CN114531182A - Array antenna calibration method, device and storage medium - Google Patents
Array antenna calibration method, device and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a calibration method and device of an array antenna and a storage medium. According to the method and the device, an array response matrix is constructed based on the position of the array antenna to be measured relative to the detection antenna, the antenna directional diagram of the array antenna to be measured is tested, an antenna directional diagram data vector is obtained, then the coupling relation can be embodied based on the array response matrix and the antenna directional diagram data, the amplitude-phase error of the channel amplitude-phase error can be embodied, the convergence of the amplitude-phase error is monitored, and finally the target calibration weight suitable for the array antenna is determined according to the amplitude-phase error meeting the convergence condition obtained by two adjacent calibration tests, so that any hardware equipment does not need to be added on the array antenna to be calibrated, calibration and decoupling of the array antenna to be calibrated can be achieved, and the accuracy of the calibration result is effectively guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for calibrating an array antenna, and a storage medium.
Background
With the increasing maturity of large-scale multi-antenna technology and the wide application in base station systems, people have higher requirements on the amplitude-phase consistency among the arrays in the base station array antenna. If there is a large amplitude-phase inconsistency between the antennas In the array antenna of the base station, it will cause the failure of beam forming and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) of the array antenna, and further affect the performance of the base station system. Through analysis, two main factors influencing the amplitude-phase inconsistency among the arrays in the base station array antenna are found. One is the amplitude-phase difference between the corresponding channels of the arrays, and the other is the coupling between the arrays.
However, in the current calibration scheme for the array antenna, the array antenna is calibrated based on the amplitude-phase error calculated by testing the directional diagram corresponding to the array antenna, which is not suitable for the case of coupling, that is, for the coupled array antenna, such as millimeter wave array antenna, terahertz array antenna, optical frequency band array antenna, conformal array antenna, sparse array antenna, and various 5G and 6G base station products using similar array antennas, the current calibration scheme for the array antenna has a large error in the calibration result due to the coupling factor, and thus the calibration requirement for the array antenna with higher precision cannot be met at all.
Disclosure of Invention
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for calibrating an array antenna, and a storage medium, which are used to solve the above technical problems.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a calibration method for an array antenna, including:
constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna to be detected relative to the detection antenna;
testing an antenna directional pattern of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna directional pattern data vector;
calculating the coupled channel amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional diagram data vector to obtain the amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested;
when the amplitude-phase error obtained by the two adjacent calibration tests meets a preset convergence condition, ending the test, and determining a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error obtained by the two adjacent calibration tests;
and calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application further provides a calibration apparatus for an array antenna, including: the device comprises a target calibration weight value determining module and an array antenna calibration module;
the target calibration weight determining module is used for constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna to be tested relative to the detection antenna;
the target calibration weight determining module is also used for testing an antenna directional pattern of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna directional pattern data vector;
the target calibration weight determining module is further configured to calculate an amplitude-phase error of a channel with coupling of each array element in the array antenna to be tested according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional pattern data vector, so as to obtain an amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested;
the target calibration weight determining module is further configured to end the test when the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests meets a preset convergence condition, and determine a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests;
and the array antenna calibration module is used for calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of calibrating an array antenna described above.
The calibration method, device and storage medium of the array antenna provided by the application construct an array response matrix relative to a detection antenna based on the array antenna to be tested, and test the antenna directional pattern of the array antenna to be tested, further acquiring antenna directional diagram data which can reflect the channel amplitude phase error corresponding to each array element in the array antenna, then based on the array response matrix and the data of the antenna directional diagram, the amplitude-phase error which can not only reflect the coupling relation but also reflect the channel amplitude-phase error is obtained, and finally determining a target calibration weight suitable for the array antenna according to the amplitude-phase error meeting the convergence condition obtained by two adjacent calibration tests by monitoring the convergence of the amplitude-phase error, therefore, the calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated can be realized according to the target calibration weight, and any hardware equipment is not required to be added on the array antenna to be calibrated.
In addition, because the target calibration weight is determined based on the amplitude-phase error which can embody the coupling relation and the channel amplitude-phase error, the decoupling of the antenna to be calibrated can be realized in the calibration process of the antenna array to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
In addition, the target calibration weight is determined based on the amplitude-phase error meeting the convergence condition, namely the target calibration weight for calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated is obtained through iterative training, so that the target calibration weight can be better suitable for the array antenna to be calibrated, and the requirement for calibrating the array antenna with higher precision is met.
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One or more embodiments are illustrated by the figures in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to and are not intended to limit the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a calibration method for an array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an indoor far-field calibration environment suitable for the calibration method of the array antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planar near-field calibration environment suitable for the calibration method of the array antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a compact field calibration environment suitable for use in the calibration method for an array antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a signal flow direction among the detected array antenna 200, the detecting antenna 300 and the beam controller 500 when the calibration method for the array antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present application calibrates for downlink channel signals;
fig. 6 is a signal flow direction among the detected array antenna 200, the detecting antenna 300 and the beam controller 500 when the calibration method for an array antenna provided in the first embodiment of the present application calibrates an uplink channel signal;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a calibration method for an array antenna according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of calibrating a forward signal based on a beamforming weight and a target calibration weight in step S50 in the calibration method for an array antenna according to the second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a calibration apparatus for an array antenna according to a third embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the examples of the present application, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The following embodiments are divided for convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation to the specific implementation manner of the present application, and the embodiments may be mutually incorporated and referred to without contradiction.
In order to facilitate understanding of how the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention can implement calibration and decoupling for each channel in the array antenna, here, a calibration problem of the array antenna under a coupling condition is first analyzed.
An array response matrix of a certain array antenna is assumed to be A; linearizing the coupling relation of the array antenna, and representing the coupling relation in a coupling matrix C form; the error of each analog channel in the array antenna is represented by a diagonal matrix E; the array antenna has an excitation vector g under a certain beam (the excitation vector corresponding to each beam is known). Then, the directional pattern data f of the array antenna at a certain spatial sampling point can be represented by formula (1):
f＝ACEg (1)
the magnitude-phase error used in this embodiment to determine the target calibration weight, i.e., the magnitude-phase error of the channel with coupling (also referred to as the magnitude-phase error vector of the channel with coupling), can be represented by "CEg" in equation (1). For the convenience of subsequent use, the embodiment uses ecAnd (3) representing the amplitude-phase error vector of the channel with coupling, which is detailed as shown in formula (2):
ec＝CEg0 (2)
wherein, g0Is a unit vector, and specifically takes the following values: g0＝[1 1 1…1]。
With respect to g0The number of the corresponding value sets "1" is specifically determined by the number of array elements of the array antenna in the constructed array response matrix.
Combining the formula (1) and the formula (2), the solution process of the coupled channel amplitude-phase error vector is shown as the formula (3):
where,/denotes dot division. The elements used are represented as:
wherein e isj、gjRespectively representing the initial amplitude-phase error and the array element excitation corresponding to the jth array element in the array antenna; c. CijIndicating the coupling of the jth array element to the ith array element in the array antennaThe emission amount; e.g. of the typeciAnd the channel amplitude and phase errors coupled by the ith array element band in the array antenna are shown.
As can be seen from the above equations (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amplitude-phase error to be found is related to the array excitation of the array antenna. That is, in the presence of coupling, the channel amplitude-phase error is not fixed and changes as the array excitation changes. There is a certain contradiction, when calibration is completed for the first time, if the calibration weight is directly substituted into the system, the corresponding amplitude-phase error will also change compared with the excitation before calibration, so the calibration weight at this time is not suitable for the system after the calibration weight is added. Although the errors caused by coupling are small, the requirement of high consistency of the channels of the MIMO system cannot be met.
To solve this problem, embodiments of the present application provide a calibration method for an array antenna, which uses an adaptive approach to reduce the influence of a front-back calibration error. The calibration method of the array antenna comprises the steps of continuously obtaining antenna directional diagram data of the array antenna to be measured, further obtaining an antenna directional diagram data vector, combining an array response matrix capable of reflecting the array antenna, solving a channel amplitude-phase error with coupling of each array element in the array antenna to be measured by using a least square method, determining a target calibration weight based on the channel amplitude-phase error to be coupled, further calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the calculated target calibration weight, and further calibrating and decoupling each channel of the millimeter-wave band base station antenna.
That is, based on the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment, the amplitude-phase error between channels of the base station antenna can be effectively solved, so that the side lobe level of the base station antenna and the array beam scanning capability are improved, the effective radiation power of the whole system is further improved, and the system performance of a 5G millimeter wave and other high-frequency large-scale Massive MIMO communication system is improved.
The following describes implementation details of the calibration method for the array antenna of the present embodiment, and the following description is provided only for convenience of understanding and is not necessary to implement the present embodiment.
For convenience of understanding, in the embodiment of the present application, the calibration method for the array antenna is applied to a base station antenna in a 5G millimeter wave Massive MIMO communication system as an example. That is, the array antenna in this embodiment is a base station antenna in a 5G millimeter wave Massive MIMO communication system, regardless of whether the array antenna is a measured array antenna or an array antenna to be calibrated.
A specific flow of the first embodiment of the present application is shown in fig. 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
and step S10, constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna to be tested relative to the detection antenna.
Specifically, the construction process of the array response matrix may be as follows:
based on the test environment, that is, the tested array antenna is used to simulate the signal transmission and reception operations of the array antenna, and the calibration system (system capable of implementing the calibration method provided by this embodiment) is used to obtain the test environment information generated in the simulation process, so as to construct the array response matrix of the tested array antenna relative to the probe antenna according to the obtained test environment information.
The test environment is realized by simulating the actual use scenarios of the array antenna based on the actual use scenarios.
Further, in practical application, the construction process of the array response matrix may also be constructed based on actual signal transmitting and receiving operations performed by other array antennas, and acquired actual test environment information.
It should be noted that, in a specific implementation, the dimension of the array response matrix is specifically determined by the number of spatial sampling points and the number of array elements in the array antenna to be measured. The spatial sampling points are determined based on a predetermined measured array antenna pattern.
If the number of the spatial sampling points in the antenna directional diagram of the measured array antenna is N and the number of the array elements in the measured array antenna is M, the constructed array response matrix a is an N × M dimensional matrix.
Specifically, an array response matrix a of N × M dimensions is constructed, as shown in formula (5):
wherein,
and the phase and the amplitude of the Mth array element in the array antenna to be tested are shown in the case of the spatial sampling point N.
In addition, the test environment information is, in the present embodiment, information such as an array layout of the array antenna under test, a specific position with respect to a phase center of the turntable, and an actual distance from the probe antenna, which is acquired.
That is, the test environment information may be acquired in either a test environment or an actual application environment.
Further, in a specific implementation, in order to ensure that the determined target calibration weight is better suitable for subsequent calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated as far as possible, so as to ensure higher accuracy, before obtaining test environment information required for constructing an array response matrix, the equipment involved in the system may be calibrated once.
Specifically, the calibration of the device involved in the system in this embodiment mainly includes performing zero-seeking calibration on the turntable for fixing the array antenna to be tested, that is, performing zero-setting calibration on the turntable before the test is performed, and simultaneously calibrating the parallelism and the directional deviation between the array antenna to be tested and the probe antenna, that is, adjusting the parallelism and the directional deviation between the array antenna to be tested and the probe antenna to the interval meeting the test requirement.
The antenna pattern is a pattern representing a relationship between an antenna radiation characteristic (field intensity amplitude, phase, polarization) and a spatial angle. The complete antenna directional diagram is a three-dimensional space graph which is drawn by measuring the radiation characteristics point by point (space sampling point) on a spherical surface with a large enough radius r by taking the phase center of an antenna as the center of a sphere (coordinate origin). In specific implementation, the drawing can be completed with the aid of various existing computer drawing software, and for a specific drawing process, this embodiment is not described again.
And step S20, testing the antenna directional diagram of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna directional diagram data vector.
Specifically, in practical application, the origin of pattern data corresponding to each spatial sampling point in an antenna pattern is determined by controlling the rotation direction of a turntable fixed with the array antenna to be tested according to the spatial position of each spatial sampling point in the antenna pattern, after the spatial position corresponding to the current spatial sampling point is switched to, the signal transmitting device is controlled to transmit a calibration signal, and the signal receiving device is controlled to receive the calibration signal, and determining a channel amplitude-phase error corresponding to the current spatial sampling point according to a channel amplitude-phase corresponding to the calibration signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device and a channel amplitude-phase corresponding to the calibration signal received by the signal receiving device, and finally taking the determined channel amplitude-phase error as directional diagram data corresponding to the current spatial sampling point, so that directional diagram data corresponding to one spatial sampling point in an antenna directional diagram can be obtained.
That is to say, for each spatial sampling point in the antenna directional diagram, the corresponding channel amplitude-phase error is determined according to the above manner, so that corresponding directional diagram data can be obtained, and directional diagram data corresponding to all spatial sampling points in the antenna directional diagram is further obtained, that is, an antenna directional diagram data vector is obtained.
As can be seen from the above description, the pattern data substantially represents the amplitude phase, so that the pattern data at the spatial sampling points can be expressed as
Accordingly, the above antenna pattern data vector can be expressed as formula (6):
wherein, FARepresenting antenna pattern data vectors, N representing spatial sampling points,
pattern data at the nth spatial sample point is shown.
It should be noted that, in a specific implementation, the calibration signal may be a single-frequency-point signal or a broadband signal, which is not limited in this embodiment.
Furthermore, it should be understood that the calibration signal is transmitted by the signal transmitting device and received by the signal receiving device, and the purpose of the calibration signal is mainly to obtain the amplitude-phase error between the signal transmitting device and the signal receiving device. Therefore, in specific implementation, it can be assumed that the amplitude-phase difference between the array elements in the measured array antenna is slow along with frequency conversion, so that the amplitude-phase error obtained at the system working frequency point can be selected as the amplitude-phase error between the array elements and the system working frequency point.
And step S30, calculating the coupled channel amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional diagram data vector to obtain the amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested.
According to the description, the array response matrix reflects the coupling relation between the array antennas, and directional pattern data of array elements in the array antennas under different spatial sampling points are recorded in the antenna directional pattern data vector. Therefore, the amplitude and phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested can be calculated according to the two signals, namely the vector value of the coupling relation and the channel amplitude and phase error can be reflected.
For convenience of understanding, taking the array response matrix shown in formula (5) and the antenna pattern data vector shown in formula (6) as an example, the amplitude-phase error of the coupled channel of each array element in the array antenna to be tested is obtained by combining formula (3), and the specific obtaining manner is shown in formula (7):
in addition, it is worth mentioning that, in the calibration method for an array antenna provided in this embodiment, the target calibration weight for calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated is based on the above coupled channel amplitude-phase error (for convenience of description, the coupled channel amplitude-phase error is referred to as an amplitude-phase error in this embodiment), and in order to ensure that the determined target calibration weight can be better applied to the calibration of the array antenna, for each array element in the array antenna to be tested, after the amplitude-phase error is obtained by calculation for each array element in the array antenna to be tested, the maximum phase fluctuation value and the maximum amplitude fluctuation value may be determined according to the amplitude-phase error; then, it is determined whether the maximum phase fluctuation value is not greater than a phase error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition and whether the maximum amplitude fluctuation value is not greater than an amplitude error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition.
Accordingly, if both of the above determinations are satisfied, that is, the maximum phase fluctuation value is not greater than (less than or equal to) the phase error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition, and the maximum amplitude fluctuation value is not greater than (less than or equal to) the amplitude error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition, it is determined that the amplitude-phase error satisfies the preset convergence condition.
Regarding the above judgment process, in a specific implementation, it can be realized by equation (8):
wherein, geiRepresents the amplitude-phase error, angle, obtained by calculation at the time of the ith calibration testmaxDenotes the maximum phase fluctuation value in, i.e. the maximum phase fluctuation value, dBmax(vi) represents the maximum amplitude fluctuation value in (i.e. said maximum amplitude fluctuation value,
represents the upper limit of phase error convergence in degrees, GlRepresents the upper limit value of the amplitude error convergence, specifically in dB form.
Further, in a particular implementation, the maximum phase fluctuation value may be determined based on equation (9), and the maximum amplitude fluctuation value may be determined based on equation (10):
anglemax(*)＝max(angle(*))-min(angle(*)) (9)
dBmax(gei)＝max(dB(gei))-min(dB(gei)) (10)
wherein, angle referred to in the formula (9)max() satisfies the following condition: angle of 0. ltoreq.max(*)≤180。
And step S40, when the amplitude-phase error obtained by two adjacent calibration tests meets a preset convergence condition, ending the test, and determining a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error obtained by two adjacent calibration tests.
Namely, after the convergence judgment is performed on the amplitude-phase error obtained by each calibration test through the above formula (8), if the amplitude-phase errors obtained by two adjacent calibration tests both satisfy the preset convergence condition, the test is ended, and the target calibration weight is determined according to the amplitude-phase errors obtained by two adjacent calibration tests.
Regarding to the manner of determining the target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error satisfying the convergence condition obtained by two adjacent calibration tests, the method can be specifically implemented by combining formula (11) and formula (12):
ge,i＝ge,i*ge,i-1 (11)
wherein, ge,0＝[1,1,1,…1]。
ce,i＝1/ge,i (12)
It can be seen from formula (11) and formula (12) that, when determining the target calibration weight, specifically, the amplitude-phase errors meeting the convergence condition obtained by two adjacent calibration tests are multiplied, then the obtained product is used as the amplitude-phase error finally used for determining the target calibration weight, and finally the amplitude-phase error obtained by calculation in formula (11) is converted according to the formula (12), so that the amplitude-phase error can be converted into the target calibration weight.
Correspondingly, if the convergence judgment is carried out through the formula (8), and the amplitude-phase error obtained by the current calibration test does not meet the preset convergence condition, the calibration test is carried out again, namely the termination condition of the iterative training is that the amplitude-phase error meets the convergence condition.
In addition, it should be noted that the calibration test procedure provided in this embodiment can be specifically applied to an indoor far-field calibration environment, a planar near-field calibration environment (also referred to as an indoor near-field calibration environment), and a compact field calibration environment.
For ease of understanding, the present implementation will be described with reference to the indoor far-field calibration environment given in fig. 2, the planar near-field calibration environment given in fig. 3, and the compact-field calibration environment given in fig. 4, for the devices and devices involved in these three test environments:
as shown in fig. 2, in the process of performing the calibration test on the array antenna to be tested based on the indoor far-field calibration environment, the turntable 400 for fixing the array antenna to be tested 200 and the probe antenna holder 600 for fixing the probe antenna 300 need to be placed in the darkroom 100.
As can be seen from fig. 2, in a specific implementation, the turntable 400 used in an indoor far-field calibration environment is specifically composed of a fixing portion 401 for fixing the array antenna 200 to be tested and a supporting portion 402 (which may also be referred to as a pedestal) for supporting the fixing portion 401.
The part of the fixing part 401 in contact with the supporting part 401 can rotate left and right, the part in contact with the array antenna 200 to be tested can rotate on line, and the rotation of the two parts can control the turntable to rotate to the spatial position where the specific spatial sampling point is located.
Further, in practical applications, in order to control the array antenna under test, a beam controller 500 is further provided at a portion where the fixing portion 401 of the turntable 400 contacts the array antenna under test 200.
In addition, in order to calibrate the parallelism and the directional deviation between the array antenna 200 and the probe antenna 300, a position calibration device 700 may be further disposed on the probe antenna holder 600 to calibrate the parallelism and the directional deviation between the array antenna 200 and the probe antenna 300.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in practical applications, in order to ensure the implementation of the above scheme, for the indoor far-field calibration environment shown in fig. 2, in addition to the above devices and devices included in the darkroom 100, a calibration system or a calibration apparatus implemented based on the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment, that is, an amplitude-phase error calibration module shown in fig. 2, needs to be communicatively connected to the array antenna 200 to be tested, the probe antenna 300, the turntable 400, and the beam controller 500 in the darkroom 100, so as to control the above devices in the darkroom 100, and the determination of the target calibration weight value is completed according to the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 3, in the process of performing calibration test on the array antenna to be tested based on the indoor near-field calibration environment, the turntable 400 for fixing the array antenna to be tested 200 and the detection antenna bracket 800 for fixing the detection antenna 300 also need to be placed in the darkroom 100, and outside the darkroom 100, a calibration system or a calibration apparatus implemented based on the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment, that is, the amplitude-phase error calibration module shown in fig. 3, needs to be communicatively connected to the array antenna to be tested 200, the detection antenna 300, the turntable 400 and the beam controller 500 in the darkroom 100, so that the above devices in the darkroom 100 can be controlled, and the determination of the target calibration weight value can be completed according to the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the equipment and devices located in the darkroom 100 for the indoor near-field calibration environment are substantially the same as the equipment and devices located in the darkroom 100 for the indoor far-field calibration environment shown in fig. 2, with the main differences being:
in an indoor near field calibration environment, the probe antenna mount 800 used to secure the probe antenna 300 is a planar scanning mount.
For such a probe antenna holder, a slide unit 900 that can slide left and right and up and down is provided, and the probe antenna 300 is fixed to the slide unit 900.
As shown in fig. 4, in the process of performing calibration test on the array antenna to be tested based on the compact field calibration environment, the turntable 400 and the probe antenna 300 for fixing the array antenna to be tested 200 also need to be placed in the darkroom 100, and outside the darkroom 100, a calibration system or a calibration device implemented based on the calibration method for the array antenna provided by this embodiment, i.e., the amplitude and phase error calibration module shown in fig. 4, needs to be communicatively connected to the array antenna to be tested 200, the probe antenna 300, the turntable 400 and the beam controller 500 in the darkroom 100, so that the above devices in the darkroom 100 can be controlled, and the determination of the target calibration weight is completed according to the calibration method for the array antenna provided in this embodiment.
As can be seen from fig. 4, for the compact field calibration environment, there is no need to separately provide a detection antenna holder dedicated for fixing the detection antenna 300, i.e. the detection antenna 300 is directly fixed on the inner top wall of the darkroom 100. In this case, the turntable in the darkroom 100 also includes the fixing portion 401 and the supporting portion 402, and the fixing portion 401 for fixing the array antenna 200 to be measured only needs to be rotated left and right.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that, in practical application, a target calibration weight storage module for storing a target calibration weight may be further disposed at the side of the array antenna to be tested. Specifically, the target calibration weight storage module is typically in communication with the beam controller 500, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
In addition, it is not difficult to find out from the above description that, since the amplitude-phase error calibration module is in communication connection with the array antenna 200 to be tested, the detecting antenna 300, the turntable 400 and the beam controller 500 in the darkroom 100, the control of these devices can be realized, so as to realize the transceiving of signals, thereby ensuring that the calibration method of the array antenna provided by this embodiment can be smoothly performed.
In addition, it should be noted that, in practical applications, the target calibration weight storage module led out from the beam controller 500 by using a dashed line in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 may be generally integrated in the beam controller 500, that is, the beam controller 500 in this embodiment has both the beam control function and the storage function of the target calibration weight.
It should be understood that the above examples are only examples for better understanding of the technical solution of the present embodiment, and are not to be taken as the only limitation to the present embodiment.
And step S50, calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
Specifically, the operation in step S50 may be performed during the use of the array antenna to be calibrated, before the use of the array antenna to be calibrated, or in a combination of the two methods.
For example, before the array antenna to be calibrated is used, the array antenna to be calibrated is calibrated once based on the above method, and the determined target calibration weight is stored in the calibration weight storage module.
Further, when the calibration operation is completed and the array antenna to be calibrated (the array antenna which has been subjected to the calibration operation for one time) is used, the stored target calibration weight value can be obtained from the calibration weight value storage module according to the actual situation to perform secondary calibration on the current array antenna again, so that the accurate calibration of the array antenna is effectively ensured.
It should be noted that, in practical application, the array antenna to be tested and the array antenna to be calibrated may be the same array antenna, that is, when a certain array antenna is put into use, the array antenna is directly used as the array antenna to be tested for testing, and then a target calibration weight is determined based on the testing, and the calibration is performed in subsequent use.
Specifically, in practical application, the array antenna in the base station can transmit signals outwards, i.e., is suitable for a downlink channel scenario, and can receive signals, i.e., is suitable for an uplink channel scenario. In order to better understand the signal flow direction between the array antenna 200 to be detected (which may be regarded as the above-mentioned array antenna to be calibrated), the detecting antenna 300 and the beam controller 500 when calibrating the downlink signal in the downlink channel scenario, and the signal flow direction between the array antenna 200 to be detected, the detecting antenna 300 and the beam controller 500 when calibrating the uplink signal in the uplink channel scenario, which will be specifically described below with reference to fig. 5 and 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and fig. 6, in both scenarios, the internal functional modules are divided in the same way except that the directions of the signals are different (downlink is when the detected array antenna transmits signals to the detecting antenna, and uplink is when the detected array antenna receives signals transmitted by the detecting antenna).
Specifically, the array antenna 200 under test can be divided into a power divider network 201, an amplitude modulation and phase modulation module 202, a power amplifier module 203 and an antenna module 204.
For the downlink channel, the power divider network 201 is mainly used to divide and multiplex the digital signal into a plurality of paths, and equally distribute the digital signal to each analog channel; the amplitude modulation and phase modulation module 202 is mainly used for performing phase modulation and amplitude modulation according to the control signal transmitted by the beam controller 500, thereby completing the beam forming function; the power amplifier module 203 is mainly used for increasing the signal transmitting power; the antenna module 204 is mainly used for transmitting signals to the space to complete the conversion between radio frequency signals and electromagnetic wave signals.
For the uplink channel, the power divider network 201 is mainly used to combine the signals of the analog channels and output the combined signals to the corresponding digital channels; the amplitude modulation and phase modulation module 202 is mainly used for performing phase modulation and amplitude modulation according to the control signal transmitted by the beam controller 500, thereby completing the beam forming function and realizing the self-adaptive function; the power amplifier module 203 is mainly used for performing power amplification on the spatial signal received by the antenna module 204; the antenna module 204 is mainly used for receiving space signals and completing the conversion between radio frequency signals and electromagnetic wave signals.
For the beam controller 500, whether it is in the downlink channel or the uplink channel, it is used to load a predetermined target calibration weight according to the designated beam information of the baseband system, generate a calibrated beam excitation, and transmit the excitation to the amplitude modulation and phase modulation module 203.
Further, in practical applications, a target calibration weight storage module communicatively connected to the beam controller 500 and an amplitude-phase error calibration module communicatively connected to the target calibration weight storage module may also be provided in the calibration apparatus implemented based on the calibration method for an array antenna provided in this embodiment.
Correspondingly, the target calibration weight storage module is specifically configured to store the target calibration weight determined based on the above steps.
In addition, the signal transmitting device and the signal receiving device used in the method for implementing the calibration of the array antenna, the module for performing the antenna pattern test to obtain the antenna pattern data vector, and the module for calculating the target calibration weight are not shown in fig. 5 and 6.
In a specific implementation, the implementation of the calibration method for the array antenna needs to rely on a signal sending device to transmit specified calibration information and transmit the calibration information to the array antenna in the system under test; the signal receiving device needs to receive the calibration signal returned by the system under test.
Correspondingly, the directional pattern testing module controls the rotary table to rotate to the specified direction, receives the actual steering information of the rotary table, and controls the signal transmitting device and the signal receiving device to obtain directional pattern data of the array antenna in the specified direction in the process of triggering the directional pattern test.
And the calibration weight calculation module is used for obtaining an array response matrix according to the actual information of the array antenna in the test environment and calculating the amplitude-phase error by combining the directional diagram data set transmitted by the directional diagram test module. And further judging whether the amplitude-phase error data is converged or not by combining the convergence condition. If the amplitude-phase error data are converged, stopping the calibration test; and if the antenna array is not converged, controlling the directional diagram testing module, triggering a new calibration process until the amplitude-phase error meets the convergence condition, generating a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error data meeting the convergence condition twice, and transmitting the calibration weight to a calibration weight storage module for subsequent calibration of the antenna array to be calibrated.
It should be understood that the above examples are only examples for better understanding of the technical solution of the present embodiment, and are not to be taken as the only limitation to the present embodiment.
As can be seen from the above description, the calibration method for an array antenna provided in this embodiment is implemented by constructing an array response matrix with respect to a probe antenna based on an array antenna under test, and testing an antenna pattern of the array antenna under test, further acquiring antenna directional diagram data which can reflect the channel amplitude phase error corresponding to each array element in the array antenna, then based on the array response matrix and the data of the antenna directional diagram, the amplitude-phase error which can not only reflect the coupling relation but also reflect the channel amplitude-phase error is obtained, and finally determining a target calibration weight suitable for the array antenna according to the amplitude-phase error meeting the convergence condition obtained by two adjacent calibration tests by monitoring the convergence of the amplitude-phase error, therefore, the calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated can be realized according to the target calibration weight, and any hardware equipment is not required to be added on the array antenna to be calibrated.
In addition, because the target calibration weight is determined based on the amplitude-phase error which can embody the coupling relation and the channel amplitude-phase error, the decoupling of the antenna to be calibrated can be realized in the calibration process of the antenna array to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
In addition, the target calibration weight is determined based on the amplitude-phase error meeting the convergence condition, namely the target calibration weight for calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated is obtained through iterative training, so that the target calibration weight can be better suitable for the array antenna to be calibrated, and the requirement for calibrating the array antenna with higher precision is met.
A second embodiment of the present application relates to a calibration method of an array antenna. The embodiment mainly provides a specific calibration mode for the array antenna to be calibrated based on the target calibration weight. It is obvious from fig. 7 that steps S10 to S40 in this embodiment are substantially the same as steps S10 and S40 in the first embodiment, and are not repeated here. The following mainly describes two specific sub-steps in step S50:
and a substep S51, receiving beam information during the use process of the array antenna to be calibrated, and generating a beam forming weight value corresponding to the analog channel according to the beam information.
For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment takes a downlink channel scenario as an example, and a specific explanation is made.
Specifically, when a signal needs to be transmitted through the array antenna to be calibrated, the beam controller receives beam information sent by the baseband processing module (or the baseband processor, the baseband processing chip), and then generates a beam forming weight corresponding to each analog channel under a designated beam according to the beam information.
Regarding the representation of the beamforming weights, it can be specifically represented by formula (13):
wherein G isbf,iAnd representing the beamforming weight corresponding to the ith analog channel, wherein the value is a complex number.
In addition, it should be noted that the beamforming weight may be set off-line, and read in a form of a lookup table during work, so as to further improve processing efficiency and reduce occupation of system resources.
And a substep S52, performing amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel according to the target calibration weight and the beam forming weight, so as to realize calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated.
Specifically, for the case that the target calibration weights are determined through the operations of step S10 to step S40 by iterative training in advance and stored in the target calibration weight storage module, when performing sub-step S52, the stored target calibration weights are specifically read from the target calibration weight storage module by the beam controller.
The read target calibration weight can be specifically expressed by equation (14):
wherein, Ce,iRepresents the i-th analog channel calibration weight, which is a complex number.
In addition, regarding the operation of performing amplitude and phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel according to the target calibration weight and the beamforming weight in sub-step S52, it can be implemented in conjunction with fig. 8:
as shown in fig. 8, first, after obtaining a required beamforming weight and a target calibration weight, calibrating the beamforming weight according to the target calibration weight, in a specific implementation, inputting the beamforming weight and the target calibration weight into a multiplier, performing multiplication operation by the multiplier, and taking an obtained product as the target beamforming weight, that is, the beamforming weight calibrated by the target calibration weight; and then, according to the target beam forming weight, carrying out amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel, wherein in the specific implementation, the forward signal and the target beam forming weight are input into a multiplier, multiplication is carried out by the multiplier, and the obtained product is used as an output signal after calibration.
The forward signal is obtained by the following processing flow:
when receiving a signal to be transmitted, firstly, performing baseband processing on the signal to be transmitted through a baseband processing module (or a baseband processor and a baseband processing chip) so as to obtain a baseband signal meeting the requirement; then, carrying out amplitude factor reduction CFR processing on the obtained baseband signal so as to reduce the amplitude of the baseband signal to a preset requirement; then, carrying out digital pre-distortion processing on the baseband signal with the amplitude reduced to the preset requirement; and then, performing digital-to-analog conversion processing on the baseband signal subjected to the digital pre-distortion processing, namely converting the digital signal into an analog signal, inputting the analog signal into a power divider network of the array antenna, dividing and multiplexing the digital signal into a plurality of paths, and equally dividing the paths to be sent to each analog channel, wherein at the moment, forward signals of each analog channel needing to be processed appear.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that, in practical application, after the calibration processing, i.e. the amplitude and phase error compensation processing, the power amplification processing can be performed on the output signal after the amplitude and phase error compensation processing, so as to generate a radio frequency signal meeting the power requirement; and finally, transmitting the radio frequency signal through the array element in the array antenna to be calibrated.
Therefore, according to the calibration method for the array antenna provided by the embodiment, the array antenna to be calibrated is calibrated by adopting the above manner, and the calibration and the decoupling of the array antenna to be calibrated are realized without adding any hardware equipment on the array antenna to be calibrated, and meanwhile, the requirement on the calibration of the array antenna with higher precision is met.
In addition, it should be understood that the above steps of the various methods are divided for clarity, and the implementation may be combined into one step or split into some steps, and the steps are divided into multiple steps, so long as the same logical relationship is included in the protection scope of the present patent; it is within the scope of the patent to add insignificant modifications to the algorithms or processes or to introduce insignificant design changes to the core design without changing the algorithms or processes.
A third embodiment of the present application relates to a calibration apparatus for an array antenna, as shown in fig. 9, including: a target calibration weight determination module 901 and an array antenna calibration module 902.
The target calibration weight determining module 901 is configured to construct an array response matrix of the detected array antenna relative to the probe antenna.
Further, the target calibration weight determining module 901 is further configured to test an antenna pattern of the array antenna to be tested, so as to obtain an antenna pattern data vector.
Further, the target calibration weight determining module 901 is further configured to calculate an amplitude-phase error of a channel with coupling of each array element in the measured array antenna according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional pattern data vector, so as to obtain an amplitude-phase error of each array element in the measured array antenna.
Further, the target calibration weight determining module 901 is further configured to end the test when the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests meets a preset convergence condition, and determine a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests.
The array antenna calibration module 902 is configured to calibrate the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
In addition, in another example, when the target calibration weight determining module 901 constructs an array response matrix of the detected array antenna relative to the detecting antenna, the specific steps are as follows:
acquiring the array layout of the array antenna to be tested, the specific position relative to the phase center of the rotary table and the actual distance between the array antenna to be tested and the detection antenna to obtain test environment information;
and constructing the array response matrix of the array antenna to be tested relative to the probe antenna according to the test environment information.
In addition, in another example, in order to ensure the accuracy of the finally determined target calibration weight value as much as possible, the calibration apparatus for an array antenna may further include an apparatus calibration module.
Specifically, the device calibration module is configured to perform zero-finding calibration on the turntable and calibrate parallelism and pointing deviation between the array antenna to be tested and the probe antenna before the target weight determination module 901 obtains the array layout of the array antenna to be tested, the specific position of the array antenna to be tested relative to the phase center of the turntable, and the actual distance between the probe antenna to obtain the test environment information.
In addition, in another example, when the target weight determining module tests an antenna pattern of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna pattern data vector, the method specifically includes:
controlling the rotation of a rotary table fixed with the array antenna to be tested according to the spatial position of each spatial sampling point in the antenna directional diagram, controlling a signal transmitting device to transmit a calibration signal, and controlling a signal receiving device to receive the calibration signal;
determining a channel amplitude and phase error corresponding to a current spatial sampling point according to a channel amplitude and phase corresponding to the calibration signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device and a channel amplitude and phase corresponding to the calibration signal received by the signal receiving device, and taking the determined channel amplitude and phase error as directional diagram data corresponding to the current spatial sampling point;
and for each spatial sampling point, determining a corresponding channel amplitude-phase error according to the method to obtain the antenna directional pattern data vector.
In another example, in order to determine whether the calculated amplitude-phase error satisfies the convergence condition, the calibration apparatus for an array antenna may further include a convergence determination module.
Specifically, for each array element in the array antenna to be tested, the convergence judgment module is configured to determine a maximum phase fluctuation value and a maximum amplitude fluctuation value according to the amplitude-phase error;
and judging whether the maximum phase fluctuation value is not greater than a phase error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition or not and whether the maximum amplitude fluctuation value is not greater than an amplitude error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition or not.
Accordingly, if the maximum phase fluctuation value is not greater than the phase error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition and the maximum amplitude fluctuation value is not greater than the amplitude error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition, it is determined that the amplitude-phase error satisfies the convergence condition.
In addition, in another example, when the array antenna calibration module 902 calibrates the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight, specifically, the calibrating is performed by:
receiving beam information in the using process of the array antenna to be calibrated, and generating a beam forming weight corresponding to an analog channel according to the beam information;
and according to the target calibration weight and the beam forming weight, carrying out amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel to realize the calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated.
In addition, in another example, when the array antenna calibration module 902 performs amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel according to the target calibration weight and the beamforming weight, specifically:
according to the target calibration weight, calibrating the beam forming weight to obtain a target beam forming weight;
and according to the target beam forming weight, carrying out amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel.
In addition, in another example, the array antenna calibration module 902 is further configured to perform power amplification processing on the output signal after the amplitude and phase error compensation processing, so as to generate a radio frequency signal meeting a power requirement; and transmitting the radio frequency signal through the array element in the array antenna to be calibrated.
It should be understood that the present embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the first or second embodiment, and the present embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the first or second embodiment. The related technical details mentioned in the first or second embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and are not described herein again to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the related-art details mentioned in the present embodiment can also be applied to the first or second embodiment.
It should be noted that, all the modules involved in this embodiment are logic modules, and in practical application, one logic unit may be one physical unit, may also be a part of one physical unit, and may also be implemented by a combination of multiple physical units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present application, a unit that is not so closely related to solving the technical problem proposed by the present application is not introduced in the present embodiment, but this does not indicate that there is no other unit in the present embodiment.
A fourth embodiment of the present application relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The computer program when executed by the processor implements the method of calibration of an array antenna as described in the above method embodiments.
That is, as can be understood by those skilled in the art, all or part of the steps in the method of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware to complete, where the program is stored in one device and includes several instructions to enable one device (which may be a single chip, a chip, or the like) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method of the various embodiments of the present application. And the foregoing includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the present application, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application in practice.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calibrating an array antenna, comprising:
constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna to be detected relative to the detection antenna;
testing an antenna directional pattern of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna directional pattern data vector;
calculating the coupled channel amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional diagram data vector to obtain the amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested;
when the amplitude-phase errors obtained by two adjacent calibration tests meet a preset convergence condition, ending the test, and determining a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase errors obtained by two adjacent calibration tests;
and calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
2. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna under test with respect to the probe antenna comprises:
acquiring the array layout of the array antenna to be tested, the specific position relative to the phase center of the rotary table and the actual distance between the array antenna to be tested and the detection antenna to obtain test environment information;
and constructing the array response matrix of the array antenna to be tested relative to the probe antenna according to the test environment information.
3. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to claim 2, wherein before obtaining the test environment information by obtaining the array layout of the array antenna under test, the specific position of the array antenna relative to the phase center of the turntable, and the actual distance between the array antenna and the probe antenna, the method further comprises:
and carrying out zero searching calibration on the rotary table, and calibrating the parallelism and pointing deviation between the array antenna to be tested and the detection antenna.
4. The method for calibrating an array antenna of claim 1, wherein testing the antenna pattern of the array antenna under test to obtain an antenna pattern data vector comprises:
controlling the rotation of a rotary table fixed with the array antenna to be tested according to the spatial position of each spatial sampling point in the antenna directional diagram, controlling a signal transmitting device to transmit a calibration signal, and controlling a signal receiving device to receive the calibration signal;
determining a channel amplitude and phase error corresponding to a current spatial sampling point according to a channel amplitude and phase corresponding to the calibration signal transmitted by the signal transmitting device and a channel amplitude and phase corresponding to the calibration signal received by the signal receiving device, and taking the determined channel amplitude and phase error as directional diagram data corresponding to the current spatial sampling point;
and for each space sampling point, determining a corresponding channel amplitude-phase error according to the mode to obtain the antenna directional pattern data vector.
5. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to claim 1, wherein after calculating the coupled channel amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna under test according to the array response matrix and the antenna pattern data vector to obtain the amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna under test, the method further comprises:
for each array element in the array antenna to be tested, determining a maximum phase fluctuation value and a maximum amplitude fluctuation value according to the amplitude-phase error;
judging whether the maximum phase fluctuation value is not greater than a phase error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition or not and whether the maximum amplitude fluctuation value is not greater than an amplitude error convergence upper limit value specified by the convergence condition or not;
and if so, determining that the amplitude-phase error meets the convergence condition.
6. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight comprises:
receiving beam information in the using process of the array antenna to be calibrated, and generating a beam forming weight corresponding to an analog channel according to the beam information;
and according to the target calibration weight and the beam forming weight, carrying out amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel to realize the calibration of the array antenna to be calibrated.
7. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the performing amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signals of the analog channels according to the target calibration weights and the beamforming weights comprises:
according to the target calibration weight, calibrating the beam forming weight to obtain a target beam forming weight;
and according to the target beam forming weight, carrying out amplitude-phase error compensation processing on the forward signal of the analog channel.
8. The method for calibrating an array antenna according to claim 6, wherein after the amplitude and phase error compensation processing is performed on the forward signals of the analog channels according to the target calibration weights and the beamforming weights, the method further comprises:
performing power amplification processing on the output signal subjected to the amplitude and phase error compensation processing to generate a radio frequency signal meeting the power requirement;
and transmitting the radio frequency signal through the array element in the array antenna to be calibrated.
9. An apparatus for calibrating an array antenna, comprising: the device comprises a target calibration weight value determining module and an array antenna calibration module;
the target calibration weight determining module is used for constructing an array response matrix of the array antenna to be tested relative to the detection antenna;
the target calibration weight determining module is also used for testing an antenna directional pattern of the array antenna to be tested to obtain an antenna directional pattern data vector;
the target calibration weight determining module is further configured to calculate an amplitude-phase error of a channel with coupling of each array element in the array antenna to be tested according to the array response matrix and the antenna directional pattern data vector, so as to obtain an amplitude-phase error of each array element in the array antenna to be tested;
the target calibration weight determining module is further configured to end the test when the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests meets a preset convergence condition, and determine a target calibration weight according to the amplitude-phase error obtained through two adjacent calibration tests;
and the array antenna calibration module is used for calibrating the array antenna to be calibrated according to the target calibration weight.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, implements a method of calibrating an array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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- 2021-07-21 WO PCT/CN2021/107659 patent/WO2022095510A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024000522A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | 上海移远通信技术股份有限公司 | Communication method and terminal device |
| CN114966238A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-30 | 陕西拾贝通讯技术有限公司 | Automatic detection and alignment method for antenna phase center |
| CN117388588A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Engineering measurement system of VHF or UHF frequency band wide beam antenna pattern |
| CN117388588B (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Engineering measurement system of VHF or UHF frequency band wide beam antenna pattern |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2022095510A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
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