CN114425605B - Preparation method of titanium and titanium alloy casting containing special-shaped inner cavity - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium and titanium alloy casting containing special-shaped inner cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425605B CN114425605B CN202111677053.3A CN202111677053A CN114425605B CN 114425605 B CN114425605 B CN 114425605B CN 202111677053 A CN202111677053 A CN 202111677053A CN 114425605 B CN114425605 B CN 114425605B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C13/00—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes
- B22C13/08—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes for shell moulds or shell cores
- B22C13/085—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes for shell moulds or shell cores by investing a lost pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
- B22D13/101—Moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal casting, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a titanium and titanium alloy casting with a special-shaped inner cavity, wherein the titanium and titanium alloy casting is provided with the special-shaped inner cavity, and the preparation of a shell comprises the following steps of preparing a surface shell, coating the surface of an integral wax mould with surface layer slurry, and then removing redundant surface layer slurry; brushing or pouring the integral wax mould in the area A, the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the surface layer slurry in the area of the special-shaped inner cavity; carrying out surface layer sand spraying on the integral wax mould to form a surface layer shell; preparing a back shell: increasing the thickness of the backing layer slurry; repeating the first and third steps in the preparation of the back shell for a plurality of times to form a multi-layer back shell; and roasting the multilayer back shell to prepare the casting shell. The method can be used for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy castings with the special-shaped inner cavities, and can effectively solve the problem that the thin-wall precise titanium and titanium alloy castings with the complex inner cavities are difficult to mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal casting, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a titanium and titanium alloy casting with a special-shaped inner cavity.
Background
Titanium and titanium alloy castings are widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, shipping and weapons, and generally high-precision titanium and titanium alloy castings are mainly prepared by investment precision casting technology, and the inner cavities of the castings are mainly formed by using prefabricated ceramic cores or metal cores and removed after the castings are cast. For the ceramic core, when the inner cavity is longer or is special-shaped or small in inner diameter, the problems of difficult core removal, low smoothness of the inner wall of the casting and the like exist. For the metal core, the refractory metal is often used for manufacturing the core due to the chemical activity of titanium and titanium alloy, but the core has the problems of no yielding, difficult cleaning, high cost, limited application and the like. There is also a method for manufacturing a core using a low melting point metal, such as a titanium alloy investment casting fusible metal core disclosed in chinese patent application publication No. CN 101745602A, wherein the metal core material is selected from solid aluminum, magnesium, zinc and alloys thereof, and rare earth oxide is sprayed on the surface of the metal core. The metal core in the patent is adopted to produce the titanium alloy casting with the slender inner cavity, the spray coating on the surface of the metal core is easy to form a pollution layer on the inner surface of the casting, and the removal process of the metal core can increase the production cost. The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN 102806311A discloses a complex pipeline forming process of titanium alloy investment casting, wherein the metal core is made of pure titanium or the same grade material as the casting, the roasting temperature of the shell is 980-1020 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4-4.5 hours, so as to solve the problem of oxidation of the metal core caused by long-time high-temperature roasting, and the metal core is filled with graphite powder subjected to high-temperature vacuum degassing. The titanium alloy casting with the slender inner cavity produced by the process has the advantages that the metal core is coarsened by high-temperature roasting tissue above the beta phase transition temperature, so that the overall performance of the casting is reduced, and meanwhile, the graphite powder filled in the casting needs special treatment before use, so that the production cost is increased, and the inner cavity of the casting is polluted. With the continuous development of the aerospace field in China, the shape and the structure of the titanium alloy casting are more and more complex, and higher requirements are put forward on the quality and the performance of the titanium and titanium alloy casting with complex inner cavities.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve, at least to some extent, the above-described technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of titanium and titanium alloy castings containing special-shaped inner cavities, by which titanium and titanium alloy castings containing special-shaped inner cavities can be prepared, and the problems that thin-wall precise titanium and titanium alloy castings with complex inner cavities are difficult to mold, the dimensional accuracy is low and the like can be effectively solved.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a titanium and titanium alloy casting having a special-shaped cavity, comprising the steps of, in order: preparing a basic wax pattern, preparing an integral wax pattern, preparing a shell, smelting and casting, cutting and polishing an auxiliary structure, and welding;
wherein, the preparation of the basic wax pattern comprises the following steps: according to different structures of the special-shaped inner cavity of the titanium and titanium alloy casting, dividing the special-shaped inner cavity into an integral wax pattern in a region A, an integral wax pattern in a region B and an integral wax pattern in a region C;
the preparation of the shell comprises the following steps:
preparing a surface layer shell, namely coating surface layer slurry on the surface of the integral wax mould, and then removing the redundant surface layer slurry;
brushing or pouring the integral wax mould in the area A, the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the surface layer slurry in the area of the special-shaped inner cavity;
carrying out surface layer sand spraying on the integral wax mould, and drying to form a surface layer shell;
preparing a back shell: coating back layer slurry on the surface of the surface layer shell, and removing redundant back layer slurry;
carrying out secondary brushing or pouring on the integral wax mould in the area A, the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the backing layer slurry;
carrying out back layer sand spraying on the integral surface layer shell, and drying to form a first layer back layer shell;
repeating the first and third steps in the preparation of the back shell for a plurality of times to form a multi-layer back shell;
and roasting the multilayer back shell to prepare the casting shell.
In addition, the preparation method of the titanium and titanium alloy casting of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
according to some embodiments of the invention, the area a integral wax pattern comprises: the upper edge and the lower edge of the wax mould in the area A are provided with concave butt joint grooves; the upper single chip and the lower single chip are provided with convex butt joint grooves which are used for being matched with the concave butt joint grooves, and the B-region integral wax mould comprises a part of B-region wax mould and a follow-up single chip;
the preparation of the integral wax mould comprises the following steps: and respectively combining the upper single piece and the lower single piece to the upper edge and the lower edge of the part A area wax mould, and positioning by utilizing the concave butt joint groove and the convex butt joint groove to form the integral wax mould.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the part B wax pattern is provided with a window, and the window is provided with at least one concave lug;
the follow-up single-sheet outline is matched with the window outline;
and the follow-up type single sheet is provided with a lug sheet matched with the concave lug sheet.
And filling the inner cavity of the whole wax mould in the C region through the window.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the area a integral wax pattern comprises: a support structure and a reinforcement structure;
the preparation of the basic wax pattern comprises the following steps: designing a basic wax pattern preparation mold according to the structures and the sizes of the casting and the special-shaped inner cavity, and then preparing the basic wax pattern to form a basic wax pattern with a part of a wax pattern in a region A, a part of a wax pattern in a region B and a whole wax pattern in a region C, and cleaning the basic wax pattern and removing parting lines on the surfaces of the part of the wax pattern in the region A, the part of the wax pattern in the region B and the whole wax pattern in the region C;
the integral wax mold preparation further comprises the following steps: mounting a support structure between the upper and lower singlets; reinforcing structures are respectively arranged on the upper single chip and the lower single chip and are used for respectively connecting the upper single chip and the lower single chip with the basic wax mould;
and combining the follow-up single chip onto a pouring channel of the integral wax mould module, and adding a pouring channel support for the lug position.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the integral wax pattern preparation further comprises the steps of: and (3) carrying out surface trimming and polishing on the basic wax pattern, the upper single piece, the lower single piece, the supporting structure and the reinforced structure, and cleaning the whole wax pattern.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step of removing the excess backing layer slurry comprises: and (3) accelerating the slurry dripping by adopting a mode of rotating and tilting the whole wax mould in the area B, then carrying out secondary slurry grouting on the whole wax mould in the area B, and accelerating the slurry dripping by rotating and tilting again.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step of filling the cavity of the C-block integral wax pattern comprises:
and filling the inner cavity of the integral wax mould in the area C by adopting a slurry sand material mixture with viscosity formed by mixing back layer slurry and back layer sand material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the smelting pour includes the steps of:
quality detection is carried out on the special-shaped inner cavity of the casting shell through the window;
casting pouring is carried out by utilizing a casting shell to obtain a basic casting and a follow-up single-piece casting;
centrifugal casting or gravity casting is carried out by utilizing the casting shell under vacuum.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the auxiliary structure cutting and sanding comprises the steps of: cutting the following single piece from the pouring system, cutting the supporting structure and the reinforcing structure of the basic casting, and polishing the cut edge.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the welding comprises the steps of: nondestructive testing is carried out on the positions of the castings corresponding to the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and when no internal defects exist, the window is blocked; when the internal defect exists, repairing the internal defect through the window;
plugging the window by using a random single sheet in a welding mode;
and (5) polishing the outer surface of the welding area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to different structures of the special-shaped inner cavities of the titanium and titanium alloy castings, the wax mould of the castings is respectively molded, and the special-shaped inner cavities of the castings are molded, so that the problems that the special-shaped inner cavities of the thin-wall titanium and titanium alloy castings are difficult to mold, and the welding is easy to deform can be effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an overall wax pattern of a titanium and titanium alloy casting incorporating a profiled cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a basic wax pattern of a titanium and titanium alloy casting having a profiled cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of a portion of a basic wax pattern of a titanium and titanium alloy casting having a profiled cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a cross-sectional structure of a base wax pattern of a titanium and titanium alloy casting having a profiled cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a monolithic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a single sheet of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a perspective view of a single sheet under an embodiment of the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", or the like, may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "bottom," "front," "upper," "inclined," "lower," "top," "inner," "horizontal," "outer," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the mechanism in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the mechanism in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" may include both upper and lower orientations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the method for preparing a titanium and titanium alloy casting with a special-shaped inner cavity in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 100, basic wax pattern preparation
Dividing the special-shaped inner cavity structure of the casting into three parts, namely an area A integral wax pattern 1, an area B integral wax pattern 2 and an area C integral wax pattern 3, and respectively preparing the wax patterns;
wherein, the whole wax matrix 1 in A district includes: part a area wax pattern 11, upper monolith 12, lower monolith 13, support structure 14, reinforcing structure 15; the upper edge and the lower edge of the wax mould 11 in the area A are provided with concave butt joint grooves 16, and the number of the concave butt joint grooves is not less than 1; the upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13 are provided with convex butt joint grooves 17 which are matched with the concave butt joint grooves 16 in shape and size, and the number of the convex butt joint grooves is the same as that of the concave butt joint grooves 16;
the B-zone integral wax pattern 2 comprises: part B area wax pattern 21, following single sheet 23; the part B area wax pattern 21 comprises a window 22; the number of the windows 22 is not less than 1, the shape is preferably rectangle, the length is between 0.4 and 0.8 times of the length of the inner cavity of the whole wax mould 2 in the B area, the maximum size is not more than 50mm, and the width is between 0.4 and 0.8 times of the width of the inner cavity of the whole wax mould 2 in the B area. When the length of the inner cavity of the integral wax pattern 2 in the area B is more than 50mm, more than 1 window 22 can be arranged. The window 22 is preferably positioned in the middle of the overall wax pattern 2 in zone B. The window 22 has at least one recessed tab 24 having a shape selected from the group consisting of semi-circular, rectangular, square, saw-tooth, and preferably semi-circular.
The contour of the follow-up single sheet 23 is matched with the contour of the window 22, and the contour dimension is smaller than the window 22 and ranges from 0.5mm to 2.5 mm; the external dimension of the follow-up single sheet 23 is easier to match with the window 22 during the later welding, and the welding precision is improved under the auxiliary effect of the supporting block;
the following single sheet is provided with lug pieces 25 matched with concave lugs 24, and the number of the lug pieces 25 is the same as that of the concave lugs 24; the lug pieces 25 are in crossed connection with the concave lugs 24, so that the overall strength of the welded area is improved;
the wall thickness of the integral wax mould 2 in the area B and the integral wax mould 3 in the area C is increased by 0.3-2 mm compared with the actual wall thickness; the increased wall thickness is the reserved wall thickness of the casting, so that the problem that the wall thickness of the casting at the position is thinned due to acid washing in the later period is avoided, and the dimensional requirement cannot be met;
designing a basic wax pattern preparation mold according to the special-shaped inner cavity structure and the size of the casting, and then preparing the basic wax pattern to form a basic wax pattern with a part A area wax pattern 11, a part B area wax pattern 21 and a C area integral wax pattern 3;
cleaning the basic wax pattern and removing parting lines on the surfaces of the wax pattern 11 in the partial area A, the wax pattern 21 in the partial area B and the whole wax pattern 3 in the area C;
the parting line of the surface of the wax pattern 21 in the area B and the whole wax pattern 3 in the area C is removed by a blade or a scraper through a window 22 on the wax pattern 21 in the area B. Due to the existence of the window 22, the surface of the wax pattern on the inner wall of the special-shaped inner cavity of the casting can be further trimmed, the surface finish of the wax pattern on the inner wall of the special-shaped inner cavity of the casting is improved, and the surface quality of the casting is further improved.
Step 200, integral wax mould preparation
The upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13 are respectively combined to the upper edge and the lower edge of the wax mould 11 in the partial area A by adopting a local heating or partial melting method, and the position positioning is carried out by utilizing the matching of the concave butt joint groove 16 and the convex butt joint groove 17 to form an integral wax mould;
the support structures 14 are installed between the upper and lower singlets 12 and 13, and the number of the support structures 14 is not less than 1. The supporting structure 14 can simultaneously support the upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13, so that the deformation of the upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13 in the casting molding process is avoided, and the dimensional accuracy of the special-shaped inner cavity is influenced. Reinforcing structures 15 are mounted on the upper and lower monoliths 12 and 13, respectively, for connecting the upper and lower monoliths 12 and 13, respectively, to the base wax pattern. The upper single chip 12, the lower single chip 13 and the basic wax pattern can be formed into a structural whole by utilizing the additionally added reinforcing structure 15, which is beneficial to increasing the structural stability of the upper single chip 12 and the lower single chip 13 and further improving the dimensional accuracy of castings in the area.
The outline of the reinforcing structure 15 is matched with the basic wax pattern, the upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13, and is continuous rectangle or semicircle, and the number of the reinforcing structure is not less than 1. The shape and profile of the reinforcing structure 15 can be selected to be matched with the upper single sheet 12 and the lower single sheet 13, and the reinforcing structure is easy to clean at a later stage.
The contact locations of the base wax pattern and the upper and lower monoliths 12, 13, the support structure 14 and the reinforcing structure 15 are subjected to surface conditioning and polishing of the wax pattern, and the entire wax pattern is cleaned.
The following single sheet 23 is combined on the pouring channel of the integral wax mould module, the pouring channel is added to the lug 25 to support, and the lug 25 is prevented from deforming in the pouring process.
Step 300, preparation of shell
Preparation of surface shell
Coating surface layer slurry on the surface of the integral wax mould, and then removing redundant surface layer slurry;
brushing or pouring the whole wax pattern 1 in the area A, the whole wax pattern 2 in the area B and the whole wax pattern 3 in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the surface layer slurry in the area of the special-shaped inner cavity hole; compared with the conventional shell preparation process, the special-shaped inner cavity is smaller in size, and whether surface layer slurry on the surface of the wax mould in the area is uniformly coated is difficult to observe visually, so that surface layer slurry coating is additionally added to the special-shaped inner cavity area to ensure the uniformity of surface layer quality in direct contact with the wax mould;
carrying out surface layer sand spraying on the integral wax mould, checking the sand spraying quality of the abnormal inner cavity area through a window 22, supplementing sand spraying on the position of partial sand deficiency, and then drying to form a surface layer shell;
preparation of back shell
Coating back layer slurry on the surface of the surface layer shell, and removing the redundant back layer slurry.
Removing excessive surface layer slurry or back layer slurry, accelerating slurry dripping by adopting a mode of rotating and tilting the position of the zone B, then carrying out secondary slurry grouting on the zone B, rotating and tilting again, and accelerating slurry dripping;
carrying out secondary brushing or pouring on the integral wax mould 1 in the area A, the integral wax mould 2 in the area B and the integral wax mould 3 in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the backing layer slurry; the slurry in the abnormal-shaped inner cavity area is not easy to discharge, and the slurry can be prevented from forming local accumulation in the abnormal-shaped inner cavity area by adopting a rotary inclined mode;
carrying out back layer sand spraying on the whole surface layer shell to form a first layer back layer shell;
filling the inner cavity of the integral wax mould 3 in the C area through a window 22; because the special-shaped inner cavity is smaller in area size, if the special-shaped inner cavity is coated layer by layer in a conventional mode, the exposed part of the special-shaped inner cavity is filled, the inside of the special-shaped inner cavity is in a hollow state, the strength of the regional shell is greatly reduced, the local cracking of the shell is easy to occur in the casting filling process, and the casting qualification rate is reduced. The special-shaped inner cavity can be filled and tamped through the window, so that the strength of the shell in the special-shaped inner cavity area can be enhanced;
the filler for filling the inner cavity of the integral wax mould 3 in the area C adopts a slurry sand material mixture with viscosity formed by mixing back slurry and back sand material;
the first and third steps in the preparation of the back shell are repeated a plurality of times to form a multi-layer back shell.
And roasting the shell to prepare the casting shell.
Step 400, smelting and casting
Quality inspection is performed on the special-shaped inner cavity of the casting shell through the window 22. Repairing the problems of local cracking, sand falling and the like of the shell, and improving the quality of the shell.
And casting by using the casting shell to obtain a basic casting and a follow-up single-piece 23 casting.
Centrifugal casting or gravity casting is carried out by utilizing the casting shell under vacuum.
Step 500, auxiliary structure cutting and polishing
The following piece 23 is cut from the casting system.
The support structure 14 and the reinforcement structure 15 of the base casting are cut and the cut edges are ground.
Step 600, welding
Nondestructive testing is carried out on the casting positions corresponding to the integral wax mould 2 in the area B and the integral wax mould 3 in the area C, and when no internal defect exists, the window 22 is blocked; when the internal defect exists, repairing the internal defect through the window 22; the arrangement of the window 22 structure enables the closed non-repairable abnormal-shaped gap blind cavity to be changed into a window capable of carrying out quality detection and defect repair in multiple procedures, and the quality and the yield of castings are greatly improved.
The window 22 is plugged by a follow-up single piece 23 in a welding mode.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the titanium and titanium alloy casting containing the special-shaped inner cavity is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of: preparing a basic wax pattern, preparing an integral wax pattern, preparing a shell, smelting and casting, cutting and polishing an auxiliary structure, and welding;
wherein, the preparation of the basic wax pattern comprises the following steps: according to different structures of the special-shaped inner cavity of the titanium and titanium alloy casting, dividing the special-shaped inner cavity into an integral wax pattern in a region A, an integral wax pattern in a region B and an integral wax pattern in a region C;
the preparation of the shell comprises the following steps:
preparing a surface layer shell, namely coating surface layer slurry on the surface of the integral wax mould, and then removing the redundant surface layer slurry;
brushing or pouring the integral wax mould in the area A, the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the surface layer slurry in the area of the special-shaped inner cavity;
carrying out surface layer sand spraying on the integral wax mould, and drying to form a surface layer shell;
preparing a back shell: coating back layer slurry on the surface of the surface layer shell, and removing redundant back layer slurry;
carrying out secondary brushing or pouring on the integral wax mould in the area A, the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and increasing the thickness of the backing layer slurry;
carrying out back layer sand spraying on the integral surface layer shell, and drying to form a first layer back layer shell;
repeating the first and third steps in the preparation of the back shell for a plurality of times to form a multi-layer back shell;
roasting the multilayer back shell to prepare a casting shell;
the whole wax mould in the area B comprises a part of wax mould in the area B and a follow-up single chip;
a window is formed on the wax mould in the area B, and at least one concave lug is arranged on the window;
the follow-up single-sheet outline is matched with the window outline;
the following type single sheet is provided with a lug sheet matched with the concave lug sheet;
and filling the inner cavity of the whole wax mould in the C region through the window.
2. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the integral wax mould in the area A comprises: the upper edge and the lower edge of the wax mould in the area A are provided with concave butt joint grooves; convex butt joint grooves which are used for being matched with the concave butt joint grooves are formed in the upper single piece and the lower single piece;
the preparation of the integral wax mould comprises the following steps: and respectively combining the upper single piece and the lower single piece to the upper edge and the lower edge of the part A area wax mould, and positioning by utilizing the concave butt joint groove and the convex butt joint groove to form the integral wax mould.
3. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the integral wax mould in the area A comprises: a support structure and a reinforcement structure;
the preparation of the basic wax pattern comprises the following steps: designing a basic wax pattern preparation mold according to the structures and the sizes of the casting and the special-shaped inner cavity, and then preparing the basic wax pattern to form a basic wax pattern with a part of a wax pattern in a region A, a part of a wax pattern in a region B and a whole wax pattern in a region C, and cleaning the basic wax pattern and removing parting lines on the surfaces of the part of the wax pattern in the region A, the part of the wax pattern in the region B and the whole wax pattern in the region C;
the integral wax mold preparation further comprises the following steps: mounting a support structure between the upper and lower singlets; reinforcing structures are respectively arranged on the upper single chip and the lower single chip and are used for respectively connecting the upper single chip and the lower single chip with the basic wax mould;
and combining the follow-up single chip onto a pouring channel of the integral wax mould module, and adding a pouring channel support for the lug position.
4. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the integral wax mold preparation further comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out surface trimming and polishing on the basic wax pattern, the upper single piece, the lower single piece, the supporting structure and the reinforced structure, and cleaning the whole wax pattern.
5. A method of preparing titanium and titanium alloy castings having a contoured cavity according to claim 3, wherein the step of removing excess backing layer slurry includes: and (3) accelerating the slurry dripping by adopting a mode of rotating and tilting the whole wax mould in the area B, then carrying out secondary slurry grouting on the whole wax mould in the area B, and accelerating the slurry dripping by rotating and tilting again.
6. The method of preparing a titanium and titanium alloy casting having a profiled cavity as defined in claim 4, wherein said step of filling said cavity of said C-block integral wax pattern comprises:
and filling the inner cavity of the integral wax mould in the area C by adopting a slurry sand material mixture with viscosity formed by mixing back layer slurry and back layer sand material.
7. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the smelting and casting method comprises the following steps:
quality detection is carried out on the special-shaped inner cavity of the casting shell through the window;
casting pouring is carried out by utilizing a casting shell to obtain a basic casting and a follow-up single-piece casting;
centrifugal casting or gravity casting is carried out by utilizing the casting shell under vacuum.
8. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the auxiliary structure cutting and polishing comprises the following steps: cutting the following single piece from the pouring system, cutting the supporting structure and the reinforcing structure of the basic casting, and polishing the cut edge.
9. The method for preparing the titanium and titanium alloy casting with the special-shaped inner cavity according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of,
the welding comprises the following steps: nondestructive testing is carried out on the positions of the castings corresponding to the integral wax mould in the area B and the integral wax mould in the area C, and when no internal defects exist, the window is blocked; when the internal defect exists, repairing the internal defect through the window;
plugging the window by using a random single sheet in a welding mode;
and (5) polishing the outer surface of the welding area.
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