CN114386796A - Sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method, which comprises the steps of collecting data of preliminary design, construction drawings, operation maintenance conditions and monitoring data of sponge city projects, then taking four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource as evaluation contents, comprehensively evaluating the sponge city project construction effect and overall quality by integrating the four aspects, and giving a conclusion whether the sponge city projects reach the standard or not. The method has strong operability, is economic and reasonable, enables the evaluation of the construction effect and the overall quality of the sponge city project to be more systematic and scientific, and also provides reference and basis for the construction and quality acceptance of the sponge city project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sponge cities, and particularly relates to evaluation of construction effects of whole projects or parcel projects of a sponge city.
Background
Sponge city construction is a modern city development concept. The construction of the sponge city is to protect and restore the sponge body of the city by strengthening city planning construction management, effectively control the rainwater runoff, transfer the tail end treatment into the source emission reduction, process control and system treatment, and transfer the fast discharge into the seepage, stagnation, storage, purification, use and discharge, thereby realizing the multiple purposes of restoring the city water ecology, improving the city water environment, ensuring the city water safety, improving the city water resource bearing capacity and the like, improving the novel town chemical quality and promoting the harmonious symbiosis of people and nature. For better building a sponge city, the construction of a sponge city index system is crucial, and the method is used for measuring whether the construction of a city or a parcel meets the requirements of a sponge city, determining the problems and the differences in city construction and providing effective guidance for sponge city construction.
The research and construction of sponge cities in China are in the initial stage, the research on index systems is less, the research on indexes in academic communities mainly focuses on the significance and the decomposition of annual runoff total control rate, and the research on complete index systems is not yet carried out. The engineering community takes the sponge city construction performance evaluation and assessment method (trial implementation) issued by the ministry of construction and water conservancy, the ministry of water conservancy guidance on promoting the work of water conservancy in sponge cities, and the national standard of evaluation standard for sponge city construction GB/T51345-2018 as index standards, but has corresponding defects, mainly embodied as insufficient regional difference and professional comprehensiveness, and weak pertinence.
Sponge city project is different from traditional municipal project, and the whole effect after the project is implemented is emphasized more, and this is also the original intention of sponge city construction. Therefore, the effect evaluation index is for the whole project or parcel, not for the sponge city individual facility. The monomer facilities reach the standard and cannot guarantee that the overall sponge effect of the project reaches the expected or designed target, only evaluation of the monomer facilities in the sponge city is not scientific and precise enough, and the monomer facilities in the sponge city are evaluated only, so that the sponge city facilities are fragmented, and the overall effect is difficult to guarantee. However, the relevant guidelines or specifications, especially the construction quality and acceptance specifications, are heavily focused on the construction and effect assessment of the single facilities, and lack the relevant requirements for the overall effect assessment of the project.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method, which has strong operability and is economic and reasonable, so that the evaluation of the sponge city project construction effect and the overall quality is more systematic and scientific, and references and bases are provided for sponge city project construction and quality acceptance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method comprises the steps of collecting data of preliminary design, construction drawings, operation maintenance conditions and monitoring data of sponge city projects, then taking four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource as evaluation contents, comprehensively evaluating the sponge city project construction effect and overall quality in four aspects, and giving a conclusion whether the sponge city projects reach the standard or not;
safe for water:
the evaluation indexes comprise accumulated water control and waterlogging prevention and treatment;
evaluation criteria for standing water control: under the rainfall condition corresponding to the project rainwater pipe canal design recurrence period, the water depth of accumulated water at a road low-lying position (a flat kerb at the edge of a road surface or a side ditch formed between the road surface and a vertical kerb and used for collecting and discharging the accumulated water on the road surface) is not more than 15cm, and the water withdrawal time after rain is not more than 30 min; the evaluation method of the accumulated water control is monitoring or field inspection;
evaluation criteria for prevention and treatment of waterlogging: under the condition of rainstorm corresponding to the project waterlogging prevention and control design recurrence period, waterlogging does not occur, namely, water does not enter the bottom layers of residential buildings and industrial and commercial buildings, and the depth of water accumulated in one lane in a road does not exceed 15 cm; the evaluation method for preventing and treating the waterlogging is monitoring or on-site inspection;
for aqueous environments:
the evaluation indexes are water quality, discharge port pollution control and runoff pollution control;
evaluation criteria of water quality: 1) the design requirement is met; 2) the black and odorous phenomenon can not occur; 3) the water quality is superior to that before sponge city construction; 4) when the river water system exists in the upstream incoming water, the water quality of the downstream section of the dry sky is not inferior to that of the upstream incoming water; the water quality evaluation method is field monitoring;
evaluation criteria for vent pollution control: 1) the drainage port of the rainwater pipe network and the dry weather are directly drained without sewage and wastewater; 2) the annual overflow volume control rate, the annual overflow frequency and the SS concentration of the effluent of a discharge port treatment facility meet the design requirements, and when the design does not meet the requirements, the requirements of local relevant standards or the GB/T51345 (sponge city construction evaluation Standard) are met; the evaluation method of the pollution control of the discharge port comprises field inspection and monitoring;
evaluation criteria of runoff pollution control indexes: the runoff pollution reduction rate (calculated by the total suspended matter TSS) of the project meets the requirements of design or relevant regulations; the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is evaluated by the modification project through a monitoring method, the project is newly built or the project of which the original runoff pollution data cannot be obtained is obtained, and the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is calculated through a weighted average method;
for water ecology:
the evaluation indexes are ecological shoreline rate and annual runoff total amount control rate;
evaluation criteria of ecological shoreline rate: the ecological shoreline rate requirement of design or relevant regulation is met; the ecological shoreline rate evaluation method comprises the steps of measuring the length of an ecological shoreline on site, and calculating whether the ecological shoreline rate reaches the standard or not by using the ratio of the measured ecological shoreline length to the total shoreline length;
evaluation criteria of total annual runoff control rate: the requirement of the total annual runoff quantity control rate of design or related regulation is met; the method for evaluating the total annual runoff control rate comprises a volume method, a monitoring method and a designed rainfall method, wherein a proper method is selected according to the actual condition of a project, the volume method combines design check and field inspection, the operation is convenient, artificial errors exist, the monitoring method is suitable for the project with the monitoring equipment, the acceptance time is long, the cost is high, the deviation is large when the project meets the rich water year or the dry water year, the designed rainfall method is suitable for the project which needs to be accepted within 1 year or meets the rich water year and the dry water year, the monitoring cost is high, and the actual rainfall and the designed rainfall are approximately equivalent to each other;
for water resources:
the evaluation index is the rainwater resource utilization rate;
the rainwater resource utilization rate is an encouraging index, and an evaluation standard is not set; the method for evaluating the utilization rate of the rainwater resources comprises the ratio of the total amount of rainwater (including the rainwater amount merged into landscape and water and the rainwater amount naturally permeated) to the annual average rainfall (converted into millimeters) or the proportion of tap water substituted by the utilization amount of the rainwater, wherein the total amount of the rainwater is collected and used for road watering, garden green land irrigation, municipal miscellaneous use, industrial and agricultural production, cooling and the like.
Evaluation method for water quality: in the field monitoring, the arrangement of a water body monitoring section, a monitoring vertical line and a sampling point is in accordance with the regulations of local administrative departments and technical Specifications for monitoring surface water and sewage HJ/T91, a river system with upstream water is provided, monitoring points are set on the upstream and downstream sections, sampling is carried out for at least 1 time every 1-2 weeks, continuous measurement is carried out for 1 year, an analysis method of water quality indexes is in accordance with the regulations of surface water environmental quality Standard GB3838, and the monthly average value of the water quality indexes of each monitoring point is in accordance with the design requirements and local relevant standards or the requirements of sponge city construction evaluation Standard GB/T51345.
Evaluation method for vent pollution control: 1) the direct discharge control of sewage and wastewater in dry days is evaluated by adopting a field inspection method, the inspection is continuously carried out for 1 year, 1 time of dry day (the interval between the dry day and the previous rainfall is more than 24 hours) inspection is randomly selected every month, and the direct discharge phenomenon of the sewage and wastewater is up to the standard after 12 inspections all the year round; 2) the annual overflow volume control rate and the annual overflow frequency are evaluated in a field monitoring mode, and a flow monitoring device is installed at an overflow discharge port for continuous monitoring for 1 year; 3) the SS concentration of the effluent of the discharge port treatment facility is evaluated in a field monitoring mode, a water quality monitoring device is installed at a water outlet, the effluent is sampled at least 1 time each time, and the continuous monitoring is carried out for 1 year.
For the evaluation method of the runoff pollution control index, when the monitoring method is adopted by the modification project to evaluate the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project:
screening at least 2 actual rainfalls with the rainfall not exceeding 10% and the rainfall floating of the project design rainfall, and the rainfall interval with the previous rainfall being larger than the facility design emptying time, calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by actually measuring the total amount of pollutants generated by the project before and after sponge city construction and adopting the following formula
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
Qij-the rainwater discharge capacity m of the jth rainwater discharge pipe network outlet of the project in the monitoring time interval from the (i-1) th to the ith time after the project is built3；
CijThe concentration of TSS in a j rainwater drainage pipe network outlet water sample collected in the ith time after the building is finished is mg/L;
C0ikthe concentration of TSS in the runoff rainwater sample of the kth underlying surface collected in the ith time before construction is mg/L;
Ak-the area of the kth underlying surface in the project, m2；
Hi-rainfall, mm, synchronously acquired in the (i-1) th and the i-th monitoring time intervals.
For the evaluation method of the runoff pollution control index, a project is newly established or a project which cannot acquire original runoff pollution data is obtained, and when the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is calculated by adopting a weighted average method:
1) dividing a project into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to a design drawing and field observation and the range of the underlying surface of the sponge facility for controlling rainwater runoff;
2) and (5) counting the runoff pollution reduction rate of each sub-catchment area. When the sub-catchment area is provided with the sponge facility, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to the pollutant removal rate of the sponge facility; when no sponge facility exists in the sub-catchment area, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to zero;
3) calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project according to the following formula by adopting a weighted average method
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
ηi-runoff contamination reduction rate,%, of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
For the evaluation method of the total annual runoff quantity control rate, when a volume method is adopted:
dividing the project into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to a design drawing and field observation and according to the range of the underlying surface of the rainwater runoff controlled by the sponge facility, correspondingly obtaining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas by counting the runoff volume controlled by the sub-catchment areas, and carrying out weighted average on the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
1) calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of each sub-catchment area;
a) counting the total volume of runoff actually controlled by all sponge facilities in the sub-catchment area;
counting the actual controlled runoff volume of each sponge facility in the sub-catchment area according to a design drawing and on-site observation to obtain the total volume of the actual controlled runoff of the sub-catchment area, wherein the actual runoff control volume calculation method of various facilities is specified in 5.1.2 of sponge city construction evaluation Standard GB/T51345;
b) calculating rainfall corresponding to runoff control volume of the catchment area;
calculating the corresponding rainfall according to the actual controlled runoff volume of the sub-catchment area by adopting the following formula
In the formula: hiThe actual controlled rainfall of the ith sub-catchment area is mm;
Vi-total volume of runoff actually controlled by ith sub-catchment area, m3；
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2；
c) Determining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment area;
according to the actual rainfall controlled by the sub-catchment areas, looking up a local relation curve graph between the annual runoff total control rate of rainwater and the designed rainfall depth to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas;
when all the sub-catchment areas are impervious underlying surfaces and no sponge facilities are arranged, the actual annual runoff total control rate is zero; when all the sub-catchment areas are permeable bedding surfaces and no sponge facilities are available, the actual annual runoff total amount control rate is calculated by adopting the following formula
In the formula: ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
2) calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the whole project by adopting the following formula
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
For the evaluation method of the total annual runoff control rate, when a monitoring method is adopted:
installing a rainfall monitoring device in the project area to acquire real-time rainfall data; installing flow monitoring devices at all rainwater discharge ports or inspection wells for accessing the project to the municipal pipe network, and continuously (not less than 1 year, and the monitoring frequency is not less than 1 time per 15 minutes) monitoring to obtain runoff data of rainwater discharged outside the project; calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project by adopting the following formula
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Qitotal runoff amount m discharged by project during ith rainfall in a single year3；
hiThe field rainfall, mm, when the ith rainfall occurs within a single year.
F-total area of the project, hm2。
For the evaluation method of the total annual runoff quantity control rate, when a rainfall design method is adopted:
screening at least 2 actual rainfalls of which the rainfall and the project design rainfall do not float more than 10% and the rainfall interval with the previous rainfall is more than the facility design emptying time, and in the rainfall occurrence process, connecting a rainwater discharge port or an inspection well of a municipal pipe network without rainwater runoff discharge, or actually measuring the discharged rainwater amount to be less than the rainwater amount calculated by the following formula, and judging that the project reaches the designed annual runoff total amount control rate;
the rainwater discharge amount after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment is calculated according to the following formula
Qs＝∑qsj·t (7)
qsj＝q0j*α (8)
In the formula: qsIn the rainfall process, the rainwater discharge amount m is obtained after percolation, precipitation and purification treatment by a sponge facility3；
qsjDuring rainfall, the jth rainwater discharge port discharges rainwater flow m after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment3/s；
t-duration of rainfall, s;
q0j-the flow of rainwater discharged from the jth rainwater discharge outlet m after 30min of rainfall3/s；
Alpha-pipeline interception coefficient is generally 1.2-1.5, the pipeline has more adverse slopes, and the service life is long.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention aims at the problems that the existing sponge city evaluation system is single and the construction effect evaluation of single facilities is mainly aimed at, the construction effect evaluation of the whole or parcel sponge city project is divided into four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource, economic, reasonable, real, objective and high-representativeness evaluation indexes are determined in each evaluation project, and corresponding evaluation standards and evaluation methods are provided for each evaluation index, so that the evaluation method is strong in operability and economic and reasonable, the construction effect and the whole quality of the sponge city project are more systematic and scientific, and references and bases are provided for construction and quality acceptance of the sponge city project.
The overall quality evaluation method of the invention focuses more on the overall effect after the project implementation, the effect evaluation index is directed at the whole project or a district, and is not directed at a single facility of a sponge city, the sponge city project constructed in a PPP mode has the most overall evaluation condition, so that the conditional city is suggested, and the overall effect evaluation work is tried to be carried out gradually in the PPP, EPC and other project types.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an evaluation index diagram of the sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The invention provides a sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method after construction of a sponge city project is completed. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: collecting and arranging data such as preliminary design, construction drawings, operation maintenance conditions, monitoring data and the like by combining the construction conditions of sponge city projects;
the second step is that: and (4) carrying out water safety evaluation on the sponge city project, wherein the evaluation indexes of the water safety include accumulated water control and waterlogging prevention and control. And (3) accumulated water control evaluation standard: under the rainfall condition corresponding to the project rainwater pipe canal design recurrence period, the water depth of accumulated water at a road low-lying position (a flat kerb at the edge of a road surface or a side ditch formed between the road surface and a vertical kerb and used for collecting and discharging the accumulated water on the road surface) is not more than 15cm, and the water withdrawal time after rain is not more than 30 min. And 4, evaluation criteria of waterlogging prevention and treatment: under the condition of rainstorm corresponding to the project waterlogging prevention and control design reappearance period, waterlogging does not occur, namely, water does not enter the bottom layers of residential buildings and industrial and commercial buildings, and the depth of water accumulated in one lane in a road does not exceed 15 cm. The method for controlling the ponding and preventing and evaluating the waterlogging mainly adopts a monitoring or on-site inspection method.
The third step: and (4) carrying out water environment evaluation on the sponge city project, wherein the evaluation indexes of the water environment comprise three indexes of water quality, discharge port pollution control and runoff pollution control.
(1) And (3) water quality evaluation standard: 1) the design requirement is met; 2) the black and odorous phenomenon can not occur; 3) the water quality is superior to that before sponge city construction; 4) when the river water system exists in the upstream incoming water, the water quality of the downstream section of the dry sky is not inferior to that of the upstream incoming water. The water quality evaluation method is field monitoring. Sampling should be performed at least 1 time every 1-2 weeks, and continuous measurement is performed for 1 year.
(2) Discharge port pollution control evaluation criteria: 1) the drainage port of the rain pipe network is directly drained without sewage and wastewater in dry days; 2) the annual overflow volume control rate, the annual overflow frequency and the SS concentration of the effluent of the discharge port treatment facility meet the design requirements, and when the design does not meet the requirements, the requirements of local relevant standards or the 'evaluation standard for sponge city construction' GB/T51345 are met. The evaluation method of the pollution control of the discharge port is field inspection and monitoring. 1) The direct discharge control of the sewage and the wastewater in the dry weather is evaluated by adopting a field inspection method, and the inspection is continuously carried out for 1 year. Randomly selecting 1 time of dry day (the interval with the previous rainfall is more than 24 hours) for inspection every month, and reaching the standard if no sewage and waste water are directly discharged after 12 times of inspection in the whole year. 2) The annual overflow volume control rate and the annual overflow frequency are evaluated in a field monitoring mode, and a flow monitoring device is installed at an overflow discharge outlet and is continuously monitored for 1 year. 3) The SS concentration of the effluent of the discharge port treatment facility is evaluated in a field monitoring mode, a water quality monitoring device is installed at a water outlet, the effluent is sampled at least 1 time each time, and the continuous monitoring is carried out for 1 year.
(3) Evaluation criteria of runoff pollution control indexes: the runoff pollution reduction rate (in terms of the total suspended matter TSS) of the project meets the requirements of design or relevant regulations. According to the project of newly building or rebuilding a sponge city, the evaluation method is different, and the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is evaluated by the rebuilding project by a monitoring method; and calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by adopting a weighted average method for the newly-built project or the project which cannot obtain the original runoff pollution data.
The first evaluation method comprises the following steps: and evaluating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by a monitoring method.
For the transformation project, screening at least 2 actual rainfalls, the rainfall floating amount of which is not more than 10% of the rainfall floating amount of the project design and the rainfall interval of which with the previous rainfall is more than the facility design emptying time, actually measuring the total amount of pollutants generated by the project before and after sponge city construction, and calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by adopting the following formula.
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
Qij-the rainwater discharge capacity m of the jth rainwater discharge pipe network outlet of the project in the monitoring time interval from the (i-1) th to the ith time after the project is built3；
CijThe concentration of TSS in a j rainwater drainage pipe network outlet water sample collected in the ith time after the building is finished is mg/L;
C0ikthe concentration of TSS in the runoff rainwater sample of the kth underlying surface collected in the ith time before construction is mg/L;
Ak-the area of the kth underlying surface in the project, m2；
Hi-rainfall, mm, synchronously acquired in the (i-1) th and the i-th monitoring time intervals.
And a second evaluation method: and calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by a weighted average method.
The method is adopted for a new project or a project which cannot acquire original runoff pollution data.
1) According to design drawings and field observation, the project is divided into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to the underlying surface range of the sponge facility for controlling rainwater runoff.
2) And (5) counting the runoff pollution reduction rate of each sub-catchment area. When the sub-catchment area is provided with the sponge facility, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to the pollutant removal rate of the sponge facility; when no sponge facility exists in the sub-catchment area, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to zero.
3) And calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project according to the following formula by adopting a weighted average method.
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
ηi-runoff contamination reduction rate,%, of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
The fourth step: and (4) performing water ecology evaluation on the sponge city project, wherein the evaluation indexes of the water ecology are ecological shoreline rate and annual runoff total amount control rate.
(1) The evaluation standard of the ecological shoreline rate is to meet the ecological shoreline rate requirement of design or relevant regulation; the evaluation method comprises the steps of measuring the length of the ecological shoreline on site, and calculating whether the ecological shoreline rate reaches the standard or not by using the ratio of the measured ecological shoreline length to the total shoreline length.
(2) The evaluation standard of the total annual runoff quantity control rate is to meet the requirement of the total annual runoff quantity control rate of design or relevant regulations, and the evaluation method comprises a volume method, a monitoring method and a design rainfall method, and can be selected according to the actual conditions of the project.
The first evaluation method comprises the following steps: and evaluating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project by a volumetric method.
According to design drawings and field observation, dividing a project into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to the range of the underlying surface of the rainwater runoff controlled by the sponge facility, correspondingly obtaining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas by counting the runoff volume controlled by the sub-catchment areas, and carrying out weighted average on the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project.
1) And calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of each sub-catchment area.
a) And (4) counting the total volume of runoff actually controlled by all sponge facilities in the sub-catchment area.
And (4) counting the actual controlled runoff volume of each sponge facility in the sub-catchment area according to a design drawing and field observation to obtain the actual controlled runoff total volume of the sub-catchment area. The actual runoff control volume calculation method of various facilities is specified in 5.1.2 in the evaluation standard for sponge city construction GB/T51345.
b) And calculating the rainfall corresponding to the runoff control volume of the catchment area.
And calculating the corresponding rainfall according to the actual controlled runoff volume of the sub-catchment area by adopting the following formula.
In the formula: hiThe actual controlled rainfall of the ith sub-catchment area is mm;
Vi-total volume of runoff actually controlled by ith sub-catchment area, m3；
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
c) And determining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub catchment area.
According to the actual rainfall controlled by the sub-catchment areas, a local relation curve graph of the annual runoff total control rate of the rainwater and the designed rainfall depth is consulted to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas.
When all the sub-catchment areas are impervious underlying surfaces and no sponge facilities are arranged, the actual annual runoff total control rate is zero; and when all the sub-catchment areas are permeable bedding surfaces and no sponge facilities exist, calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate by adopting the following formula.
In the formula: ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
2) And calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project.
The actual annual runoff total control rate of the whole project is calculated by adopting the following formula.
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
And a second evaluation method: and evaluating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project by a monitoring method.
Installing a rainfall monitoring device in the project area to acquire real-time rainfall data; installing flow monitoring devices at all rainwater discharge ports or inspection wells for accessing the project to the municipal pipe network, and continuously (not less than 1 year, and the monitoring frequency is not less than 1 time per 15 minutes) monitoring to obtain runoff data of rainwater discharged outside the project; and calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project by adopting the following formula.
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Qitotal runoff amount m discharged by project during ith rainfall in a single year3；
hiThe field rainfall, mm, when the ith rainfall occurs within a single year.
F-total area of the project, hm2。
The third evaluation method comprises the following steps: and designing a rainfall method to evaluate the actual annual runoff total control rate.
Screening at least 2 actual rainfalls with the rainfall not exceeding 10% and the project design rainfall floating, wherein the rainfall interval with the previous rainfall is larger than the facility design emptying time, and in the rainfall occurrence process, no rainfall runoff is discharged at a rainwater discharge port or an inspection well which is connected to a municipal pipe network, or the actually measured discharged rainfall is smaller than the rainfall calculated by the following formula, so that the project can be judged to reach the designed annual runoff total control rate.
The rainwater discharge amount after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment is calculated according to the following formula.
Qs＝∑qsj·t (7)
qsj＝q0j*α (8)
In the formula: qsIn the rainfall process, the rainwater discharge amount m is obtained after percolation, precipitation and purification treatment by a sponge facility3；
qsjDuring rainfall, the jth rainwater discharge port discharges rainwater flow m after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment3/s；
t-duration of rainfall, s;
q0j-the flow of rainwater discharged from the jth rainwater discharge outlet m after 30min of rainfall3/s；
Alpha-pipeline interception coefficient is generally 1.2-1.5, the pipeline has more adverse slopes, and the service life is long.
The fifth step: the evaluation index of the water resource is the utilization rate of the rainwater resource, belongs to the encouraging index in sponge city planning, but has very important supporting function in the aspects of improving the utilization rate of the water resource and promoting the development of green and high quality, and solves the development bottleneck of water resource shortage in China. The specific evaluation method is the ratio of the total amount of rainwater (year by year, excluding the amount of rainwater merged into landscape, water and naturally permeated rainwater) collected and used for road watering, garden green land irrigation, municipal miscellaneous use, industrial and agricultural production, cooling and the like to the annual average rainfall (converted into millimeters), or the proportion of tap water substituted by the utilization amount of rainwater.
And a sixth step: and comprehensively evaluating the sponge city project by integrating the evaluation indexes of the four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource, and giving a conclusion whether the sponge city project reaches the standard or not.
The invention aims at the problems that the existing sponge city evaluation system is single and the construction effect evaluation of single facilities is mainly aimed at, the construction effect evaluation of the whole or parcel sponge city project is divided into four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource, economic, reasonable, real, objective and high-representativeness evaluation indexes are determined in each evaluation project, and corresponding evaluation standards and evaluation methods are provided for each evaluation index, so that the evaluation method is strong in operability and economic and reasonable, the construction effect and the whole quality of the sponge city project are more systematic and scientific, and references and bases are provided for construction and quality acceptance of the sponge city project.
The overall quality evaluation method of the invention focuses more on the overall effect after the project implementation, the effect evaluation index is directed at the whole project or a district, and is not directed at a single facility of a sponge city, the sponge city project constructed in a PPP mode has the most overall evaluation condition, so that the conditional city is suggested, and the overall effect evaluation work is tried to be carried out gradually in the PPP, EPC and other project types.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, collecting data of preliminary design, construction drawings, operation maintenance conditions and monitoring data of sponge city projects, then comprehensively evaluating construction effects and overall quality of the sponge city projects by taking four aspects of water safety, water environment, water ecology and water resource as evaluation contents, and giving a conclusion whether the sponge city projects reach the standard or not;
safe for water:
the evaluation indexes comprise accumulated water control and waterlogging prevention and treatment;
evaluation criteria for standing water control: under the rainfall condition corresponding to the project rainwater pipe canal design recurrence period, the water depth of accumulated water at the road low-lying position is not more than 15cm, and the water retreating time after rain is not more than 30 min; the evaluation method of the accumulated water control is monitoring or field inspection;
evaluation criteria for prevention and treatment of waterlogging: under the condition of rainstorm corresponding to the project waterlogging prevention and control design recurrence period, waterlogging does not occur, namely, water does not enter the bottom layers of residential buildings and industrial and commercial buildings, and the depth of water accumulated in one lane in a road does not exceed 15 cm; the evaluation method for preventing and treating the waterlogging is monitoring or on-site inspection;
for aqueous environments:
the evaluation indexes are water quality, discharge port pollution control and runoff pollution control;
evaluation criteria of water quality: 1) the design requirement is met; 2) the black and odorous phenomenon can not occur; 3) the water quality is superior to that before sponge city construction; 4) when the river water system exists in the upstream incoming water, the water quality of the downstream section of the dry sky is not inferior to that of the upstream incoming water; the water quality evaluation method is field monitoring;
evaluation criteria for vent pollution control: 1) the drainage port of the rainwater pipe network and the dry weather are directly drained without sewage and wastewater; 2) the annual overflow volume control rate, the annual overflow frequency and the SS concentration of the effluent of a discharge port treatment facility meet the design requirements, and when the design does not meet the requirements, the requirements of local relevant standards or the GB/T51345 (sponge city construction evaluation Standard) are met; the evaluation method of the pollution control of the discharge port comprises field inspection and monitoring;
evaluation criteria of runoff pollution control indexes: the runoff pollution reduction rate (calculated by the total suspended matter TSS) of the project meets the requirements of design or relevant regulations; the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is evaluated by the modification project through a monitoring method, the project is newly built or the project of which the original runoff pollution data cannot be obtained is obtained, and the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is calculated through a weighted average method;
for water ecology:
the evaluation indexes are ecological shoreline rate and annual runoff total amount control rate;
evaluation criteria of ecological shoreline rate: the ecological shoreline rate requirement of design or relevant regulation is met; the ecological shoreline rate evaluation method comprises the steps of measuring the length of an ecological shoreline on site, and calculating whether the ecological shoreline rate reaches the standard or not by using the ratio of the measured ecological shoreline length to the total shoreline length;
evaluation criteria of total annual runoff control rate: the requirement of the total annual runoff quantity control rate of design or related regulation is met; the method for evaluating the total annual runoff control rate comprises a volume method, a monitoring method and a designed rainfall method, wherein a proper method is selected according to the actual condition of a project, the volume method combines design check and field inspection, the operation is convenient, artificial errors exist, the monitoring method is suitable for the project with the monitoring equipment, the acceptance time is long, the cost is high, the deviation is large when the project meets the rich water year or the dry water year, the designed rainfall method is suitable for the project which needs to be accepted within 1 year or meets the rich water year and the dry water year, the monitoring cost is high, and the actual rainfall and the designed rainfall are approximately equivalent to each other;
for water resources:
the evaluation index is the rainwater resource utilization rate;
the rainwater resource utilization rate is an encouraging index, and an evaluation standard is not set; the method for evaluating the utilization rate of the rainwater resources comprises the steps of collecting rainwater and using the rainwater for road watering, garden green land irrigation, municipal miscellaneous use, industrial and agricultural production, and the ratio of the total amount of the cooled rainwater to the annual average rainfall or the proportion of tap water substituted by the utilization amount of the rainwater.
2. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
evaluation method for water quality: in the field monitoring, the arrangement of a water body monitoring section, a monitoring vertical line and a sampling point is in accordance with the regulations of local administrative departments and technical Specifications for monitoring surface water and sewage HJ/T91, a river system with upstream water is provided, monitoring points are set on the upstream and downstream sections, sampling is carried out for at least 1 time every 1-2 weeks, continuous measurement is carried out for 1 year, an analysis method of water quality indexes is in accordance with the regulations of surface water environmental quality Standard GB3838, and the monthly average value of the water quality indexes of each monitoring point is in accordance with the design requirements and local relevant standards or the requirements of sponge city construction evaluation Standard GB/T51345.
3. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
evaluation method for vent pollution control: 1) the direct discharge control of the sewage and the wastewater in the dry day is evaluated by adopting a field inspection method, the inspection is continuously carried out for 1 year, 1 time of dry day inspection is randomly selected every month, and the direct discharge phenomenon of the sewage and the wastewater is up to the standard after 12 times of inspection in the whole year; 2) the annual overflow volume control rate and the annual overflow frequency are evaluated in a field monitoring mode, and a flow monitoring device is installed at an overflow discharge port for continuous monitoring for 1 year; 3) the SS concentration of the effluent of the discharge port treatment facility is evaluated in a field monitoring mode, a water quality monitoring device is installed at a water outlet, the effluent is sampled at least 1 time each time, and the continuous monitoring is carried out for 1 year.
4. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
for the evaluation method of the runoff pollution control index, when the monitoring method is adopted by the modification project to evaluate the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project:
screening at least 2 actual rainfalls with the rainfall not exceeding 10% and the rainfall floating of the project design rainfall, and the rainfall interval with the previous rainfall being larger than the facility design emptying time, calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project by actually measuring the total amount of pollutants generated by the project before and after sponge city construction and adopting the following formula
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
Qij-the rainwater discharge capacity m of the jth rainwater discharge pipe network outlet of the project in the monitoring time interval from the (i-1) th to the ith time after the project is built3；
Cij-after construction, in the outlet water sample of the jth rainwater drainage pipe network collected at the ith timeConcentration of TSS, mg/L;
C0ikthe concentration of TSS in the runoff rainwater sample of the kth underlying surface collected in the ith time before construction is mg/L;
Ak-the area of the kth underlying surface in the project, m2；
Hi-rainfall, mm, synchronously acquired in the (i-1) th and the i-th monitoring time intervals.
5. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
for the evaluation method of the runoff pollution control index, a project is newly established or a project which cannot acquire original runoff pollution data is obtained, and when the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project is calculated by adopting a weighted average method:
1) dividing a project into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to a design drawing and field observation and the range of the underlying surface of the sponge facility for controlling rainwater runoff;
2) and (5) counting the runoff pollution reduction rate of each sub-catchment area. When the sub-catchment area is provided with the sponge facility, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to the pollutant removal rate of the sponge facility; when no sponge facility exists in the sub-catchment area, the runoff pollution reduction rate is equal to zero;
3) calculating the runoff pollution reduction rate of the project according to the following formula by adopting a weighted average method
In the formula: eta-runoff contamination reduction rate of project,%;
ηi-runoff contamination reduction rate,%, of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
6. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
for the evaluation method of the total annual runoff quantity control rate, when a volume method is adopted:
dividing the project into a plurality of sub-catchment areas according to a design drawing and field observation and according to the range of the underlying surface of the rainwater runoff controlled by the sponge facility, correspondingly obtaining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas by counting the runoff volume controlled by the sub-catchment areas, and carrying out weighted average on the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
1) calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of each sub-catchment area;
a) counting the total volume of runoff actually controlled by all sponge facilities in the sub-catchment area;
counting the actual controlled runoff volume of each sponge facility in the sub-catchment area according to a design drawing and on-site observation to obtain the total volume of the actual controlled runoff of the sub-catchment area, wherein the actual runoff control volume calculation method of various facilities is specified in 5.1.2 of sponge city construction evaluation Standard GB/T51345;
b) calculating rainfall corresponding to runoff control volume of the catchment area;
calculating the corresponding rainfall according to the actual controlled runoff volume of the sub-catchment area by adopting the following formula
In the formula: hiThe actual controlled rainfall of the ith sub-catchment area is mm;
Vi-total volume of runoff actually controlled by ith sub-catchment area, m3；
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2；
c) Determining the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment area;
according to the actual rainfall controlled by the sub-catchment areas, looking up a local relation curve graph between the annual runoff total control rate of rainwater and the designed rainfall depth to obtain the actual annual runoff total control rate of the sub-catchment areas;
when all the sub-catchment areas are impervious underlying surfaces and no sponge facilities are arranged, the actual annual runoff total control rate is zero; when all the sub-catchment areas are permeable bedding surfaces and no sponge facilities are available, the actual annual runoff total amount control rate is calculated by adopting the following formula
In the formula: ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
2) calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the whole project by adopting the following formula
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Ki-actual annual runoff total control rate of the ith sub-catchment area;
Fi-area of the ith sub-catchment area, hm2。
7. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
for the evaluation method of the total annual runoff control rate, when a monitoring method is adopted:
installing a rainfall monitoring device in the project area to acquire real-time rainfall data; installing flow monitoring devices at all rainwater discharge ports or inspection wells for accessing projects into the municipal pipe network, and continuously monitoring to obtain runoff data of rainwater discharged outside the projects; calculating the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project by adopting the following formula
In the formula: k is the actual annual runoff total control rate of the project;
Qitotal runoff amount m discharged by project during ith rainfall in a single year3；
hiThe field rainfall, mm, when the ith rainfall occurs within a single year.
F-total area of the project, hm2。
8. The sponge city project construction effect and overall quality evaluation method of claim 1, characterized in that:
for the evaluation method of the total annual runoff quantity control rate, when a rainfall design method is adopted:
screening at least 2 actual rainfalls of which the rainfall and the project design rainfall do not float more than 10% and the rainfall interval with the previous rainfall is more than the facility design emptying time, and in the rainfall occurrence process, connecting a rainwater discharge port or an inspection well of a municipal pipe network without rainwater runoff discharge, or actually measuring the discharged rainwater amount to be less than the rainwater amount calculated by the following formula, and judging that the project reaches the designed annual runoff total amount control rate;
the rainwater discharge amount after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment is calculated according to the following formula
Qs＝∑qsj·t (7)
qsj＝q0j*α (8)
In the formula: qsIn the rainfall process, the rainwater discharge amount m is obtained after percolation, precipitation and purification treatment by a sponge facility3；
qsjDuring rainfall, the jth rainwater discharge port discharges rainwater flow m after facility percolation and precipitation purification treatment3/s；
t-duration of rainfall, s;
q0j-the flow of rainwater discharged from the jth rainwater discharge outlet m after 30min of rainfall3/s；
Alpha-pipeline interception coefficient is generally 1.2-1.5, the pipeline has more adverse slopes, and the service life is long.
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| CN116109206A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-05-12 | 珠海市清创生态环境有限公司 | Construction effect evaluation method and device for sponge facility, terminal and storage medium |
| CN116822923A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-09-29 | 深圳市城市规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Intelligent full-flow management system for sponge city construction project |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116109206A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-05-12 | 珠海市清创生态环境有限公司 | Construction effect evaluation method and device for sponge facility, terminal and storage medium |
| CN116822923A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-09-29 | 深圳市城市规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | Intelligent full-flow management system for sponge city construction project |
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