CN114391382A - Hormone-induced rapid tea tree cutting rooting method - Google Patents
Hormone-induced rapid tea tree cutting rooting method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapid cuttage and rooting of tea trees induced by hormones, which comprises the following steps: 1. selecting and treating cutting slips, 2, treating hormones, 3, cultivating cutting slips and 4, cultivating conditions; on one hand, the cuttage material is induced by exogenous hormone, on the other hand, the original lignification green tender branches are adopted, and a mode of combining nutrient solution water culture and mixed matrix culture is innovatively adopted, so that the tea trees can be well promoted to rapidly root, the rooting rate and the root quality are greatly improved, the tea seedling culture period is effectively shortened, the survival rate is high, the purpose of high-efficiency large-scale tea tree cuttage seedling culture can be realized, and the technical difficulty of production and popularization of tea tree varieties difficult to root is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapid cuttage and rooting of tea trees induced by hormones, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze) belongs to the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae, and is a evergreen woody plant. As an important economic crop in mountain areas in China, tea trees play an important basic role in promoting the development of the tea industry by cultivating high-quality tea seedlings. At present, tea tree breeding is mainly based on open field cuttage, and the cuttage time is generally in autumn. The open field cuttage has the advantages of simple operation and large seedling raising amount per unit area, but has the defects of long seedling raising period, large field management workload such as weeding in the seedling stage, time and labor consumption, large seedling emergence loss, short suitable planting period and low transplanting survival rate.
In the current era, new species of tea trees are continuously excavated and discovered, and the problems of large tree age, aging tree vigor, weak rooting capacity and the like exist in female parent resources of a plurality of new species of tea trees; the traditional short-spike cutting mode has the defects of low rooting rate, long rooting period and weak cutting seedling, and the traditional cutting mode has many problems due to the uncontrollable nature of natural conditions such as light, temperature, water and the like in the seedling raising process, the seedling raising quality and the rooting rate are obviously influenced by the natural conditions, so that the traditional tea tree cutting mode has high requirements on the material of the cutting spike, long cultivation period, season limitation, high management and protection cost and complexity. (1) The material requirement is high. At present, the cutting slips used for large-scale tea tree cuttage are generally semi-lignified materials, and the materials which are too tender or have too serious lignification have low survival rate and are not suitable for cuttage. (2) The season limitation is strong. The picking of cutting seedlings and cuttings is generally carried out in spring and autumn, the time is not well controlled, and tea tree branches are easily too tender or lignified. High temperature in summer and fast evaporation, and low temperature in winter, which is not favorable for the growth of plant root system. (3) The space requirement is large. Compared with other crops, the large-scale breeding of tea trees is mostly carried out in field soil at present, tea seedling resources in our province mainly depend on the provinces, the transportation cost is high, the survival rate of part of newly introduced varieties is low due to changes of climate and geographical conditions, and the method is unfavorable for popularizing the excellent germplasm with native characteristics of Guizhou. (4) The cultivation period is long. In the traditional cuttage, at least 4 months are needed from the soil treatment before cuttage to the seedling process of rooting and sprouting of cutting slips. (5) The management is cumbersome. The tea tree is divided into three branches and seven branches, and careful management and protection are a crucial link for making good the short shoot cuttage. Therefore, the method solves the problem of scale seedling culture of the high-efficiency tea trees, not only maintains the excellent characteristics of the parent trees, but also can control the environmental conditions and accelerate the breeding speed, and is very important for promoting the improved variety breeding of clonal tea trees.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, three different hormones, namely ABT1 rooting powder, IBA and NAA auxin, are considered, and the LABT1 rooting powder is best used through statistical analysis of rooting rate, fresh root weight, rooting number, root length and fibrous root conditions, so that the method for cutting and rooting the tea trees is provided with the advantages of shortening time and improving efficiency.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize:
the invention provides a method for rapid cuttage and rooting of tea trees induced by hormones, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selection and treatment of cutting slips: selecting healthy tea trees which grow well and are free of diseases and insects; selecting initial lignified green branches with fully opened tea leaves and full and unexpanded tea buds; cutting a stem section with a third mature functional leaf from top to bottom, wherein an upper cut of the stem section is horizontally transversely cut, and a lower cut of the stem section is obliquely cut in a direction parallel to the leaves at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the cut is smooth and flat;
s2, hormone treatment: disinfecting the base of the cutting trimmed in the step S1, soaking in a solution of No. 150 and 200mg/LABT1, and culturing in a nutrient solution;
s3, a cutting culture mode: culturing in a combined culture pot with nutrient solution for 30 days, and transferring to the matrix for continuous culture when the white root primordium develops a circle around the base of the cutting shoot or the side surface of the white root primordium has raised particles;
s4, culture conditions are as follows: culturing the treated tea tree short spikes in an intelligent room, replacing the nutrient solution every 5 days, introducing oxygen once every 3 days for 5min, and replacing the sponge floating plate every 10 days to prevent algae pollution; transferring the cutting root primordium to an intelligent greenhouse for culture by using a matrix when the formation rate of the cutting root primordium reaches 80%; after the soil is transferred, fully watering thoroughly immediately, covering a sunshade net, setting water spraying time to be 8 points a night every day, controlling air humidity and matrix moisture after watering for 30min each time till the soil is thoroughly watered, adopting natural illumination, opening an outer sunshade net to reduce light intensity when the illumination is strong in summer and autumn, supplementing illumination manually in rainy days to enable the illumination time to reach more than 12h, opening an exhaust fan to flow air when needed, and paying attention to weed and pest control during the period.
Preferably, the stem segment described in step S1 has a length of 3-5cm and leaves retain 1/2 leaf amount.
Preferably, the step S2 of disinfecting is to soak the carbendazim solution prepared with distilled water at a concentration of 0.2% for 15min, while continuously stirring, and washing with clean water for 3-5 times.
Preferably, the soaking in the step S2 is to soak the 2-3cm part of the base of the cutting shoot in the solution No. 150-200mg/LABT1 for 2 h.
Preferably, the matrix in steps S3 and S4 is prepared from the following raw materials in mass ratio: loess: turfy soil: perlite is 2: 2: 1.
preferably, the temperature, humidity and illuminance of the culture in the intelligent room in step S4 are 25 ℃, 75% and 2000Lux, respectively.
Preferably, the air humidity control in step S4 is 65% to 85%.
Preferably, the substrate moisture described in step S4 is controlled to be 75% to 100%.
Preferably, the hormone-induced rapid cutting rooting method for the tea trees takes roots 25-30 days after cutting and takes a large number of roots 40-50 days after cutting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the rooting is rapidly promoted by inducing exogenous hormones, adopting initial lignified green twigs as cutting materials and innovatively adopting a mode of combining nutrient solution water culture and mixed matrix culture, the rooting is greatly realized in 40-50 days from the material taking to the rooting, and the rooting rate reaches 95.10-98.04% in 65 days.
2. The invention greatly improves the rooting rate and the root quality, shortens the time for forming callus and differentiating the root by water culture, and improves the growth and development quality of the root system by soil culture; the initial lignification twig cutting improves the utilization rate of tea branches, breaks the seasonal limitation of the traditional tea tree seedling raising and realizes the 3-season seedling raising; the aim of efficient and large-scale cutting seedling raising of the tea trees is achieved, and the technical difficulty in production and popularization of tea tree varieties which are difficult to root is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the development of the root system of a tea tree cutting seedling (Note: A1 is 25d after ABT1 treatment and cutting, B1 is 25d after IBA treatment and cutting, C1 is 25d after NAA treatment and cutting, A2 is 30d after ABT1 treatment and cutting, B2 is 30d after IBA treatment and cutting, C2 is 30d after NAA treatment and cutting, A3 is 40d after ABT1 treatment and cutting, B3 is 40d after IBA treatment and cutting, C3 is 40d after NAA treatment and cutting, A4 is 50d after ABT1 treatment and cutting, B4 is 50d after IBA treatment and cutting, C4 is 50d after NAA treatment and cutting, A5 is 60-65d after ABT1 treatment and cutting, B5 is 60-65d after A treatment and C5 d after C3665 d treatment and C5-60C 5d after cutting)
FIG. 2 shows rooted cuttings treated with different hormones (note: A1-A6 are treated with No. 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000mg/LABT1 in sequence; A7-A12 are treated with No. 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000mg/LIBA in sequence; A13-A18 are treated with No. 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000mg/LNAA in sequence).
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1 method for hormone-induced rapid cutting rooting of tea trees
S1, selecting healthy tea trees which grow well and are free of diseases and insects; selecting initial lignified green branches with fully opened tea leaves and full and unexpanded tea buds; cutting a stem section with a third mature functional leaf from top to bottom, wherein the length of the stem section is 3-5cm, the leaf amount of the leaf is kept 1/2, and when the stem section is cut, an upper cut of the stem section is horizontally transversely cut, and a lower cut of the stem section is obliquely cut in a direction parallel to the leaf at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the cut is smooth and flat;
s2, preparing 0.2% carbendazim solution by using distilled water, directly putting the pruned cutting slips into the disinfectant, soaking for 15min, continuously stirring during the soaking, and cleaning for 3-5 times by using clear water; after being cleaned in clear water, the water is placed into a plastic water culture basin filled with water according to the sequence that a lower cut is downward and an upper cut is upward; using sponge medium as floating plate, inserting the processed cutting into 1cm thick floating plate with leaf surface facing the same direction, and floating in culture pot containing 2L 200mg/LABT1 solution for 2h to perform hormone treatment; pouring out the used solution, and using clear water for transition for one night;
s3, a cutting culture mode: adopting 0.01 percent Hoagland nutrient solution to perform water culture in a combined culture pot, culturing for 30 days, and transferring to a substrate for continuous culture when white root primordium develops a circle around the base of the cutting shoot or convex particles appear on the side surface;
s4, culture conditions are as follows: culturing the treated tea tree short spikes in an intelligent greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃, the humidity of 75% and the illumination of 2000Lux, replacing the nutrient solution every 5 days, introducing oxygen once every 3 days for 5min, and replacing the sponge floating plate every 10 days to prevent algae pollution; transferring the cutting slips to an intelligent greenhouse for culture by using a matrix when 80% of root primordium of the cutting slips is formed in 30 days; and (3) immediately and fully watering thoroughly after transferring into soil, covering a sunshade net, setting the water spraying time to be 8 points per night, and watering for 30min each time until the substrate is thoroughly watered, so that the moisture of the substrate is maintained at 75-100%. The air humidity is controlled to be 65-85%; the period from picking to rooting is only 25 days, soil is changed for 30 days, the period of 40-50 days is the root system outbreak period, the rooting rate reaches 98.04% when the seedlings are outplanted in 60-65 days, the average rooting number is 19.10, the fresh weight of the roots is 10.75g, and the average root length is 2.64 cm.
Example 2 method for rapid cuttage and rooting of tea trees induced by hormone
S1, selecting healthy tea trees which grow well and are free of diseases and insects; selecting initial lignified green branches with fully opened tea leaves and full and unexpanded tea buds; cutting a stem section with a third mature functional leaf from top to bottom, wherein the length of the stem section is 3-5cm, the leaf amount of the leaf is kept 1/2, and when the stem section is cut, an upper cut of the stem section is horizontally transversely cut, and a lower cut of the stem section is obliquely cut in a direction parallel to the leaf at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the cut is smooth and flat;
s2, preparing 0.2% carbendazim solution by using distilled water, directly putting the pruned cutting slips into the disinfectant, soaking for 15min, continuously stirring during the soaking, and cleaning for 3-5 times by using clear water; after being cleaned in clear water, the water is placed into a plastic water culture basin filled with water according to the sequence that a lower cut is downward and an upper cut is upward; using sponge medium as floating plate, inserting the processed cutting into 1cm thick floating plate with leaf surface facing the same direction, and floating in culture pot containing 2L 150mg/LABT1 solution for 2h to perform hormone treatment; pouring out the used solution, and using clear water for transition for one night;
s3, a cutting culture mode: adopting 0.01 percent Hoagland nutrient solution to perform water culture in a combined culture pot, culturing for 30 days, and transferring to a substrate for continuous culture when white root primordium develops a circle around the base of the cutting shoot or convex particles appear on the side surface;
s4, culture conditions are as follows: culturing the treated tea tree short spikes in an intelligent greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃, the humidity of 75% and the illumination of 2000Lux, replacing the nutrient solution every 5 days, introducing oxygen once every 3 days for 5min, and replacing the sponge floating plate every 10 days to prevent algae pollution; transferring the cutting slips to an intelligent greenhouse for culture by using a matrix when 80% of root primordium of the cutting slips is formed in 30 days; and (3) immediately and fully watering thoroughly after transferring into soil, covering a sunshade net, setting the water spraying time to be 8 points per night, and watering for 30min each time until the substrate is thoroughly watered, so that the moisture of the substrate is maintained at 75-100%. The air humidity is controlled to be 65-85%; the period from picking to rooting is only 25 days, soil is changed for 30 days, the period from 40 days to 50 days is a root system outbreak period, the rooting rate reaches 95.10 percent when the seedlings are outplanted in 60 days to 65 days, the average rooting number is 18.14, the fresh weight of the roots is 6.92g, and the average root length is 2.24 cm.
To further verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the inventors performed a series of verification tests, specifically as follows:
reagents and sources
Hormone-induced rapid tea tree cutting rooting method screening test
1) And (3) experimental design: 2 hormone physical modes of a slow dipping method and a fast dipping method are set, a single-factor random test with different concentration gradients of ABT1 rooting powder, IBA and NAA auxin as factors is carried out, the soaking treatment mode sets the concentration of a rooting agent to be 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/L, 4 concentration levels and the soaking time to be 2h, the fast dipping treatment mode sets the concentration of the rooting agent to be 500 and 1000mg/L, 2 concentration levels and fast dipping for 15s, and the contrast treatment is carried out by soaking in clear water for 2 h. And performing a cutting seedling raising test on the tea trees 'Zikui'. The total number of the treatments is 19, each treatment is provided with 34 cuttings, and the treatment is repeated for 3 times, so that the total number of the cuttings is 1938;
2) the test process comprises the following steps: after the cutting slip is treated by the cutting slip hormone, the cutting slip is cut in a sponge floating plate, and is cultivated for 30 days by using 0.01 percent Hoagland nutrient solution, and then the cutting slip is transferred to a medium formula of loess: turfy soil: the requirement of outplanting can be met by soil culture in a matrix with the perlite ratio of 2:1:1 for 30 days. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Main index of cutting seedling and heel line
Note: the data in the table are mean values ± standard error; lower case letters indicate that the P < 0.05 level difference was significant.
Treatments 1-6 were ABT1, treatments 7-12 were IBA, treatments 13-18 were NAA, and CK was the control.
3) And (4) test conclusion: under the condition of the research, the rooting rate of cuttings and the rooting quality of the heels of 3 auxin plants with the ABT1 concentration of 200mg/L for 2 hours are the highest, the rooting rate is as high as 98.04%, the number of roots is 19.10, the fresh weight of the roots is 10.75g, and the length of the roots is 2.64 cm; IBA second, NAA worst.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art should make equivalent changes or modifications to the structures, features and principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapid cuttage and rooting of tea trees induced by hormones is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selection and treatment of cutting slips: selecting healthy tea trees which grow well and are free of diseases and insects; selecting initial lignified green branches with fully opened tea leaves and full and unexpanded tea buds; cutting a stem section with a third mature functional leaf from top to bottom, wherein an upper cut of the stem section is horizontally transversely cut, and a lower cut of the stem section is obliquely cut in a direction parallel to the leaves at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the cut is smooth and flat;
s2, hormone treatment: disinfecting the base of the cutting trimmed in the step S1, soaking in a solution of No. 150 and 200mg/LABT1, and culturing in a nutrient solution;
s3, a cutting culture mode: culturing in a combined culture pot with nutrient solution for 30 days, and transferring to the matrix for continuous culture when the white root primordium develops a circle around the base of the cutting shoot or the side surface of the white root primordium has raised particles;
s4, culture conditions are as follows: culturing the treated tea tree short spikes in an intelligent room, replacing the nutrient solution every 5 days, introducing oxygen once every 3 days for 5min, and replacing the sponge floating plate every 10 days to prevent algae pollution; transferring the cutting root primordium to an intelligent greenhouse for culture by using a matrix when the formation rate of the cutting root primordium reaches 80%; after the soil is transferred, fully watering thoroughly immediately, covering a sunshade net, setting water spraying time to be 8 points a night every day, controlling air humidity and matrix moisture after watering for 30min each time till the soil is thoroughly watered, adopting natural illumination, opening an outer sunshade net to reduce light intensity when the illumination is strong in summer and autumn, supplementing illumination manually in rainy days to enable the illumination time to reach more than 12h, opening an exhaust fan to flow air when needed, and paying attention to weed and pest control during the period.
2. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of hormone induced tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stem segments in step S1 are 3-5cm in length and leaves retain 1/2 of leaf amount.
3. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of tea trees induced by hormones as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfection in step S2 is soaking in 0.2% carbendazim solution prepared with distilled water for 15min while stirring continuously, and washing with clear water for 3-5 times.
4. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of hormone induced tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking in step S2 is soaking the 2-3cm part of the base of the cutting in 150-200mg/LABT1 solution for 2 h.
5. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of tea trees induced by hormones as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in step S3 is 0.01% of hoagland.
6. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of hormone-induced tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix in steps S3 and S4 is prepared from the following raw materials by mass: loess: turfy soil: vermiculite 2: 2: 1.
7. the method for rapid cuttage and rooting of hormone-induced tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cultivation in the intelligent room in step S4 is 25 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the illumination is 2000 Lux.
8. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of tea trees induced by hormones as claimed in claim 1, wherein air humidity in step S4 is controlled to 65-85%.
9. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of tea trees induced by hormones as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the substrate in step S4 is controlled to be 75% -100%.
10. The method for rapid cuttage rooting of hormone-induced tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein rooting is performed 25-30 days after cuttage and a large amount of rooting is performed 40-50 days after cuttage.
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