CN114520532B - Charger capable of preventing current from flowing backwards - Google Patents
Charger capable of preventing current from flowing backwards Download PDFInfo
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- CN114520532B CN114520532B CN202210204131.6A CN202210204131A CN114520532B CN 114520532 B CN114520532 B CN 114520532B CN 202210204131 A CN202210204131 A CN 202210204131A CN 114520532 B CN114520532 B CN 114520532B
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- comparator
- charger
- protection circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/003—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to reversal of power transmission direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to reversal of direct current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a charger capable of preventing current from flowing backwards, which comprises an electric energy conversion circuit and a protection circuit, wherein the protection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch and a comparator, the first switch is connected with the output end of the electric energy conversion circuit in series, the input end of the comparator detects current flowing through the first switch, the output end of the comparator is connected with the control end of the second switch, when the current direction is reversed, the comparator controls the second switch to be closed, the second switch short-circuits the grid-source electrode of the first switch, and the first switch is turned off. The anti-backflow current switching circuit provided by the invention can quickly respond and quickly turn off the switch at the output end of the charger, cut off the path of the backflow current flowing to the charger and limit the size of the backflow current within an acceptable range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to a charger capable of preventing reverse current.
Background
In the lithium battery charger, in order to guarantee reliable charging and protect the lithium battery, a switch is usually added at the output end of the charger to protect the lithium battery, the switch is usually controlled by an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), and the MCU closes the switch after detecting a fault state. However, when the lithium battery is being charged, if the charger is short-circuited, the MCU detects that the fault state can be disconnected with the lithium battery after the ms-level delay from the fault state to the closing switch, so that the lithium battery is also in the ms-level short-circuit state, and the lithium battery has very large current flowing back into the charger to damage the lithium battery, thereby affecting the service life of the lithium battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a charger capable of preventing reverse current, which can quickly respond, quickly turn off a switch at the output end of the charger, cut off a path of the reverse current flowing to the charger and limit the magnitude of the reverse current within an acceptable range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a prevent charger of flowing backward current, includes the electric energy converting circuit, the electric energy converting circuit carries out the electric energy conversion, still includes protection circuit, protection circuit includes first switch, comparator and second switch, first switch establish ties in the output of electric energy converting circuit, the second switch connect in parallel in between the grid source of first switch, the comparator detects the direction of current that flows in the first switch, works as when the direction of current is the direction of flowing backward current, the comparator control the second switch is closed, first switch turn-off.
In some embodiments, the first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the drain of the first switch, the negative supply terminal of the comparator is connected to the source of the first switch, and the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage.
In some embodiments, the protection circuit further comprises a sampling resistor, the sampling resistor is connected in series with the first switch, and the first input terminal of the comparator is connected with the negative power supply terminal of the comparator after passing through the sampling resistor.
In some embodiments, the first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the negative power supply terminal of the comparator after passing through the sampling resistor and the first switch.
In some embodiments, the protection circuit further comprises a third switch in anti-series with the first switch, the first switch in parallel with the gate of the first switch.
In some embodiments, the power conversion circuit includes a full-bridge rectifier module and a dc-dc converter module, the full-bridge rectifier module and the dc-dc converter module are connected in series, the dc-dc converter module includes a flyback conversion unit, the dc-dc converter module includes a transformer, a primary winding of the transformer is connected in series with a fourth switch and then connected in parallel with an output end of the full-bridge rectifier module, a secondary winding of the transformer is connected in parallel with a first output rectifier filter unit, an output end of the first output rectifier filter unit is connected in series with a first switch and a third switch in the protection circuit and then connected in parallel with an input end of a battery
In some embodiments, the transformer further comprises an auxiliary winding outputting an auxiliary voltage through the second rectifying and filtering unit, the auxiliary voltage supplying power to the protection circuit.
In some embodiments, the positive pole of the auxiliary voltage is connected with the positive pole of the power supply of the comparator, the negative pole of the auxiliary voltage is connected with the negative pole of the power supply of the comparator, and a first diode and a second diode which are connected in series in the same direction are connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply of the comparator in parallel.
In some embodiments, the protection circuit further comprises a shielding unit that controls the second switch to turn off during a short period of time when the first and third switches have just been turned on.
When the battery is charged and the reverse current flows to the charger, the reverse current prevention switch circuit quickly responds and quickly turns off the switch at the output end of the charger, cuts off the path of the reverse current flowing to the charger and limits the magnitude of the reverse current within an acceptable range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charger according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charger according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charger according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the charger provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the charger according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10,20,30,40,50-protection circuit, 101-switch module, 102-switch protection module;
11,21,31,41,51-power conversion circuit,
12,23,33,43,53-cell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like (if any) in this disclosure are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the subject matter described herein are, for example, capable of operation in other sequences than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Further, wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
As shown in fig. 1, the charger of the present invention includes an electric energy conversion circuit 11 and a protection circuit 10, an output end of the electric energy conversion circuit 11 is connected in series with the protection circuit 10 and then connected in parallel with a battery 12, the protection circuit 10 includes a switch S1, the switch S1 is connected in series with an output end of the electric energy conversion circuit 11, when the electric energy conversion circuit 11 charges the battery 12, the switch S1 is turned on, and when the battery 12 outputs a backward current, the switch S1 is turned off. The protection circuit 10 further comprises a comparator U1, the comparator U1 samples a current Io at an output end of the electric energy conversion circuit 11, when the current Io flows from the battery 12 to the electric energy conversion circuit 11, the comparator U1 outputs a high level to a control end of a switch S3, the switch S3 is turned on, the switch S3 is connected in parallel with a gate source electrode of the switch S1, the switch S3 is turned on, the switch S1 is reliably turned off, and the battery 12 is disconnected with the electric energy conversion circuit 11. As shown in fig. 1, the positive input terminal of the comparator U1 is connected to one terminal of the switch S1, the negative input terminal of the comparator U1 receives a reference voltage Vref, the reference voltage Vref is referenced to the voltage at the source terminal of the switch S1, and the negative power supply terminal of the comparator is connected to the terminal P1. In one embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the reference voltage Vref is obtained by rectifying, filtering and linearly stabilizing the winding N2. The comparator U1 collects the voltage of the terminal P2 in real time, and the voltage of the terminal P2 is the voltage of the terminal P1 as the reference ground, namely the voltage V between the drain and the source of the switch S1 b =I o *R ds Wherein, I o For charging current flowing from terminal P1 to terminal P2, R ds Is the on-resistance of switch S1, voltage U b If the voltage is negative, the comparator U1 outputs low level, and the switch S3 is turned off; when the current Io flows from the terminal P2 to the terminal P1, the voltage U b Positive, the comparator U1 outputs a high level and the switch S3 is turned on.
As shown in fig. 1, the output terminal of the power conversion circuit 11 is connected in parallel with the battery 12 via the capacitor C3.
The protection circuit 10 further includes a resistor R1, where the resistor R1 is connected in parallel between the gate and the source of the switch S1, and is used for discharging between the gate and the source of the switch S1 and reducing impedance between the gate and the source, so as to prevent false turn-on.
The protection circuit 10 further comprises a diode D1, the diode D1 is connected with the output end of the comparator U1 in series, when the comparator U1 outputs a high level, the diode D1 is conducted and charges the capacitor C1, when the voltage of the capacitor C1 reaches the driving conducting voltage of the switch S3, the switch S3 is conducted, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the gate-source electrode of the switch S3, the resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, and when the diode D1 is disconnected, the resistor R3 is discharged by the capacitor C1.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the on-resistance of the switch S1 is used as the detection resistance of the backward current, please refer to fig. 2 again, unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the resistance Rs is connected in series with the switch S1, and the comparator U1 detects the voltage at the two ends of the switch S1 and the resistance Rs, that is, U1 b =I o *(R ds + Rs) to improve the control accuracy of the circuit.
Referring to fig. 4 again, unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the comparator U1 detects the voltage across the resistor Rs, i.e. U b =I o *Rs。
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the switch S1 and the switch S2 are connected in series, and the switch S1 and the switch S2 are turned on simultaneously when the power conversion circuit 31 charges the battery 32. The switch S1 prevents the current of the battery from flowing backwards to enter the electric energy conversion circuit to be output, and the switch S2 prevents the electric energy conversion circuit from still charging the battery after the battery is reversely connected.
In the present invention, FIG. 1 shows a backward flow of current I dg Can pass throughExpressed by the following expression (1), FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 reverse flow current I dg Expressed by the following expression (2), by setting the appropriate Vref, the backward flow current I can be limited dg The value of (c).
I dg =V ref /R ds (1)
I dg =V ref /(R ds +R s ) (2)
The protection circuits 10,20,30 and 40 provided by the invention allow the current Io to flow from the end P4 to the end P2, when the current Io flows from the end P2 to the end P4, the backward flow current is generated, and the allowable current is smaller than the backward flow current I dg When the current Io is a backward flow current and is larger than I dg The protection circuits 10,20,30 and 40 will quickly control the switches S1 and S2 to be turned off. The protection circuit provided by the present invention is not limited to the circuit configurations shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and 4, and any circuit configuration similar to the circuit configurations shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and 4 or similar in operation principle is within the protection scope of the present invention, such as replacing the switches S1, S2 and S3 in the present invention with other switches to make corresponding changes in the circuit configuration, or exchanging the signals of the positive and negative terminals of the comparator U1 to make corresponding replacements of other switches or circuits, and the basic operation principle is still similar to that of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a charger, and the power conversion circuit 51 includes a full-bridge rectification module 511 and a dc-dc conversion module 512, where the full-bridge rectification module 511 and the dc-dc conversion module 512 are connected in series. The full-bridge rectifier module 511 includes diodes D4-D7, and the dc-dc converter module 512 includes a flyback conversion unit, the dc-dc converter module 512 includes transformer T1, the primary winding of transformer T1 is parallelly connected with the output of full-bridge rectifier module 511 after establishing ties with switch S4, the secondary winding N1 of transformer T1 is parallelly connected with output rectifier and filter unit 5121, and the output of output rectifier and filter unit 5121 is parallelly connected with battery 52 input after establishing ties with switch S1 and switch S2 in protection circuit 50, wherein, switch S1 and switch S2 are reverse to be established ties. The transformer T1 further includes an auxiliary winding N2, and the auxiliary winding N2 outputs an auxiliary voltage Vs through the rectifying and filtering unit 5122, and the auxiliary voltage Vs supplies power to the protection circuit 50.
When the battery 52 needs to be charged, the MCU control module 5021 first detects whether a fault occurs in the charger, such as whether the output capacitor C3 is short-circuited, and if no fault occurs, the MCU control module 5021 outputs a high level to the optocoupler U2 to control the switches S1 and S2 to be turned on, and the current input from the charger to the battery 52 flows from the terminal P4 to the terminal P2. When the comparator U1 detects that the voltage between the drain electrode and the source electrode of the switch S1 is a negative value, the comparator U1 outputs a low level, and the switch S3 is turned off. If a fault occurs, the battery 42 is prevented from generating backward flow current, firstly, the comparator U1 detects that the voltage between the drain and source electrodes of the switch S1 is positive, the comparator U1 outputs high level, the switch S3 is closed, the gate and source electrodes of the switch S1 are short-circuited, the switch S1 is reliably turned off, secondly, the MCU 5021 outputs low level through operation after detecting the fault, and also the switch S1 and the switch S2 are controlled to be turned off.
An output positive electrode of the auxiliary power supply module 4122 is connected with a power supply positive electrode of the comparator U1, an output negative electrode of the auxiliary power supply module 4122 is connected with a power supply negative electrode of the comparator U1, diodes D2 and D3 which are connected in series in the same direction are connected between the power supply positive electrode and the power supply negative electrode of the comparator U1 in parallel, and a forward input end of the comparator U1 detects backward flowing current through a resistor R2. And a resistor R4 is connected in parallel between the output end of the comparator U1 and the power supply anode thereof, and the resistor R4 is used as a pull-up resistor. The output positive pole of the auxiliary power supply module 5122 is connected with one end of the output side of the optocoupler U2, the other end of the output side is connected with the gates of the switches S1 and S2, and the input side of the optocoupler U2 is connected with the output end of the MCU control module. The output cathode of the auxiliary power module 5122 is connected to the series midpoint of the switches S1 and S2.
One end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the output end of the optocoupler U2, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with the gate of the switch S5, the resistor R7 is connected between the gate and the source of the switch S5 in parallel, when the battery 52 needs to be charged, the optocoupler U2 outputs a high level to drive the switches S1 and S2 to be switched on, the optocoupler U2 outputs a small period of high level, the current flows in the capacitor C5, and a voltage drop is generated on the resistor R7 to switch on the switch S5, because the optocoupler U2 outputs a direct current, after a small period of time, the direct current of the capacitor C5 is blocked, the current flowing through the resistor R7 is zero, so that the switch S5 is switched off, and then the shielding unit 5011 works within a small period of time when the switch S1 is switched on, the gate voltage of the switch S3 is pulled down for a small period of time, and the switch S3 is controlled to be switched off, so that the switches S1 and S2 are not switched off by mistake, and the shielding unit 5011 stops working after a small period of time.
When the battery is charged and the backward current flows to the charger, the backward current prevention switching circuit quickly responds and quickly turns off the switch at the output end of the charger, so that the path of the backward current flowing to the charger is cut off, and the magnitude of the backward current is limited within an acceptable range.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A charger capable of preventing current from flowing backwards comprises an electric energy conversion circuit, and is characterized by further comprising a protection circuit, wherein the protection circuit comprises a first switch, a comparator and a second switch, the first switch is connected in series with the output end of the electric energy conversion circuit, the second switch is connected in parallel between grid and source electrodes of the first switch, the comparator detects the direction of current flowing in the first switch, when the direction of the current is the direction of the current flowing backwards, the comparator controls the second switch to be closed, and the first switch is turned off; the first input end of the comparator is connected with the drain electrode of the first switch, the power supply negative end of the comparator is connected with the source electrode of the first switch, and the second input end of the comparator is connected with a reference voltage.
2. The charger of claim 1, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a sampling resistor, the sampling resistor is connected in series with the first switch, and a first input terminal of the comparator is connected to a negative power supply terminal of the comparator after passing through the sampling resistor.
3. The reverse current prevention charger according to claim 2, wherein the first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the negative power supply terminal of the comparator after passing through the sampling resistor and the first switch.
4. The reverse current prevention charger according to claim 3, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a third switch connected in series with the first switch in reverse, and the first switch is connected in parallel with a gate of the first switch.
5. The charger of claim 1, wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a full-bridge rectification module and a dc-dc conversion module, the full-bridge rectification module and the dc-dc conversion module are connected in series, the dc-dc conversion module comprises a flyback conversion unit, the dc-dc conversion module comprises a transformer, a primary winding of the transformer is connected in series with a fourth switch and then connected in parallel with an output terminal of the full-bridge rectification module, a secondary winding of the transformer is connected in parallel with a first output rectification filter unit, and an output terminal of the first output rectification filter unit is connected in series with a first switch and a third switch of the protection circuit and then connected in parallel with an input terminal of the battery.
6. The reverse current prevention charger according to claim 5, wherein the transformer further comprises an auxiliary winding, the auxiliary winding outputs an auxiliary voltage through the second rectifying and filtering unit, and the auxiliary voltage supplies power to the protection circuit.
7. The reverse current prevention charger according to claim 6, wherein the positive pole of the auxiliary voltage is connected to the positive power supply pole of the comparator, the negative pole of the auxiliary voltage is connected to the negative power supply pole of the comparator, and the first diode and the second diode are connected in series in the same direction between the positive power supply pole and the negative power supply pole of the comparator.
8. The charger of claim 7, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a shielding unit, and the shielding unit controls the second switch to turn off during a short period of time when the first and third switches are just turned on.
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CN114977401A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-30 | 天津望圆智能科技股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly charging swimming pool cleaning machine |
CN115622204B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-10 | 深圳市百度电子有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted charger and method for lithium battery automobile |
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CN105914868B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2019-05-14 | 西安科技大学 | Super capacitor energy-storage uninterruptible power supply and its method of supplying power to based on current transformer |
CN105915056A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-31 | 武汉新芯集成电路制造有限公司 | Boost circuit preventing reverse current |
CN109149523B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2024-02-20 | 合肥华耀电子工业有限公司 | Self-recovery type overcurrent protection circuit |
CN113258648B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江富特科技股份有限公司 | Circuit for preventing battery voltage loss of output side of vehicle-mounted DCDC converter |
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