CN114426950B - 一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体及其制备方法和应用,属于骨缺损修复技术领域。本发明提供的血清外泌体来自骨折恢复期的血清,所述骨折恢复期为骨折后第2~5周。经研究发现,从骨折后的血清中提取的外泌体较正常血清提取的外泌体具有更强的成骨和成血管性能,有助于解决大段骨缺损、大面积创伤等疾病难以修复的问题,为所有需要通过成骨和/或成血管能力进行修复治愈的疾病提供了一种新的治疗方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及骨缺损修复技术领域,尤其涉及一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤、感染、创伤和发育畸形等因素造成的大段骨缺损在临床上十分常见,其严重影响患者生命健康并对患者造成重大心理负担。当前,临床上主要采用骨移植术进行大段骨缺损的治疗。但是,无论自体骨移植还是同种异体骨移植都存在着诸多的不足,最大的问题在于无法有效修复大段骨缺损并恢复相应的生理功能。
外泌体是一类由细胞分泌产生的直径在30~150nm的细胞外囊泡,起源于细胞内吞过程中形成的内体,最后再从细胞中释放到胞外,然后通过内噬(Endocytosis)、直接融合或“配体-受体”相互作用等方式进入受体细胞。外泌体携带丰富的生物活性分子(如RNA、蛋白质等),并可通过自分泌或旁分泌途径参与对局部或远端细胞的功能调控,影响细胞外微环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供提供一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体,所述血清外泌体来自骨折恢复期的血清。
优选的,所述骨折恢复期为骨折后第2~5周。
本发明还提供了一种血清外泌体在制备成骨和/或成血管药物中的应用。
优选的,所述成骨和/或成血管药物包括治疗骨缺损修复药物和/或治疗大面积创伤修复药物。
本发明还提供了一种血清外泌体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取骨折恢复期血液分离得到血清;
(2)所述血清稀释后,经固液分离取上清;
(3)所述上清经固液分离后,取沉淀,所述沉淀为血清外泌体。
优选的,步骤(1)中分离血清的方法为离心,所述离心的转速为1500~2500rpm,时间为5~15min。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述稀释用稀释液为PBS缓冲液,所述血清与PBS缓冲液的体积比为1:8~12。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述固液分离的方法为离心分离,所述离心分离进行2次,第一次离心分离的转速为1500~2500g,时间为15~25min;第二次离心分离的转速为8000~12000g,时间为25~35min。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述固液分离为离心分离,所述离心分离的转速为8000~12000g,时间为60~100min。
现有的血清外泌体通常来源于正常健康人群血清,其治疗大面积损伤或较大区域组织再生的能力仍有不足。经研究发现,从骨折后的血清中提取的外泌体较正常血清提取的外泌体具有更强的成骨和成血管性能,有助于解决大段骨缺损、大面积创伤等疾病难以修复的问题。为所有需要通过成骨和/或成血管能力的疾病提供了一种新的治疗方法。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中兔骨折后血清和兔正常血清外泌体透射电镜外泌体形态图(标尺=100nm);
图2为实施例2中兔骨折后血清和兔正常血清外泌体分泌的蛋白电泳图;
图3为实施例2中兔骨折后血清和兔正常血清外泌体浓度和粒径分布情况;
图4为实施例3中ALP染色结果和茜素红染色结果(标尺=0.5cm);
图5为实施例3中BF EXO组和CTRL EXO组ALP基因和ALP蛋白相对表达量比较;
图6为实施例4中VECs细胞在两种外泌体的作用下体外成血管情况(标尺=100μm)
图7为实施例4中VECs细胞在两种外泌体的作用下体外主血管和分支血管长度比较;
图8为实施例4中VECs细胞在两种外泌体的作用下体内成血管情况(标尺=1mm);
图9为实施例4中VECs细胞在两种外泌体的作用下体内主血管和分支血管长度比较;
图10为实施例4中VECs细胞在两种外泌体的作用下体内成血管基因VEGFA、VEGFR2、TGFβ和MMP2的相对表达量;
图11为实施例5中两组外泌体治疗12周后兔桡骨大段骨缺损愈合情况,上排图为两组兔桡骨microCT断面图(红色方框内为兔桡骨缺损再生区域),下排图为各组兔桡骨microCT立体图(黄色部分为兔桡骨缺损再生区域)(标尺=5mm);
图12为实施例5中两组外泌体治疗12周后兔桡骨大段骨缺损新生骨参数对比;
图13为实例6中两组外泌体治疗12周后兔桡骨缺损处血管microCT立体图(标尺=5mm);
图14为实施例6中两组外泌体治疗12周后兔桡骨缺损处新生血管参数比较。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体,所述血清外泌体来自骨折恢复期的血清。
在本发明中,所述骨折恢复期优选为骨折后第2~5周,进一步优选为骨折后的第3~4周。
本发明还提供了一种血清外泌体在制备成骨和/或成血管药物中的应用。
在本发明中,所述成骨和/或成血管药物优选为治疗骨缺损修复药物和/或治疗大面积创伤修复药物,进一步优选为治疗骨缺损修复药物。
本发明还提供了一种血清外泌体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取骨折恢复期血液分离得到血清;
(2)所述血清稀释后,经固液分离取上清;
(3)所述上清经固液分离后,取沉淀,所述沉淀为血清外泌体。
在本发明中,所述骨折恢复期优选为骨折后第2~5周,进一步优选为骨折后的第3~4周。
在本发明中,所述血液优选为骨折恢复期第2周、3周、4周、5周采集的外周动脉血的混合血液。
在本发明中,步骤(1)中分离血清的方法优选为离心,所述离心的转速优选为1500~2500rpm,进一步优选为1800~2200rpm,再进一步优选为2000rpm;时间优选为5~15min,进一步优选为8~12min,再进一步优选为10min。
在本发明中,分离到的血清暂时不用时冻存即可。
在本发明中,步骤(2)中所述稀释用稀释液优选为PBS缓冲液,所述血清与PBS缓冲液的体积比优选为1:8~12,进一步优选为1:9~11,再进一步优选为1:10。
在本发明中,步骤(2)中所述固液分离优选为离心分离。
在本发明中,步骤(2)中所述离心分离优选进行2次;第一次离心分离的转速优选为1500~2500g,进一步优选为1800~2300g,再进一步优选为2000g;时间优选为15~25min,进一步优选为18~22min,再进一步优选为20min。
在本发明中,步骤(2)中第二次离心分离的转速优选为8000~12000g,进一步优选为1000~11000g,再进一步优选为10000g;时间优选为25~35min,进一步优选为28~22min,再进一步优选为20min。
分离得到上清后,上清再次经固液分离后,去掉上清,取沉淀。
在本发明中,步骤(3)中所述固液分离优选为离心分离。
在本发明中,所述离心分离的转速优选为8000~12000g,进一步优选为1000~11000g,再进一步优选为10000g;时间优选为60~100min,进一步优选为70~90min,再进一步优选为80min。
在本发明中,优选将所得沉淀用PBS缓冲液重悬,并在上一步的离心条件下重新离心,离心后去掉上清,得到沉淀用PBS缓冲液重悬,得到血清外泌体悬液。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
实验样品来自:股骨骨折一周后的兔子,从耳朵上采集外周动脉血,分别于骨折后的第8天(第二周)、15天(第三周)、22天(第四周)和29天(第五周)采集。每次采集20mL,将四个不同时间段采集的血液混合,在2000rpm下离心10min,取上层血清作为提取样品。
按照1mL血清加入10mLPBS缓冲液的比例对血清进行稀释,颠倒混匀,然后置于离心管中在2000g、4℃下离心20min,结束后,取上清移入新的离心管中,在10000g、4℃下离心30min,结束后,取上清移入新的离心管中,继续在10000g、4℃下离心80min,结束后,弃掉上清,用1mLPBS重悬沉淀,然后在10000g、4℃下离心80min,弃掉上清,在沉淀中加入50μL PBS缓冲液重悬,得到血清外泌体悬液。
同时按照上述方法制备正常兔(未发生骨折的健康兔子)血清外泌体悬液,作为对照。
实施例2
对实施例1制备的两种血清外泌体进行鉴定
使用透射电镜、外泌体蛋白标志物检测和纳米流式检测仪确定外泌体形态、属性和含量,结果如图1~3所示。图1~3表明,兔骨折后血清外泌体(BF EXO)和兔正常血清外泌体(CTRL EXO)其形态(图1,两种外泌体均呈现典型的双层囊膜形态)、外泌体蛋白标志物(图2,两种外泌体均表达TSG101、CD81和CD9这3种典型的外泌体蛋白marker)和外泌体浓度(图3,两种外泌体的浓度和粒径均无显著性差异)均没有显著性差异。说明外泌体的成骨成血管能力并非由于外泌体形态结构发生改变导致的,而是由于外泌体成分发生变化导致的。
实施例3
血清外泌体体外成骨检测
将骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)与两种外泌体(BF EXO和CTRL EXO)共培养,检测其成骨标志物碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和钙结节。
具体方法如下:在24孔板中加入成骨诱导培养基,1mL/孔;然后以10000个细胞/孔的接种密度加入BMMSCs细胞,再分别加入实施例1制备的兔骨折后血清外泌体和兔正常血清外泌体,使其终浓度为1.69×108particles/mL。在37℃、5%CO2条件下进行共培养。每3天换液1次,培养7天后进行ALP染色、ALP(ALPL)基因和ALP蛋白检测;培养21天后进行茜素红染色。ALP染色结果和茜素红染色结果如图4所示(左边两张图为CTRL EXO组ALP染色结果(上方)和茜素红染色(下方),右边两张图为BF EXO组的ALP染色结果(上方)和茜素红染色(下方)),ALP基因和ALP蛋白检测结果如图5所示。
成骨诱导培养基为:DMEM培养基中加入10%胎牛血清,1%双抗,10mMβ-glycerophosphate,10nM地塞米松和50μg/mL抗坏血酸。
结果表明,BF EXO组ALP染色和茜素红染色(显示钙结节)的着色均较CTRL EXO组更深,而且BF EXO组ALP(ALPL)基因相对表达量和ALP蛋白含量均较CTRL EXO组有显著性提高(p<0.01)。
实施例4
血清外泌体体外成血管能力检测
体外培养血管内皮细胞(VECs),并将其与两种外泌体(BF EXO和CTRL EXO)共培养,检测其在基质胶中的血管再生能力,同时评估成血管相关基因在VECs中的表达差异。
具体方法如下:VECs细胞在含10%FBS,1%双抗的血管内皮细胞培养基(ECM)中扩增3天,实验前一天,弃去培养基,加入含0.2%FBS,1%双抗的ECM中培养24小时。实验当天,使用杜氏磷酸缓冲液(DPBS)清洗VECs细胞,加入适量含EDTA的胰蛋白酶消化VECs细胞;在含10%FBS,1%双抗的ECM中计数细胞至最终浓度2×106个细胞/mL。
将预先在4℃冰箱中解冻的基底膜提取物(BME),按照50μL/孔加入96孔板中,移液过程中避免产生气泡,确保胶完全覆盖孔底。将96孔板在37℃和5%CO2中孵育30min以固化BME。将准备好的浓度2×106个细胞/mL的重悬VECs细胞60μL与600μL含有外泌体的ECM培养基混合后(外泌体与细胞悬液混合后的终浓度为1.69×108particles/mL),缓慢小心加入固化了BME的96孔板中,每孔100μL。继续在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养,静置培养观察;在血管形成的4小时后小心去除培养基,避免破坏BME上的血管网络。使用100μL DPBS洗涤后,加入100μL新鲜DPBS,使用倒置显微镜在白色背景下拍照(图6),然后使用Image J软件计算血管长度(图7)。
此外,取外泌体(含外泌体的ECM培养基,外泌体浓度为1.69×108particles/mL)与基质胶各0.5mL,混合后注入裸鼠皮下,1周后观察裸鼠皮下成血管情况(图8、图9)。并测定成血管基因VEGFA、VEGFR2、TGFβ和MMP2的相对表达量(图10)。
结果表明:BF EXO组VECs成环能力,裸鼠皮下成血管能力均较CTRL EXO组显著增加(p<0.05);相应的,BF EXO组成血管基因VEGFA、VEGFR2、TGFβ和MMP2的相对表达量均较CTRL EXO组显著增加(p<0.01)。
实施例5
血清外泌体在兔桡骨缺损修复中成骨能力检测
雄性新西兰大白兔单笼饲养在北京大学口腔医院普通级实验动物中心。饲喂专用兔饲料,饮用无菌水,自由饮食;室温维持在21±2℃,保持12小时光照12小时黑暗的生活环境。在适应性饲养1周后,制作兔桡骨大段骨缺损(1.5cm)模型,并在缺损处分别充填含有两种外泌体的泊洛沙姆凝胶。
具体方法如下:使用保定架保定兔,沿兔耳缘静脉注入异戊巴比妥钠(30mg/kg)麻醉兔。之后将兔前肢备毛、消毒,使用手术刀切开皮肤,分离肌肉筋膜并露出桡骨。沿桡骨中段测量1.5cm长度并标记,使用手锯沿标记处锯段两端并将桡骨取下,纱布按压止血后,分别将1.5mL含有两种兔血清外泌体的泊洛沙姆凝胶注入缺损处(每处缺损约含有6.75×108particles外泌体)。逐层关闭缝合肌肉皮肤。消毒后依然放入笼中饲养,饲养条件同前。12周后,兔安乐死,取材兔桡骨,microCT检测其骨再生情况(图11)。并测定组织中骨矿含量、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁分离度(图12)。
结果表明:CTRL EXO组出现了骨不连现象,而BF EXO组基本形成了功能正常的桡骨管腔,并基本恢复了正常骨形态。而且BF EXO组骨矿含量、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度均较CTRL EXO组显著上升(p<0.05),而骨小梁分离度较CTRL EXO组显著下降(p<0.05)。
实施例6
血清外泌体在兔桡骨缺损修复中成血管能力检测
按实施例5中的方法制作兔桡骨大段骨缺损(1.5cm)模型。为了使兔缺损处血管显影,12周处死前使用金属氧化物凝胶灌注兔桡骨缺损处血管,并采用microCT扫描检测血管再生情况。
具体方法如下:兔依据前述方法麻醉,仰卧位,打开腹腔和颈部皮肤,结扎腹主动脉和颈动脉;将输液针刺入兔左心室,右心房剪开缺口,缓缓注入温热的肝素生理盐水溶液,持续冲洗上肢血管网;待右心房流出液体呈无色透明状后,接着注射福尔马林溶液固定血管;最后灌注含有三氯化铬的明胶水溶液。灌注完毕后,将兔实验侧桡骨取出,放入冰箱冷藏过夜使凝胶彻底凝固。最后使用microCT扫描兔桡骨缺损,三维重建后检测血管再生情况(图13),并对测量血管体积和血管数量,计算血管体积分数(图14)。
结果表明:BF EXO组的血管体积、体积分数和数量均较CTRL EXO组显著增多(p<0.01)。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种高成骨成血管的血清外泌体,其特征在于,所述血清外泌体来自骨折恢复期的血清;
所述骨折恢复期为骨折后第2~5周。
2.一种权利要求1所述的血清外泌体在制备成骨和/或成血管药物中的应用。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述成骨和/或成血管药物为骨缺损修复药物和/或治疗大面积创伤修复药物。
4.一种权利要求1所述的血清外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)取骨折恢复期血液分离得到血清;
(2)所述血清稀释后,经固液分离取上清;
(3)所述上清经固液分离后,取沉淀,所述沉淀为血清外泌体。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中分离血清的方法为离心,所述离心的转速为1500~2500rpm,时间为5~15min。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述稀释用稀释液为PBS缓冲液,所述血清与PBS缓冲液的体积比为1:8~12。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述固液分离的方法为离心分离,所述离心分离进行2次,第一次离心分离的转速为1500~2500g,时间为15~25min;第二次离心分离的转速为8000~12000g,时间为25~35min。
8.如权利要求4~7任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述固液分离为离心分离,所述离心分离的转速为8000~12000g,时间为60~100min。
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