CN114384592A - Magnetic susceptibility sounding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a susceptibility sounding method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, synchronously observing mutually orthogonal horizontal magnetic fields on a measuring point and a base point to obtain a magnetic field time sequence H of the measuring point changing along with timex(t)、Hy(t) and the magnetic field time sequence H of the base pointxb(t)、Hyb(t), then carrying out frequency spectrum estimation on the observed time series of the magnetic fields of the measuring points and the base point of the simultaneous period to obtain the frequency spectrum H of each measuring point under the same frequencyx(f)、Hy(f) Frequency spectrum H of the sum basexb(f)、Hyb(f) Then, correspondingly subtracting the magnetic field frequency spectrums of the measuring points and the base point in the same direction and at the same frequency to obtain the magnetic field difference value delta H of each frequency pointx(f)，ΔHy(f) Calculating total horizontal magnetic field difference value delta H (f), namely the magnetic difference value of each frequency point, and then calculating the total horizontal magnetic field value H relative to the base pointb(f) The relative difference value epsilon (f), namely the difference value of the magnetic susceptibility, is finally determined according to the different frequency pairsAnd magnetic difference data of different depths or relative magnetic field difference values relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point can be obtained according to different skin depths, and magnetic field depth measurement can be completed more accurately and efficiently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a magnetic susceptibility sounding method.
Background
The variation law of the earth magnetic field according to the field source and the magnetic field can be expressed as (vector) T ═ Tsi+Tse+δTi+δTeWherein: t issiThe earth's endogenous stable field is composed of an earth basic magnetic field, and abnormal fields generated by rock ores and geologic bodies in the earth crust under the magnetization effect of the basic magnetic field; t isseIs a steady state field originating outside the earth; delta TiIs an endogenous field of change; delta TeIs an external source variable magnetic field.
At present, the method for geophysical exploration based on observation of geodetic magnetic differences is mainly traditional magnetic exploration, namely steady-state geomagnetic field observation, and the research is mainly to eliminate abnormal fields generated by rock ores and geologic bodies in the crust under the magnetization effect of a basic magnetic field after short-term change.
The traditional magnetic method only measures a steady-state geomagnetic abnormal field and does not have a depth measuring function physically, and in order to obtain deep magnetic abnormality, the approximate depth of a magnetic abnormal source is generally deduced through an algorithm of mathematical up-and-down delay. Because the height of the upward extension or the depth of the downward extension is limited, in addition, the downward extension belongs to the problem of unsuitability in mathematics, and some uncertain or interference values in the observed data can be amplified greatly in the processing process of the downward extension, so that the effect, the resolution and the accuracy are not enough.
In addition, there is a geomagnetic gradient sounding method for mainly observing horizontal magnetic field H varying with timex，HyAnd a vertical magnetic field HzAnd calculating a magnetic parameter C by analyzing the relationship between the horizontal magnetic field and the vertical magnetic field
Then, apparent resistivity (rho) is calculated according to the magnetic parameterss＝ωμ|C|2). Therefore, the research on geomagnetic gradient sounding is about electrical structure, and the magnetic difference distribution at different underground depths cannot be evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic susceptibility sounding method to solve the problem that the existing method cannot evaluate the magnetic difference distribution at different underground depths.
In order to solve the problems, the specific technical scheme of the susceptibility sounding method is as follows:
a magnetic susceptibility sounding method comprises the following steps:
s1, synchronously observing mutually orthogonal horizontal magnetic fields on the measuring points and the base point to obtain a time sequence H of the magnetic fields of the measuring points changing along with timex(t)、Hy(t) and the magnetic field time sequence H of the base pointxb(t)、Hyb(t)；
S2, carrying out frequency spectrum statistical estimation on the magnetic field time sequence of each measuring point and the base point of the simultaneous segment observed in the step S1 to obtain the frequency spectrum H of each measuring point under the same frequencyx(f)、Hy(f) Frequency spectrum H of the sum basexb(f)、Hyb(f)；
S3, subtracting the same direction and same frequency of the magnetic field frequency spectrum of each measuring point and the base point obtained in the step S2 to obtain the magnetic field difference value delta H of each frequency pointx(f)，ΔHy(f) Calculating total horizontal magnetic field difference value delta H (f), namely the magnetic difference value of each frequency point, and further calculating the total horizontal magnetic field value H of each frequency point relative to the base pointb(f) The value of the relative difference e (f), i.e. the value of the difference in magnetic susceptibility, is given by the formula:
ΔHx(f)＝Hx(f)-Hxb(f)
ΔHy(f)＝Hy(f)-Hyb(f)
ε(f)＝ΔH(f)/Hb(f)
and S4, obtaining magnetic difference data or magnetic susceptibility difference data of different depths according to different skin depths corresponding to different frequencies and combining the magnetic difference values obtained in the step S3, and completing magnetic field depth measurement.
Further, the base point is selected at a place which has no electromagnetic interference and is weaker in rock and mineral magnetism relative to the target body, the distance between the base point and the measuring point is not more than 10km, and the distance between the measuring point and the measuring point is not more than 10 km.
Further, the observation direction of the magnetic field at each measuring point is required to be consistent with that of the magnetic field at the base point, the same acquisition system with good consistency and the same acquisition parameters are adopted, and the same acquisition parameters comprise acquisition frequency fsAnd a collection time period T.
Further, the acquisition parameters must satisfy the sampling theorem.
Furthermore, the spectrum estimation method and parameters of each measuring point and each base point need to be consistent.
Further, the spectrum estimation method is FFT spectrum estimation, and the same parameters include: data of the same period, the same FFT length.
Further, in step S4, the magnetic difference data of different depths or the relative difference value with respect to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point is obtained by corresponding to different skin depths according to different frequencies, where the skin depth calculation formula is:
where f is the frequency and ρ is the resistivity.
Further, the resistivity ρ is obtained according to the magnetotelluric method.
The susceptibility sounding method of the invention has the following advantages: the method analyzes the frequency spectrum difference value of each measuring point and the base point with the same frequency, and then the magnetic difference data with different depths or the relative magnetic field difference value relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point can be obtained according to different skin depths corresponding to different frequencies, so that the magnetic field depth measurement can be completed more accurately and efficiently. The method makes up the deficiency of the traditional magnetic method for sounding, and improves the sounding accuracy of the magnetic geologic body, so that the method can conveniently, quickly, simply and efficiently evaluate the magnetic difference distribution of different underground depths.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of measuring points and base points in the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe time sequence diagram at 277780Hz is shown, the upper is a 1# measuring point, and the lower is a base point;
FIG. 3 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe schematic diagram of the time sequence at 4000Hz is shown, the upper part is a 1# measuring point, and the lower part is a base point;
FIG. 4 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe time sequence diagram at 250Hz is shown, the upper is a 1# measuring point, and the lower is a base point;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum calculation process of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe FFT spectrum data of the magnetic field when the frequency is 277780Hz is a schematic diagram, the upper part is a measuring point 1# and the lower part is a base point;
FIG. 7 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe schematic diagram of the FFT spectrum data of the magnetic field at 4000Hz is shown, wherein the upper part is a 1# measuring point and the lower part is a base point;
FIG. 8 shows the measuring points and base points at f in example 1# of the present inventionsThe FFT spectrum data of the magnetic field when the frequency is 250Hz is a schematic diagram, the upper part is a 1# measuring point, and the lower part is a base point;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum of a calibrated target frequency point according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field spectrum difference data of the No. 1 measuring point and the total horizontal magnetic field value of the base point according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relative difference in magnetization data between the 1# measuring point and the base point according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the apparent resistivity data of the 1# survey point magnetotelluric method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field difference depth data of the No. 1 measuring point of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing relative magnetic field difference depth data of the 1# measuring point relative to the base point according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the object of the present invention, a magnetic susceptibility sounding method of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a susceptibility sounding method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, when the magnetic difference distribution of the underground needs to be evaluated in a far area of a natural source or an artificial source, etc., a base point and a plurality of measuring points are selected for magnetic field observation. The base point is selected at a place without electromagnetic interference and with weaker magnetism of the rock and the ore relative to the target body, the distance between the base point and the measuring point is required to be not more than 10km, the farthest distance between the measuring point and the measuring point is not more than 10km, and the measuring point and the base point are arranged as shown in figure 1.
Then, observing mutually orthogonal horizontal magnetic fields on the measuring points to obtain a time sequence H of the magnetic field changing along with timex(t)、Hy(t); synchronously observing on a base point to obtain a time sequence H of magnetic fields changing along with timexb(t)、Hyb(t) of (d). Requiring the observation direction of the magnetic field at each measuring point to be consistent with that of the magnetic field at the base point, and adopting the same acquisition system with good consistency and the same acquisition parameters, wherein the same acquisition parameters comprise acquisition frequency fsAnd a collection time period T. Meanwhile, the acquisition parameters need to satisfy the sampling theorem.
The method will now be described in detail with reference to the example of the present invention, which is a test point # 1.
As shown in fig. 2, when the frequency f is acquiredsWhen the frequency is 277780Hz, respectively obtaining the 1# measuring point and the magnetic field time sequence data of the base point, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point, and the lower part is the base point;
as shown in fig. 3, when the frequency f is acquiredsWhen the frequency is 4000Hz, respectively obtaining 1# measuring point and base point magnetic field time sequence data, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point, and the lower part is the base point;
as shown in fig. 4, when the frequency f is acquiredsWhen the frequency is 250Hz, the time sequence data of the magnetic field of the 1# measuring point and the base point are respectively obtained, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point, and the lower part is the base point.
S2, carrying out frequency spectrum statistical estimation on the magnetic field time sequence of each measuring point observed in the step S1 and the magnetic field time sequence of the base point of the simultaneous segment, wherein the calculation method and the parameters need to be consistent. The calculation process is shown in the flow chart of fig. 5, and the specific calculation steps are as follows:
s2.1, a spectrum estimation method is a general method for signal processing in the field, and FFT spectrum estimation is selected. The same parameters include: data of the same period, the same FFT length. The FFT spectrum estimation formula is:
p＝FFT[h(1:Nfft)]
in the formula NfftIs the FFT length.
In this embodiment, take 30 time series with FFT length of 4096, fsFFT spectrum data of the 1# measuring point and the base point obtained by respectively taking 277780Hz, 4000Hz and 250Hz for calculation are as follows:
when the frequency f is collectedsWhen the frequency is 277780Hz, obtaining FFT spectrum data of the magnetic field at the 1# measuring point and the base point respectively, as shown in fig. 6, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point and the lower part is the base point;
when the frequency f is collectedsWhen the frequency is 4000Hz, as shown in fig. 7, FFT spectrum data of a magnetic field of a 1# measuring point and a base point are obtained, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point and the lower part is the base point;
when the frequency f is collectedsWhen the frequency is 250Hz, as shown in fig. 8, FFT spectrum data of a magnetic field of a 1# measuring point and a base point are obtained, wherein the upper part is the 1# measuring point and the lower part is the base point;
s2.2, averaging the FFT spectrums of the same segment number obtained in the step, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein M is the number of stages.
S2.3, performing frequency smoothing estimation on the average frequency spectrum by taking the target frequency as a central frequency point, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein W (f) is a weighted window function, ftFor the target frequency,. DELTA.f < ft＜fs/2。
And S2.4, calibrating the frequency spectrum of the target frequency point according to the transmission function of the magnetic bar sensor, as shown in figure 9. Wherein Hx1、Hy1Are respectively 1# measuring point Hx、HyFrequency spectrum, Hxb、HybAre respectively base points Hx、HyFrequency spectrum.
The frequency spectrum of each measuring point is obtained in turn by the method, and H is usedxn、HynAnd (4) showing.
S3, subtracting the same direction and same frequency of the magnetic field frequency spectrum of each measuring point and the base point obtained in the step S2 to obtain the magnetic field difference value delta H of each frequency pointx(f)，ΔHy(f) Calculating total horizontal magnetic field difference value delta H (f), namely the magnetic difference value of each frequency point, and further calculating the total horizontal magnetic field value H of each frequency point relative to the base pointb(f) The value of the relative difference e (f), i.e. the value of the difference in magnetic susceptibility, is given by the formula:
ΔHx(f)＝Hx(f)-Hxb(f)
ΔHy(f)＝Hy(f)-Hyb(f)
ε(f)＝ΔH(f)/Hb
the magnetic field spectrum difference data of the 1# measuring point and the relative difference value relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point are calculated by the formula, as shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11.
And S4, corresponding to different skin depths according to different frequencies, obtaining magnetic difference data of different depths or relative magnetic difference values relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point.
The skin depth calculation method is a common method in the field, and the formula is as follows:
wherein f is frequency and rho is resistivity, and can be obtained by the general magnetotelluric method in the field.
Fig. 12 shows the apparent resistivity data of the 1# measuring point geoelectromagnetic method, so as to obtain the skin depths corresponding to different frequencies, and then, by combining the magnetic field spectrum difference values corresponding to different frequencies of the 1# measuring point and the relative magnetization difference value relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point in fig. 10 and 11, the magnetic field difference data of different depths of the 1# measuring point and the relative magnetization difference value data relative to the base point are obtained, so as to complete the magnetic field depth measurement, as shown in fig. 13 and 14.
According to the method, magnetic difference data of different depths or relative magnetic field difference values relative to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point can be obtained by analyzing the frequency spectrum difference value of each measuring point and the base point with the same frequency and corresponding to different skin depths according to different frequencies, so that the magnetic field depth measurement can be completed more accurately and efficiently. The method makes up the deficiency of the traditional magnetic method for sounding, and improves the sounding accuracy of the magnetic geologic body, so that the method can conveniently, quickly, simply and efficiently evaluate the magnetic difference distribution of different underground depths.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A magnetic susceptibility sounding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, synchronously observing mutually orthogonal horizontal magnetic fields on the measuring points and the base point to obtain a time sequence H of the magnetic fields of the measuring points changing along with timex(t)、Hy(t) and the magnetic field time sequence H of the base pointxb(t)、Hyb(t)；
S2, carrying out frequency spectrum statistical estimation on the magnetic field time sequence of each measuring point and the base point of the simultaneous segment observed in the step S1 to obtain the frequency spectrum H of each measuring point under the same frequencyx(f)、Hy(f) Frequency spectrum H of the sum basexb(f)、Hyb(f)；
S3, subtracting the same direction and same frequency of the magnetic field frequency spectrum of each measuring point and the base point obtained in the step S2 to obtain the magnetic field difference value delta H of each frequency pointx(f)，ΔHy(f) Calculating total horizontal magnetic field difference value delta H (f), namely the magnetic difference value of each frequency point, and further calculating the total horizontal magnetic field value H of each frequency point relative to the base pointb(f) The value of the relative difference e (f), i.e. the value of the difference in magnetic susceptibility, is given by the formula:
ΔHx(f)＝Hx(f)-Hxb(f)
ΔHy(f)＝Hy(f)-Hyb(f)
ε(f)＝ΔH(f)/Hb(f)
and S4, obtaining magnetic difference data or magnetic susceptibility difference data of different depths according to different skin depths corresponding to different frequencies and combining the magnetic difference values obtained in the step S3, and completing magnetic field depth measurement.
2. The magnetic susceptibility depth measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the base point is selected at a position where the magnetic property of the rock ore is weaker than that of the target body without electromagnetic interference, the distance between the base point and the measurement point is not more than 10km, and the distance between the measurement point and the measurement point is not more than 10 km.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the observation direction of the magnetic field at each measuring point is required to be consistent with the observation direction of the magnetic field at the base point, and the same acquisition system with good consistency and the same acquisition parameters are adopted, and the same acquisition parameters comprise acquisition frequency fsAnd a collection time period T.
4. A method of susceptibility sounding according to claim 3 wherein the acquisition parameters have to satisfy the sampling theorem.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the spectral estimation method and parameters of each measuring point and base point are consistent.
6. The susceptibility sounding method according to claim 5, wherein the spectral estimation method is FFT spectral estimation, and the same parameters include: data of the same period, the same FFT length.
7. The magnetic susceptibility depth measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is to obtain the magnetic difference data of different depths or the relative difference value with respect to the total horizontal magnetic field of the base point according to different skin depths corresponding to different frequencies, and the skin depth calculation formula is as follows:
where f is the frequency and ρ is the resistivity.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the resistivity p is obtained according to the magnetotelluric method.
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