CN114487475A - 用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种系统包含存储流体的流体源和联接到所述流体源且被配置成使所述流体从中通过的流体管线。所述系统包含在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的气泡检测器,所述气泡检测器被配置成检测所述流体中存在的气泡并生成气泡检测信号。所述系统还包含在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的阀,所述阀被配置成在第一配置与第二配置之间切换,其中在所述第一配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过所述流体管线,并且在所述第二配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过排放管线。所述系统还包含联接到所述气泡检测器和所述阀的控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收所述气泡检测信号并基于所述气泡检测信号控制所述阀。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统。
背景技术
需要透析的患者可以使用腹膜透析(PD)、血液透析和血液滤过治疗来进行治疗。腹膜透析(PD)是使腹膜透析流体(即,透析液)循环进出腹膜腔以在患者腹膜间进行交换的透析治疗。毒素和代谢废物在注入腹膜的流体与血管化的腹膜之间交换。
血液透析和血液滤过系统使血液和透析液循环通过具有分离血液和透析液的滤膜的透析器。毒素和代谢废物通过透析器膜在透析液与循环通过透析器的血液之间进行交换。
这些治疗是使用PD和血液透析系统进行的,所述系统可包含用于从水中制备治疗期间使用的流体的受控流动路径。可以制备以下溶液中的一种或多种:腹膜透析流体、预充溶液、用于接触血液的生理相容溶液、用于输注到受试者体内的生理相容溶液、用于将血液冲洗回受试者的溶液等。
由于透析液直接引入到人体和/或通过膜与血液接触,因此要求透析液不含生物和化学污染物。透析液还需要含有特定浓度的溶质和阳离子,以实现生物相容性和进行膜交换。
传统的腹膜透析系统需要预先包装好的透析液,这种透析液由于制造、装运和存储成本高昂因而价格昂贵。需要被配置成按需自动生成透析液和其它生物相容溶液的腹膜透析系统和血液透析系统,以确保生成的溶液满足高纯度和无菌要求。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种用于测量任何流体计量或处理设备中的流体流量的系统,例如血液透析或腹膜透析系统。
具体地说,所述系统可用于在从液体或干浓缩物中制备透析期间使用的透析液或任何其它溶液期间计量水。所述系统包含声流量计,所述声流量计联接到流体管线以测量从流体源通过流体管线的流速。声流量计测量流体流中超声波信号的飞行时间以确定流体的流速。虽然非常准确,但声流量计可能会受到流体中存在气泡的影响。所述系统包含在流量计上游流体联接到流体管线的除泡器。术语“流体联接”和“流体连接”是指将流体或气体从一个点传递到另一点的能力。两个点可以处于所有任何类型的隔室、模块、系统、和组件中的任一个或多个内或之间。
除泡器被配置成在流体到达流量计之前从流体中捕获和去除气泡。所述系统还包含联接到流体管线的气泡检测器和阀。气泡检测器安置在流量计的上游和除泡器的下游。术语“下游”是指第一组件在流动路径中相对于第二组件的位置,其中在正常操作期间流体将在通过第一组件之前通过第二组件。因此,第一组件被称为在第二组件的“下游”,而第二组件在第一组件的“上游”。
阀安置在气泡检测器的下游和流量计的上游。阀可以是三通阀,所述三通阀被配置成控制通过流体管线和联接到流体管线的排放管线的流体的流动。阀由控制器基于来自气泡检测器的信号进行控制。响应于气泡检测,即气泡检测信号高于阈值,控制器将流体流切换到排放管线中。在气泡检测信号下降到阈值以下之后,控制器将流体流切换为通过流体管线。因此,所述系统利用除泡器捕获流体中的气泡,但在气泡通过除泡器的情况下,气泡检测器检测到空气的存在并改变阀的位置以排出一部分含有气泡的流体。
根据本公开的系统减少了声流量计的流速测量中的误差。流量计读数的误差减少继而最小化和/或消除透析液制备期间的浓度误差。如上文所指出,透析液可以通过重构—即稀释透析液浓缩物来制备。这可以通过以每分钟约50毫升至约500毫升的流速向浓缩物中添加水来完成。
根据本公开的一个实施例,公开了一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统。所述系统包含存储流体的流体源和联接到所述流体源且被配置成使流体从中通过的流体管线。所述系统还包含在流体源下游联接到流体管线的气泡检测器,所述气泡检测器被配置成检测流体中存在的气泡并生成气泡检测信号。所述系统还包含在流体源下游联接到流体管线的阀,所述阀被配置成在第一配置与第二配置之间切换,其中在第一配置中,所述阀被配置成引导流体通过流体管线,并且在第二配置中,所述阀被配置成引导流体通过排放管线。所述系统还包含联接到气泡检测器和阀的控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收气泡检测信号并基于所述气泡检测信号控制阀。
上述实施例的实施方案可包含以下特征中的一个或多个。控制器可进一步被配置成执行气泡检测信号与阈值的比较。控制器可进一步被配置成基于气泡检测信号超过阈值来确定流体中存在至少一个气泡。控制器可进一步被配置成响应于气泡检测信号高于阈值而将阀切换到第二配置。控制器可进一步被配置成响应于气泡检测信号低于阈值而将阀切换到第一配置。所述系统还可包含在阀下游联接到流体管线的流量计,所述流量计被配置成测量流体的流速并向控制器提供流速信号。流量计可以是声流量计和/或光流量计中的一种。所述系统可包含联接到流体管线且被配置成使流体从流体源移动通过流体管线的泵。控制器可进一步被配置成基于流速信号控制泵。
根据本公开的另一实施例,公开了一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统。所述系统包含存储流体的流体源和联接到所述流体源且被配置成使流体从中通过的流体管线。所述系统还包含:在流体源下游联接到流体管线的气泡检测器,所述气泡检测器被配置成检测流体中存在的气泡并生成气泡检测信号;以及在流体源下游联接到流体管线的阀,所述阀被配置成在第一配置与第二配置之间切换,其中在第一配置中,所述阀被配置成引导流体通过流体管线,并且在第二配置中,所述阀被配置成引导流体通过排放管线。所述系统还包含联接到气泡检测器和阀的控制器。控制器被配置成:接收气泡检测信号;响应于气泡检测信号低于指示流体中存在气泡的阈值而将阀切换到第一配置;以及响应于气泡检测信号高于指示流体中存在气泡的阈值而将阀切换到第二配置。
上述实施例的实施方案可包含以下特征中的一个或多个。所述系统可包含在阀下游联接到流体管线的流量计,所述流量计被配置成测量流体的流速并向控制器提供流速信号。流量计可以是声流量计和/或光流量计。所述系统可包含联接到流体管线且被配置成使流体从流体源移动通过流体管线的泵。控制器可进一步被配置成基于流速信号控制泵。
根据本公开的另外的实施例,公开了一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的方法。所述方法包含将流体从流体源供应到联接到流体源的流体管线,以及于在流体源下游联接到流体管线的气泡检测器处检测流体中存在的气泡。所述方法还包含将气泡检测信号从气泡检测器传输到控制器。所述方法还包含由控制器控制在流体源下游联接到流体管线的阀。控制阀还包含:将阀切换到第一配置,其中阀被配置成响应于气泡检测信号低于指示流体中存在气泡的阈值而引导流体通过流体管线;以及将阀切换到第二配置,其中阀被配置成响应于气泡检测信号高于指示流体中存在气泡的阈值而引导流体通过排放管线。
上述实施例的实施方案可包含以下特征中的一个或多个。所述方法可包含于在阀下游联接到流体管线的流量计处测量流体的流速。所述方法还可包含将流速信号从流量计传输到控制器。流量计可以是声流量计和/或光流量计。所述方法还可包含经由联接到流体管线的泵将流体从流体源泵送通过流体管线。所述方法还可包含基于流速信号控制泵。
附图说明
在本文中参考附图描述本公开的实施例,附图中:
图1是根据本公开的用于生成生理流体的系统的示意图;并且
图2是根据本公开的操作图1的系统的方法。
具体实施方式
参考图1,示出用于生成例如腹膜透析流体等生理溶液的系统10。所述系统包含流体源11,例如水箱。使用泵16将流体通过除泡器14从流体源11泵送到流体管线12中。泵16安置在流体源11的下游并且可以是用于泵送流体的任何合适的泵,例如齿轮泵、活塞泵等。泵16可安置在除泡器14的下游或上游。除泡器14可以是被配置成分离空气和水的任何分叉室。除泡器14可联接到被配置成从除泡器14排出空气的任选的排气阀18。除泡器14还可包含被配置成测量除泡器14内压力的任选的压力传感器19。排气阀18和压力传感器19可由机械排气口代替。
系统10还包含联接到排气阀18和压力传感器19的控制器20。控制器20被配置成从压力传感器19接收压力测量并基于来自压力传感器19的反馈来控制排气阀18。控制器20可包含以可操作方式连接到存储器(未示出)的任何合适的处理器(未示出),所述存储器可包含易失性、非易失性、磁性、光学或电介质中的一个或多个,例如只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、非易失性RAM(NVRAM)或快闪存储器。所述处理器可以是适于执行本公开中所描述的操作、计算和/或指令集的任何合适处理器(例如控制电路),包含但不限于硬件处理器、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、中央处理单元(CPU)、微处理器和其组合。本领域的技术人员将了解,可以通过使用适于执行本文中所描述的算法、计算和/或指令集的任何逻辑处理器(例如控制电路)来取代处理器。在实施例中,控制器可包含分立电子组件、全模拟组件、非微控制器或数字组件。
控制器20联接到泵16且被配置成控制泵16工作的流速。控制器20还联接到系统10的其它组件,并且被配置成从各种传感器接收输入并控制阀和其它流动控制装置。
系统10还包含在流体管线12上安置在除泡器14和泵16下游的气泡检测器22。气泡检测器22可以是声和/或光气泡检测器。气泡检测器22被配置成基于通过流体管线12传输的声和/或光信号的中断来检测流体中气泡的存在。气泡检测器22联接到控制器20且被配置成向控制器20提供测量信号,指示在流过流体管线12的流体中存在气泡。
排放阀24在流体管线12上安置在气泡检测器22的下游。在实施例中,排放阀24可由多个电子阀或流量控制装置的任何其它合适的组合代替以避免将空气引入流体管线12。排放阀24可以是可由控制器20控制的三通电磁阀。排放阀24被配置成在流体流过流体管线12的第一配置中和在流体流到排放管线26的第二配置中操作。
系统10还包含流量计28,所述流量计可以是声和/或光流量计,或易受流体中存在的气泡影响的任何其它仪表,所述气泡会影响流量计28的准确性。流量计28联接到控制器20且被配置成向控制器20提供指示通过流体管线12的流速的信号。控制器20被配置成基于用以计量从流体源11供应的流体的所测量流速来控制泵16。流体可被供应到下游以与从浓缩物源30供应的透析液浓缩物混合,从而形成透析液。在实施例中,流体可用于混合任何其它合适的生理溶液以供在例如腹膜透析或血液透析的透析期间使用。
参考图2,用于控制系统10的方法开始于向控制器20提供计量来自流体源11的流体的命令。这可以响应于从主控制器(未示出)提供到控制器20的治疗初始化命令而完成。所述命令可包含从流体源11供应一定总量的流体。控制器20计算用于实现所请求的流体量的流速,并且将泵16设置为在计算出的流速下操作。一旦泵16被启动,流体流动就开始,并且流体流过除泡器14并随后流过气泡检测器22。气泡检测器22持续监测流体中的气泡,例如每1毫秒监测一次,并将信号提供到控制器20。控制器20将来自气泡检测器22的气泡检测信号与阈值进行比较以确定流体中是否存在气泡。如果控制器20基于气泡检测信号超过阈值而检测到气泡存在,则控制器20向排放阀24发送信号以切换到第二配置以允许流体流到排放管线26。排放阀24维持在第二配置中直到控制器20确定流体不再具有任何气泡。气泡检测器22继续将气泡检测信号传输到控制器20。如果控制器20确定信号下降到阈值以下,指示流体中不存在气泡,则控制器20向排放阀24发送信号以切换成第一配置,在所述第一配置中,排放阀24允许流体流过流体管线12。控制器20继续操作泵16,直到泵16计量了所请求的流体量,所述所请求的流体量是由控制器20基于流量计28供应的流速信号计算的。
应当理解,本文公开的各个方面可以与说明书和附图中具体呈现的组合不同的组合进行组合。还应当理解,视示例而定,本文所描述的任何过程或方法的某些动作或事件可以以不同顺序执行,可以添加、合并或完全省略(例如,所有描述的动作或事件对于执行技术可能不是必需的)。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统,包括:
存储流体的流体源;
流体管线,其联接到所述流体源且被配置成使所述流体从中通过;
在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的气泡检测器,所述气泡检测器被配置成检测所述流体中存在的气泡并生成气泡检测信号;
在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的阀,所述阀被配置成在第一配置与第二配置之间切换,其中在所述第一配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过所述流体管线,并且在所述第二配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过排放管线;以及
联接到所述气泡检测器和所述阀的控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收所述气泡检测信号并基于所述气泡检测信号控制所述阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制器进一步被配置成执行所述气泡检测信号与阈值的比较。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述控制器进一步被配置成基于所述气泡检测信号超过所述阈值而确定所述流体中存在至少一个气泡。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述控制器进一步被配置成响应于所述气泡检测信号高于所述阈值而将所述阀切换到所述第二配置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述控制器进一步被配置成响应于所述气泡检测信号低于所述阈值而将所述阀切换到所述第一配置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
在所述阀下游联接到所述流体管线的流量计,所述流量计被配置成测量所述流体的流速并向所述控制器提供流速信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述流量计为声流量计或光流量计中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括泵,所述泵联接到所述流体管线且被配置成使所述流体从所述流体源移动通过所述流体管线。
9.根据权利要求6所述的系统,还包括泵,所述泵联接到所述流体管线且被配置成使所述流体从所述流体源移动通过所述流体管线,其中所述控制器被配置成基于所述流速信号来控制所述泵。
10.一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的系统,包括:
存储流体的流体源;
流体管线,其联接到所述流体源且被配置成使所述流体从中通过;
在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的气泡检测器,所述气泡检测器被配置成检测所述流体中存在的气泡并生成气泡检测信号;
在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的阀,所述阀被配置成在第一配置与第二配置之间切换,其中在所述第一配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过所述流体管线,并且在所述第二配置中,所述阀引导所述流体通过排放管线;
联接到所述气泡检测器和所述阀的控制器,所述控制器被配置成:
接收所述气泡检测信号;
响应于所述气泡检测信号低于指示所述流体中存在所述气泡的阈值而将所述阀切换到所述第一配置;以及
响应于所述气泡检测信号高于指示所述流体中存在所述气泡的所述阈值而将所述阀切换到所述第二配置。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统,还包括:
在所述阀下游联接到所述流体管线的流量计,所述流量计被配置成测量所述流体的流速并向所述控制器提供流速信号。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述流量计为声流量计或光流量计中的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求10所述的系统,还包括泵,所述泵联接到所述流体管线且被配置成使所述流体从所述流体源移动通过所述流体管线。
14.根据权利要求11所述的系统,还包括泵,所述泵联接到所述流体管线且被配置成使所述流体从所述流体源移动通过所述流体管线,其中所述控制器被配置成基于所述流速信号来控制所述泵。
15.一种用于计量透析装置中的流体的方法,所述方法包括:
将流体从流体源供应到联接到所述流体源的流体管线;
于在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的气泡检测器处检测所述流体中存在的气泡;
将气泡检测信号从所述气泡检测器传输到控制器;以及
控制在所述流体源下游联接到所述流体管线的阀,以:
响应于所述气泡检测信号低于指示所述流体中存在所述气泡的阈值而将阀切换到第一配置,在所述第一配置中所述阀引导所述流体通过所述流体管线;以及
响应于所述气泡检测信号高于指示所述流体中存在所述气泡的所述阈值而将所述阀切换到第二配置,在所述第二配置中所述阀引导所述流体通过排放管线。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括:
于在所述阀下游联接到所述流体管线的流量计处测量所述流体的流速。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:
将流速信号从所述流量计传输到所述控制器。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述流量计为声流量计或光流量计中的至少一种。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:
经由联接到所述流体管线的泵将所述流体从所述流体源泵送通过所述流体管线。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括:
基于所述流速信号控制所述泵。
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