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CN114460602A - Near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system and method - Google Patents

Near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system and method Download PDF

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CN114460602A
CN114460602A CN202210046598.2A CN202210046598A CN114460602A CN 114460602 A CN114460602 A CN 114460602A CN 202210046598 A CN202210046598 A CN 202210046598A CN 114460602 A CN114460602 A CN 114460602A
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高飞
杨帆
华灯鑫
汪丽
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Xian University of Technology
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    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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Abstract

The invention discloses a Raman laser radar system for near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection, which comprises a laser emission subsystem, a side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and a data acquisition and inversion subsystem; the laser emission subsystem can emit laser with a specific wavelength and vertically emit the laser to the atmosphere; the lateral telescope group receiving and light splitting subsystem is used for receiving, separating, extracting, detecting and extracting pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of high and low quantum number channels relative to the lateral scattering of the laser luminescence spectrum; and the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is connected with the side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and is used for acquiring side pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals with high and low quantum channels relative to the laser emission spectrum and performing data inversion of atmospheric temperature. A near-formation blind-zone-free temperature detection Raman laser radar method is also disclosed.

Description

Near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric temperature detection, and particularly relates to a near-formation non-blind-area atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system and a near-formation non-blind-area atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar method.
Background
The atmospheric temperature is an important meteorological and atmospheric physical parameter, and various natural weather phenomena such as physical chemistry, weather forecast and the like, atmospheric state changes and environmental detection which occur in the atmosphere can be researched through the atmospheric temperature parameter. Especially, the atmospheric temperature at the bottom and the middle of the troposphere is closely related to human life, and the change of the atmospheric temperature indirectly reflects the change of the ozone concentration, so that the extreme weather is frequently generated all over the world under the global warming trend in recent years. Therefore, the real-time detection of the high space-time resolution of the atmospheric temperature is carried out, and the deep research on the atmospheric science and the correlation between the global warming and the extreme weather has very important significance.
The pure rotation Raman laser radar is a method for measuring the atmospheric temperature profile by utilizing the laser radar technology, but the traditional backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar cannot detect the low-level atmospheric temperature information when measuring the atmospheric temperature due to the existence of a dead zone and a transition zone of a geometric overlapping factor. Therefore, the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar has certain limitation on the implementation of the whole-layer atmospheric temperature detection, particularly the low-layer atmospheric temperature detection. In order to realize non-blind area detection, a laser radar receiving system is redesigned, and the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar technology is adopted to realize low-layer atmospheric temperature detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system to realize near-formation atmospheric temperature detection.
The invention also aims to provide a near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar method.
The Raman laser radar system for detecting the near-formation non-blind-zone atmospheric temperature is characterized by comprising a laser transmitting subsystem, a side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and a data acquisition and inversion subsystem;
the laser emission subsystem can emit laser with a specific wavelength and vertically emits the laser to the atmosphere;
the side telescope group receiving and light splitting subsystem is used for receiving, separating, extracting, detecting and extracting pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of the side scattering high and low quantum number channels relative to the laser luminescence spectrum;
and the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is connected with the side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and is used for acquiring side pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals with high and low quantum channels relative to the laser emission spectrum and performing data inversion of atmospheric temperature.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the laser emission subsystem comprises a laser, a laser beam expander and a 45-degree total reflection mirror; the laser, the laser beam expander and the 45-degree total reflection mirror are placed on the same horizontal plane, and horizontal laser emitted by the laser vertically emits to the atmosphere after passing through the laser beam expander and the 45-degree total reflection mirror; the 45-degree total reflection mirror is an electrically adjustable 45-degree total reflection mirror.
The laser is a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser.
The lateral telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem comprises an electric adjustable pitching support, two lateral telescope groups are mounted on the electric adjustable pitching support, each lateral telescope group comprises two lateral telescopes, and a first lens a, a first optical filter a, a second lens a and a PMT photoelectric detector a are sequentially mounted behind a light outlet of one of the lateral telescopes; a first lens b, a first optical filter b, a second lens b and a PMT photoelectric detector b are sequentially arranged behind the light outlet of the other side telescope; PMT photodetector a records the side direction pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the side scattering high quantum number channel relative to the laser emission spectrum, and PMT photodetector b records the side direction pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the side scattering low quantum number channel relative to the laser emission spectrum.
The high quantum channel center wavelength of the first filter a and the second filter a is: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum negative change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 degrees to 7 degrees;
the low quantum channel center wavelengths of the first optical filter b and the second optical filter b are as follows: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum positive change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 to 7 degrees.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the near-formation non-blind-zone atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, initializing a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar;
step 2, receiving data of each height layer by the pitching rotating platform through the side telescope group to be a direct current level signal; fitting all collected level signals through the side Raman scattering echo signals received by the telescope at a pitch angle theta of 0-90 degrees at every rotation angle, so as to obtain the side Raman scattering echo signals;
step 3, optimizing a calibration function of the lateral pure-rotation Raman laser radar for detecting the atmospheric temperature;
step 4, acquiring a low-layer atmospheric temperature profile through a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering atmospheric temperature detection laser radar inversion algorithm;
step 5, calculating uncertainty of the lateral pure rotation Raman atmospheric temperature;
and 6, splicing the low-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar and the high-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar to obtain the whole-floor atmosphere temperature profile and realize non-blind-zone detection.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, fitting functions with y lnQ (z, T) and x 1/T can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003469166690000041
And 3.2, adding the term x to be 1/T, and then calibrating a function as follows:
Figure BDA0003469166690000042
temperature T can be obtainedCF1The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000043
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003469166690000044
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, Q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure BDA0003469166690000045
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000046
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyr(theta) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels,
Figure BDA0003469166690000047
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients;
in step 3.3, when y is added to lnQ (z, T), the calibration function is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000048
temperature T can be obtainedCF2The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000049
in the formula:
Figure BDA00034691666900000410
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, Q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure BDA00034691666900000411
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000051
the scattering wavelengths of the low and high quantum channels respectively,
Figure BDA0003469166690000052
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, Δ frAnd (theta) is the ratio of pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients.
Step 4 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 4.1, the pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the lateral high-low quantum channel can be obtained through the geometric structure of the lateral Raman scattering laser radar
Figure BDA0003469166690000053
And
Figure BDA0003469166690000054
the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003469166690000055
Figure BDA0003469166690000056
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003469166690000057
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000058
signal power, E, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively0The power of a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser, z is the detection height, theta is the scattering angle, J is the number of rotating quanta, A is the receiving area of the telescope, K is the system constant, and D is the lateral telescopeThe horizontal distance between the mirror and the vertical laser beam, T is the temperature, N (z) is the atmospheric molecular number density,
Figure BDA0003469166690000059
represents the ratio of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the low quantum channel to the atmospheric volume,
Figure BDA00034691666900000510
represents the ratio of the volume of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the high quantum channel to the volume of the atmosphere, sigmai(J, T) shows the pure rotating Raman line backscattering cross-section of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules, fL(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the low quantum channel, fH(theta) is the purely rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, lambda0For laser emission wavelength, Tz(z,λ0) In order to go to the atmospheric air transmission rate,
Figure BDA00034691666900000511
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA00034691666900000512
is the atmospheric transmittance of the high quantum channel, d theta is the angle of view of the side telescope,
Figure BDA00034691666900000513
and
Figure BDA00034691666900000514
scattering wavelengths of the low quantum channel and the high quantum channel, respectively;
and 4.2, extracting single spectral lines in the high and low quantum number channels respectively, wherein the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signal ratio Q (T, z) is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000061
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003469166690000062
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000063
raman scattering signal power, sigma (J), of lateral high and low quantum channels respectivelyLT) and σ (J)HT) purely rotating Raman spectrum backscattering cross-section for low and high quantum channels,. DELTA.fr(theta) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels,
Figure BDA0003469166690000064
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, T is the temperature,
Figure BDA0003469166690000065
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000066
scattering wavelengths of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel are respectively, and A and B are respectively calibration coefficients deduced by theoretical definition;
step 4.3, the temperature T can be obtained and is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000067
in the formula: q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure BDA0003469166690000068
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure BDA0003469166690000069
and
Figure BDA00034691666900000610
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyr(theta) is the ratio of the phase functions of the laterally pure rolling Raman scattering high and low quantum number channels, T is the temperature, A and B are derived from the theoretical definitionAnd (5) deriving a calibration coefficient.
Δfr(θ) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, expressed as:
Figure BDA00034691666900000611
in the formula (f)L(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the low quantum channel, fH(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, betaL(θ,λL) And betaH(θ,λH) The side scattering coefficient, beta, of the low and high quantum channels, respectivelyL(λL) And betaH(λH) Backscattering coefficients of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel, respectively;
Figure BDA0003469166690000071
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000072
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003469166690000073
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA0003469166690000074
is the atmospheric transmission rate of the high quantum channel, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure BDA0003469166690000075
is the extinction coefficient of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA0003469166690000076
is the extinction coefficient of the high quantum channel, and z is the detection height;
in step 5, the temperature measurement uncertainty Δ T of the lateral pure rotational raman can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000077
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003469166690000078
is the ratio of the signal intensities of high and low quantum numbers of lateral pure rotational Raman1And Q2The ratio of the signal intensity of the lower side pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum number channels is determined,
Figure BDA0003469166690000079
and
Figure BDA00034691666900000710
signal power, T, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively1And T2The first and second calculated temperatures, respectively.
Step 6 is implemented according to the following steps:
respectively correcting high and low quantum channel echo signals of lateral pure rotational Raman scattering by using a phase function, converting the signals into high and low quantum channel echo signals of backward pure rotational Raman scattering, and performing inversion on low-level and high-level data to obtain a normalized atmospheric temperature profile;
or the like, or, alternatively,
method two, splicing in the range of the scattering angle of 178-180 degrees, wherein fL(θ)≈1，fH(θ) ≈ 1. At the moment, the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation and the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation only have a constant difference, and the two radar data can be spliced to obtain the whole layer atmospheric temperature profile.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system of the invention is greatly different from the traditional single-base backward scattering laser radar, and adopts a bistatic mode side scattering laser radar mode, thereby solving the problem of accurate detection of the low-level atmospheric temperature. The Raman laser radar system for detecting the atmospheric temperature without the blind area consists of three parts: the laser emission subsystem, the side telescope group that can 0 ~ 90 every single move rotation receives and beam splitting subsystem, data acquisition and inversion subsystem. The laser emission subsystem can emit pulse laser with specified wavelength or continuous laser to the atmosphere and has scattering effect with atmospheric particulate matters and atmospheric molecules; the lateral telescope group receiving and light splitting subsystem is used for receiving lateral pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of high and low quantum channels; and the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is used for acquiring and inverting data of the atmospheric echo signal so as to obtain low-layer atmospheric temperature information. The distance resolution dz of the non-blind-zone lateral Raman scattering laser radar is the length of a laser beam received by a receiving field d theta of the telescope under a pitch angle theta. The atmospheric temperature profile of the side-direction Raman scattering laser radar can be realized by continuously rotating the pitch angle of the telescope receiving subsystem and recording the side-direction pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of the high and low quantum channels under each angle theta. Because each pitch angle corresponds to one height information, two Raman laser radar profile equations with high and low quantum channels can be formed and used for calculating and obtaining the near-formation atmospheric temperature profile.
The method adopts a bistatic lateral Raman scattering laser radar detection method with separate receiving and transmitting positions to design a near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system so as to realize accurate detection of the atmospheric temperature of a near-formation section. Under the condition that the laser emission unit adopts a pulse laser, an atmospheric temperature detection system of the backward Raman scattering laser radar can be designed and set up at the same time. The comprehensive use of the non-blind area lateral Raman scattering laser radar system and the backward Raman scattering laser radar system can realize the fine detection of the temperature from the near-surface to the high-rise atmosphere, and provide a novel laser remote sensing new technology and a novel method for the research of climate and environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Raman lidar system for near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a spectrum distribution of a lateral pure rotational Raman scattering laser radar atmospheric echo signal received by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a calculation model of the angle of view and the range resolution of the side scattering lidar in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a backward and lateral whole-story atmospheric temperature lidar detection system;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a laser beam expander, 3.45-degree total reflection mirrors, 4, a backward telescope, 5, a side telescope group, 6, a first lens a, 7, a first optical filter a, 8, a second optical filter a, 9, a second lens a, 10, a PMT photoelectric detector a, 11, an electric adjustable pitching support, 12, a first data acquisition system, 13, a triangular prism, 14, a backward pure rotation Raman scattering atmospheric temperature detection laser radar light splitting system, 15, a second data acquisition system, 16, a first lens b, 17, a first optical filter b, 18, a second optical filter b, 19, a second lens b, 20, and a PMT photoelectric detector b.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system, which comprises a laser emission subsystem, a lateral telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and a data acquisition and inversion subsystem, as shown in a figure 1-2;
the laser emission subsystem can emit laser with a specific wavelength and vertically emits the laser to the atmosphere;
the side telescope group receiving and light splitting subsystem is used for receiving, separating, extracting, detecting and extracting pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of the side scattering high and low quantum number channels relative to the laser luminescence spectrum;
the data acquisition and inversion subsystem, namely the first data acquisition system 12, acquires lateral pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals with high and low quantum channels relative to the laser emission spectrum, and performs data inversion of atmospheric temperature, and the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is connected with the lateral telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem.
The laser emission subsystem comprises a laser 1, a laser beam expander 2 and a 45-degree total reflection mirror 3; the laser 1, the laser beam expander 2 and the 45-degree total reflection mirror 3 are placed on the same horizontal plane, and horizontal laser emitted by the laser 1 vertically emits to the atmosphere after passing through the laser beam expander 2 and the 45-degree total reflection mirror 3; the 45-degree total reflection mirror 3 is an electrically adjustable 45-degree total reflection mirror.
The laser 1 is a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser.
The lateral telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem comprises an electric adjustable pitching support 11, two lateral telescope groups 5 are arranged on the electric adjustable pitching support 11, each lateral telescope group 5 comprises two lateral telescopes, and a first lens a6, a first optical filter a7, a second optical filter a8, a second lens a9 and a PMT photoelectric detector a10 are sequentially arranged behind a light outlet of one of the lateral telescopes; a first lens b16, a first optical filter b17, a second optical filter b18, a second lens b19 and a PMT photoelectric detector b20 are sequentially arranged behind the light outlet of the other side telescope; PMT photodetector a10 records the side-pure rotational raman scatter echo signal of the high quantum number channel side-scattered relative to the lasing spectrum, and PMT photodetector b20 records the side-pure rotational raman scatter echo signal of the low quantum number channel side-scattered relative to the lasing spectrum.
The high-quantum-channel center wavelengths of the first filter a7 and the second filter a8 are: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum negative change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 degrees to 7 degrees;
the low quantum channel-center wavelengths of the first filter b17 and the second filter b18 are: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum positive change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 to 7 degrees.
As shown in fig. 4, as an example of the system of the present invention used in combination with a backward raman scattering lidar system, the backward raman scattering lidar system is composed of a backward telescope 4, a triangular prism 13, a backward pure rotational raman scattering atmospheric temperature detection lidar beam splitting system 14, and a second data acquisition system 15, and can be combined with a lateral pure rotational raman scattering lidar system to realize fine detection of atmospheric temperature from the near-surface to the high-rise.
The side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and the laser emitting subsystem are respectively arranged at two positions, the distance between a light outlet of the side telescope group 5 and the 45-degree total reflection mirror 3 is D, the side telescope group can be composed of two independent side telescopes, the direction of a view field of the side telescope group is vertical to the laser beam, the side telescope group points to the laser beam, and the view field is kept consistent; after being collimated by a first lens a6, side scattered light received by a side telescope is separated by a first optical filter a7 and a second optical filter a8 to provide a side pure rotation Raman high quantum channel signal, and is converged by a second lens a9 to be received by a PMT photoelectric detector a 10; after being collimated by the first lens b16, the side scattered light received by the other side telescope is separated and extracted by the first optical filter b17 and the second optical filter b18, and is converged by the second lens b19 to be received by the PMT photoelectric detector b 20;
one of the side telescopes receives and separates and extracts the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the high quantum channel from the light splitting subsystem, and the other side telescope receives and separates and extracts the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the low quantum channel from the light splitting subsystem;
the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is used for respectively acquiring lateral pure rotational Raman scattering echo signals of the high and low quantum channels and inverting the atmospheric temperature;
the two PMT photoelectric detectors respectively detect lateral pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals with high and low quantum channels relative to the laser emission spectrum;
the profile of the lateral laser radar data is realized by the rotation of a pitch angle of a lateral telescope receiving and splitting subsystem;
the distance resolution of the lateral laser radar is not equidistant and is determined by the distance D between the receiving and transmitting systems and the angle of field of the lateral telescope;
the distance resolution dz of the lateral laser radar is the length of a laser beam received by a receiving view field d theta of the lateral telescope under a pitch angle theta;
when the light source is pulse laser, the light source can be simultaneously used as an excitation light source to construct a backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar, and a comprehensive laser remote sensing system which can accurately detect the atmospheric temperature from a lower layer to a higher layer without blind areas is constructed by the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar and a near-stratum non-blind area atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar system;
the invention also provides a near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar method, which is implemented according to the following steps as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5:
step 1, initializing a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar;
step 2, receiving data of each height layer by the pitching rotating platform 11 through the side telescope group 5 to be a direct current level signal; fitting all collected level signals through the side Raman scattering echo signals received by the telescope at a pitch angle theta of 0-90 degrees at every rotation angle, so as to obtain the side Raman scattering echo signals;
step 3, optimizing a calibration function of the lateral pure-rotation Raman laser radar for detecting the atmospheric temperature;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, fitting functions with y lnQ (z, T) and x 1/T can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003469166690000121
And 3.2, adding the term x to be 1/T, and then calibrating a function as follows:
Figure BDA0003469166690000122
temperature T can be obtainedCF1The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000123
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003469166690000124
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, θ is the scattering angle, and Q (T, z) is the lateral pure rotationThe ratio of the raman scattering signals is,
Figure BDA0003469166690000125
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000126
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyr(theta) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels,
Figure BDA0003469166690000131
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients;
in step 3.3, when y is added to lnQ (z, T), the calibration function is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000132
temperature T can be obtainedCF2The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0003469166690000133
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003469166690000134
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, Q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure BDA0003469166690000135
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000136
the scattering wavelengths of the low and high quantum channels respectively,
Figure BDA0003469166690000137
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, Δ frAnd (theta) is the ratio of pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients.
Step 4, acquiring a low-layer atmospheric temperature profile through a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering atmospheric temperature detection laser radar inversion algorithm;
step 4 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 4.1, the pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the lateral high-low quantum channel can be obtained through the geometric structure of the lateral Raman scattering laser radar
Figure BDA0003469166690000138
And
Figure BDA0003469166690000139
the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00034691666900001310
Figure BDA00034691666900001311
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00034691666900001312
and
Figure BDA00034691666900001313
signal power, E, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively0Is the power of a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser, z is the detection height, theta is the scattering angle, J is the number of rotating quanta, A is the receiving area of a telescope, K is a system constant, D is the horizontal distance between a lateral telescope and a vertical laser beam, T is the temperature, N (z) is the number density of atmospheric molecules,
Figure BDA0003469166690000141
represents the ratio of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the low quantum channel to the atmospheric volume,
Figure BDA0003469166690000142
represents the ratio of the volume of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the high quantum channel to the volume of the atmosphere, sigmai(J, T) shows the pure rotating Raman line backscattering cross-section of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules, fL(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the low quantum channel, fH(theta) is the purely rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, lambda0For laser emission wavelength, Tz(z,λ0) In order to go to the atmospheric air transmission rate,
Figure BDA0003469166690000143
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA0003469166690000144
is the atmospheric transmittance of the high quantum channel, d theta is the angle of view of the side telescope,
Figure BDA0003469166690000145
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000146
scattering wavelengths of the low quantum channel and the high quantum channel, respectively;
and 4.2, extracting single spectral lines in the high and low quantum number channels respectively, wherein the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signal ratio Q (T, z) is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000147
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003469166690000148
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000149
raman scattering signal power, sigma (J), of lateral high and low quantum channels respectivelyLT) and σ (J)HT) purely rotating Raman spectrum backscattering cross-section for low and high quantum channels,. DELTA.fr(theta) pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of lateral high and low quantum number channelThe ratio of the number of the components,
Figure BDA00034691666900001410
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, T is the temperature,
Figure BDA00034691666900001411
and
Figure BDA00034691666900001412
scattering wavelengths of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel are respectively, and A and B are respectively calibration coefficients deduced by theoretical definition;
step 4.3, the temperature T can be obtained and is expressed as:
Figure BDA00034691666900001413
in the formula: q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure BDA00034691666900001414
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure BDA0003469166690000151
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000152
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyrAnd (theta) is the ratio of phase functions of the lateral pure-rotation Raman scattering high and low quantum number channels, T is temperature, and A and B are calibration coefficients derived from theoretical definition respectively.
Δfr(θ) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000153
in the formula (f)L(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the low quantum channel, fH(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, betaL(θ,λL) And betaH(θ,λH) The side scattering coefficient, beta, of the low and high quantum channels, respectivelyL(λL) And betaH(λH) Backscattering coefficients of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel, respectively;
Figure BDA0003469166690000154
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function expressed as:
Figure BDA0003469166690000155
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003469166690000156
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA0003469166690000157
is the atmospheric transmission rate of the high quantum channel, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure BDA0003469166690000158
is the extinction coefficient of the low quantum channel,
Figure BDA0003469166690000159
is the extinction coefficient of the high quantum channel, and z is the detection height;
step 5, calculating uncertainty of the lateral pure rotation Raman atmospheric temperature;
in step 5, the temperature measurement uncertainty Δ T of the lateral pure rotational raman can be expressed as:
Figure BDA00034691666900001510
in the formula:
Figure BDA00034691666900001511
is the ratio of the signal intensities of high and low quantum numbers of lateral pure rotational Raman1And Q2The ratios of the signal intensities of the channels with high and low quantum numbers of downward pure rotational Raman scattering at different temperatures are respectively,
Figure BDA0003469166690000161
and
Figure BDA0003469166690000162
signal power, T, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively1And T2The first and second calculated temperatures, respectively.
And 6, splicing the low-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar and the high-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar to obtain the whole-floor atmosphere temperature profile and realize non-blind-zone detection.
Step 6 is implemented according to the following steps:
respectively correcting high and low quantum channel echo signals of lateral pure rotational Raman scattering by using a phase function, converting the signals into high and low quantum channel echo signals of backward pure rotational Raman scattering, and performing inversion on low-level and high-level data to obtain a normalized atmospheric temperature profile;
or the like, or, alternatively,
method two, splicing in the range of the scattering angle of 178-180 degrees, wherein fL(θ)≈1，fH(θ) ≈ 1. At the moment, the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation and the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation only have a constant difference, and the two radar data can be spliced to obtain the whole layer atmospheric temperature profile.

Claims (10)

1. The Raman laser radar system for detecting the near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature is characterized by comprising a laser transmitting subsystem, a side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and a data acquisition and inversion subsystem;
the laser emission subsystem can emit laser with a specific wavelength and vertically emits the laser to the atmosphere;
the side telescope group receiving and light splitting subsystem is used for receiving, separating, extracting, detecting and extracting pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals of the side scattering high and low quantum number channels relative to the laser luminescence spectrum;
and the data acquisition and inversion subsystem is connected with the side telescope receiving and light splitting subsystem and is used for acquiring side pure rotation Raman scattering echo signals with high and low quantum channels relative to the laser emission spectrum and performing data inversion of atmospheric temperature.
2. A near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection raman lidar system according to claim 1, wherein the laser emission subsystem comprises a laser (1), a laser beam expander (2) and a 45 ° total reflection mirror (3); the laser (1), the laser beam expander (2) and the 45-degree total reflection mirror (3) are placed on the same horizontal plane, and horizontal laser emitted by the laser (1) vertically emits to the atmosphere after passing through the laser beam expander (2) and the 45-degree total reflection mirror (3); the 45-degree total reflection mirror (3) is an electrically adjustable 45-degree total reflection mirror.
3. A near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection raman lidar system according to claim 2, characterized in that the laser (1) is a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser.
4. A Raman lidar system for atmospheric temperature detection without a blind zone in a near-earth formation according to claim 2, wherein the lateral telescope receiving and splitting subsystem comprises an electrically adjustable pitching support (11), two lateral telescope groups (5) are mounted on the electrically adjustable pitching support (11), each lateral telescope group (5) comprises two lateral telescopes, and a first lens a (6), a first optical filter a (7), a second optical filter a (8), a second lens a (9) and a PMT photoelectric detector a (10) are sequentially mounted behind a light outlet of one of the lateral telescopes; a first lens b (16), a first optical filter b (17), a second optical filter b (18), a second lens b (19) and a PMT photoelectric detector b (20) are sequentially arranged behind the light outlet of the other side telescope; the PMT photodetector a (10) records the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering echo signal of the high quantum number channel relative to the side scattering of the laser emission spectrum, and the PMT photodetector b (20) records the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering echo signal of the low quantum number channel relative to the side scattering of the laser emission spectrum.
5. A Raman lidar system for near-formation blind-free atmospheric temperature detection according to claim 4, wherein the high-quantum-channel center wavelengths of the first filter a (7) and the second filter a (8) are: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum negative change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 degrees to 7 degrees;
the low quantum channel center wavelengths of the first filter b (17) and the second filter b (18) are as follows: the relative laser emission wavelength has the maximum positive change rate of the Raman signal along with the temperature; the specific parameters are as follows: the bandwidth is as follows: 0.2-0.3 nm, and the inhibition rate is as follows: OD is greater than or equal to 6, and working angle: 5 to 7 degrees.
6. The near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman laser radar method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, initializing a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar;
step 2, receiving data of each height layer by the pitching rotating platform (11) through the lateral telescope group (5) to be a direct current level signal; fitting all collected level signals through the side Raman scattering echo signals received by the telescope at a pitch angle theta of 0-90 degrees at every rotation angle, so as to obtain the side Raman scattering echo signals;
step 3, optimizing a calibration function of the lateral pure-rotation Raman laser radar for detecting the atmospheric temperature;
step 4, acquiring a low-layer atmospheric temperature profile through a lateral pure rotation Raman scattering atmospheric temperature detection laser radar inversion algorithm;
step 5, calculating uncertainty of the lateral pure rotation Raman atmospheric temperature;
and 6, splicing the low-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar and the high-floor atmosphere temperature profile obtained by inverting the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar to obtain the whole-floor atmosphere temperature profile and realize non-blind-zone detection.
7. The near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman lidar method according to claim 6, wherein the step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, fitting functions with y lnQ (z, T) and x 1/T can be expressed as
Figure FDA0003469166680000031
And 3.2, adding the term x to be 1/T, and then calibrating a function as follows:
Figure FDA0003469166680000032
temperature T can be obtainedCF1The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0003469166680000033
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003469166680000034
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, Q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure FDA0003469166680000035
and
Figure FDA0003469166680000036
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyr(theta) is a lateral high-low quantum number channelThe ratio of the pure rotational raman scattering phase functions of,
Figure FDA0003469166680000037
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients;
in step 3.3, when y is added to lnQ (z, T), the calibration function is:
Figure FDA0003469166680000038
temperature T can be obtainedCF2The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0003469166680000039
in the formula:
Figure FDA00034691666800000310
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, Q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure FDA00034691666800000311
and
Figure FDA00034691666800000312
the scattering wavelengths of the low and high quantum channels respectively,
Figure FDA0003469166680000041
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function, T is temperature, Δ frAnd (theta) is the ratio of pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, and a, b and c are undetermined coefficients.
8. The near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman lidar method according to claim 6, wherein the step 4 is specifically performed according to the following steps:
step 4.1, geometric junction of laser radar by side Raman scatteringStructure, can obtain the pure rotation Raman scattering echo signal of the side direction high-low quantum channel
Figure FDA0003469166680000042
And
Figure FDA0003469166680000043
the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003469166680000044
Figure FDA0003469166680000045
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003469166680000046
and
Figure FDA0003469166680000047
signal power, E, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively0Is the power of a high-energy pulse laser or a high-power continuous laser, z is the detection height, theta is the scattering angle, J is the number of rotating quanta, A is the receiving area of a telescope, K is a system constant, D is the horizontal distance between a lateral telescope and a vertical laser beam, T is the temperature, N (z) is the number density of atmospheric molecules,
Figure FDA0003469166680000048
represents the ratio of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the low quantum channel to the atmospheric volume,
Figure FDA0003469166680000049
represents the ratio of the volume of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the high quantum channel to the atmospheric volume, sigmai(J, T) shows the pure rotating Raman line backscattering cross-section of the nitrogen and oxygen molecules, fL(theta) is a low quantum fluxPure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the traces, fH(theta) is the purely rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, lambda0For the laser emission wavelength, Tz(z,λ0) In order to go to the atmospheric air transmission rate,
Figure FDA00034691666800000410
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure FDA00034691666800000411
is the atmospheric transmittance of the high quantum channel, d theta is the angle of view of the side telescope,
Figure FDA00034691666800000412
and
Figure FDA00034691666800000413
scattering wavelengths of the low quantum channel and the high quantum channel, respectively;
step 4.2, extracting single spectral lines in the high and low quantum number channels respectively, wherein the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering signal ratio Q (T, z) is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003469166680000051
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003469166680000052
and
Figure FDA0003469166680000053
raman scattering signal power, sigma (J), of lateral high and low quantum channels respectivelyLT) and σ (J)HT) purely rotating Raman spectrum backscattering cross-section for low and high quantum channels,. DELTA.fr(theta) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase functions of the lateral high and low quantum number channels,
Figure FDA0003469166680000054
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle, T is the temperature,
Figure FDA0003469166680000055
and
Figure FDA0003469166680000056
scattering wavelengths of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel are respectively, and A and B are respectively calibration coefficients deduced by theoretical definition;
step 4.3, the temperature T can be obtained and is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003469166680000057
in the formula: q (T, z) is the ratio of the lateral pure rotational Raman scattering signals,
Figure FDA0003469166680000058
is an atmospheric transmission correction function, z is the probe height, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure FDA0003469166680000059
and
Figure FDA00034691666800000510
scattering wavelengths, Δ f, for low and high quantum channels, respectivelyrAnd (theta) is the ratio of phase functions of the lateral pure-rotation Raman scattering high and low quantum number channels, T is temperature, and A and B are calibration coefficients derived from theoretical definition respectively.
Δfr(θ) is the ratio of the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the lateral high and low quantum number channels, expressed as:
Figure FDA00034691666800000511
in the formula (f)L(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the low quantum channel, fH(theta) is the pure rotational Raman scattering phase function of the high-quantum channel, betaL(θ,λL) And betaH(θ,λH) The side scattering coefficient, beta, of the low and high quantum channels, respectivelyL(λL) And betaH(λH) Backscattering coefficients of a low quantum channel and a high quantum channel, respectively;
Figure FDA0003469166680000061
is an atmospheric transmittance correction function expressed as:
Figure FDA0003469166680000062
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003469166680000063
is the slope range atmospheric transmittance of the low quantum channel,
Figure FDA0003469166680000064
is the atmospheric transmission rate of the high quantum channel, theta is the scattering angle,
Figure FDA0003469166680000065
is the extinction coefficient of the low quantum channel,
Figure FDA0003469166680000066
is the extinction coefficient of the high quantum channel and z is the probe height.
9. The near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman lidar method according to claim 6, wherein in step 5, the temperature measurement uncertainty Δ T of the lateral pure rotational Raman can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003469166680000067
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003469166680000068
is the ratio of the signal intensities of high and low quantum numbers of lateral pure rotational Raman1And Q2The ratios of the signal intensities of the channels with high and low quantum numbers of downward pure rotational Raman scattering at different temperatures are respectively,
Figure FDA0003469166680000069
and
Figure FDA00034691666800000610
signal power, T, of laterally pure rotational Raman scattering high and low quantum channels, respectively1And T2The first and second calculated temperatures, respectively.
10. The near-formation blind-zone-free atmospheric temperature detection Raman lidar method according to claim 6, wherein the step 6 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
respectively correcting high and low quantum channel echo signals of lateral pure rotational Raman scattering by using a phase function, converting the signals into high and low quantum channel echo signals of backward pure rotational Raman scattering, and performing inversion on low-level and high-level data to obtain a normalized atmospheric temperature profile;
or the like, or, alternatively,
method two, splicing in the range of the scattering angle of 178-180 degrees, wherein fL(θ)≈1，fH(θ) ≈ 1. At the moment, the lateral pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation and the backward pure rotation Raman scattering laser radar equation only have a constant difference, and the two radar data can be spliced to obtain the whole layer atmospheric temperature profile.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114814884A (en) * 2022-07-04 2022-07-29 青岛镭测创芯科技有限公司 Raman temperature measurement laser radar system based on filter plate switching
CN116299366A (en) * 2023-05-17 2023-06-23 合肥中科光博量子科技有限公司 Online calibration method for temperature Raman laser radar

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114814884A (en) * 2022-07-04 2022-07-29 青岛镭测创芯科技有限公司 Raman temperature measurement laser radar system based on filter plate switching
CN114814884B (en) * 2022-07-04 2022-09-23 青岛镭测创芯科技有限公司 Raman temperature measurement laser radar system based on filter plate switching
CN116299366A (en) * 2023-05-17 2023-06-23 合肥中科光博量子科技有限公司 Online calibration method for temperature Raman laser radar
CN116299366B (en) * 2023-05-17 2023-08-15 合肥中科光博量子科技有限公司 Online calibration method for temperature Raman laser radar

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