CN114420811A - 一种半导体发光元件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及半导体光电器件的技术领域,特别是涉及一种半导体发光元件,其从下至上依次包括衬底、第一导电型半导体,多量子阱,导电型空穴注入层和第二导电型半导体,所述导电型空穴注入层的H浓度为5E18~1E20cm‑3,O浓度为1E17~5E18cm‑3,通过设置导电型空穴注入层并控制其C/H/O含量比例,能够提升电子的势垒高度和降低空穴的势垒高度,有效地阻挡电子溢流,提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率,从而提升半导体发光元件的辐射复合效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体光电器件的技术领域,特别是涉及一种半导体发光元件。
背景技术
半导体发光元件具有可调范围广泛的波长范围,发光效率高,节能环保,可使用超过10万小时的长寿命、尺寸小、可设计性强等因素,已逐渐取代白炽灯和荧光灯,成长普通家庭照明的光源,并广泛应用新的场景,如户内高分辨率显示屏、户外显屏、手机电视背光照明、路灯、车灯、手电筒等应用领域。但是,传统氮化物半导体使用蓝宝石衬底生长,晶格失配和热失配大,导致较高的缺陷密度和极化效应,降低半导体发光元件的发光效率;同时,传统氮化物半导体的空穴离化效率远低于电子离化效率,导致空穴浓度低于电子浓度1个数量级以上,过量的电子会从多量子阱溢出至第二导电型半导体产生非辐射复合,空穴离化效率低,会导致第二导电型半导体的空穴难以有效注入多量子阱中,导致多量子阱的发光效率低。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种半导体发光元件,通过设置导电型空穴注入层并控制C/H/O含量比例,提升电子的势垒高度和降低空穴的势垒高度,有效地阻挡电子溢流,提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率,从而提升半导体发光元件的辐射复合效率。
为实现上述目的,本发明是采用下述技术方案实现的:
本发明提供一种半导体发光元件,从下至上依次包括衬底、第一导电型半导体,多量子阱,导电型空穴注入层和第二导电型半导体,所述导电型空穴注入层的H浓度为5E18~1E20cm-3,C浓度为1E17~5E18cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E18cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述第一导电型半导体的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,C浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3,O浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述多量子阱的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,C浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3,O浓度为1E16~1E18cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述第二导电型半导体的H浓度为1E18~5E21cm-3,C浓度为1E17~5E21cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E21cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述导电型空穴注入层的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E19cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述第二导电型半导体的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E18cm-3。
一种可能的技术方案中,所述第一导电型半导体、第二导电型半导体、多量子阱的材料为AlxI nyGa1-x-yN材料,其中Al组分x为0~40%,y为0~80%;多量子阱发出的光为紫外波段至黄光波段介于350~600nm。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益效果为:通过设置导电型空穴注入层并控制其C/H/O含量比例,提升电子的势垒高度和降低空穴的势垒高度,有效地阻挡电子溢流,提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率,从而提升半导体发光元件的辐射复合效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的半导体发光元件的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例的半导体发光元件的SIMS二次离子质谱图;
附图标记:100:衬底;101:第一导电型半导体;102:多量子阱;103:导电型空穴注入层;104:第二导电型半导体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1所示,本发明实施例1的半导体发光元件,从下至上依次包括衬底100、第一导电型半导体101,多量子阱102,导电型空穴注入层103和第二导电型半导体104,衬底100是氮化物半导体结晶能够在表面进行外延生长的基板,且能够选择使用满足对于半导体发光元件所发出的光的波长范围透射率较高(例如该光的透射率在50%以上)的基板;例如,作为衬底100的材料,可列举出氮化铝、蓝宝石、GaN等;第一导电型半导体101和第二导电型半导体104可以为n型半导体层,导电类型为n型;或者p型半导体层,导电类型为p型;第一导电型半导体,多量子阱,导电型空穴注入层和第二导电型半导体依次层叠在衬底100上,层叠半导体层利用有机金属化学气相沉积法(MOCVD法)、有机金属气相外延法(MOVPE法)、分子束外延法(MBE法)以及氢化物气相外延法(HVPE法)等方法进行层叠;所述导电型空穴注入层的H浓度为5E18~1E20cm-3,C浓度为1E17~5E18cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E18cm-3,通过控制层叠过程中N2/H2/NH3的压强、温度、MO源、流量及比例等方法调控H/O含量,提升电子的势垒高度和降低空穴的势垒高度,有效地阻挡电子溢流,提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率,由于空穴的扩展能力提升进而提高发光均匀性,从而提升半导体发光元件的辐射复合效率;。
作为上述技术方案的一种改进方式,第一导电型半导体的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,C浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3,O浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3,通过控制适用于第一导电型半导体的最佳C/H/O含量比例和配比浓度,提升第一导电型半导体的横向生长能力,促进半导体合并,获得平整原子级台阶的表面,阻挡底层位错延伸,改善表面黑点,提升第一导电型半导体的晶体质量和降低缺陷密度,测试的第一导电型半导体的缺陷密度低于5E18cm-2,XRD测试的晶面(002)和面(102)的半高宽分别小于180/200弧秒;同时,提升第一导电型半导体的电子离化效率、降低电子离化能,降低半导体发光元件的接触电阻和电流的横向扩展能力,使得局部电流密度高得到改善,降低局部击穿的发生概率,进而提高抗ESD能力。
多量子阱102由阱层和势垒层交替层叠而成的层叠构造构成,优选地,多量子阱的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,C浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3,O浓度为1E16~1E18cm-3,控制多量子阱的H/O浓度在规定的范围内,降低多量子阱的非辐射复合中心,提升多量子阱层的量子局域效应,提升电子和空穴波函数的交叠几率,提升发光效率;
作为上述技术方案的一种改进方式,第二导电型半导体的H浓度为1E18~5E21cm-3,C浓度为1E17~5E21cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E21cm-3,进一步地,第二导电型半导体的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E18cm-3,控制第二导电型半导体C/H/O浓度并与Mg掺杂浓度相匹配,可以提升空穴离化效率和Mg溶解度,提升横向生长速率使第二导电型半导体的表面生长平整,并提升空穴的横向扩展能力和抗ESD能力。
作为上述技术方案的一种改进方式,导电型空穴注入层的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E19cm-3,控制导电型空穴注入层的掺杂浓度,有助于提高掺杂后空穴浓度和迁移率。
作为上述技术方案的一种改进方式,所述第一导电型半导体、第二导电型半导体、多量子阱的材料为AlxInyGa1-x-yN材料,其中Al组分x为0~40%,y为0~80%;多量子阱发出的光为紫外波段至黄光波段介于350~600nm。
图2为本发明其中一种具体实施方式的半导体发光元件的SIMS二次离子质谱图,图中各层的C/H/O/Mg/Si/Al/Ga等元素含量均在所要求的范围内。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种半导体发光元件,其特征在于,从下至上依次包括衬底、第一导电型半导体,多量子阱,导电型空穴注入层和第二导电型半导体,所述导电型空穴注入层的H浓度为5E18~1E20cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E18cm-3。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述第一导电型半导体的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,O浓度为1E16~5E17cm-3。
3.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述多量子阱的H浓度为1E17~1E18cm-3,O浓度为1E16~1E18cm-3。
4.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述第二导电型半导体的H浓度为1E18~5E21cm-3,O浓度为1E17~5E21cm-3。
5.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述导电型空穴注入层的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E19cm-3。
6.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述第二导电型半导体的Mg掺杂浓度大于1E18cm-3。
7.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,所述第一导电型半导体、第二导电型半导体、多量子阱的材料为AlxInyGa1-x-yN材料,其中Al组分x为0~40%,y为0~80%;多量子阱发出的光为紫外波段至黄光波段介于350~600nm。
8.如权利要求1所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,控制所述导电型空穴注入层H/O含量比例,提升电子的势垒高度和降低空穴的势垒高度,有效地阻挡电子溢流,提升空穴注入多量子阱的效率,从而提升半导体发光元件的辐射复合效率。
9.如权利要求2所述的半导体发光元件,其特征在于,控制第一导电型半导体H/O含量在规定的范围内,提升二维生长速率,促进半导体合并,获得平整原子级台阶的表面,并获得高载流子浓度大于5E18cm-3的第一导电型半导体。
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JP2009043970A (ja) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-26 | Panasonic Corp | 半導体素子及びその製造方法 |
US20130234110A1 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-09-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Gallium nitride based compound semiconductor light-emitting element and method for fabricating the same |
CN104576869A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Iii族氮化物半导体元件、iii族氮化物半导体元件的制造方法 |
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JP2009043970A (ja) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-26 | Panasonic Corp | 半導体素子及びその製造方法 |
US20130234110A1 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-09-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Gallium nitride based compound semiconductor light-emitting element and method for fabricating the same |
CN104576869A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Iii族氮化物半导体元件、iii族氮化物半导体元件的制造方法 |
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