CN114325446B - Method and device for testing cycle life of battery pack, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for testing cycle life of battery pack, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004082 amperometric method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000802 evaporation-induced self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, electronic equipment and a storage medium for testing the cycle life of a battery pack, wherein battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures are obtained, the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery monomers are not identical; constructing a capacity fading model according to battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model; and determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery parameters of the plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures are obtained, the capacity fading curve is determined according to the obtained battery parameters, and then the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested is determined, so that the determined battery parameters can accord with the capacity fading curve under the application environments of different temperatures, and the accuracy of the determined cycle life of the battery pack to be tested is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of energy storage testing technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for testing cycle life of a battery pack, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
In the working condition of energy storage application, the battery pack, in particular the lithium ion battery pack, has the characteristics of small-rate charge and discharge and long cycle times, and the cycle life of the battery is taken as an important index of the battery performance, and the battery pack needs to be tested in the generation of the battery pack so as to ensure that the service life of the battery pack can reach the standard. The cycle life test of the battery pack requires the cycle charge and discharge test of the battery pack, which makes the cycle of life evaluation of the battery pack very long, especially the lithium iron phosphate battery with long service life, so that the research and evaluation process needs to consume a lot of time, and the test result is not accurate enough. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can accurately evaluate the life of a battery pack.
In the prior art, the service life of the power battery pack is accurately and rapidly detected mainly by constructing a test model of battery capacity decay. Specifically, recording the capacity retention rate of the battery pack for constant current charge and discharge test within preset times and corresponding test times; matching the simulated capacity fading curve of the battery pack by using the capacity retention rate and the corresponding test times; calculating the frequency value corresponding to the failure threshold value in the simulated capacity fading curve according to the failure threshold value of the preset capacity retention rate of the battery pack; and determining the number of times as a cycle life value of constant current charge and discharge of the battery pack.
However, the method in the prior art only provides a method for establishing a battery capacity degradation model, and a test method is not described in detail, and the influence of the application environment of the battery pack on the service life of the battery is not considered in the method in the prior art, so that the accuracy of the cycle life of the tested battery pack is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, electronic equipment and a storage medium for testing the cycle life of a battery pack, which can accurately determine the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers at different temperatures, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined cycle life of the battery pack to be tested.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for testing a cycle life of a battery pack, where the method includes:
and acquiring battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery cells are not the same.
And building a capacity fading model according to the battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model.
And determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve.
Optionally, the obtaining battery parameters of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures includes:
and determining the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage corresponding to the initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested.
And controlling the tester to perform mixed power pulse characteristic test on a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, so as to obtain the internal resistance of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature.
And controlling the tester to perform multiple charge and discharge tests on the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, so as to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature.
Optionally, before the obtaining the battery parameters of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, the method further includes:
Determining the corresponding temperature of each battery cell according to the corresponding relation between the battery cell and the temperature;
According to the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, the temperature regulating device is controlled to regulate the temperature of each battery cell to the temperature corresponding to the battery cell, and the plurality of battery cells are placed on the temperature regulating device.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
And determining the current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested when the test times reach the first preset times.
And judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time.
And if the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time, updating the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage according to the current DOD interval.
Optionally, the battery parameters further include energy retention; the obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures respectively includes:
And when the test times reach the second preset times, acquiring the first discharge energy of each battery cell in the test at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell.
And acquiring second discharge energy of each battery cell in the first test.
And determining the ratio between the second discharging energy and the first discharging energy as the energy retention rate of each battery cell at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell.
Optionally, the method further comprises: dividing the battery cells into different temperature intervals according to the number of the battery cells in the battery pack to be tested and a plurality of preset temperature intervals, and determining the corresponding relation between the battery cells and the temperature.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for testing cycle life of a battery, where the device for testing cycle life of a battery includes:
The testing module is used for obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery cells are not identical.
And the processing module is used for building a capacity fading model according to the battery parameters and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model.
And the determining module is used for determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve.
Optionally, the testing module is specifically configured to determine a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage corresponding to an initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested; controlling a tester to perform mixed power pulse characteristic test on a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at a temperature corresponding to each battery monomer, so as to obtain the internal resistance of each battery monomer at the corresponding temperature; and controlling the tester to perform multiple charge and discharge tests on the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, so as to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature.
Optionally, the test module is further configured to determine a temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to a corresponding relationship between the battery cell and the temperature; according to the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, the temperature regulating device is controlled to regulate the temperature of each battery cell to the temperature corresponding to the battery cell, and the plurality of battery cells are placed on the temperature regulating device.
Optionally, the test module is further configured to determine a current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested each time the test number reaches a first preset number; judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time; and updating the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage according to the current DOD interval when the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time.
Optionally, the battery parameters further include energy retention; the testing module is specifically configured to obtain, when the number of times of testing reaches a second preset number of times, a first discharge energy of each battery cell in the test at a temperature corresponding to the battery cell; acquiring second discharge energy of each battery cell in a first test; and determining the ratio between the second discharging energy and the first discharging energy as the energy retention rate of each battery cell at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell.
Optionally, the test module is further configured to divide the battery cells into different temperature intervals according to the number of the battery cells in the battery pack to be tested and a plurality of preset temperature intervals, and determine a corresponding relationship between the battery cells and the temperature.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including: a processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor;
the memory stores computer-executable instructions;
the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method for testing the cycle life of a battery pack described in any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, where computer executable instructions are stored, and when a processor executes the computer executable instructions, the method for testing the cycle life of a battery pack according to any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect is implemented.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, where the computer program is executed by a processor, and implements a method for testing a cycle life of a battery pack according to any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
It can be seen that the embodiments of the present application provide a method, an apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium for testing a cycle life of a battery pack, where battery parameters including charge and discharge energy and internal resistance of a battery are obtained by obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, where respective temperatures of the plurality of battery cells are not identical; constructing a capacity fading model according to battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model; and determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery parameters of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures are obtained, so that the obtained battery parameters of the battery cells can accord with the application environment of the battery cells. And fitting a capacity fading curve according to the acquired battery parameters, and further determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined cycle life of the battery pack to be tested.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a method for testing cycle life of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing cycle life of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for testing the cycle life of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing device for cycle life of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to the present application.
Specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown by way of the above drawings and will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts in any way, but rather to illustrate the disclosed concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the accompanying claims.
In embodiments of the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: there are three cases, a alone, a and B together, and B alone, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. In the text description of the present application, the character "/" generally indicates that the front-rear associated object is an or relationship.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a scene of battery life cycle test. The battery cycle life standard test currently mainly comprises the following two methods: firstly, a full life cycle method is to adopt a common charge and discharge mode to charge and discharge the battery, record the cycle times of the battery when the residual capacity of the battery reaches a certain percentage, and take the cycle times as the cycle life of the battery at the stage. For example, when the remaining battery capacity is 80% of the initial capacity, the number of cycles is 3000, i.e., the cycle life when the remaining battery capacity is 80% is 3000. And secondly, a battery capacity extrapolation method is used for carrying out charge and discharge circulation on the battery in a common charge and discharge mode, a curve of the battery capacity along with the circulation times is obtained after certain data accumulation, and a change curve of the capacity along with the circulation times in the whole life cycle of the battery is obtained through curve fitting extrapolation. However, neither of the above methods can accurately determine the cycle life of the battery.
At present, recording the capacity retention rate of the battery pack for constant current charge and discharge test within preset times and corresponding test times; matching the simulated capacity fading curve of the battery pack by using the capacity retention rate and the corresponding test times; calculating the frequency value corresponding to the failure threshold value in the simulated capacity fading curve according to the failure threshold value of the preset capacity retention rate of the battery pack; and determining the number of times as a cycle life value of constant current charge and discharge of the battery pack.
However, although the current method of matching the simulated capacity degradation curve of the battery pack by using the capacity retention rate and the corresponding test times can improve the accuracy of the determined battery cycle life in a certain procedure, the use environment and the test environment of the battery are different, so that the accuracy of the battery cycle life determined by the method in the prior art is lower.
In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of the determined battery life caused by different test environments and actual use environments of the battery, considering that the battery cycle life can be influenced by the temperature uniformity in the battery, a plurality of battery cells in the battery can be at different temperatures so as to simulate the actual environments of the battery cells in the use process. The method comprises the steps of obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, building a capacity fading model according to the battery parameters, fitting a capacity fading curve, and determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve, so that the accuracy of the determined cycle life of the battery pack is effectively improved.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a method for testing cycle life of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application. According to the illustration in fig. 1, in a test platform built for a battery pack, a monitoring host is connected to the tester and the battery pack, respectively, and the battery pack is connected to the tester through a power interface b+ and a power interface B-of a high-voltage box therein. It is understood that the test platform is in an incubator or a greenhouse to achieve control over the temperature environment of the battery pack. In the test platform, the room temperature can be regulated and controlled through the temperature control equipment such as an air conditioner, and the indoor temperature and humidity can be detected through the temperature and humidity detection equipment, for example, a temperature and humidity recording meter. The embodiment of the application does not limit the regulation and control of the room temperature and the detection of the temperature and the humidity. The power interface B+ and the power interface B-reserved in the high-voltage box in the battery pack are connected with the tester through a power wire harness.
For example, the monitoring host can control the tester to perform charge and discharge test on the battery pack. Before the battery pack is subjected to charge and discharge tests, the temperature of each battery cell in the battery pack can be obtained through the monitoring host, and the heating device at the bottom of each battery cell, such as a heat release plate, can be controlled to heat the battery cell, so that each battery cell is at different temperatures, and the real service environment of the battery cell is simulated. It is understood that a plurality of battery cells may be assigned to the same battery module, that is, a plurality of battery modules are present in the battery pack, and when the battery cells are heated, the battery modules to which the plurality of battery cells belong are actually heated, so that the plurality of battery modules are at different temperatures. And the battery module is provided with a battery monomer voltage and temperature acquisition device, the voltage and temperature of each battery monomer in each battery monomer can be acquired through the temperature acquisition device, and the voltage and temperature data of each battery monomer are uploaded to the test host through a reserved communication interface and recorded in the test host.
When testing, the control host controls the tester to charge and discharge the battery pack for a plurality of times, and obtains battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack at different temperatures, including the charge and discharge energy and the internal resistance of the battery cells. And the test host builds a capacity fading model according to the acquired battery parameters and fits a capacity fading curve, so that the cycle life of the battery pack is determined according to the capacity fading curve.
It will be appreciated that the battery pack shown in fig. 1 includes a plurality of battery modules, each of which includes a plurality of battery cells.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the modules in the battery pack are at different temperatures, so that the test environment of each battery monomer in the battery pack is close to the actual use environment, and the accuracy of the cycle life of the battery pack is effectively improved.
Hereinafter, a method for testing the cycle life of a battery pack according to the present application will be described in detail by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that the following embodiments may be combined with each other and that some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for testing cycle life of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application. The method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack may be performed by software and/or hardware means, for example, the hardware means may be a device for testing the cycle life of the battery pack, and the device for testing the cycle life of the battery pack may be a terminal or a processing chip in the terminal. For example, referring to fig. 2, the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack may include:
S201, acquiring battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery cells are not all the same.
For example, the battery pack to be tested includes a plurality of battery modules, each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and when obtaining battery parameters of the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage corresponding to the initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested can be determined; controlling a tester to test the mixed power pulse characteristics of a plurality of battery monomers in a battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery monomer, and obtaining the internal resistance of each battery monomer at the corresponding temperature; and controlling the tester to perform multiple charge and discharge tests on the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, so as to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature.
It is understood that the hybrid power pulse characteristics (Hybrid PulsePower Characteristic, abbreviated as HPPC) test determines 10 seconds discharge power and 10 seconds charge power of the primary battery pack for each 10% remaining amount SOC interval, thereby determining the direct current internal resistance of the battery cells.
For example, the initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested is the current actual DOD interval of each battery cell in the battery pack to be tested, which may be 98%, or may be 95%, or may be 100%, which is not limited in any way in the embodiment of the present application. And the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack to be tested can be determined according to the DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested.
For example, when a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested are subjected to charge and discharge tests for a plurality of times at temperatures corresponding to the battery cells, the battery cells in the battery pack to be tested may be charged with constant power until the charge cut-off voltage of the battery cells is reached, and after stopping the charging, the battery cells may be left for a period of time, for example, for 30 minutes, and then subjected to discharge tests. Since the voltage of the battery cell may rise when the battery cell ends the charge test, the voltage of the battery cell may be brought to a stable state by standing for a while. In addition, after the charging test is finished, the test host needs to record the charging energy of the battery cell. The charging energy of the battery cell may be obtained by the test host through the tester or calculated by monitoring the charging process of the battery cell, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
For example, when the battery cell is subjected to discharge test, the test instrument can be controlled to perform discharge test on the battery cell until the discharge voltage of the battery cell reaches the discharge cut-off voltage, and the discharge test is stopped. After the discharge test is finished, the test host computer needs to record the discharge energy of the battery cell. The discharging energy of the battery cell may be obtained by the test host through the tester or calculated by monitoring the discharging process of the battery cell, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
It can be understood that after the battery cell completes the discharge test and records the discharge energy, the battery cell can be subjected to the charge test, and before the charge test is performed, the battery cell needs to be kept stand for a period of time, so that the voltage of the battery cell reaches a stable state. The process of performing the charge test again is the same as the charge process described above, and after the charge test is ended, the discharge test is performed in the same manner as the discharge test described above. According to the above, the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested are subjected to the cyclic charge and discharge test, and the charge energy of each charge test and the discharge energy of each discharge test are recorded.
By way of example, the number of times of performing the charge and discharge test is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, the internal resistances of the battery cells at different temperatures are determined, and the battery cells are subjected to charge-discharge tests to obtain the charge-discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature, so that the obtained charge-discharge energy is more in line with the actual application environment of the battery cell, and the accuracy of the obtained charge-discharge energy is improved.
For example, when a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested are subjected to charge and discharge tests for a plurality of times at temperatures corresponding to the battery cells, determining a current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested each time the test times reach a first preset times; judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time; and if the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time, updating the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage according to the current DOD interval. The first preset number of times may be 50 times or 100 times, which is not limited in any way in the embodiment of the present application.
For example, when the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage are updated according to the current DOD interval, the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage corresponding to the current DOD interval are determined to be the new charge cutoff voltage and the new discharge cutoff voltage, the previous charge cutoff voltage is updated to be the new charge cutoff voltage, and the previous discharge cutoff voltage is updated to be the new discharge cutoff voltage.
In the embodiment of the application, when the test times reach the preset times and the DOD interval of the current battery pack is inconsistent with the DOD interval of the last determined battery pack, the charging cut-off voltage and the discharging cut-off voltage corresponding to the current DOD interval are used for charging, so that the change of the DOD of the battery pack in the process of reusing the battery monomers is fully considered, the same DOD interval is avoided being used in the process of multiple tests, and the accuracy of the determined charging energy and the determined discharging energy is further improved, namely the accuracy of the cycle life of the determined battery pack is improved.
The battery parameters also include, for example, energy retention. Therefore, when the battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures are obtained, when the test times reach the second preset times, the first discharge energy of each battery cell in the test at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell can be obtained; acquiring second discharge energy of each battery cell in a first test; and determining the ratio between the second discharging energy and the first discharging energy as the energy retention rate of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature of the battery cell.
The second preset times may be 20 times or 30 times, specifically may be set according to practical situations, and may be the same as or different from the first preset times. It can be understood that, assuming that the second preset number of times is 20, when each pair of battery cells in the battery pack performs 20 charge-discharge tests, the first discharge energy of the 20 th charge-discharge test is obtained, the second discharge energy in the first test at the beginning of the test is obtained, and the ratio of the second discharge energy to the first discharge energy is determined as the energy retention rate at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell.
It can be appreciated that by the method, the energy retention rate of the battery cell each time the battery cell reaches the second preset number of times can be determined, so that the change of the energy retention rate of the battery cell in the whole test process can be determined.
In the embodiment of the application, the change of the energy retention rate of the battery monomer in the whole test process can be determined by acquiring the energy retention rate of the battery monomer when the number of test registers reaches the second preset number of times, and the cycle life of the battery monomer is shorter because the energy retention rate of the battery monomer is reduced rapidly, so that the change of the energy retention rate of the battery monomer in the whole test process can reflect the cycle life of the battery monomer to a certain extent.
For example, in the charge and discharge test process of the battery cell, after each charge and discharge test is completed, the energy efficiency of each charge and discharge test of the battery cell may be calculated according to the obtained charge energy and discharge energy of the battery cell. Specifically, the ratio of the discharge energy to the charge energy may be determined as the energy efficiency of the battery cell. The energy efficiency of the battery monomer is determined, so that the change condition of the energy efficiency of the battery monomer in the whole test process can be determined, and the cycle life of the battery monomer is further predicted.
S202, constructing a capacity fading model according to battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model.
For example, when the capacity fading model is built according to the battery parameters, the capacity fading model may be built by MATLAB, or the capacity fading model may be built by other simulation software.
The capacity fading curve may be a curve of discharge energy and cycle number of the battery cell in the whole test process, a curve of internal resistance and cycle number of the battery cell, or a curve of energy retention rate and cycle number, and the embodiment of the application does not limit the energy capacity fading curve. It can be understood that the capacity fading curve includes capacity fading curves of all the battery cells in the battery pack, and according to the capacity fading curve, the influence of temperature on the battery cells can be intuitively displayed, so that the determined capacity fading curve can conform to the practical application environment of the battery cells. It can be understood that when the capacity fading curve is fitted according to the capacity fading model, the cycle number, the discharge energy of the battery cell, the energy retention rate of the battery cell, the internal resistance of the battery cell, and the like can be input into the capacity fading model, and the capacity fading curve of each battery cell can be fitted through the fading model.
In one possible implementation, since the plurality of battery cells belonging to the same battery module are at the same temperature, the fitted capacity fade curve may also be a capacity fade curve for each battery module in the battery pack. For example, the charge energy of the battery module at each discharge test is the sum of the charge energies of the plurality of battery cells that it includes, the discharge energy is the sum of the discharge energies of the plurality of battery cells that it includes, and the internal resistance of the battery module is the sum of the internal resistances of all the battery cells that it includes. Therefore, the energy retention rate and the energy efficiency of the battery module can be obtained from the charge energy and the discharge energy of the battery module, thereby obtaining a capacity fade curve of the battery module.
It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the present application are described by way of example only with respect to the capacity fade curves described above, and are not intended to be limiting.
And S203, determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve.
For example, when determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fade curve, the number of cycles corresponding to the decrease of the discharge energy of each battery module or battery cell in the battery pack to be tested to the preset discharge energy may be determined in the capacity fade curve, and the number of cycles is determined as the number of cycles of the battery module or battery cell in the battery pack, that is, the cycle life. Or determining the corresponding cycle times when the internal resistance of the battery module or the battery monomer reaches the preset internal resistance, and determining the cycle times as the cycle times of the battery module or the battery monomer, namely the cycle life.
Therefore, according to the battery pack cycle life testing method provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery parameters of the plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures are obtained, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery monomers are not identical; constructing a capacity fading model according to battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model; and determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures can be obtained, the capacity fading curve is determined according to the obtained battery parameters, and then the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested is determined, so that the determined battery parameters can accord with the capacity fading curve under the application environments of different temperatures, the simulation environment of the battery monomers is ensured to be closer to the actual application environment of the battery monomers, and the accuracy of the determined cycle life of the battery pack to be tested is improved.
In another embodiment of the present application, before obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, determining the corresponding temperatures of the battery cells according to the corresponding relationship between the battery cells and the temperatures; according to the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, the temperature regulating device is controlled to regulate the temperature of each battery cell to the temperature corresponding to the battery cell, and a plurality of battery cells are placed on the temperature regulating device.
The temperature controlling device may be a heating device, such as a heating plate, or may be a cooling device, and each battery module in the battery pack to be tested corresponds to one temperature controlling device, which is not limited in any way in the embodiment of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, the temperature of each battery monomer is regulated and controlled to the corresponding temperature by controlling the temperature regulating and controlling device, so that the temperature of the battery monomer is close to the actual application environment, and the accuracy of the test is improved.
In another embodiment of the present application, the temperature of multiple battery cells may be determined, and the battery cells may be divided into different temperature intervals according to the number of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested and a plurality of preset temperature intervals, and the correspondence between the battery cells and the temperature may be determined.
For example, the division may be performed according to battery modules to which the battery cells belong. For example, 6 temperature intervals are preset, and 12 battery modules are included in the battery pack to be tested. The first 6 battery modules may be sequentially divided into 6 temperature zones according to the arrangement order of the battery modules, and then the last 6 battery modules may be sequentially divided into 6 temperature zones. The embodiments of the present application are described by way of example only, but are not limited thereto.
It can be understood that the correspondence between the battery cells and the temperatures in the battery module may be that the battery cells correspond to any temperature in the temperature interval, that is, in the test process, the temperature of the battery cells is only required to be within the temperature interval, or correspond to any fixed temperature value in the temperature interval, that is, in the test process, the temperature of the battery cells is the fixed temperature value, or other hostile manners, which is not limited in any way by the embodiment of the present application.
For example, if the test is performed at room temperature of 25 ℃, a heating plate may be used to maintain each battery module of the battery pack to be tested between 30 ℃ and 45 ℃ so as to be closer to the corresponding actual temperature during use of the battery module.
In the embodiment of the application, the corresponding relation between the battery monomer and the temperature in the battery pack to be tested is determined, so that the battery monomer is controlled to be at different temperatures, the application environment of the battery monomer is simulated, the cycle life of the determined battery pack is more approximate to the true value, and the accuracy of the cycle life of the determined battery pack is effectively improved.
In order to facilitate understanding of the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application, a battery pack including 12 battery modules, each of which includes 20 battery cells, will be described in detail below, and the internal structure of the battery pack may be shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application. According to fig. 3, the battery pack includes two battery cabinets, namely, cabinet 1 and cabinet 2, each of which contains 6 battery modules, and the battery pack includes 12 battery modules in total, and a plurality of battery modules are connected together in series. Each battery module comprises a slave acquisition board for acquiring the voltage and the temperature of the battery module or the battery cells in the battery module. The dashed line in fig. 3 is a communication harness, which is used for transmitting the voltage and the temperature of each battery module or the battery monomer in each battery module to the main control board, and then the main control board transmits the voltage and the temperature to the test host through the reserved CAN communication interface. The high-voltage box comprises a main control board and is mainly used for being connected with a tester through a power interface B+ and a power interface B-, so that the battery pack is subjected to charge and discharge test. The main control board is also used for middle-level control.
In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage and the temperature of each battery cell may be collected when the voltage and the temperature are collected, which is only illustrated as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
It will be appreciated that, for example, the battery modules in the battery pack are at different temperatures, and a heating plate (not shown in fig. 3) is mounted at the bottom of each battery module, and the embodiment of the present application is only illustrated by taking the heating plate as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
For example, each battery module in fig. 3 is made up of a plurality of battery cells, and specifically, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic internal structure of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application. According to fig. 4, each battery module includes 20 battery cells, and the battery cells are connected in series. In fig. 4, each battery cell includes a temperature acquisition device (not shown in fig. 4), and the dotted line in fig. 4 is used to acquire the temperature of each battery cell. The battery module in fig. 4 is connected with other battery modules through a B-connector and a b+ connector.
For example, when performing the cycle life test on the battery packs shown in fig. 3 and 4, a test platform needs to be built first. The testing platform is built in an incubator or a greenhouse, the room temperature is regulated and controlled through an isothermal adjusting device of an air conditioner, and the environmental humidity and the temperature of the testing platform can be detected and recorded through a temperature and humidity tester. After the test platform is built, a power wire harness is manufactured according to a power interface B+ and a power interface B-reserved in a high-voltage box in the battery pack, and the battery pack is connected with the tester through the power wire harness.
Further, the heating plate is controlled by the control host to heat the battery module at the bottom of the battery module, so that the battery module is in a corresponding temperature range. For example, the temperature ranges corresponding to the battery modules of the battery pack may be shown in fig. 5, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a temperature curve of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application. In fig. 5, M1 to M12 respectively represent 12 power modules, and according to the temperature of the battery modules 1 to 6 and 7 to 12 in the battery shown in fig. 5, the temperature ranges shown in fig. 5 are taken as examples, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
For example, before performing the test operation, it is also necessary to test the DOD interval of the battery pack, thereby determining the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of each battery cell. In the embodiment of the application, the DOD interval of the battery pack is 95%, the voltage interval of the corresponding battery cell is 2.8V-3.6V, that is, the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cell is 2.6V, and the charge cut-off voltage is 3.6V.
Further, after the battery module is heated to a corresponding temperature and the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage of the battery cell are determined, a test operation may be performed. The test operation can be shown in fig. 6, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for testing the cycle life of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application. The method for testing the cycle life of the battery cell can comprise the following steps:
S601, initializing charge and discharge operation for the battery cell.
For example, when the battery cell is subjected to the initial charge and discharge operation, the battery cell may be left to stand at room temperature, i.e., at 25±5 ℃ for 5 hours, and then subjected to the initial charge operation. When the initial charging operation is carried out, discharging to the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cell by 0.5P constant power of 2.8V, and standing for 30 minutes; and then charging to the charge cut-off voltage of the battery cell by 0.5P constant power, and standing for 30 minutes to finish the initialization charging operation.
Further, the battery cell is subjected to initial discharge operation, specifically, the battery cell is charged to a charge cut-off voltage of 3.6 at constant power of 0.5P, and the battery cell is kept stand for 30 minutes; then discharging to the discharge cut-off voltage of the battery cell by 0.5P constant power to 2.8V, and standing for 30 minutes to finish the initialization discharge operation.
S601, performing charge-discharge cycle test on the battery monomer to obtain battery parameters of the battery monomer.
For example, when the charge-discharge cycle operation is performed, the battery cell is charged with 0.3P-1P constant power until the battery cell reaches the charge cut-off voltage, the charge energy EC1 of the test is recorded according to the electric energy meter data, and after the battery cell is left to stand for 30 minutes, the battery cell is discharged with 0.5P constant power until the battery cell reaches the discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge energy ED1 of the test is recorded according to the electric energy meter data, and the battery cell is left to stand for 30 minutes. The above-described charge and discharge operations were repeated, and the cycle was continued 500 times.
For example, during the cycle test, the charge energy, discharge energy, charge time, discharge time, charge end and discharge end of the battery cell voltage were recorded for the first cycle and 20 times per cycle. And calculating the energy retention rate and the corresponding energy efficiency of the charging energy and the discharging energy of the battery monomer at the end of each 20 cycles relative to the charging energy and the discharging energy at the end of the first cycle; and an average value of the cell voltage range at the end of the cycle test may be calculated to evaluate the cells.
In the cycle test process, for example, after the 100 th, 200 th, 300 th and 500 th cycle tests are finished, respectively performing an HPPC test, calculating whether the direct current internal resistance, the DOD interval and the charge cut-off voltage and discharge cut-off voltage interval of the last cycle test of the battery cell are consistent, and if not, performing the cycle test by using the new charge cut-off voltage and discharge cut-off voltage.
It is understood that when the HPPC test is performed using the amperometric method, the remaining capacity SOC may be performed in an environment of 25 ℃ at room temperature, determining 10 seconds discharge power and 10 seconds charge power of the primary battery pack at 10% intervals, thereby determining the direct current internal resistance of the battery cells.
After the battery parameters of the battery cells are acquired, the following step S603 may be performed:
s603, building a life attenuation model and building a capacity fading curve.
For example, in building a life-time decay model, key parameters of the battery cells may be extracted, including but not limited to: charge and discharge energy, charge energy retention rate, discharge energy retention rate, energy efficiency, cell temperature, and DC internal resistance. And constructing a life attenuation model, namely a capacity fading model by utilizing MATLAB, and matching and simulating a capacity fading curve.
It will be appreciated that the cycle life of the battery may be determined from the capacity fade curve.
In summary, by setting up the battery pack cycle life test platform and considering the influence of temperature on the battery life, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application designs the heating plates in each battery module, so that the test of the battery life attenuation at different temperatures can be realized, the battery life attenuation can be tested for temperature non-uniformity, and the accuracy of the battery pack cycle life test is improved.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cycle life testing apparatus 70 according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 7, for example, the battery cycle life testing apparatus 70 may include:
The testing module 701 is configured to obtain battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, where the battery parameters include charge and discharge energy and internal resistance of the battery, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery cells are not all the same.
The processing module 702 is configured to construct a capacity fade model according to the battery parameters, and fit a capacity fade curve according to the capacity fade model.
A determining module 703, configured to determine the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fade curve.
Optionally, the test module 701 is specifically configured to determine a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage corresponding to an initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested; controlling a tester to perform HPPC test on a plurality of battery monomers in a battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery monomer to obtain the internal resistance of each battery monomer at the corresponding temperature; and controlling the tester to perform multiple charge and discharge tests on the plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, so as to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature.
Optionally, the test module 701 is further configured to determine a temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to a corresponding relationship between the battery cell and the temperature; according to the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, the temperature regulating device is controlled to regulate the temperature of each battery cell to the temperature corresponding to the battery cell, and a plurality of battery cells are placed on the temperature regulating device.
Optionally, the test module 701 is further configured to determine a current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested each time the test number reaches a first preset number; judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time; and updating the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage according to the current DOD interval when the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time.
Optionally, the battery parameters further include energy retention; the test module 701 is specifically configured to obtain, when the number of tests reaches a second preset number of times, a first discharge energy of each battery cell in the test at a temperature corresponding to the battery cell; acquiring second discharge energy of each battery cell in a first test; and determining the ratio between the second discharging energy and the first discharging energy as the energy retention rate of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature of the battery cell.
Optionally, the testing module is further configured to divide the battery cells into different temperature intervals according to the number of the battery cells in the battery pack to be tested and a plurality of preset temperature intervals, and determine a corresponding relationship between the battery cells and the temperature.
The device for testing the cycle life of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the application can execute the technical scheme of the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack in any embodiment, and the implementation principle and the beneficial effects of the device are similar to those of the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack, and can be seen from the implementation principle and the beneficial effects of the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack, and the repeated description is omitted.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to the present application. As shown in fig. 8, the electronic device 800 may include: at least one processor 801 and a memory 802.
A memory 802 for storing programs. In particular, the program may include program code including computer-operating instructions.
Memory 802 may comprise high-speed RAM memory or may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.
The processor 801 is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 802 to implement the battery pack cycle life testing method described in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor 801 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU), or an Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present application. Specifically, when the method for testing the cycle life of the battery pack described in the foregoing method embodiment is implemented, the electronic device may be, for example, an electronic device having a processing function, such as a terminal or a server.
Optionally, the electronic device 800 may also include a communication interface 803. In a specific implementation, if the communication interface 803, the memory 802, and the processor 801 are implemented independently, the communication interface 803, the memory 802, and the processor 801 may be connected to each other and perform communication with each other through buses. The bus may be an industry standard architecture (Industry Standard Architecture, abbreviated ISA) bus, an external device interconnect (PERIPHERAL COMPONENT, abbreviated PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (Extended Industry Standard Architecture, abbreviated EISA) bus, among others. Buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc., but do not represent only one bus or one type of bus.
Alternatively, in a specific implementation, if the communication interface 803, the memory 802, and the processor 801 are implemented on a single chip, the communication interface 803, the memory 802, and the processor 801 may complete communication through internal interfaces.
The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random-access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc., in which program codes may be stored, and in particular, the computer-readable storage medium stores program instructions for the methods in the above embodiments.
The present application also provides a program product comprising execution instructions stored in a readable storage medium. The at least one processor of the electronic device may read the execution instructions from the readable storage medium, and execution of the execution instructions by the at least one processor causes the electronic device to implement the battery pack cycle life testing method provided by the various embodiments described above.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing battery cycle life, comprising:
acquiring battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery monomers are not all the same;
Constructing a capacity fading model according to the battery parameters, and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model;
Determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve;
the obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures includes:
Determining a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage corresponding to an initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested;
controlling a tester to perform mixed power pulse characteristic test on a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at a temperature corresponding to each battery monomer, so as to obtain the internal resistance of each battery monomer at the corresponding temperature;
The control tester performs multiple charge and discharge tests on a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature;
The method further comprises the steps of:
Determining the current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested when the test times reach the first preset times;
judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time;
And if the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time, updating the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage according to the current DOD interval.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to obtaining the battery parameters for the plurality of cells in the battery pack under test at different temperatures, the method further comprises:
Determining the corresponding temperature of each battery cell according to the corresponding relation between the battery cell and the temperature;
according to the temperature corresponding to each battery cell, the temperature regulating and controlling device is controlled to regulate the temperature of each battery cell to the temperature corresponding to the battery cell, and a plurality of battery cells are placed on the temperature regulating and controlling device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery parameters further comprise an energy retention rate;
the obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery cells in a battery pack to be tested at different temperatures respectively includes:
When the test times reach the second preset times, acquiring first discharge energy of each battery cell at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell in the test;
acquiring second discharge energy of each battery cell in a first test;
And determining the ratio between the second discharging energy and the first discharging energy as the energy retention rate of each battery cell at the temperature corresponding to the battery cell.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
dividing the battery cells into different temperature intervals according to the number of the battery cells in the battery pack to be tested and a plurality of preset temperature intervals, and determining the corresponding relation between the battery cells and the temperature.
5. A battery cycle life testing apparatus, comprising:
The testing module is used for obtaining battery parameters of a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at different temperatures, wherein the battery parameters comprise charge and discharge energy and battery internal resistance, and the temperatures corresponding to the battery monomers are not identical;
the processing module is used for building a capacity fading model according to the battery parameters and fitting a capacity fading curve according to the capacity fading model;
The determining module is used for determining the cycle life of the battery pack to be tested according to the capacity fading curve;
The testing module is specifically configured to determine a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage corresponding to an initial DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested; controlling a tester to perform mixed power pulse characteristic test on a plurality of battery monomers in the battery pack to be tested at a temperature corresponding to each battery monomer, so as to obtain the internal resistance of each battery monomer at the corresponding temperature; the control tester performs multiple charge and discharge tests on a plurality of battery cells in the battery pack to be tested at the temperature corresponding to each battery cell according to the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage to obtain the charge and discharge energy of each battery cell at the corresponding temperature;
The test module is further used for determining a current DOD interval of the battery pack to be tested when the test times reach a first preset times; judging whether the current DOD interval is consistent with the DOD interval determined last time; and if the current DOD interval is inconsistent with the DOD interval determined last time, updating the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage according to the current DOD interval.
6. An electronic device, comprising: a processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor;
the memory stores computer-executable instructions;
the processor executes computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method of any one of claims 1-4.
7. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein computer executable instructions which when executed by a processor are adapted to carry out the method of any one of claims 1-4.
8. A computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of the preceding claims 1-4.
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