polishing and shot blasting in the same equipment, and polishing is carried out at the same time of shot blasting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite method for improving fatigue performance of an additive manufactured metal member comprises the step of shot blasting by high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot circulation, wherein the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot blasting is used for polishing (namely chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment) the additive manufactured metal member by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure, and meanwhile, the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot circulation is used for shot blasting (namely shot blasting strengthening treatment) the additive manufactured metal member by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure, and the high-pressure is 8-15 MPa.
The shot peening strengthening treatment can introduce a work hardening layer and residual compressive stress, so that crack initiation and propagation are inhibited, and the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment can obtain better polishing effect and reduce polishing time; in the prior art, when the surface of a smooth metal component is subjected to shot peening, if larger residual compressive stress is required to be introduced to obtain a better shot peening effect, the surface roughness is inevitably increased; although it can be completely removed by performing the polishing treatment after the shot peening treatment, there is a large influence on the precision of the member. The invention can raise the limit of the introduced residual compressive stress and ensure the smoothness of the surface of the member on the premise of ensuring the appearance precision of the metal member manufactured by the additive in the preparation state, thereby better reducing the subsurface defects of the metal member and improving the fatigue performance.
The principle that the appearance precision of the manufactured metal component can be ensured by polishing while shot blasting is as follows:
the additive manufacturing component forms a residual compressive stress layer and a grain refinement layer with certain thickness in the shot blasting process, so that the fatigue performance of the component can be improved, meanwhile, the surface roughness is increased, a subsurface defect layer is formed, and the surface appearance accuracy is reduced. However, the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment performed simultaneously in the shot peening treatment process can reduce the surface roughness of the component and reduce the number of subsurface defects, thereby achieving the effect of improving the dimensional accuracy of the component. In addition, the polishing can obtain better polishing effect and reduce polishing time compared with the polishing after shot blasting, and the dimensional accuracy can be further improved, because the polishing after shot blasting reduces the number of subsurface defects on one hand, and the processing time is too long on the other hand, so that corrosion of the surface of the component can be caused, and the surface accuracy of the component is affected.
As a preferable technical scheme:
according to the compounding method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component, the time for accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation by high-pressure chemical abrasive jet is 15-30 min; the material of the projectile is stainless steel, the number of the projectile is 100-450, and the diameter of the projectile is 3-5 mm.
A composite method of improving fatigue performance of an additively manufactured metal component as described above, further comprising the step of polishing the metal component prior to the step of high pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot peening of the shot circulation; after the step is finished, the surface roughness of the additive manufacturing metal component is reduced by about 55%, the smooth surface is more favorable for shot peening strengthening treatment, better strengthening effect is obtained, and the surface roughness of the part is reduced before the shot peening strengthening treatment, so the polishing treatment is carried out before the shot peening strengthening treatment.
A composite method for improving fatigue performance of an additively manufactured metal component as described above, wherein the polishing process performed before the step of high pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation is divided into two stages; the first stage is polishing of low-pressure jet flow acceleration shot circulation, namely polishing of the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by low pressure, and polishing of the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow acceleration shot circulation generated by low pressure, wherein the pressure of the low pressure is 3-6 MPa; the second stage is chemical abrasive jet polishing, namely polishing the metal component manufactured by the additive by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by pressure of 2-4 MPa; the first stage aims to quickly reduce the surface roughness and introduce a small amount of residual compressive stress, but the lower surface roughness cannot be obtained due to the combination of the impact of the projectile in the first stage, and the second stage aims to greatly reduce the surface roughness and realize a fine polishing effect; if only the second stage treatment is carried out, namely, only chemical abrasive jet polishing is adopted, products with lower surface roughness can be prepared, but the time consumption is expected to be doubled; in the first stage, under the synergistic effect of chemical abrasive flow and projectile impact, the surface roughness of the component is greatly reduced, if a single chemical abrasive jet is adopted to polish the surface roughness of the component, the surface roughness is reduced by about 25%, and under the synergistic effect, the surface roughness is reduced by about 40%.
According to the composite method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component, the time of the first stage is 5-10 min, the material of the pellets is stainless steel, the number of the pellets is 100-450, and the diameter of the pellets is 3-5 mm; the second stage is 10-20 min.
The composite method for improving the fatigue performance of the metal component in the additive manufacturing process, which is described above, further comprises a chemical abrasive jet polishing step performed after the step of shot blasting in which the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerates shot circulation, namely polishing the metal component in the additive manufacturing process by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by the pressure of 2-4 MPa; while the shot peening introduces residual stress while inevitably increasing surface roughness, although the high pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerates the shot peening of the shot circulation to have a certain suppression effect on the increase of surface roughness compared to water jet, it is still increased by about 20% compared to before peening, and after chemical abrasive jet polishing is performed again on the roughened surface after peening, the roughness of the finally obtained additive manufactured metal member is expected to be reduced by about 60%.
According to the compounding method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component, the chemical abrasive jet polishing time after the step of shot blasting of the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet acceleration shot circulation is 5-10 min; all the chemical abrasive flows consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 The glass beads with the diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm are broken when the glass beads act with the projectile, so that the grinding effect is generated on the surface of a sample, and the chemical polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 64.5% acetic acid+35% HNO 3 +0.5% HCl (nickel-based alloy), 40% HF+40% HNO 3 +20% distilled water (titanium alloy), in fact,each alloy corresponds to a respective polishing solution, and the polishing solutions are not listed here, but only polishing solutions of nickel-based alloys and titanium alloys which are frequently used in the aerospace field are listed here, and the optimal composition and proportion of other alloys can be obtained through experiments.
According to the compounding method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufactured metal component, the fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal component is improved by 5-10 times after compounding treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m is 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by more than 95%, the loss of appearance accuracy is X, the loss of appearance accuracy after the treatment by a comparison method is Y, and the loss of X is 75-85% relative to Y.
The overall flow of the composite method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component is as follows: the polishing of the low pressure jet acceleration shot circulation, the polishing of the chemical abrasive jet, the polishing of the high pressure chemical abrasive jet acceleration shot circulation and the polishing of the chemical abrasive jet comprise four stages, wherein the polishing of the low pressure jet acceleration shot circulation in the first stage can primarily reduce the surface roughness of an additive component, the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet in the second stage is reduced, the polishing of the chemical abrasive jet in the second stage provides good surface finish for the polishing of the high pressure chemical abrasive jet acceleration shot circulation in the third stage, thereby a deeper residual compressive stress layer and a grain refinement layer can be generated in the third stage so as to better improve the fatigue performance of the component, and meanwhile, the slightly increased surface roughness is caused, and the polishing of the chemical abrasive jet in the fourth stage can further improve the increase of the surface roughness caused by the polishing of the shot. The four stages are combined tightly and cooperate, so that the dimensional accuracy of the component is greatly improved, and the fatigue performance is improved. The close combination mode is obviously superior to the traditional technology of separately and stepwise performing the chemical abrasive jet polishing and the shot blasting, and unexpected effects can be obtained.
The invention also provides a compound device for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component, which comprises polishing and shot blasting compound equipment and a chemical abrasive flow conveying device, wherein the polishing and shot blasting compound equipment comprises a shell, an objective table, a sliding block, a control mechanism, shots and a nozzle;
the longitudinal section of the shell is in a convex shape and consists of a narrow part positioned above and a wide part positioned below, wherein the narrow part and the wide part are hollow cylinders and are coaxial;
the objective table consists of an upper circular plate, a middle circular table and a lower cylinder which are coaxial, wherein the small end of the middle circular table is arranged at the upper part, the large end of the middle circular table is arranged at the lower part, and the diameters of the upper circular plate, the large end of the middle circular table and the lower cylinder are the same;
the objective table is fixed in the wide part and is coaxial with the wide part;
the sliding block is a hollow cylinder, is sleeved on the lower cylinder, has a wall thickness equal to half of the difference between the inner diameter of the wide part and the inner diameter of the lower cylinder, and has a height greater than the sum of the heights of the upper circular plate and the middle circular table;
the control mechanism is used for controlling the sliding block to move up and down and can be a screw rod sliding rail mechanism;
the projectile is positioned in the wide part and above the lower cylinder;
the upper end of the narrow part is connected with the chemical abrasive flow conveying device, and the lower end is connected with the nozzle; the upper end of the wide part is provided with top drainage holes uniformly distributed around the circumference of the narrow part; the side wall in the middle of the wide part is provided with middle drain holes uniformly distributed around the circumference of the central shaft of the wide part, and the horizontal plane where the middle drain holes are positioned is flush with the upper surface of the objective table; valves are arranged on the top end drain hole and the middle drain hole.
As a preferable technical scheme:
the composite device for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component is characterized in that the chemical abrasive flow conveying device is a feeding box, and a centrifugal pump stirrer is arranged in the feeding box.
According to the composite device for improving fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component, the connecting pipeline of the upper end of the narrow part and the feeding box is provided with the directional control valve and the pressure gauge, the directional control valve is the three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises one inlet and two outlets, the feeding box is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, and the upper end of the narrow part is connected with one outlet of the three-way valve.
The composite device for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component further comprises a filter and a waste liquid tank, wherein the top end drain hole and the middle drain hole are connected with a feeding box, the feeding box is connected with the waste liquid tank through the filter, and the waste liquid tank is connected with the other outlet of the three-way valve.
The composite device for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component is characterized in that the material of the pellets is stainless steel, the number of the pellets is 100-450, and the diameter of the pellets is 3-5 mm; the chemical abrasive flow consists of abrasive and chemical polishing liquid, and the abrasive is SiO 2 Glass beads with the diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm are crushed when the glass beads act with the projectile, so that the grinding effect on the surface of a sample is generated, and the components of the chemical polishing solution are as described above; the diameter of the nozzle is 0.6-1 mm; the diameters of the top drain hole and the middle drain hole are 0.6-1.2 mm, the abrasive flows out along with the chemical polishing liquid during liquid discharge, the filter has the function of filtering out large fragments falling after polishing the surface of the additive manufacturing metal component, and the filter can be designed to enable the abrasive to completely pass through and only filter out the large fragments; the distance between the object stage and the nozzle is 250-300 mm, and the inner diameter of the wide part is 250-300 mm; the inner wall of the shell is attached with a ceramic filling coating to prevent the equipment from directly reacting with chemical abrasive, thereby prolonging the service life of the equipment.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) In the invention, the shot blasting and the surface polishing are combined in one device, so that the efficiency is improved, and the economic cost can be reduced by large-scale use;
(2) The polishing is carried out while the shot blasting, so that the surface roughness can be reduced, the increase of the surface roughness caused by the shot blasting is reduced, the improvement of the surface finish and the residual compressive stress can be simultaneously realized at one time, the surface finish is good, the introduced residual compressive stress is large, and the fatigue life of the additive manufactured component is prolonged;
(3) The invention can obviously improve the dimensional accuracy of the additive manufacturing metal component and improve the fatigue life of the component; the water jet shot peening and the chemical abrasive flow polishing can be performed simultaneously, so that the optimal residual compressive stress is obtained, and meanwhile, the surface roughness smaller than that of the traditional step-by-step treatment method is obtained, the precision of the metal component is ensured to the maximum extent, and the fatigue performance of the additive manufactured metal component is greatly improved;
(4) The invention provides a device and a method for improving the fatigue performance of an additive manufactured metal part based on a chemical abrasive jet polishing and shot peening strengthening composite treatment process, which adopt a fine step-by-step treatment process and have compact synergistic effect, so that the dimensional accuracy of the additive manufactured metal part is ensured to the greatest extent, and the fatigue performance of the additive manufactured metal part is improved to a great extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a composite method of improving fatigue performance of an additively manufactured metal component;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polished shot compounding apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a composite device for improving fatigue performance of an additively manufactured metal component;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the polishing shot-peening apparatus, wherein (a) represents a first step, (b) represents a second step, (c) represents a third step, and (d) represents a fourth step;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the entry and exit of a projectile from the chamber (i.e., the space inside the wide section);
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the evolution of surface roughness, residual stress and microstructure of an additive manufacturing as-formed metal part after each treatment step;
the device comprises a 1-objective table, a 2-sliding block, a 3-abrasive, a 4-shot, a 5-discharged liquid, a 6-chemical abrasive flow, a 7-nozzle, an 8-top drain hole, a 9-chemical abrasive flow movement track, a 10-sample, an 11-middle drain hole, a 12-polishing shot blasting composite device, a 13-manometer, a 14-direction control valve, a 15-waste liquid tank, a 16-filter, a 17-feeding tank and an 18-centrifugal pump stirrer.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below in conjunction with the detailed description. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
A composite method for improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured metal components, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Additive manufacturing samples;
(2) The low pressure jet accelerates the polishing of the shot circulation;
polishing the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by low pressure, and simultaneously polishing the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow acceleration shot circulation generated by the low pressure, wherein the pressure of the low pressure is 3-6 MPa, the polishing time is 5-10 min, the shots are made of stainless steel, the number of the shots is 100-450, and the diameter of the shots is 3-5 mm;
(3) Chemical abrasive jet polishing;
polishing the additive manufacturing metal member by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by pressure of 2-4 MPa for 10-20 min;
(4) The high pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerates shot blasting of shot circulation;
polishing (i.e. chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment) the metal components manufactured by the additive by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure, and simultaneously accelerating shot circulation by means of the chemical abrasive flow generated by the high pressure to shot (i.e. shot strengthening treatment) the metal components manufactured by the additive, wherein the pressure of the high pressure is 8-15 MPa, the time of the shot circulation accelerated by the high pressure chemical abrasive jet is 15-30 min, the material of the shots is stainless steel, the number of the shots is 100-450, and the diameter of the shots is 3-5 mm;
(5) Chemical abrasive jet polishing;
polishing the additive manufactured metal member by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by pressure of 2-4 MPa; the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet is 5-10 min;
all of the chemical abrasive flows in each stepConsists of an abrasive and chemical polishing liquid, wherein the abrasive is SiO 2 The glass beads with the diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm are broken when the glass beads act with the projectile, so that the grinding effect is generated on the surface of a sample, and the chemical polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 64.5% acetic acid+35% HNO 3 +0.5% HCl (nickel-based alloy), 40% HF+40% HNO 3 +20% distilled water (titanium alloy), in fact, each alloy corresponds to its own polishing solution, which is not listed here, but only those polishing solutions of nickel-based alloys and titanium alloys frequently used in the aerospace field are listed here, and the optimum composition and ratio can be obtained experimentally for other alloys;
(6) And (5) cleaning and detecting.
The same additive manufacturing metal component has the advantages that the fatigue life is improved by 5-10 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by more than 95%, the loss of appearance precision is X, the loss of appearance precision after the treatment by a comparison method is Y, the loss of X is 75% -85% relative to Y, and the difference between the treatment by the comparison method and the composite method for improving the fatigue performance of the additive manufacturing metal component is that polishing and shot blasting are separately carried out in the step of shot blasting of high-pressure chemical abrasive jet acceleration shot circulation, and the polishing is carried out before and after the shot blasting.
Fig. 6 reveals the evolution of surface roughness, residual stress and microstructure of an additive manufactured as-formed metal part after each treatment step. The first step is to polish the metal forming part in the preparation state of additive manufacturing by low-pressure jet flow to accelerate the circulation of the shot, so that the surface roughness of the forming part is primarily reduced, a small amount of residual compressive stress is introduced, and the microstructure of the surface layer of the sample is changed into submicron equiaxed crystal structure from the original columnar crystal (the alloy phase is inside). The second step was performed by chemical abrasive jet polishing, greatly reducing the surface roughness of the shaped piece, while the microstructure of the sample surface remained unchanged. The third step of shot peening of high pressure chemical abrasive jet acceleration shot circulation introduces a large residual compressive stress. At this time, the microstructure of the sample surface layer is changed from submicron equiaxed crystal structure to nanometer equiaxed crystal structure, and the subsurface layer is changed to submicron equiaxed crystal structure. Fourth, chemical abrasive jet polishing is performed in a stepwise manner, so that the increase of the surface roughness of the formed part caused by shot blasting is greatly reduced, and the microstructure of the surface layer of the sample is kept unchanged. After the surface treatment is carried out according to the method of the invention, the surface is smooth and clean, and the additive manufactured metal forming part contains large residual stress and microstructure in gradient distribution.
The composite method of the present invention for improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured metal components will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1a
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation Ti-6Al-4V alloy component, the low pressure in the step (2) is 3MPa, the polishing time is 10min, the number of shots is 350, and the diameter is 3.2mm; the pressure in the step (3) is 2MPa, and the polishing time is 20min; the high pressure in the step (4) is 10MPa, the time for accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation by high pressure chemical abrasive jet is 30min, the number of shots is 350, and the diameter is 3.2mm; the pressure in the step (5) is 2MPa, and the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet is 10min; the specific process of the step (6) is that the sample is put into absolute ethyl alcohol to be ultrasonically cleaned for 15min, and then dried; all chemical abrasive flows in each step consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 The glass beads have the diameter of 0.2mm, and the chemical polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 40% HF+40% HNO 3 +20% distilled water, the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing liquid is defined as 6%.
The fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal component is improved by 7 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 96%, and the loss of appearance precision is X.
Comparative example 1
Basically, the difference is that in the step (4), the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment and the shot peening treatment are performed in two steps, and the shot peening treatment is performed first (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 1a, i.e., the material of the shots is stainless steel, the number of shots is 350, the diameter is 3.2mm, and the time is 30 min), and then the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment is performed (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 1a, i.e., the pressure is 10MPa, and the time is 30 min).
The same additive manufacturing metal member has the advantages that the fatigue life is improved by 5 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 97%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 93%, the loss of appearance accuracy is Y, and the X of the embodiment 1a is reduced by 82% relative to the Y of the comparative example 1.
Example 2a
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation Ti-6Al-4V alloy component, the low pressure in the step (2) is 5MPa, the polishing time is 10min, the number of shots is 450, and the diameter is 4mm; the pressure in the step (3) is 4MPa, and the polishing time is 20min; the high pressure in the step (4) is 15MPa, the time for accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation by high pressure chemical abrasive jet is 30min, the number of shots is 450, and the diameter is 4mm; the pressure in the step (5) is 4MPa, and the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet is 10min; the specific process of the step (6) is that the sample is put into absolute ethyl alcohol to be ultrasonically cleaned for 15min, and then dried; all chemical abrasive flows in each step consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 Glass beads with the diameter of 0.5mm, wherein the chemical polishing solution comprises 40 percent of HF+40 percent of HNO by volume percent 3 +20% distilled water; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing liquid is defined as 6%.
The fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal component is improved by 8 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 98%, and the loss of appearance precision is X.
Comparative example 2
Basically, the difference is that in the step (4), the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment and the shot peening treatment are performed in two steps, and the shot peening treatment is performed first (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 2a, i.e., the material of the shots is stainless steel, the number of shots is 450, the diameter is 4mm, and the time is 30 min), and then the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment is performed (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 2a, i.e., the pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 30 min).
The same additive manufacturing metal member has the advantages that the fatigue life is improved by 6 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 98%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 96%, the loss of appearance precision is Y, and the X of the embodiment 2a is reduced by 78% relative to the Y of the comparative example 1.
Example 3a
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation state IN625 alloy component, the low-pressure IN the step (2) is 3MPa, the polishing time is 10min, the number of the shots is 350, and the diameter is 3.2mm; the pressure in the step (3) is 2MPa, and the polishing time is 20min; the high pressure in the step (4) is 13MPa, the time for accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation by high pressure chemical abrasive jet is 30min, the number of shots is 350, and the diameter is 3.2mm; the pressure in the step (5) is 2MPa, and the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet is 10min; the specific process of the step (6) is that the sample is put into absolute ethyl alcohol to be ultrasonically cleaned for 15min, and then dried; all chemical abrasive flows in each step consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 Glass beads with the diameter of 0.2mm, and the chemical polishing solution comprises 64.5% of acetic acid and 35% of HNO by volume percent 3 +0.5% hcl; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing liquid is defined as 6%.
The fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal component is improved by 7 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 96%, and the loss of appearance precision is X.
Comparative example 3
Basically, the difference is that in the step (4), the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment and the shot peening treatment are performed in two steps, and the shot peening treatment is performed first (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 3a, that is, the material of the shots is stainless steel, the number of shots is 350, the diameter is 3.2mm, and the time is 30 min), and then the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment is performed (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 3a, that is, the pressure is 13MPa, and the time is 30 min).
The same additive manufacturing metal member has the advantages that the fatigue life is improved by 5 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 97%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 93%, the loss of appearance accuracy is Y, and the X of the embodiment 3a is reduced by 82% relative to the Y of the comparative example 1.
Example 4a
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation state IN625 alloy component, the low-pressure IN the step (2) is 5MPa, the polishing time is 10min, the number of the shots is 450, and the diameter is 4mm; the pressure in the step (3) is 4MPa, and the polishing time is 20min; the high pressure in the step (4) is 15MPa, the time for accelerating shot blasting of shot circulation by high pressure chemical abrasive jet is 30min, the number of shots is 450, and the diameter is 4mm; the pressure in the step (5) is 4MPa, and the polishing time of the chemical abrasive jet is 10min; the specific process of the step (6) is that the sample is put into absolute ethyl alcohol to be ultrasonically cleaned for 15min, and then dried; all chemical abrasive flows in each step consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 Glass beads with the diameter of 0.5mm, and the chemical polishing solution comprises 64.5% acetic acid and 35% HNO by volume percent 3 +0.5% hcl; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing liquid is defined as 6%.
The fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal component is improved by 8 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 98%, and the loss of appearance precision is X.
Comparative example 4
Basically, the difference is that in the step (4), the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment and the shot peening treatment are performed in two steps, and the shot peening treatment is performed first (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 4a, i.e., the material of the shots is stainless steel, the number of shots is 450, the diameter is 4mm, and the time is 30 min), and then the chemical abrasive jet polishing treatment is performed (the process parameters are the same as those in the example 4a, i.e., the pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 30 min).
The same additive manufacturing metal member has the advantages that the fatigue life is improved by 6 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with the equivalent diameter of 100-200 mu m reaches 98%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by 96%, the loss of appearance precision is Y, and the X of the embodiment 4a is reduced by 78% relative to the Y of the comparative example 1.
A composite device for improving the fatigue performance of an additive manufacturing metal component, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, comprises a polished shot peening composite device 12, a feeding box 17 for conveying a chemical abrasive flow 6, a waste liquid box 15 and a filter 16, wherein a centrifugal pump stirrer 18 is arranged in the feeding box 17;
the polishing shot blasting composite device 12 comprises a shell, an objective table 1, a sliding block 2, a control mechanism, shots 4 and a nozzle 7;
the longitudinal section of the shell is in a convex shape and consists of a narrow part positioned above and a wide part positioned below, wherein the narrow part and the wide part are hollow cylinders and are coaxial;
the objective table 1 consists of an upper circular plate, a middle circular table and a lower cylinder which are coaxial, wherein the small end of the middle circular table is arranged at the upper part, the large end of the middle circular table is arranged at the lower part, and the diameters of the upper circular plate, the large end of the middle circular table and the lower cylinder are the same;
the object stage 1 is fixed in the wide part, and the object stage 1 is coaxial with the wide part;
the sliding block 2 is a hollow cylinder, is sleeved on the lower cylinder, has a wall thickness equal to half of the difference between the inner diameter of the wide part and the inner diameter of the lower cylinder, and has a height greater than the sum of the heights of the upper circular plate and the middle circular table;
the control mechanism is used for controlling the sliding block 2 to move up and down, and can be a screw rod sliding rail mechanism;
the projectile 4 is positioned in the wide part and above the lower cylinder; the material of the projectile 4 is stainless steel, the number is 100-450, and the diameter is 3-5 mm; the chemical abrasive flow 6 consists of an abrasive 3 and chemical polishing liquid, wherein the abrasive 3 is SiO 2 The glass beads with the diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm are broken when the glass beads act with the projectile 4, so that the surface of the sample 10 is ground, and the chemical polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 64.5% acetic acid+35% HNO 3 +0.5% HCl (nickel-based alloy), 40% HF+40% HNO 3 +20% distilled water (titanium alloy), in fact, each alloy corresponds to a respective polishing liquid, which is not listed here, but only polishing liquids of nickel-based alloys and titanium alloys commonly used in the aerospace field are listed here, and the best for other alloys can be obtained through experimentsThe proportion of the components and the proportion can influence the polishing effect to a certain extent, and the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing solution is limited to 6%; the motion trail 9 of the chemical abrasive flow is shown in fig. 2;
the upper end of the narrow part is connected with the feeding box 17, the lower end is connected with the nozzle 7, the diameter of the nozzle 7 is 0.6-1 mm, the distance between the object stage 1 and the nozzle 7 is 250-300 mm, and the inner diameter of the wide part is 250-300 mm; the upper end of the narrow part is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, and the upper end of the narrow part is connected with one outlet of the three-way valve;
The upper end of the wide part is provided with top drainage holes 8 with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 mm which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the narrow part; the side wall in the middle of the wide part is provided with middle drain holes 11 with the diameter of 0.6-1.2 mm which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the central shaft of the wide part, and the horizontal plane of the middle drain holes 11 is flush with the upper surface of the objective table 1; valves are arranged on the top end drain hole 8 and the middle drain hole 11; the top drain hole 8 and the middle drain hole 11 are both connected with a feeding box 17, the feeding box 17 is connected with a waste liquid box 15 through a filter 16, and the waste liquid box 15 is connected with the other outlet of the three-way valve.
The operation of the polish-peening composite apparatus 12 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown in fig. 5, the first step control mechanism controls the slide 2 to move downward, and the pellets 4 stored in the groove below the stage 1 fall down and are gathered on the top end of the slide 2, and the slide 2 moves from bottom to top again to push the pellets into the chamber. And opening the top water drain hole 8, closing the middle water drain hole 11, and performing low-pressure jet flow acceleration ball 4 circulation preliminary polishing. In the second step, after the sliding block 2 moves downwards, the pellets 4 enter the groove below the objective table 1 under the action of the fluid, and then the sliding block 2 moves upwards to seal the pellets 4 in the groove below the objective table 1. The valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is closed, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is opened to polish the chemical abrasive jet. And thirdly, repeating the first step to enable the shot 4 to enter the chamber, opening a valve of a water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment, and closing a valve of a water drain hole 11 in the middle to shot. Fourth, repeating the second step to seal the projectile 4 in the groove below the objective table 1, opening the middle drain hole 11, and closing the top drain hole 8 for polishing.
The process of improving fatigue performance of additively manufactured metal components using the composite methods and apparatus of the present invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1b
(method corresponds to example 1 a)
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation Ti-6Al-4V alloy component, and as shown in figures 2-3, the specific process is as follows:
(1) Placing the prepared sample 10 on the stage 1 in the chamber; the shots 4 used for shot blasting are made of stainless steel, the number of the shots is 350, and the diameter of the shots is 3.2mm; abrasive 3 is SiO 2 Glass beads with a diameter of 0.2mm; the chemical polishing solution comprises 40% of HF and 40% of HNO 3 +20% distilled water; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing solution is limited to 6%;
(2) The chemical abrasive flow 6 is mixed in a centrifugal pump stirrer 18, and then a direction control valve 14 is controlled to convey the chemical abrasive flow 6 to the pressure gauge 13 side; setting the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 to 3MPa; thereafter, the chemical abrasive flow 6 enters the polishing and shot blasting composite apparatus 12 to perform polishing and shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the sliding block 2 moves downwards firstly, the pellets 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 are gathered at the top end of the sliding block 2, the sliding block 2 moves from bottom to top again to push the pellets 4 into the cavity, when the sliding block 2 moves downwards below the objective table 1, the pellets 4 are gathered at the top end of the sliding block 2 due to the fact that a slope exists in the groove, and the sliding block 2 moves from bottom to top again to push the pellets 4 into the cavity; performing low-pressure jet flow acceleration ball 4 circulation primary polishing; polishing time is 10min;
(3) The fluid returns to the feed tank 17 to complete a cycle; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(4) The sliding block 2 moves downwards, the pellets 4 enter the groove below the objective table 1 under the action of fluid, and then the sliding block 2 moves upwards to seal the pellets 4 in the groove below the objective table 1; the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 is 2MPa; closing a valve of a water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment, and opening a valve of a water drain hole 11 in the middle to polish the chemical abrasive jet; polishing time is 20min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(5) The pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is adjusted to be 10MPa for shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the projectile 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 is pushed into the cavity by the movement of the sliding block 2 from bottom to top; the shot blasting time is 30min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(6) Repeating the step (4), wherein the polishing time is 10min;
(7) Sample 10 was ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethanol for 15min and then dried.
Example 2b
(method corresponds to example 2 a)
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation Ti-6Al-4V alloy component, and as shown in figures 2-3, the specific process is as follows:
(1) Placing the prepared sample 10 on the stage 1 in the chamber; the shots 4 used for shot blasting are made of stainless steel, the number of the shots is 450, and the diameter of the shots is 4mm; abrasive 3 is SiO 2 Glass beads with a diameter of 0.5mm; the chemical polishing solution comprises 40% of HF and 40% of HNO 3 +20% distilled water; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing solution is limited to 6%;
(2) The chemical abrasive flow 6 is mixed in a centrifugal pump stirrer 18, and then a direction control valve 14 is controlled to convey the chemical abrasive flow 6 to the pressure gauge 13 side; setting the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 to 5MPa; thereafter, the chemical abrasive flow 6 enters the polishing and shot blasting composite apparatus 12 to perform polishing and shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the pellets 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 are pushed into the cavity from bottom to top by the sliding block 2, and low-pressure jet flow acceleration pellet 4 circulation primary polishing is carried out; polishing time is 10min;
(3) The fluid returns to the feed tank 17 to complete a cycle; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(4) The sliding block 2 moves downwards, the pellets 4 enter the groove below the objective table 1 under the action of fluid, and then the sliding block 2 moves upwards to seal the pellets 4 in the groove below the objective table 1; the pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is 4MPa; closing a valve of a water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment, and opening a valve of a water drain hole 11 in the middle to polish the chemical abrasive jet; polishing time is 20min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(5) The pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is adjusted to 15MPa for shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the projectile 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 is pushed into the cavity by the movement of the sliding block 2 from bottom to top; the shot blasting time is 30min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(6) Repeating the step (4), wherein the polishing time is 10min;
(7) Sample 10 was ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethanol for 15min and then dried.
Example 3b
(method corresponds to example 3 a)
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation IN625 alloy component, as shown IN figures 2-3, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) Placing the prepared sample 10 on the stage 1 in the chamber; the shots 4 used for shot blasting are made of stainless steel, the number of the shots is 350, and the diameter of the shots is 3.2mm; abrasive 3 is SiO 2 Glass beads with a diameter of 0.2mm; the chemical polishing solution comprises 64.5% acetic acid and 35% HNO 3 +0.5% hcl; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing solution is limited to 6%;
(2) The chemical abrasive flow 6 is mixed in a centrifugal pump stirrer 18, and then a direction control valve 14 is controlled to convey the chemical abrasive flow 6 to the pressure gauge 13 side; setting the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 to 3MPa; thereafter, the chemical abrasive flow 6 enters the polishing and shot blasting composite apparatus 12 to perform polishing and shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the pellets 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 are pushed into the cavity from bottom to top by the sliding block 2, and low-pressure jet flow acceleration pellet 4 circulation primary polishing is carried out; polishing time is 10min;
(3) The fluid returns to the feed tank 17 to complete a cycle; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(4) The sliding block 2 moves downwards, the pellets 4 enter the groove below the objective table 1 under the action of fluid, and then the sliding block 2 moves upwards to seal the pellets 4 in the groove below the objective table 1; the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 is 2MPa; closing a valve of a water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment, and opening a valve of a water drain hole 11 in the middle to polish the chemical abrasive jet; polishing time is 20min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(5) The pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is adjusted to 13MPa for shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the projectile 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 is pushed into the cavity by the movement of the sliding block 2 from bottom to top; the shot blasting time is 30min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(6) Repeating the step (4), wherein the polishing time is 10min;
(7) Sample 10 was ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethanol for 15min and then dried.
Example 4b
(method corresponds to example 4 a)
The sample is an additive manufacturing preparation IN625 alloy component, as shown IN figures 2-3, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) Placing the prepared sample 10 on the stage 1 in the chamber; the shots 4 used for shot blasting are made of stainless steel, the number of the shots is 450, and the diameter of the shots is 4mm; abrasive 3 is SiO 2 Glass beads with a diameter of 0.5mm; the chemical polishing solution comprises 64.5% acetic acid and 35% HNO 3 +0.5% hcl; the mass percentage of the abrasive in the chemical polishing solution is limited to 6%;
(2) The chemical abrasive flow 6 is mixed in a centrifugal pump stirrer 18, and then a direction control valve 14 is controlled to convey the chemical abrasive flow 6 to the pressure gauge 13 side; setting the pressure of the chemical abrasive stream 6 to 5MPa; thereafter, the chemical abrasive flow 6 enters the polishing and shot blasting composite apparatus 12 to perform polishing and shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the pellets 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 are pushed into the cavity from bottom to top by the sliding block 2, and low-pressure jet flow acceleration pellet 4 circulation primary polishing is carried out; polishing time is 10min;
(3) The fluid returns to the feed tank 17 to complete a cycle; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(4) The sliding block 2 moves downwards, the pellets 4 enter the groove below the objective table 1 under the action of fluid, and then the sliding block 2 moves upwards to seal the pellets 4 in the groove below the objective table 1; the pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is 4MPa; closing a valve of a water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment, and opening a valve of a water drain hole 11 in the middle to polish the chemical abrasive jet; polishing time is 20min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(5) The pressure of the chemical abrasive flow 6 is adjusted to 15MPa for shot blasting; the valve of the water drain hole 8 at the top end of the equipment is opened, and the valve of the water drain hole 11 at the middle is closed; the projectile 4 stored in the groove below the objective table 1 is pushed into the cavity by the movement of the sliding block 2 from bottom to top; the shot blasting time is 30min; when the process is completed, the fluid is conveyed to a waste liquid tank 15 by using a directional control valve 14, filtered by a filter 16 and returned to a return tank 17 for the next step;
(6) Repeating the step (4), wherein the polishing time is 10min;
(7) Sample 10 was ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethanol for 15min and then dried.
Claims (7)
1. A compound method for improving fatigue performance of an additive manufacturing metal component is characterized by comprising a polishing treatment step, a high-pressure chemical abrasive jet flow shot blasting step and a chemical abrasive jet polishing step, wherein the polishing treatment step, the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet flow shot blasting step and the chemical abrasive jet flow polishing step are sequentially carried out;
the polishing treatment is divided into two stages; the first stage is polishing of low-pressure jet flow acceleration shot circulation, namely polishing of the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by low pressure, and polishing of the additive manufacturing metal component by means of chemical abrasive flow acceleration shot circulation generated by low pressure, wherein the pressure of the low pressure is 3-6 MPa; the second stage is chemical abrasive jet polishing, namely polishing the metal component manufactured by the additive by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by pressure of 2-4 MPa;
the high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerates the shot blasting process of shot circulation, namely polishing the metal components manufactured by the additive by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure, and simultaneously accelerating the shot circulation by means of the chemical abrasive flow generated by high pressure to shot the metal components manufactured by the additive, wherein the pressure of the high pressure is 8-15 MPa;
Chemical abrasive jet polishing is to polish the metal component manufactured by the additive by means of chemical abrasive flow generated by pressure of 2-4 MPa;
all the chemical abrasive flows consist of abrasive and chemical polishing solution, and the abrasive is SiO 2 Glass beads with the diameter of 0.2-0.6 mm correspond to respective polishing solutions of each additive manufacturing metal component alloy, and when the additive manufacturing metal component alloy is a nickel-based alloy, the chemical polishing solutions comprise the following components in percentage by volume: 64.5% acetic acid+35% HNO 3 +0.5% hcl, when the additive manufactured metal component alloy is a titanium alloy, the chemical polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 40% HF+40% HNO 3 +20% distilled water.
2. The composite method for improving fatigue performance of additive manufactured metal components according to claim 1, wherein the fatigue life of the same additive manufactured metal components is improved by 5-10 times after the composite treatment, the removal rate of subsurface defects with equivalent diameter of 100-200 μm is 100%, the number of subsurface defects is reduced by more than 95%, the loss of shape precision is X, the loss of shape precision after the treatment by a comparison method is Y, the loss of X is 75% -85% relative to Y, and the difference between the treatment by the comparison method and the composite method for improving fatigue performance of the additive manufactured metal components is that polishing and shot blasting are separately carried out in the step of shot blasting of high-pressure chemical abrasive jet accelerating shot circulation, and the polishing is carried out before and after the shot blasting.
3. A composite apparatus for improving fatigue property of an additively manufactured metal structure by adopting a composite method for improving fatigue property of an additively manufactured metal structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising a polish-shot composite apparatus and a chemical abrasive stream delivery apparatus, wherein the polish-shot composite apparatus comprises a housing, a stage (1), a slider (2), a control mechanism, a shot (4) and a nozzle (7);
the longitudinal section of the shell is in a convex shape and consists of a narrow part positioned above and a wide part positioned below, wherein the narrow part and the wide part are hollow cylinders and are coaxial;
the objective table (1) is composed of an upper circular plate, a middle circular table and a lower cylinder which are coaxial, wherein the small end of the middle circular table is arranged at the upper part, the large end of the middle circular table is arranged at the lower part, and the diameters of the upper circular plate, the large end of the middle circular table and the lower cylinder are the same;
the object stage (1) is fixed in the wide part, and the object stage (1) is coaxial with the wide part;
the sliding block (2) is a hollow cylinder, is sleeved on the lower cylinder, has a wall thickness equal to half of the difference between the inner diameter of the wide part and the inner diameter of the lower cylinder, and has a height greater than the sum of the heights of the upper circular plate and the middle circular table;
the control mechanism is used for controlling the sliding block (2) to move up and down;
the projectile (4) is positioned in the wide part and above the lower cylinder;
The upper end of the narrow part is connected with a chemical abrasive flow conveying device, and the lower end is connected with a nozzle (7); the upper end of the wide part is provided with top drainage holes (8) uniformly distributed around the circumference of the narrow part; the side wall in the middle of the wide part is provided with middle drain holes (11) uniformly distributed around the circumference of the central shaft of the wide part, and the horizontal plane of the middle drain holes (11) is flush with the upper surface of the objective table (1); valves are arranged on the top end drain hole and the middle drain hole.
4. A composite device for improving fatigue properties of an additively manufactured metal structure according to claim 3, wherein the chemical abrasive stream delivery device is a feed box in which a centrifugal pump mixer is mounted.
5. The composite device for improving fatigue performance of a metal component for additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the connecting pipeline between the upper end of the narrow part and the feed box is provided with a directional control valve and a pressure gauge, the directional control valve is a three-way valve, the three-way valve comprises an inlet and two outlets, the feed box is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve, and the upper end of the narrow part is connected with one outlet of the three-way valve.
6. A composite device for improving fatigue properties of a metal member for additive manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein the composite device further comprises a filter and a waste liquid tank, both the top drain hole (8) and the middle drain hole (11) are connected to a feed tank, the feed tank is connected to the waste liquid tank through the filter, and the waste liquid tank is connected to the other outlet of the three-way valve.
7. A composite device for improving fatigue performance of an additively manufactured metal member according to claim 3, wherein the nozzle has a diameter of 0.6 to 1mm; the diameters of the top end drain hole (8) and the middle drain hole (11) are 0.6-1.2 mm; the distance between the stage (1) and the nozzle (7) is 250-300 mm, and the inner diameter of the wide part is 250-300 mm.
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