CN114342959B - Composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot - Google Patents
Composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342959B CN114342959B CN202210057532.3A CN202210057532A CN114342959B CN 114342959 B CN114342959 B CN 114342959B CN 202210057532 A CN202210057532 A CN 202210057532A CN 114342959 B CN114342959 B CN 114342959B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers. The medicament composition adopts two medicaments of metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone as main components, and auxiliary agents and filler carriers are adopted to achieve the effect of complementary advantages and complement each other. The preparation process is simple, the input raw materials are all converted into products, the yield is high, the three wastes are not generated, and the damage of cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers.
Background
Cucumber aphids (Aphis gossypii) and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot (pathogenic bacteria: pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans) are important diseases and insect pests of cucumber, and occur simultaneously on cucumber plants, and mixed harm causes great loss to cucumber production.
Cucumber melon aphids belong to the order hemiptera and the family aphididae. The pest sucks juice on the back surface, tender tips and tender stems of cucumber leaves by using adult aphids and if aphids, which causes the cucumber leaves to curl, yellow or withered and dead, even to stagnate in growth; when the melon aphid is harmful, honeydew is discharged, the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves is seriously influenced, and coal pollution is caused; meanwhile, the pests are also virus-transmitting mediators of various virus diseases, and seriously influence the yield and quality of the cucumber. The melon aphid has the characteristics of short development period, high fertility, quick drug resistance growth and the like, and is difficult to control.
Bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumber is a bacterial disease caused by the pathogenic variant of pseudomonas syringae cucumber. The disease can occur in both cucumber seedlings and adult stages, mainly damaging leaves, petioles, tendrils and fruits, and sometimes also infecting stems. The cotyledon is ill, the cotyledon is in a water immersion shape and is in a nearly circular concave spot, and then the cotyledon is slightly yellow brown and dried; the leaves in the adult stage are ill, the leaves are in a bright green water-immersed spot, the spot is gradually light brown, the spot is limited by the veins to be polygonal, grey brown or yellow brown, the back of the leaf overflows to milky turbid pus when the humidity is high, and the center of the spot is dry and falls off to form a hole when the later period is dry; the stems, the leaf stalks and the tendrils are ill, the invasion points are immersed in water, longitudinally spread along the stem furrows and are in a short strip shape, the bacteria are pus when the humidity is high, and the longitudinal cracking is immersed in water to rot and turn brown and dry when the humidity is high; melon strips are ill, small spots are soaked in water at first time, then the melon strips are spread into irregular or continuous pieces, the ill parts overflow out of dirty white bacteria and pus, the melon strips decay and fall off after illness, and the melon strips decay and smell after illness. When the disease occurs seriously, the cucumber yield loss can be more than 50%.
At present, the medicines for preventing and controlling cucumber aphids are generally thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin and other compound medicines, and the medicines for preventing and controlling cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot mainly comprise zinc thiazole, thistle, copper hydroxide and other compound medicines. The chemical agent is scientifically used for a long time, so that the resistance of the chemical agent is enhanced, and the prevention and the control of the chemical agent are difficult. Because the bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumber and aphis cucumis sativus are generated and mixed simultaneously, the research on the medicament which can have better control effect on two target objects simultaneously is significant for effectively controlling the two target objects, reducing the pesticide dosage, reducing the labor cost and guaranteeing the safe production of cucumber.
Metarhizium anisopliae, english generic name Metarhizium anisopliae, belongs to the family Clavipitaceae, genus Metarhizium, is a broad-spectrum entomopathogenic fungus. The metarhizium anisopliae has remarkable insecticidal effect, and about 200 insects can be killed by the fungus infection all around the world. The metarhizium anisopliae has no pesticide residue in cucumber after being sprayed, has no pollution to the environment, is the first choice for pest control in the production of green cucumber products, and can effectively improve cucumber quality, protect ecological environment and ensure human health.
The Benziothiazolinone, which is commonly known as Benziothiazolinone and has the chemical name of 1,2 benzisothiazolin-3-one, has special effect on bacterial diseases, is a high-efficiency medicament for preventing and treating bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers at present, and has a certain prevention and treatment effect on fungal diseases. The structural formula is as follows:
at present, the metarhizium anisopliae is not suitable for being used together with general bactericides, and no report that the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are compounded for preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the applicant provides a composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers. On the basis of intensive researches, the inventor finds that the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are compounded according to a specific proportion, so that the metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone have a certain synergistic effect on controlling cucumber aphids, meanwhile, the antibacterial effect on bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber cannot be influenced, and the obtained novel medicament composition can well control the damage of the cucumber aphids and the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber which occur on the cucumber simultaneously.
The effective components of the composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot are metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone, wherein the weight ratio of metarhizium anisopliae to benziothiazolinone is 4:1-10:1, preferably 5:1; the spore number of Metarhizium anisopliae is 2.25X10 9 More than one per gram;
the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an adjuvant and a filler carrier;
the mass percentage of the active components in the composition is 18%; the auxiliary agent and the filler carrier are used according to the conventional technical dosage in the field.
Most preferably, the composition comprises 18% of the active ingredient, 8% of the auxiliary agent and 74% of the filler carrier.
The auxiliary agent is a common auxiliary agent for pesticides, and is preferably a composite agricultural auxiliary agent of 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer sodium salt, sodium dodecyl sulfate and nekal.
Wherein the sodium salt of the 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer plays a role of a dispersing agent; the sodium dodecyl sulfate plays a role in wetting and penetrating, and is beneficial to the absorption of active ingredients of the composition by cucumber aphids, cucumber bacterial angular spot pathogenic bacteria and crops; the nekal can obviously reduce the surface tension of water, has excellent penetrability and wettability, and has excellent emulsifying, diffusing and foaming properties. The 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer sodium salt, the sodium dodecyl sulfate and the nekal are scientifically compounded for use, can effectively play roles of dispersing, wetting, penetrating and suspending, and is beneficial to the absorption of cucumber aphids, bacterial angular spot pathogenic bacteria of cucumber and cucumber plants on the effective components of the composition. The higher the absorption rate of the effective components of the composition by cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot pathogenic bacteria is, the better the killing effect on target objects is; the higher the absorption rate of the effective components of the composition by cucumber plants, the higher the killing effect of the target object in the hazard process. The auxiliary agent can effectively improve the control effect of the composition on the target object, realize the pesticide reduction control on the target object, and has important significance for protecting the ecological environment and guaranteeing the safe production of cucumbers. The raw materials added by the auxiliary agent are all converted into products, so that the yield is high, and no three wastes are generated.
Preferably, in the composite agricultural auxiliary agent, the sodium salt of the formaldehyde polymer of the 2-naphthalene sulfonate is prepared by the following steps: sodium dodecyl sulfate: the ratio of the nekal is 5.6:0.96:1.44.
The filler carrier is preferably diatomite, has excellent adsorption performance, and can be widely used in pesticide production.
When the composition is prepared, the raw materials are weighed according to a proportion, uniformly mixed by a jet mill and crushed to have a particle size of 5-10 microns.
The medicament composition for preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot comprises the following specific steps: the pharmaceutical composition is sprayed after being mixed with water, the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition is 90-110 g/mu, and the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition is 60 kg/mu.
The insect killing mechanism of metarhizium anisopliae: the infection process for melon aphids comprises five stages of adhesion, spore germination, penetration of insect bodies, in-vivo development and death. The metarhizium anisopliae enters the body of the melon aphid through the body surface or feeding effect and proliferates, and mainly acts on the melon aphid blood lymph immune system to lose the immune defense function and kill the melon aphid. The preparation has the advantages of strong pathogenicity, no toxicity to human and livestock, no environmental pollution, no residue, no drug resistance of pests and the like, and has wide application prospect.
The mechanism of sterilization of benziothiazolinone: firstly, the germ cell nucleus structure is destroyed, so that the germ cell nucleus structure loses heart parts and dies; secondly, the metabolism of germ cells is disturbed, so that the germ cells are physiological disorder, and finally death is caused. The pesticide has thorough germ killing effect and better disease control effect.
According to the invention, the combination of the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone has the advantages that as the action mechanisms of the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are different, the compound combination of the two medicaments can act on different targets simultaneously, plays a role in complementary advantages, has a synergistic effect on controlling cucumber aphids, does not influence the antibacterial effect on bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber, and can effectively control the damage of the cucumber aphids and the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber which occur simultaneously on the cucumber. However, it was also found in the study that below 4:1, no synergy is generated; higher than this ratio will increase, however, at 10: the dosage of the metarhizium anisopliae can be effectively controlled under the action of the benziothiazolinone, which is slightly lower than the dosage of the metarhizium anisopliae singly, when the dosage of the metarhizium anisopliae is fixed, the dosage of the benziothiazolinone added according to the proportion is small, when the field melon aphid and the bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumber are mixed and need to be sprayed with the compound preparation, if the dosage of the compound preparation which can effectively control the melon aphid is used, the benziothiazolinone in the compound preparation can not control the bacterial angular leaf spot, and the aim of simultaneously controlling two diseases and insect pests by the compound preparation can not be achieved; if the dosage of the compound preparation capable of effectively preventing and treating bacterial angular leaf spot is used, the dosage of metarhizium anisopliae is far higher than the dosage of independently spraying metarhizium anisopliae to prevent and treat melon aphids, and the aim of reducing the dosage of the medicament by compounding the medicament is not achieved. Namely, when the compounding ratio of metarhizium anisopliae to benziothiazolinone is more than 10:1, the purposes of simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot are achieved, the dosage of the compounded medicament is not reduced compared with that of the two medicaments which are independently used, but is greatly improved, so that the purposes of reducing the pesticide dosage and reducing the labor cost cannot be achieved. The ratio lower than 4:1 has no synergistic effect, and the control effect of metarhizium anisopliae can be influenced by the benziothiazolinone. In the range of the compound proportion of the invention, the problem can be exactly solved, because the metarhizium anisopliae has no synergism on the benziothiazolinone, the dosage of the benziothiazolinone in the compound medicament is ensured to be similar to the dosage of the single dosage of the injection benziothiazolinone in normal production so as to ensure that bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumber can be effectively prevented and treated, meanwhile, under the proportion, the dosage of the metarhizium anisopliae is reduced compared with the dosage of the metarhizium anisopliae preparation in production, and melon aphids can be effectively controlled under the synergism of the benziothiazolinone, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the dosage and simultaneously preventing and treating two objects. Therefore, the most preferable weight ratio of metarhizium anisopliae to benziothiazolinone is 5:1, so that a good synergistic effect can be achieved, the pesticide consumption can be reduced, and the labor cost is reduced.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. although the metarhizium anisopliae in the prior art is not suitable for being used together with general bactericides, the inventor finds that under the formula of the invention, the benziothiazolinone has no existing inhibition effect on the metarhizium anisopliae, can improve the control effect of the metarhizium anisopliae, and the field dosage is obviously reduced compared with the single dosage.
2. Because the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber and the aphid of the cucumber in the field occur and are mixed together, the chemical composition can have better control effect on two target objects at the same time, reduce the pesticide dosage, reduce the labor cost and ensure the safe production of the cucumber.
In conclusion, the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are adopted as main components, and the composite auxiliary agent is adopted to achieve the effects of complementing and complementing the advantages, so that the method has a certain synergistic effect on controlling cucumber aphids, does not influence the antibacterial effect on cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot, and has important significance on effectively controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot which occur in the field simultaneously. In addition, the raw materials added by the auxiliary agent are all converted into products, so that the yield is high, and three wastes are not generated.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments to enable one skilled in the art to further understand the invention. The following examples are made using the prior art, except as specifically described.
Experimental example
Indoor combined toxicology measurement:
the test agent is a composition comprising 150 hundred million spores/gram metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 parent drug (produced by Chongqing Polymeris biological engineering Co., ltd.), 98% benziothiazolinone original drug (produced by Zhejiang Yulong biological technology Co., ltd.) and two original drugs according to weight proportion.
And (3) measuring indoor combined virulence of cucumber aphids:
the dipping method is adopted. On the basis of the pre-test, the test agent is dissolved by N, N-dimethylformamide and diluted to 7 series of concentrations by 0.05% Tween-80 to determine the single agent LC50; the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are respectively prepared from the following active ingredients in mass ratio of 15: 1. 10: 1. 5: 1. 2.5: 1. 1: 1. 0.5: 1. 0.25:1 to prepare 7 pharmaceutical compositions with different proportions of components, the pharmaceutical compositions were diluted to 7 series concentrations according to the method described above, and the LC50 of the different pharmaceutical compositions was determined. The method comprises the steps of clamping the leaves with wingless adult aphids (30-35 heads of single leaf aphids) by forceps, soaking the leaves in the liquid medicine for 10 seconds according to the sequence from low concentration to high concentration, sucking the excessive liquid medicine by using filter paper, airing, putting the leaves with aphids into an insect raising box filled with wet filter paper, and sealing by using a box cover. Placing the insect-breeding box into an illumination incubator with the temperature of 26+/-2 ℃, the relative humidity of 70+/-5% and the illumination of 16:8, and investigating the number of live insects and dead insects of melon aphids after 48 hours. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and clear water was used as a control. The mortality rate of the control group is below 10% as a valid test.
The data processing method comprises the following steps:
data statistical analysis is carried out by adopting an SPSS 19.0 software processing system and Excel to obtain a virulence regression equation and LC 50 Value, 95% confidence interval. And obtaining the co-toxicity coefficient of each mixed agent according to the co-toxicity coefficient formula of grand cloud Pei.
Toxicity Index (TI) = (LC of standard agent) 50 LC of test agent 50 )×100；
Actual measured toxicity index of the mixture (ATI) = (LC of agent a) 50 LC of the mixture 50 )×100；
The theoretical toxicity index of the mixture (TTI) =the toxicity index of the a agent x the percentage of the agent a in the mixture+the toxicity index of the B agent x the percentage of the agent B in the mixture;
co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) = (actual drug virulence index ATI/theoretical drug virulence index TTI) x 100.
Comparing the obtained co-toxicity coefficients, wherein the co-toxicity coefficient is more than 120 and is a synergistic effect; the co-toxicity coefficient is 80-120, and the additive effect is achieved; the co-toxicity coefficient is less than 80 and is antagonistic.
Test results:
the indoor combined toxicity measurement result (table 1) shows that the mixing ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae (150 hundred megaspores/gram) and the benziothiazolinone is 2.5: 1. 1: 1. 0.5: 1. 0.25:1, the co-toxicity coefficients (CTC) of the melon aphids after the medicine for 48 hours are 87.09, 60.55, 44.64 and 37.24 respectively, and the melon aphids have no synergistic effect; the effective component ratio of metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone is 15 respectively: 1. 10: 1. 5: in the 1 st, the co-toxicity coefficients (CTC) of the melon aphids after 48 hours are 234.05, 181.20 and 165.66 respectively, and the melon aphids have synergistic effect.
TABLE 1 indoor Combined toxicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone on cucumber aphids
Determination of indoor antibacterial effect of cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot pathogenic bacteria:
an agar diffusion method is adopted.
Determining 150 hundred megaspores/gram metarhizium anisopliae dosage (16.50-11.25 g/667 square meter) according to the recommended dosage (3.30-2.25 g/667 square meter) of the benziothiazolinone in the field; according to the field water consumption (60L/667 square meter), the spore concentration of the metarhizium anisopliae in the liquid medicine is calculated to be 4.13 multiplied by 10 6 -2.81×10 6 The concentration of the spore/ml and the benziothiazolinone in the liquid medicine is 55.0-37.5ppm. Accordingly, the test is carried out by setting metarhizium anisopliae 4.13×10 6 Spore/ml+benziothiazolinone 55.0ppm, metarhizium anisopliae 2.81×10 6 Spore/ml+benziothiazolinone 37.5ppm, metarhizium anisopliae 4.13X10 6 Spore/ml, metarhizium anisopliae 2.81×10 6 Spore/ml, benziothiazolinone 55.0ppm, benziothiazolinone 37.5ppm and sterile water control were treated for 7 times and the above-mentioned medicinal liquid was prepared for use. The bacterial angular leaf spot bacteria of cucumber are evenly coated on a KBM flat plate with the diameter of 9cm, a sterilization filter paper sheet with the diameter of 6mm is respectively placed at 4 points which are equidistantly distributed at the center of the flat plate and 2.5cm away from the center, 20 mu L of the liquid medicine is respectively measured by a liquid transferring gun and added on the filter paper sheet, the filter paper sheet is wetted and flattened on a culture medium, sterile water is used as a reference at the center point, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times. Placing the culture dishes into a culture box at the temperature of 27+/-2 ℃, measuring the diameter of a bacteriostasis ring by using a crisscross method after 48 hours, and comparing the bacteriostasis effects of different treatments.
The data processing method comprises the following steps: pure inhibition zone average diameter = Σ (inhibition zone total diameter-filter paper diameter)/(3)
Test results:
the indoor bacteriostasis measurement result (table 2) shows that metarhizium anisopliae (150 hundred megaspores/gram) and benziothiazolinone are prepared according to the effective component 5:1, under the recommended dose of the benziothiazolinone in the field, the indoor antibacterial effect of the benziothiazolinone on the pathogenic bacteria of the bacterial angular spot of the cucumber is similar to the same dose of the benziothiazolinone, which indicates that the antibacterial effect of the benziothiazolinone on the pathogenic bacteria of the bacterial angular spot of the cucumber is not affected after the metarhizium anisopliae and the benziothiazolinone are compounded. But the metarhizium anisopliae single dose has no antibacterial effect on the pathogenic bacteria of the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber.
TABLE 2 indoor antibacterial Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone on cucumber bacterial angular leaf pathogen
Example 1
The composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot is prepared by preparing 1000 kg of 18% metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone (15% metarhizium anisopliae (22.5 hundred million spores/g) +3% benziothiazolinone) according to weight percentage, and comprises the following raw materials:
the specific production operation comprises the following steps: 30.61 kg of 95% benziothiazolinone technical, 58.33 kg of 96% 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer sodium salt, 9.80 kg of 98% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 14.69 kg of 98% nekal and 736.57 kg of diatomite are weighed. The raw materials are weighed and uniformly mixed on a mixer of the jet mill, the mixture is conveyed to a storage tank, enters a bin of the jet mill through a feeder, the working pressure and the jet pressure are adjusted, and the mixture is conveyed into a crushing chamber for crushing. The crushed mixture enters the classifier from the discharge port, and coarse powder returns to the raw material tank through the rotary valve to be crushed together with the raw material. Pulverizing, cyclone separating, and collecting in the final product bin. 150 million spores/g Metarhizium anisopliae parent drug 150.00 kg was added to the mixture, thoroughly mixed in a double spiral conical mixer, and then fed into a silo on a packaging machine. Sample (250 g) analysis: the grain diameter of the composition is controlled to be 5-10 microns, and the metarhizium anisopliae is more than or equal to 2.25X10 9 Spores/gram (the germination rate of spores is more than 90%), benziothiazolinone is more than or equal to 3%, NNO (2-naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer sodium salt) is more than or equal to 5.6%, K12 (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is more than or equal to 0.96%, nekal (sodium diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonate) is more than or equal to 1.44%, and the product is qualified.
Example 2
The test was carried out on cucumber in sunlight greenhouse of Jiyang test base of Shandong national academy of agricultural sciences, and the cucumber variety tested was "Qiu Guan 55". The test agent is the 18% metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone pharmaceutical composition in the embodiment 1; the cucumber melon aphid control medicament is 80 hundred million spores/ml of a dispersible oil suspending agent (produced by Chongqing Polymerise biological engineering Co., ltd.) of Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421, the cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot control medicament is 3% benziothiazolinone microemulsion (produced by An Daomai Huifeng (Jiangsu Co., ltd.), and the spray water is used as a blank control.
Dose per mu of each medicament: 110 g of 18% metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone, 90 g of 80 hundred million spores/ml metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 dispersible oil suspending agent 40 ml, and 100ml of 3% benziothiazolinone microemulsion.
Each treatment was repeated 4 times, 40 square meters per cell area. The medicine is sprayed 1 time in 5 months and 20 days in 2020, and the medicine machine is a knapsack Singapore sprayer, and the water consumption is 60 kg/667 square meter.
The cucumber aphid investigation and data processing method comprises the following steps:
the number of insects was investigated before the drug, and the number of remaining insects was investigated 3, 7 and 14d after the drug. Sampling 5 points in each cell, fixing 2 cucumbers at each point, marking 2 leaves at the upper part of each cucumber, and recording the number of the live aphids of the melon on the marked leaves in each investigation. Calculating the reduction rate of insect population and correcting the control effect.
Rate of reduction of insect population (%) = (number of insect population before drug-number of live insects after drug)/(number of insect population before drug ×100)
Correction control effect (%) = (treatment area reduction rate-control area reduction rate)/(100-control area reduction rate) ×100
The cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot investigation and data processing method comprises the following steps:
the onset of bacterial angular leaf spot in cucumber was investigated at 7 and 14d pre-and post-drug respectively: sampling 5 points in each district, fixing 4 cucumbers at each point, surveying 2 upper and middle leaves of each cucumber, recording the incidence level of bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber according to grading standards, and calculating the disease index and the prevention and treatment effect.
And (5) grading standard.
Level 0: no disease spots;
stage 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 5% of the whole leaf area;
3 stages: the area of the lesion accounts for 6% -10% of the whole leaf area;
5 stages: the area of the lesion accounts for 11% -20% of the whole leaf area;
7 stages: the area of the lesion accounts for 21% -50% of the whole leaf area;
stage 9: the disease spots account for more than 50% of the whole leaf area.
Disease index = Σ (number of leaves at each stage×number of relative stages)/(total number of investigation×9) ×100
Prevention effect (%) = (control area disease index-treatment area disease index)/(control area disease index×100)
Test results:
test results (tables 3 and 4) show that the effect of the 50 days after the medicine is investigated, the effect of the 18% metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone (15% metarhizium anisopliae (22.5 hundred megaspores/gram) +3% benziothiazolinone) for controlling cucumber aphids is 93.25% and 91.66% respectively after the treatment of 110 g and 90 g per mu, and is similar to the effect of the control medicament 80 hundred megaspores/ml metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 per mu for 40 ml (92.46%), and is obviously higher than the effect of the control medicament 3% benziothiazolinone for 100ml per mu (2.38%). The control effect on the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber is 79.17 percent and 77.22 percent respectively, and is obviously higher than the effect of 80 hundred megaspores/milliliter metarhizium anisopliae CQMa for 40 milliliters (1.94 percent) for 421 mu, which is equivalent to the effect of 3 percent of benziothiazolinone for 100 milliliters of mu (77.50 percent).
TABLE 3 field control Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae. Thiodate on cucumber aphids
TABLE 4 field control Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone on cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot
Example 2:
a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumber has the same raw material composition and specific production operation as in example 1.
Test for preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot by using metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone pharmaceutical composition
The test is carried out on sunlight greenhouse cucumber plants at street offices of Yuhuang temple in Shandong Jinan Shanghai county, and the cucumber variety to be tested is 'longevity 101'. Test agents, test treatments, test methods, investigation methods and data treatment methods were the same as in example 1, and test results are shown in tables 5 to 6.
The test results (Table 5 and Table 6) show that the effect of the treatment of 110 g and 90 g for 18% metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone (15% metarhizium anisopliae (22.5 hundred megaspores/g) +3% benziothiazolinone) for mu 14 days after the drug treatment is 94.51% and 92.85% respectively, which is obviously higher than the effect of the control drug 80 hundred megaspores/ml metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421 mu 40 ml (90.27%) and the control drug 3% benziothiazolinone 100ml mu 100ml (6.09%) respectively; the control effect on the bacterial angular leaf spot of the cucumber is 79.68 percent and 75.06 percent respectively, which is obviously higher than the effect of 80 hundred megaspores/milliliter metarhizium anisopliae CQMa for 40 milliliters (4.16 percent) for 421 mu, and is equivalent to the effect of 3 percent of benziothiazolinone for 100 milliliters mu (74.83 percent).
TABLE 5 field control Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae. Thiodate on cucumber aphids
Surface 6 field control Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone on cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot
Claims (7)
1. The composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and cucumber bacterial angular leaf spot is characterized by comprising the active components of metarhizium anisopliae and benziothiazolinone, wherein the weight ratio of metarhizium anisopliae to benziothiazolinone is 5:1; the spore number of Metarhizium anisopliae is 2.25X10 9 More than one per gram.
2. A composition for simultaneously controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises adjuvants and filler carriers.
3. The composition for simultaneously preventing and controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary agent is a compound agricultural auxiliary agent of sodium salt of 2-naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polymer, sodium dodecyl sulfate and nekal.
4. A composition for simultaneously controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers according to claim 3, characterized in that in the composite agricultural adjuvant, the sodium salt of the formaldehyde polymer of 2-naphthalene sulfonate: sodium dodecyl sulfate: the ratio of the nekal is 5.6:0.96:1.44.
5. A composition for simultaneously controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein the filler carrier is diatomaceous earth.
6. A composition for simultaneously controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein the mass percentage of the effective components in the composition is 18%.
7. A composition for simultaneously controlling cucumber aphids and bacterial angular leaf spot of cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein the composition comprises 18% of active components, 8% of auxiliary agents and 74% of filler carriers.
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