CN114302953B - 一种芽孢杆菌属菌株及其用于促进植物生长的方法 - Google Patents
一种芽孢杆菌属菌株及其用于促进植物生长的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,该组合物包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B‑67746和具有该菌株所有识别特征的该菌株突变体的生物纯培养物。本发明还提供了一种促进植物生长的方法,其中,该方法包括将该菌株或突变体施用于植物、植物部位和/或植物位置。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年6月24日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/865,823的优先权,其全部内容通过引用的方式纳入本文。
引用电子提交的序列表
通过EFS-Web将序列表的正式副本作为ASCII格式的序列表以电子方式提交,该文件名称为“BCS199001_WO_ST25.txt”,创建于2020年6月3日,大小为3千字节,并与本说明书同时提交。包含在该ASCII格式文档中的序列表是本说明书的一部分,并且该序列表以引用的方式全文纳入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及细菌菌株领域及其增强植物健康,包括产量的能力。
背景技术
在作物保护方面,对增强植物健康的应用技术的需求是持续不断的。更健康的植物通常会带来更高的产量和/或更佳的植物或其产品的质量。此外,由于其活力增强,更健康的植物会表现出更佳的对生物和/或非生物胁迫的抗性。
为了促进植物健康,全世界都在使用无机和有机物肥料。一种肥料可以为单一物质或一种组合物,用于为植物提供营养。化肥应用的一个重大突破是由Justus von Liebig在大约1840年所开发的氮肥。然而,肥料会导致土壤酸化和土壤营养平衡的不稳定,包括矿物质的枯竭和盐与重金属的富集。此外,过量使用化肥将导致土壤动物群的改变以及地表水和地下水的污染。并且,有害物质如硝酸盐可能在植物和果实中富集。
促进植物生长的一个可能的肥料替代品是与植物相关的细菌,如根际细菌(rhizobacteria)。这类细菌与许多(如果并非全部)植物物种相关。与植物相关的细菌影响植物生长的机制仍有待研究。Ryu等人[Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.[2003]100,4927-4932]的研究表明,在定植根系的根际细菌中,有些菌株通过释放2,3-丁二醇和乙偶姻调控植物生长。
现在仍然需要提供促进植物生长和改善其健康状况的替代方法。包括需要高效的促进植物生长的根际细菌和相关发酵产物。
发明概要
为了满足这一需求,申请人开发了一种具有显著促进植物生长能力的促进植物生长的根际细菌:芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus spp.)NRRL B-67746。本发明涉及包含芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746的组合物。本发明还包括具有亲本菌株所有识别特征的该菌株的突变体。这类组合物是亲本菌株或突变菌株的生物纯培养物。在某些情况下,与芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746相比,这些突变体促进植物生长的能力更强。
在某些方面,突变菌株与芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的序列同一性大于90%。在其他方面,突变菌株与B-67746的16S rRNA序列具有至少约98%的序列同一性。
在某些情况下,该组合物是芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746或其突变体的发酵产物。在其他方面,发酵产物是冷冻干粉或喷雾干粉。
在某些方面,发酵产物还包含一种制剂成分。该制剂成分可以是润湿剂、扩展剂、溶剂、自发性促进剂、乳化剂、分散剂、冷冻保护剂、渗透保护剂、增稠剂、孢子营养发酵剂和/或佐剂。在一个实施方案中,所述制剂成分为增稠剂。在另一方面,发酵产物是一种可流动悬浮液。
本发明还提供了一种处理植物以改善植物生长的方法,包括通过提高植物产量,通过将芽孢杆菌属种菌株B-67746或其突变体,或包含芽孢杆菌属种菌株B-67746或其突变体的组合物施用于植物、植物部位和/或植物的位置。该组合物可以是芽孢杆菌属种菌株B-67746或其突变体的发酵产物。在本实施方案的另一方面,该组合物还包括农业上可接受的载体,如一种制剂成分。
在其他实施方案中,该方法包括将该组合物施用于植物的种子。
在其他方面,可用植物选自大豆、玉米、高粱、棉花、小麦、加拿大油菜(油菜)和甜菜。
在另一方面,该组合物包含一种被芽孢杆菌属种菌株B-67746或其突变体包被的可用植物的种子。在一个实施方案中,该菌株以每颗种子约1×105至约1×1010菌落形成单位(CFU)的芽孢杆菌属种菌株B-67746或其突变体施用。
详细内容
芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746是一种从美国棉花病害管理田间试验中分离所得的根际细菌。芽孢杆菌属NRRL B-67746又称为AP211。进行标准测定以确定NRRL B-67746产生铁载体和吲哚乙酸,提高氮的同化和吸收,以及存在于大豆根瘤中。这些特性是植物促生特性的指标。例如,在与所述细菌相关的植物中,铁载体的产生将提高铁的可用性,因为铁载体可以复合铁,从而使其可被植物吸收。此外,植物利用植物激素,如生长素,包括IAA,来影响细胞功能。有研究表明微生物IAA产生与植物生长呈正相关。参见Shahab,S.等人“IndoleAcetic Acid Production and Enhanced Plant Growth Promotion by IndigenousPSBs,”African Journal of Agricultural Research,Vo1.4(11),(2009年11月),1312-1316];也可参见Marques,A.等人“Assessment of the Plant Growth PromotionAbilities of Six Bacterial Isolates Using Zea mays as Indicator Plant,”Soil Biology and Biochemistry,42(2010),1229-1235。
经过16S核糖体RNA测序,NRRL B-67746被鉴定为芽孢杆菌属菌株。NRRL B-67746的16S核糖体DNA序列为SEQ ID NO:1。对NRRL B-67746的全基因组序列分析表明,该菌株是解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amlyoliquefaciens)操作组的一部分,该操作组如Fan,B.等人“Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus velezensis,and Bacillus siamensis Forman“Operational Group B.amyloliquefaciens”within the B.subtilis SpeciesComplex,”Front Microbiol,vol.8,p.22(2017)中所述。根据全基因组测序还确定NRRL B-67746是一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。
在实验室中培养NRRL B-67746,并针对几种其它根际细菌的发酵产物对所产生的发酵产物进行筛选。基于NRRL B-67746的组合物与解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组中的其他芽孢杆菌属种相比,具有独特且优越的植物生长促进特性,因此被选中进行进一步开发。实施例部分提供了这些试验和比较的细节。
本文所使用的术语“植物生长促进”或“促进植物生长的”,是指微生物对植物生长、发育或作物产量产生有益影响的能力。例如,这可能涉及与未经处理的植物或作物相比,经过处理的植物或作物的根和芽的长度增加、总表面积增加、体积和/或鲜重和/或干重增加。其他有利于植物生长的标志包括大豆结瘤的增大,总细根的增加和分枝根的数量增加。
植物生长促进还可通过提高的植物活力来表征,提高的植物活力包括以下方面:(a)提高植物的生命力、(b)提高植物和/或植物产品的质量,例如,提高蛋白质含量、(c)改进视觉外观、(d)延迟衰老、(e)增强的根生长和/或更发达的根系(例如,由根的干重决定),根结构改变、(f)增大的结瘤,特别是根瘤菌结瘤、(g)更长的穗、(h)更大的叶片、(i)更少的死基叶、(j)增加叶绿素含量、(k)增加氮平衡指数、(l)减少花青素、(m)延长光合活性期、(n)增加或改善林分密度、(o)减少植株倒伏、(p)增加植株重量、(q)增加株高、(r)增加分蘖、(s)更强壮和/或更高产的分蘖、(t)减少非生产性分蘖、(u)增加光合活性和/或增加色素含量,从而使叶片颜色更绿、(v)更早发芽和/或改善的发芽、(w)提高和/或更均匀和/或更早的出苗、(x)增加的枝条生长、(y)更早开花、(z)更早结实、(aa)更早的籽粒成熟、(ab)更少的肥料需求、(ac)更少的单位植物面积所需的种子、(ad)改善的与菌根等有益共生生物的联系、(ae)提高谷粒大小和/或填充度、如在玉米或小麦中、(af)增强营养或环境胁迫的耐受性、(ag)增强植物营养和/或水分吸收。
根据本发明,植物特别是一种农业、林业和/或观赏植物的“增产”,指的是各植物产品(种子、块茎、叶子、花)的经济产量相较于相同条件下但未施用本发明的组合物或未施用亲本细菌菌株如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其突变体产生的植物的相同产品的产量,增加了可测量的量。根据本发明,优选产量与合适的对照相比,增加至少0.5%,或至少1%,或至少2%,或至少4%,或至少5%,或至少10%。
植物生长促进能力是指将菌株施用于植物、植物部位或植物位置后,相较于未用植物生长促进菌株处理的植物,菌株改善植物上述特性之一的能力。在一个实施方案中,相较于相同条件但未经过促进植物生长的菌株处理或未施用芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其突变体而产生的植物,本发明的菌株使产量或植物总重增加至少约0.5%、或至少约1%、或至少约2%、或至少约3%、或至少约4%、或至少约5%、或至少约6%、或至少约7%、或至少约8%、或至少约9%、或至少约10%、或至少约11%、或至少约12%。
本发明还提供了具有增强植物生长促进特性的芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的突变体以及产生、筛选和开发此类突变体的方法。
术语“突变体”指衍生自芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的遗传变体。在一个实施方案中,突变体具有芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的一个或多个或全部识别(功能)特征。在一个特定实例中,突变体或其发酵产物可提高植物健康,包括产量。这样的突变体可以是遗传变体,其基因组序列与NRRL B-67746具有大于约85%、大于约90%、大于约95%、大于约96%、大于约97%、大于约98%或大于约99%的序列同一性。在另一个实例中,这些突变体的16S rDNA序列与NRRL B-67746的16S rDNA序列具有至少约98%、至少约99%或至少约100%的序列同一性。
突变菌株可以是具有芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的一个或多个或全部识别特征,特别是比一种或多种这类菌株更好的促进植物生长的活性的任何突变菌株。在另一实施方案中,突变体比亲本菌株产生了更多的吲哚乙酸(“IAA”)。
突变体可以通过以下方法获得:用化学物质或辐照处理芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRLB-67746的细胞、或通过从此类芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746细胞群中选择自发突变体(如噬菌体抗性突变体或抗生素抗性突变体)、通过如下文所述的基因组改组、或通过其他本技术领域所熟知的方法,如基因编辑。
芽孢杆菌属菌株之间的基因组改组(genome shuffling)可以通过原生质体融合过程来促进。这一过程起始于营养性杆菌细胞原生质体的形成。通常使用溶菌酶和渗透稳定剂去除肽聚糖细胞壁,使原生质体的形成。此过程在光学显微镜下可见,伴随出现球形细胞。然后添加聚乙二醇(PEG)诱导原生质体之间的融合,使两个或多个细胞的遗传内容物接触,促进重组和基因组改组。然后融合后的细胞经过重新分配并在固体生长培养基上恢复。在恢复过程中,原生质体重建肽聚糖细胞壁,转变回杆菌形状。参见Schaeffer等人,(1976)PNAS USA,第73卷,6:2151-2155)。
在一个实施方案中,获得突变体的方法包括生产突变体,然后筛选其中与亲本菌株相比具有更强植物生长促进能力的突变体。在一个实施方案中,与来自用亲本菌株处理的材料的植物、作物、果实或蔬菜产量或植物质量相比,来自用突变菌株处理的材料的植物、作物、果实或蔬菜产量或植物质量增加了约1%至约10%、约2%至约15%、约2%至约20%。在另一方面,与未经处理的植物、作物、果实或蔬菜,或用野生型菌株处理的植物、作物、果实或蔬菜相比,用突变菌株处理的材料的植物、作物、果实或蔬菜产量增加了约1%、约2%、约3%、约4%、约5%、约10%、约20%、约30%。
在另一实施方案中,可以筛选这些突变体的以下特征:与亲本菌株相比,各种植物生长调节剂如IAA、赤霉素或细胞分裂素的产生增加;1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶或超氧化物歧化酶的产生或活性增加;有助于诱导植物系统抗性的细菌化合物如铁载体、水杨酸和脂多糖的产生增加;和/或与亲本菌株相比促进植物生长的能力增强。多轮诱变(每轮之间进行或不进行筛选)可用于产生和筛选突变体。可以产生具有一种或多种改良属性的突变体的发酵产物并将其施用于植物以促进植物生长。
根据本发明中的方法,包含芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或上述菌株的植物生长促进突变体的组合物可以施用至在任何类型的用于种植植物的介质(如土、蛭石、切碎的纸板、和水)中生长的任何植物或植物的任何部分或施用至在空中生长的植物或植物部分,如兰花或鹿角蕨类。例如,该组合物可以通过喷雾、雾化、蒸发、散射、撒粉、灌溉、喷射、喷洒、倾倒或熏蒸施用。如上文所述,可在目标植物所处的任何所需位置进行施用,如农业、园艺、森林、种植园、果园、苗圃、有机种植作物、草坪草和城市环境。
本发明的菌种和组合物可以以粉末、水性或非水性溶液形式施用于种子、植物或植物部分。粉末可以是干粉、可湿粉或水分散颗粒。在一些实施方案中,产生孢子的细菌为溶液、可乳化浓缩物、可湿粉、悬浮浓缩物、可溶性粉末、颗粒、悬浮乳液浓缩物、活性化合物浸染的天然和合成材料以及精细控制释放胶囊。本发明的菌株和组合物可以在种植之前、种植时或种植后以液体或干燥物形式与土壤混合。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物在种植之前或在种植时以液体状态与土壤混合。
本发明的组合物包括本发明所述菌株的生物纯培养物。芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746及其衍生突变体的生物纯培养物可以根据本领域熟知的方法(包括如下所述的使用培养基和其他方法)获得。
传统的大规模微生物培养过程包括深层发酵、固态发酵或液体表面培养。在发酵过程中,随着营养物质的消耗,细胞开始由生长期向产孢期过渡,从而使最终的发酵产物主要是孢子、代谢产物和剩余的发酵培养基。产孢是芽孢杆菌属种自然生命周期的一部分,通常由细胞因响应营养限制而启动。配置发酵以获得高水平菌落形成单位并促进产孢。培养基中由发酵产生的细菌细胞、孢子和代谢物可以直接使用或通过常规工业方法浓缩,如离心或过滤,如切向流过滤或深度过滤,以及蒸发。
本发明的组合物包括所述微生物培养过程中的产物。在采用深层发酵作为培养过程的实施方案中,所述产物被称为“发酵液”。该发酵液可以被浓缩,如上文所述。可以对浓缩发酵液进行清洗,例如,通过渗滤过程,以去除残余发酵液和代谢产物。本文所使用的术语“发酵液浓缩物”是指上文所述通过传统工业方法浓缩但仍为液体形式的发酵液。
发酵液或发酵液浓缩物可通过常规干燥过程或方法在添加或不添加载体的情况下进行干燥,所述过程或方法如喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、盘状干燥、流化床干燥、滚筒干燥或蒸发。
所得干燥产物可以进一步加工,如通过碾磨或造粒,以达到特定的颗粒大小或物理规格。下文所述的载体也可以在干燥后添加。
此处所使用的术语“发酵产物”是指发酵液、发酵液浓缩物和/或干燥发酵液或发酵液浓缩物,在本文中指干燥发酵液。
本发明中菌种发酵液的无细胞制剂可以通过本技术领域中已知的任何方法获得,如发酵液的提取、离心和/或过滤。本领域中的技术人员应理解所谓的无细胞制剂并非没有细胞,而是大部分或基本上是无细胞的,这取决于所使用的去除细胞技术(例如离心速度)。所得无细胞制剂可以进行干燥和/或用协助其对植物或植物生长介质应用的成分配制。上述发酵液的浓缩方法和干燥技术也适用于无细胞制剂。
在一个实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×105菌落形成单位(CFU)的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746,或其促进植物健康或促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×106CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×107CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×108CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRLB-67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×109CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×1010CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含至少约1×1011CFU的微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物生长的突变菌株)/mL发酵液。
在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×108菌落形成单位(CFU)微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×109CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×1010CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×1011CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×1012CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×1013CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含至少约1×1014CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含约1×108CFU至约1×1014CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含约1×109CFU至约1×1013CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。在另一实施方案中,发酵产物是包含约1×1010CFU至约1×1012CFU微生物(如芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其促进植物健康的突变菌株)/mL发酵液的发酵液浓缩物或干燥发酵液。
在另一实施方案中,发酵产物包含约1%、约2%、约3%、约4%、约5%、约6%、约7%、约8%、约9%、约10%、约15%、约20%或约25%的发酵固体。发酵固体包括孢子、营养细胞和未耗尽的发酵培养基。在某些方面,发酵产物包含约1%至约60%的发酵固体,例如,在1%到60%内的任何范围,如1%至50%、1%至40%、1%至30%、1%至25%、1%至20%、1%至15%、1%至10%、30%至60%、40%至60%等。在某些方面,发酵产物包含约1%至约25%的发酵固体、约1%至约20%的发酵固体、约1%至约15%的发酵固体或约1%至约10%的发酵固体。
本发明的组合物可以依其本身来使用,或者根据其特定的物理和/或化学性质以它们的制剂或从其制备的使用型的形式使用,例如气溶胶、胶囊悬浮液、冷雾化浓缩液、温雾化浓缩液、胶囊颗粒、细颗粒、用于处理种子的可流动浓缩液、即用溶液、可除尘粉末、可乳化浓缩液、水包油乳剂、油包水乳剂、大颗粒、微颗粒、油分散粉末、油溶性流动浓缩液、油溶性液体、气体(压力下)、产气产品、泡沫、膏体、农药包衣种子、悬浮浓缩液、油分散剂、悬乳剂浓缩液、可溶性浓缩液、悬浮液,包括包封悬浮液,例如,一种含有固体颗粒的油分散剂被包封在水中、可湿性粉末、可溶性粉末、粉尘和颗粒、水溶性和水分散颗粒或片剂、用于种子处理的水溶性和水分散粉末、可湿性粉末、含有活性成分的天然产物和合成物质,微分散剂,以及用于种子的聚合物中和包衣材料中的微包封剂,以及ULV冷雾化和暖雾化制剂。
在某一方面,本发明的生物纯培养物或相关发酵产品与农业上可接受的载体相结合。这种农业上可接受的载体可以是下文所述的惰性制剂。
在某一方面,本发明的组合物被配制成用于种子处理的干粉尘粉末、流动性悬浮液或悬浮液浓缩物、液体溶液、水溶性粉末或水分散粉末。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物为液体制剂。液体制剂的非限制性实例包括悬浮浓缩物和油分散剂。在另一实施方案中,本发明的组合物是固体制剂。固体制剂的非限制性实例包括冷冻干燥粉和喷雾干燥粉。
本发明的组合物可包括惰性制剂,其被添加到包含细胞、无细胞制剂或代谢物的组合物中以提高功效、稳定性和可用性和/或促进加工、包装和在农业中的最终应用。这些惰性制剂和佐剂可包括载体、稳定剂、营养素或物理特性修饰剂,可以独立或组合添加。在一些实施方案中,载体可以包括液体材料,如水、油和其他有机或无机溶剂,以及固体材料,如矿物、聚合物或通过生物或化学合成得到的聚合物复合物。在某些实施方案中,载体是促进组合物附着到植物部分(如种子或根)的粘合剂或黏合剂。参见例如Taylor,A.G.等人,“Concepts and Technologies of Selected Seed Treatments,”Annu.Rev.Phytopathol.28:321-339(1990)。稳定剂可包括抗结块剂、抗氧化剂、干燥剂、保护剂或防腐剂。营养素包括碳、氮和磷源,如糖、多糖、油、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸和磷酸盐或微量营养素,如锰。物理特性修饰剂可包括膨胀剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、pH改性剂、流变改性剂、分散剂、佐剂、表面活性剂、防冻剂或着色剂。在某些实施方案中,包含细胞、无细胞制剂或由发酵产生的代谢物的组合物可以直接使用(加入稀释剂水或不加),而无需任何其他配方制剂。在某些实施方案中,惰性制剂是在发酵液浓缩后并且在干燥过程中和/或干燥后添加的。
在某些方面,发酵产物还包含一种制剂成分。该制剂成分可以是润湿剂、扩展剂、溶剂、自发促进剂、乳化剂、分散剂、冻胶剂、增稠剂和/或佐剂。在一个实施方案中,该制剂成分是润湿剂。
本发明的组合物可包含添加到本发明的组合物中用于提高回收率、功效或物理性能和/或协助加工、包装和给予的制剂成分。这些制剂成分可独立或组合添加。
可以将所述制剂成分添加到包含细胞、无细胞制剂和/或代谢物的组合物中以提高功效、稳定性和物理性能、可用性和/或便于加工、包装和最终使用。这样的制剂成分可包括载体、惰性物、稳定剂、防腐剂、营养素或物理特性修饰剂,均可独立或组合添加。在某些实施方案中,载体可包括液体材料,如水、油和其他有机或无机溶剂以及固体材料,如矿物、聚合物或通过生物或化学合成得到的聚合物复合物。在某些实施方案中,制剂成分为一种粘合剂、佐剂或黏合剂,有助于将该组合物粘附到植物部分,如叶子、种子或根。参见如Taylor,A.G.等人,“Concepts and Technologies of Selected Seed Treatments,”Annu.Rev.Phytopathol.,28:321-339(1990)。稳定剂可包括抗结块剂、抗氧化剂、抗沉淀剂、消泡剂、干燥剂、保护剂或防腐剂。营养素可包括碳、氮、磷源,如糖、多糖、油、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、磷酸盐、大量营养素和微量营养素。大量营养素包括氮、磷、钾、钙、硫和镁。微量营养素包括锌、硼、锰、铁、铜、钠、钼和镍,通常都是微量的。物理特性修饰剂可包括膨松剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、pH改性剂、流变改性剂、分散剂、辅助剂、表面活性剂、成膜剂、亲水剂、增稠剂、防冻剂或着色剂。在某些实施方案中,包含细胞、无细胞制剂和/或发酵产生的代谢物的组合物可以直接使用(加入稀释剂水或不加),而无需任何其他制剂。在一个特定实施方案中,将湿润剂或分散剂添加到干燥的发酵物浓缩液中,例如冷冻干粉或喷雾干粉。润湿剂增加了扩散和渗透性能,而分散剂增加了活性成分(一旦被稀释)被应用到表面时的分散性和溶解度。本领域技术人员已知示例性的润湿剂,其包括磺基丁二酸酯及其衍生物,例如MULTIWETTM MO-70R(Croda Inc.,Edison,NJ);硅氧烷如(Evonik,德国);非离子化合物,例如ATLOXTM 4894(Croda Inc.,Edison,NJ);烷基多聚葡糖苷,例如3001(Huntsman International LLC,The Woodlands,Texas);C12-C14醇乙氧基化物,实例为15-S-15(The Dow Chemical Company,Midland,Michigan);磷脂,例如BG-510(Rhodia,Inc.);以及烷基醚羧化物,例如EMULSOGENTM LS(Clariant Corporation,North Carolina)。
本发明提供了活性化合物组合,包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746或该菌株的促进植物生长的突变体,以及(b)至少一种其他活性化合物,其抵抗至少一种植物病原体和/或植物害虫或具有促进植物生长的活性,包括杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀线虫剂和微生物产品。
化学杀真菌剂混合伴侣(b)
在一个实施方案中,本发明的活性化合物组合包括选自下列的至少一种其他活性化合物作为化合物(b):
(1)麦角固醇合成抑制剂,
(2)呼吸链复合物I或II处的抑制剂,
(3)呼吸链复合物III处的抑制剂,
(4)有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,
(5)能够具有多位点作用的化合物,
(6)能够诱导宿主防御的化合物,
(7)氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,
(8)ATP产生抑制剂,
(9)细胞壁合成抑制剂,
(10)脂质和膜合成抑制剂,
(11)黑色素生物合成抑制剂,
(12)核酸合成抑制剂,
(13)信号转导抑制剂,
(14)能作为解偶联剂的化合物,
(15)其他杀真菌剂,选自:(15.001)脱落酸(abscisic acid)、(15.002)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.003)bethoxazin、(15.004)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.008)环氟菌胺(cyfiufenamid)、(15.009)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.010)环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、(15.011)氟噻亚菌胺(flutianil)、(15.012)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)三乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)三乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.016)苯菌酮(metrafenone)、(15.017)米多霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)多马霉素(natamycin)、(15.019)福美镍(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021)oxamocarb、(15.022)oxathiapiprolin、(15.023)oxyfenthiin、(15.024)五氯酚及其盐、(15.025)磷酸及其盐、(15.026)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.027)pyriofenone(chlazafenone),(15.028)丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.029)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.030)tolnifanide、(15.031)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.032)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二-氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.033)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034)dipymetitrone、(15.035)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.036)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.037)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.038)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-c氯苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.041)ipflufenoquin、(15.042)2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧代]苯基}异丙醇、(15.043)fluoxapiprolin、(15.044)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.045)2-苯基苯酚及其盐、(15.046)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047)quinofumelin、(15.048)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构体:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-烷酮)、(15.049)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.050)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051)5-氯-N′-苯基-N′-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、(15.052)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧代]-嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053)5-氟-2-[(4-甲苄基)氧代]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054)9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯二氮、(15.055)丁-3-炔-1-基{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧代)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.056)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯、(15.057)吩嗪-1-羧酸、(15.058)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸盐(2:1)、(15.061)叔丁基{6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧代)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.062)5-氟-4-亚氨基-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-烷酮、(15.063)aminopyrifen、(15.064)(N′-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.065)(N′-(2-氯-5-甲基-4苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.066)(2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧代]-6-氟苯基}丙-2-醇)、(15.067)(5-溴-1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.068)(3-(4,4-二氟-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-基)喹啉)、(15.069)(1-(4,5-二甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.070)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.071)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.072)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)-8-氟喹啉、(15.073)(N-甲基-N-苯基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺)、(15.074){4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(15.075)(N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}环丙烷甲酰胺)、(15.076)N-甲基-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.077)N-[(E)-甲氧基亚氨基-甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.078)N-[(Z)-甲氧基亚氨基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.079)N-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.080)N-(2-氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.081)2,2-二氟-N-甲基-2-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]乙酰胺、(15.082)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]乙酰胺、(15.083)N-[(E)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.084)N-[(Z)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.085)N-烯丙基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.086)4,4-三甲基-1-[[4-[5-(二氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.087)N-甲基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯硫代甲酰胺、(15.088)5-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯烷-2-酮、(15.089)N-((2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺、(15.090)1-甲氧基-1-甲基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.091)1,1-二乙基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.092)N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.093)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.094)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.095)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙烷甲酰胺、(15.096)N,2-二甲氧基-N-114-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.097)N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.098)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.099)1,3-二甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.100)3-乙基-1-甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]脲、(15.101)1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.102)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.103)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.104)3,3-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.105)1-[[3-氟-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑3-基]-苯基]甲基]氮杂环庚-2-酮、(15.106)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.107)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑烷-3-酮、(15.108)1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-吡唑-4-甲酸乙酯、(15.109)N,N-二甲基-1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺、(15.110)N-{2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}丁酰胺、(15.111)N-(1-甲基环丙基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.112)N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.113)1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.114)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.115)1-(5-(氟甲基)-6-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.116)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.117)4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基二甲基氨基甲酸酯、(15.118)N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}丙酰胺、(15.119)3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.120)9-氟-3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.121)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-双(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧杂环庚烯-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.122)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰基}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-9-氟-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧庚英-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.123)1-(6,7-二甲基吡唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.124)8-氟-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基)喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.125)8-氟-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基]喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.126)N-(2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺和(15.127)N-[(2S)-2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺。
化合物(B)优选地选自:
麦角固醇合成抑制剂,其选自:(1.001)环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)、(1.002)苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、(1.003)氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、(1.004)环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、(1.005)苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、(1.006)丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、(1.007)胺苯呲菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、(1.008)氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、(1.009)粉唑醇(flutriafol)、(1.010)抑霉唑(imazalil)、(1.011)烯菌灵(imazalil sulphate)、(1.012)种菌唑(ipconazole)、(1.013)叶菌唑(metconazole)、(1.014)腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、(1.015)多效唑(paclobutrazole)、(1.016)咪鲜胺(prochloraz)、(1.017)丙环唑(propiconazole)、(1.018)丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、(1.019)啶菌唑(pyrisoxazole)、(1.020)螺环菌胺(spiroxamine)、(1.021)戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、(1.022)四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、(1.023)三唑醇(triadimenol)、(1.024)十三吗啉(tridemorph)、(1.025)灭菌唑(triticonazole)、(1.026)(1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-氯甲基-2-甲基-1-(1-H-1,2.4-三唑-1-亚甲基)环戊醇、(1.027)(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1-H-1,2.4-三唑-1-亚甲基)环戊醇、(1.028)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.029)(2R)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.030)(2R)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.031)(2S)-2-(1-氯代环丙基)-4-[(1R)-2,2-二氯环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.032)(2S)-2-(1-氯环丙基)-4-[(1S)-2,2-二氯代环丙基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.033)(2S)-2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.034)(R)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.035)(S)-[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.036)[3-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,2-噁唑-4-基](吡啶-3-基)甲醇、(1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-氯-4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-基}甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.039)1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸盐、(1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧基-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸盐、(1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧基-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基硫氰酸酯、(1.042)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.045)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.046)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.050)2-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-5-羟基-2,6,6-三甲基庚-4-基]-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.051)2-[2-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.052)2-[2-氯-4-(4-二氯苯氧基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.053)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇、(1.054)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)戊-2-醇、(1.055)氯氟醚菌唑(mefentrifluconazole)、(1.056)2-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.057)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟-苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.058)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮、(1.059)5-(4-氯苄基)-2-(氯甲基)-2-甲基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)环戊醇、(1.060)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.061)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)环氧-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.062)5-(烯丙基硫基)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)氧杂环丙烷-2-基]甲基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑、(1.063)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.064)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.065)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.066)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{[3-(五氟乙氧基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.067)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-四氟乙基)苯基]硫基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.068)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.069)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.070)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-{3-[(五氟乙基)硫基]苯氧基}苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.071)N′-(2,5-二甲基-4-苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒盐酸盐、(1.072)N′-(4-{[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]磺酰基}-2,5-二甲基苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.073)N′-(4-{3-[(二氟甲基)硫基]苯氧基}-2,5-二甲苯基)-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.074)N′-[5-溴-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基氧基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.075)N′-{4-[(4,5-二氯-1,3-噻唑-2-基)氧基]-2,5-二甲基苯基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.076)N′-{5-溴-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.077)N′-{5-溴-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.078)N′-{5-溴-6-[(顺式-4-异丙基-环己基)氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.079)N′-{5-溴-6-[(反式-4-异丙基环己基)氧代]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.080)N′-{5-溴-6-[1-(3,5-二氟苯基)乙氧基]-2-甲基吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-甲基甲脒盐酸盐、(1.081)ipfentrifluconazole、(1.082)2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.083)2-[6-(4-溴苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.084)2-[6-(4-氯苯氧基)-2-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙-2-醇、(1.085)3-[2-(1-氯环丙基)-3-(3-氯-2-氟-苯基)-2-羟基-丙基]咪唑-4-甲腈、(1.086)4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羟基-3-(5-硫酮-4H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙基]-3-吡啶]氧基]苯甲腈、(1.087)N-异丙基-N′-[5-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基-1-苯基乙基)苯基]-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.088)N′-{5-溴-2-甲基-6-[(1-丙氧基丙-2-基)氧基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-N-亚氨基甲酰胺、(1.089)己唑醇(hexaconazole)、(1.090)戊菌唑(penconazole)以及(1.091)腈苯唑(fenbuconazole);
呼吸链复合物I或II处的抑制剂,其选自:(2.001)苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、(2.002)联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、(2.003)啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、(2.004)萎锈灵(carboxin)、(2.005)氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)、(2.006)氟酰胺(flutolanil)、(2.007)氟唑菌酰胺(fluxapyroxad)、(2.008)呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)、(2.009)异丙噻菌胺(Isofetamid)、(2.010)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9S)、(2.011)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9R)、(2.012)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR)、(2.013)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS和反式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9SR的混合物)、(2.014)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构对映体1R,4S,9R)、(2.015)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构对映体1S,4R,9S)、(2.016)吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)(顺式差向异构外消旋体1RS,4SR,9RS)、(2.017)戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、(2.018)吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、(2.019)氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)、(2.020)Pyraziflumid、(2.021)环丙吡菌胺(sedaxane)、(2.022)1,3-二甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.023)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.024)1,3-二甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.025)1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-N-[2′-(三氟甲基)联苯基-2-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.026)2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)苯甲酰胺、(2.027)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.028)inpyrfluxam、(2.029)3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.030)氟茚唑菌胺(fluindapyr)、(2.031)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3R)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.032)3-(二氟甲基)-N-[(3S)-7-氟-1,1,3-三甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.033)5,8-二氟-N-[2-(2-氟-4-{[4-(三氟甲基)-吡啶-2-基]氧基}苯基)乙基]喹啉-4-胺、(2.034)N-(2-环戊基-5-氟苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.035)N-(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.036)N-(2-叔丁基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.037)N-(5-氯-2-乙基苄基)-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.038)isoflucypram、(2.039)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.040)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(二氯亚甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.041)N-[1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-1-甲氧基丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.042)N-[2-氯-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.043)N-[3-氯-2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.044)N-[5-氯-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.045)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-N-[5-甲基-2-(三氟甲基)苄基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.046)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-氟-6-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.047)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基-5-甲基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.048)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-硫代甲酰胺、(2.049)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(2-异丙苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.050)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-N-(5-氟-2-异丙基苄基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.051)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-4,5-二甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.052)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-氟苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.053)N-环丙基-3-(二氟甲基)-N-(2-乙基-5-甲基苄基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.054)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-氟苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.055)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基-5-甲基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.056)N-环丙基-N-(2-环丙基苄基)-3-(二氟甲基)-5-氟-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、(2.057)pyrapropoyne、(2.058)N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)-烟酰胺、(2.059)N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丁基]-2-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺。
呼吸链复合物III处的抑制剂,其选自:(3.001)辛唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、(3.002)吲唑磺菌胺(amisulbrom)、(3.003)嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、(3.004)甲香菌酯(coumethoxystrobin)、(3.005)coumoxystrobin、(3.006)氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、(3.007)醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、(3.008)烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、(3.009)噁唑菌酮(famoxadone)、(3.010)咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、(3.011)氟菌螨酯(flufenoxystrobin),(3.012)氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、(3.013)醚菌酯(kresoxim-methyl)、(3.014)苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、(3.015)肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(3.016)啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、(3.017)唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)(3.018)唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、(3.019)唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、(3.020)肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、(3.021)(2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-氟-2-苯基乙烯基]氧基}苯基)亚乙基]氨基}氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.022)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯苯基)-iH-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-酰胺、(3.023)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.024)(2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基]苯基}-2-甲氧基-N-甲基乙酰胺、(3.025)fenpicoxamid、(3.026)mandestrobin、(3.027)N-(3-乙基-3,5,5-三甲基环乙基)-3-甲酰胺-2-羟基苯甲酰胺、(3.028)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氧基}-2-(甲氧基亚氨基)-N,3-二甲基戊-3-酰胺、(3.029){5-[3-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-2-甲基苄基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(3.030)metyltetraprole、(3.031)florylpicoxamid;
有丝分裂和细胞分裂抑制剂,其选自:(4.001)多菌灵(carbendazim)、(4.002)乙霉威(diethofencarb)、(4.003)噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、(4.004)氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、(4.005)戊菌隆(pencycuron)、(4.006)噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、(4.007)甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)、(4.008)苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)、(4.009)pyridachlometyl、(4.010)3-氯-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-6-甲基哒嗪、(4.011)3-氯-5-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-4-(2,4,6-三氟苯基)哒嗪、(4.012)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.013)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.014)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.015)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.016)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.017)4-(2-溴-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.018)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2,6-二氟苯基)-1,3-二苯基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.019)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.020)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.021)4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基l-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.022)4-(4-氯苯基)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3,6-二甲基哒嗪、(4.023)N-(2-溴-6-氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.024)N-(2-溴苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.025)N-(4-氯-2,6-二氟苯基)-4-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-胺、(4.026)氟醚菌酰胺(fluopimomide);
能够具有多位点作用的化合物,其选自:(5.001)波尔多液(Bordeauxmixture)、(5.002)敌菌丹(captafo1)、(5.003)克菌丹(captan)、(5.004)百菌清(chlorothalonil)、(5.005)氢氧化铜(copper hydroxide)、(5.006)环烷酸铜(copper naphthenate)、(5.007)氧化铜(copper oxide)、(5.008)氧氯化铜(copper oxychloride)、(5.009)硫酸铜(copper(2+)sulphate)、(5.010)二噻农(dithianon)、(5.011)多果定(dodine)、(5.012)灭菌丹(folpet)、(5.013)代森锰锌(mancozeb)、(5.014)锌代森锰(maneb)、(5.015)代森联(metiram)、(5.016)metiram zinc、(5.017)喹啉铜(oxine-copper)、(5.018)丙森锌(propineb)、(5.019)包括多硫化钙的硫和硫制剂、(5.020)福美双(thiram)、(5.021)代森锌(zineb)、(5.022)福美锌(ziram)、(5.023)6-乙基-5,7-二氧-6,7-二氢-SH-吡咯并[3′,4′:5,6][1,4]二噻英并[2,3-c][1,2]噻唑-3-甲腈;
能够诱导宿主防御的化合物,其选自:(6.001)苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、(6.002)异噻菌胺(isotianil)、(6.003)噻菌灵(probenazole)、(6.004)噻酰菌胺(tiadinil);
氨基酸和/或蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,其选自:(7.001)嘧菌环胺(cyprodinil)、(7.002)春雷霉素(kasugamycin)(7.003)春雷霉素水合盐酸盐(kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate)、(7.004)氧四环素(oxytetracycline)、(7.005)嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、(7.006)3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉;
ATP产生抑制剂,其选自(8.001)硅噻菌胺(silthiofam);
细胞壁合成抑制剂,其选自:(9.001)苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、(9.002)烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、(9.003)氟吗啉(flumorph)、(9.004)异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、(9.005)双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamide)、(9.006)吡吗啉(pyrimorph)、(9.007)缬菌胺(valifenalate)、(9.008)(2E)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮、(9.009)(2Z)-3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1-(吗啉-4-基)丙-2-烯-1-酮;
脂质和膜合成抑制剂,其选自:(10.001)胺丙威(prothiocarb)、(10.002)霜霉威盐酸盐(propamocarb hydrochloride)、(10.003)甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl);
黑色素生物合成抑制剂选自该组,包括(11.001)三环唑(tricyclazole)、(11.002)tolprocarb;
核酸合成抑制剂,其选自:(12.001)苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、(12.002)精苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M(kiralaxyl))、(12.003)甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、(12.004)高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M(mefenoxam));
信号转导抑制剂,其选自:(13.001)fludioxonil、(13.002)异菌脲(iprodione)、(13.003)procymidone、(13.004)咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、(13.005)苯氧喹啉(quinoxyfen)、(13.006)乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin);
能够作为解偶联剂起作用的化合物,其选自:(14.001)氟啶胺(fluazinam)和(14.002)消螨多(meptyldinocap);
其他杀真菌剂,其选自:(15.001)脱落酸、(15.002)苯噻硫氰(benthiazole)、(15.003)bethoxazin,(15.004)卡巴西霉素(capsimycin)、(15.005)香芹酮(carvone)、(15.006)灭螨猛(chinomethionat)、(15.007)硫杂灵(cufraneb)、(15.008)环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、(15.009)霜脲氰(cymoxanil)、(15.010)环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、(15.011)氟噻亚菌胺(flutianil)、(15.012)三乙膦酸铝(fosetyl-aluminium)、(15.013)三乙膦酸钙(fosetyl-calcium)、(15.014)三乙膦酸钠(fosetyl-sodium)、(15.015)异硫氰酸甲酯((methyl isothiocyanate)、(15.016)苯菌酮(metrafenone)、(15.017)米多霉素(mildiomycin)、(15.018)多马霉素(natamycin)、(15.019)福美镍(nickeldimethyldithiocarbamate)、(15.020)酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、(15.021)oxamocarb、(15.022)oxathiapiprolin、(15.023)oxyfenthiin、(15.024)五氯苯酚及其盐(pentachlorophenol and salts)、(15.025)磷酸及其盐(phosphorous acid and itssalts)、(15.026)霜霉威乙膦酸盐(propamocarb-fosetylate)、(15.027)pyriofenone(chlazafenone)、(15.028)异丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、(15.029)叶枯酞(tecloftalam)、(15.030)tolnifanide、(15.031)1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-二氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.032)1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-二氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基]-1,3-噻唑-2-基}哌啶-1-基)-2-[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.033)2-(6-苄基吡啶-2-基)喹唑啉、(15.034)dipymetitrone、(15.035)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.036)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氯-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.037)2-[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-氟-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)苯基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-3-基}-1,3-噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-基]乙烯酮、(15.038)2-[6-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基吡啶-2-基]喹唑啉、(15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-氯苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}-3-c氯苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.041)ipflufenoquin、(15.042)2-{2-氟-6-[(8-氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧代]苯基}异丙醇、(15.043)fluoxapiprolin、(15.044)2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑-5-基}苯基甲磺酸盐、(15.045)2-苯基苯酚及其盐、(15.046)3-(4,4,5-三氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹啉、(15.047)quinofumelin、(15.048)4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2-醇(互变异构体:4-氨基-5-氟嘧啶-2(1H)-烷酮)、(15.049)4-氧代-4-[(2-苯乙基)氨基]丁酸、(15.050)5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫醇、(15.051)5-氯-N′-苯基-N′-(丙-2-炔-1-基氧代)噻吩-2-磺酰肼、(15.052)5-氟-2-[(4-氟苄基)氧代]-嘧啶-4-胺、(15.053)5-氟-2-[(4-甲苄基)氧代]嘧啶-4-胺、(15.054)9-氟-2,2-二甲基-5-(喹啉-3-基)-2,3-二氢-1,4-苯二氮、(15.055)丁-3-炔-1-基{6-[({[(Z)-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧代)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸酯、(15.056)(2Z)-3-氨基-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯、(15.057)吩嗪-1-羧酸、(15.058)3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸丙酯、(15.059)喹啉-8-醇、(15.060)喹啉-8-醇硫酸盐(2:1)、(15.061){6-[({[(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)(苯基)亚甲基]氨基}氧代)甲基]吡啶-2-基}氨基甲酸叔丁酯、(15.062)5-氟-4-亚氨基-3-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-烷酮、(15.063)aminopyrifen、(15.064)(N′-[2-氯-4-(2-氟苯氧基)-5-甲基苯基]-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.065)(N′-(2-氯-5-甲基-4苯氧基苯基)-N-乙基-N-甲基亚氨基甲酰胺)、(15.066)(2-{2-[(7,8-二氟-2-甲基喹啉-3-基)氧代]-6-氟苯基}异丙醇)、(15.067)(5-溴-1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.068)(3-(4,4-二氟-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢噻吩[2,3-c]吡啶-7-基)喹啉)、(15.069)(1-(4,5-二甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)、(15.070)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.071)8-氟-3-(5-氟-3,3,4,4-四甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)喹诺酮、(15.072)3-(4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)-8-氟喹啉、(15.073)(N-甲基-N-苯基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺)、(15.074){4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基l]苯基}氨基甲酸甲酯、(15.075)(N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}环丙酰胺)、(15.076)N-甲基-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.077)N-[(E)-甲氧亚氨基-甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.078)N-[(Z)-甲氧亚氨基甲基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.079)N-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]环丙酰胺、(15.080)N-(2-氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.081)2,2-二氟-N-甲基-2-[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]乙酰胺、(15.082)N-丙烯基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]乙酰胺、(15.083)N-[(E)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.084)N-[(Z)-N-甲氧基-C-甲基-碳酰亚胺基]-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.085)N-丙烯基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.086)4,4-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(二氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯-2-酮、(15.087)N-甲基-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]硫代苯甲酰胺、(15.088)5-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]吡咯-2-酮、(15.089)N-((2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺、(15.090)1-甲氧基-1-甲基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.091)1,1-二乙基-3-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.092)N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.093)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙酰胺、(15.094)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.095)N-甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]环丙酰胺、(15.096)N,2-二甲氧基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基}-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.097)N-乙基-2-甲基-N-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基)苯基]甲基]丙酰胺、(15.098)1-甲氧基-3-甲基-1-1[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.099)1,3-二甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.100)3-乙基-1-甲氧基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]尿素、(15.101)1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.102)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]-甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.103)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-o噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.104)3,3-二甲基-1-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]哌啶-2-酮、(15.105)1-[[3-氟-4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑3-基]-苯基]甲基]环己亚胺-2-酮、(15.106)4,4-二甲基-2-[[4-(5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.107)5,5-二甲基-2-[[4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基]甲基]异噁唑-3-酮、(15.108)1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯、(15.109)N,N-二甲基-1-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺、(15.110)N-{2,3-二氟-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苄基}丁酰胺、(15.111)N-(1-甲基环丙基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.112)N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯甲酰胺、(15.113)1-(5,6-二甲基吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.114)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.115)1-(5-(氟甲基)-6-甲基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.116)1-(6-(二氟甲基)-5-甲氧基-吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.117)4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基二甲基氨基甲酸酯、(15.118)N-{4-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基]苯基}丙酰胺、(15.119)3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧庚英-6-基甲磺酸盐、(15.120)9-氟-3-[2-(1-{[5-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧庚英-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.121)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-1,5-二氢-2,4-苯并二氧庚英-6-基甲磺酸盐、(15.122)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-二(二氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]乙酰}哌啶-4-基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]-9-氟-1,5-二氟-2,4-苯并二氧庚英-6-基甲磺酸酯、(15.123)1-(6,7-二甲基吡唑[1,5-a]吡啶-3-基)-4,4-二氟-3,3-二甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、(15.124)8-氟-N-(4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基)喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.125)8-氟-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-三氟-2-甲基-1-苯基丁-2-基]喹啉-3-甲酰胺、(15.126)N-(2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺以及(15.127)N-[(2S)-2,4-二甲基-1-苯基戊-2-基)-8-氟喹啉-3-甲酰胺。
化学杀虫剂混合伴侣(b)
本文中以其“通用名称”提及的活性化合物是已知的,例如在《“The PesticideManual”16th Ed,British Crop Protection Council 2012》或互联网(如http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides)上可以检索到。该分类以提交该专利申请时适用的IRAC作用方式分类方案为基础。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746或该菌株的促进植物生长的突变体和选自以下的至少一种化合物(b)。
(1)乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase)(AChE)抑制剂,优选氨基甲酸盐,其选自:棉铃威(alanycarb)、涕灭威(aldicarb)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮砜威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、克百威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、乙硫苯威(ethiofencarb)、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、甲硫威(methiocarb)、灭多威(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、杀线威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC和灭杀威(xylylcarb);或有机磷酸酯类选取于乙酰甲胺磷(acephate)、甲基吡恶磷(azamethiphos)、益棉磷(azinphos-ethyl)、保棉磷(azinphos-methyl)、硫线磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulphoton)、苯硫磷(EPN)、乙硫磷(ethion)、灭线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟硫磷(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、噻唑酮磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、imicyafos、异柳磷(isofenphos)、O-(甲氧基氨基硫代磷酰基)水杨酸异丙酯(isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate)、恶唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、亚砜磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀硫磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、嘧啶磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、胺丙畏(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹噁磷(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁硫磷(terbufos)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(triclorfon)和蚜灭磷(vamidothion)。
(2)GABA门控氯化物通道阻断剂,优选的环戊二烯-有机氯类,其选自氯丹(chlordane)和硫丹(endosulfan);或苯基吡唑类(phenylpyrazoles(fiproles)),其选自乙虫腈(ethiprole)和氟虫腈(fipronil)。
(3)钠通道调节剂,优选拟除虫菊酯类,其选自氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯菊酯(allethrin)、d-顺-反丙烯菊酯(d-cis-trans allethrin)、d-反丙烯菊酯(d-transallethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、生物烯丙菊酯-S-环戊烯基异构体(bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β-氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、λ-氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、γ-氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、α-氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、β-氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、ζ-氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(1R-反式异构体)(cyphenothrin[(1R)-trans-isomers])、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、右旋烯炔菊酯((EZ)-1R异构体)(empenthrin[(EZ)-(1R)-isomers])、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、氰杀菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、τ-氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、溴氟醚菊酯(halfenprox)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、噻嗯菊酯(kadethrin)、momfluorothrin,氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(1R-反式异构体)(phenothrin(1R-trans isomer)、右旋炔丙菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊素(pyrethrins)(除虫菊(pyrethrum))、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、氟硅菊酯(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、胺菊酯[(1R)-异构体]、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)和四氟苯菊酯(transfluthrin),或DDT或甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor)。
(4)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)竞争性调节剂,优选新烟碱类(neonicotinoids),其选自啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam);或烟碱(nicotine);或磺酰胺类(sulfoximines),其选自氟啶虫胺腈(sulfoxaflor);或丁烯羟酸内酯(butenolids),其选自氟吡呋喃酮(flupyradifurone);或中离子(mesoionics),其选自三氟苯嘧啶(triflumezopyrim)。
(5)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)变构调节剂(位点I),优选多杀霉素类(spinosyns),其选自乙基多杀菌素(spinetoram)和多杀菌素(spinosad)。
(6)谷氨酸盐门控氯化物通道(GluCl)变构调节剂,优选阿维菌素类(avermectins)/米尔贝霉素类(milbemycins),其选自阿维菌素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)和米尔倍霉素(milbemycin)。
(7)保幼激素类似物类,优选保幼激素类似物,选自烯虫乙酯(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)和烯虫酯(methoprene)、或苯氧威(fenoxycarb)或吡丙醚(pyriproxifen)。
(8)各类非特异性(多位点)抑制剂,优选卤代烃,其选自甲基溴化物和其他卤代烃,或氯化苦(chloropicrine)或磺酰基氟化物(sulphuryl fluoride)或硼砂(borax)或吐酒石(tartar emetic)或异氰酸甲酯激发剂,其选自棉隆(diazomet)和威百亩(metam)。
(9)弦音器TRPV通道调节剂,优选吡啶甲亚氨(pyridineazomethanes),其选自吡蚜酮(pymetrozine)和氟虫吡喹(pyrifluquinazone),或pyropenes,其选自双丙环虫酯(afidopyropen)。
(10)影响CHS1的螨生长抑制剂,其选自四螨嗪(clofentezine)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、氟螨嗪(diflovidazin)和乙螨唑(etoxazole)。
(11)昆虫肠膜的微生物干扰剂,其选自苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillusthuringiensis subspecies israelensis)、球星芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai)、苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki)、苏云金芽孢杆菌粉虫亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis),以及B.T植物蛋白,其选自Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Fa、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab、Vip3A、mCry3A、Cry3Ab、Cry3Bb和Cry34Abl/35Abl。
(12)线粒体ATP合酶抑制剂,优选ATP干扰剂类,其选自丁醚脲(diafenthiuron);或有机锡化合物,其选自三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、苯丁锡(fenbutatin-oxide);或炔螨特(propargite)或三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)。
(13)通过破坏质子梯度起作用的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂,其选自虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)和氟虫胺(sulfluramid)。
(14)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体通道阻断剂,其选自杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹盐酸盐(cartap hydrochloride)、杀虫环(thiocylam)和杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)。
(15)影响CHS1的几丁质生物合成抑制剂,优选苯甲酰脲(benzoylureas),其选自双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、氟啶脲(chlofluazuron)、除虫脲(diflubenzuron)、氟环脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、虱螨脲(1ufenuron)、氟酰脲(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、氟苯脲(teflubenzuron)和杀铃脲(triflumuron)。
(16)1型几丁质生物合成抑制剂,选自噻嗪酮(buprofezin)。
(17)蜕皮干扰剂类(特别是双翅目,例如双翅目昆虫),选自灭蝇胺(cyromazine)。
(18)蜕皮激素受体激动剂,优选二酰基肼类(diacylhydrazines),其选自环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、氯虫酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧虫酰肼(methoxyfenozide)和虫酰肼(tebufenozide)。
(19)章鱼胺受体激动剂,选自双甲脒(amitraz)。
(20)线粒体复合体III电子转移抑制剂,选自灭蚁腙(hydramethylnone)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)和联苯肼酯(bifenazate)。
(21)线粒体复合体I电子转移抑制剂,优选METI杀螨剂和杀虫剂,其选自喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨灵(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、或鱼藤酮(rotenone(Derris))。
(22)电位依赖性钠通道阻断剂,优选噁二嗪类,其选自茚虫威(indoxacarb);或缩氨基脲(semicarbazones),其选自氰氟虫胺(metaflumizone)。
(23)乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,优选特窗酸和特胺酸(tetronic and tetramicacid)衍生物,其选自螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、甲氧哌啶乙酯(spiropidion)和螺虫乙酯(spirotetramate)。
(24)线粒体复合体IV电子转移抑制剂,优选磷化物(phosphides),其选自磷化铝、磷化钙、磷化氢和磷化锌;或氰化物,其选自氰化钙、氰化钾和氰化钠。
(25)线粒体复合体II电子转移抑制剂,优选β-开托利(beta-ketonitrile)衍生物,其选自唑螨氰(cyenopyrafen)和丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen);或羧酰替苯胺类(carboxanilides),其选自pyflubumide。
(28)兰诺定(ryanodine)受体调节剂,优选二酰胺,其选自氯虫酰胺(chlorantraniliprole)、溴氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)、环溴虫酰胺(cyclaniliprole)、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)和氟氰虫酰胺(tetraniliprole)。
(29)弦音器调节剂(具有不确定靶点),其选自氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)。
(30)GABA门控氯化物通道变构调节剂,优选间二酰胺类,其选自溴虫氟苯双酰胺(broflanilide);或异噁唑类(isoxazoles),其选自氟噁唑酰胺(fluxametamide)。
(31)杆状病毒,优选颗粒体病毒属(Granuloviruses)(GVs),选自苹果蠹蛾(Cydiapomnonella)GV和苹果异胫小卷蛾(Thaumatotibia leucotreta)(GV),或核型多角体病毒属(Nucleopolyhedroviruses)(NPVs),其选自大豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)MNPV和番茄夜蛾(Helicoverpa armigera)NPV。
(32)烟碱乙酰胆碱受体变构调节剂(位点II),选自GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hv1a肽。
(33)其他活性化合物,选自Acynonapyr、阿福拉纳(Afoxolaner)、印楝素(Azadirachtin)、Benclothiaz、苯螨特(Benzoximate)、Benzpyrimoxan、溴螨酯(Bromopropylate)、灭螨猛(Chinomethionat)、右旋反式氯丙炔菊酯(Chloroprallethrin)、冰晶石(Cryolite)、Cyclobutrifluram或Cyclobutrifen(CAS1460292-16-3)、环氧虫啶(Cycloxaprid)、乙唑螨腈(Cyetpyrafen)、氯氟氰虫酰胺(Cyhalodiamide)、二氯噻吡嘧啶(Dicloromezotiaz)、三氯杀螨醇(Dicofo1)、嗪虫唑酰胺(Dimpropyridaz)、ε-甲氧苄氟菊酯(epsilon-Metofluthrin)、epsilon-Momfluthrin、Flometoquin、三氟咪啶酰胺(Fluazaindolizine)、联氟砜(Fluensulfone)、嘧虫胺(Flufenerim)、氟菌螨酯(Flufenoxystrobin)、丁虫腈(Flufiprole)、Fluhexafon、氟吡菌酰胺(Fluopyram)、Flupyrimin、氟雷拉纳(Fluralaner)、呋喃虫酰肼(Fufenozide)、Fupentiofenox(CAS 1472050-04-6)、戊吡虫胍(Guadipyr)、七氟甲醚菊酯(Heptafluthrin)、氯噻啉(Imidaclothiz)、异菌脲(Iprodione)、异噁唑虫酰胺(Isocycloseram)、kappa-联苯菊酯(kappa-Bifenthrin)、kappa-七氟菊酯(kappa-Tefluthrin)、洛替拉纳(Lotilaner)、美氟菊酯(Meperfluthrin)、Oxazosulfyl、哌虫啶(Paichongding)、三氟甲吡醚(Pyridalyl)、氟虫吡喹(Pyrifluquinazon)、嘧螨胺(Pyriminostrobin)、螺螨双酯(Spirobudiclofen)、四氟醚菊酯(Tetramethylfluthrin)、四氯虫酰胺(Tetrachlorantraniliprole)、Tigolaner、Tioxazafen、硫氟肟醚(Thiofluoximate)、碘甲烷(Iodomethane)、三氟拉嗪(Triflupentoxide)(CAS 1472050-04-6);其他坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)制剂(I-1582,),以及下列化合物:1-{2-氟-4-甲基-5-[(2,2,2-三氟乙烷)亚硫酰基]苯基}-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-胺(由WO 2006/043635知)(CAS 885026-50-6)、{1′-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔-1-基]-5-氟螺环[吲哚-3,4′-哌啶]-1(2H)-基}(2-氯吡啶-4-基)甲酮(由WO2003/106457知)(CAS 637360-23-7)、2-氯-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-氯苯基)丙-2-炔-1-基]哌啶-4-基}-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]异烟酰胺(由WO2006/003494知)(CAS 872999-66-1)、3-(4-氯2,6-二甲基苯基)-4-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,8-二氮杂螺环[4.5]葵-3-烯-2-酮(由WO2010/052161知)(CAS 1225292-17-0)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-2-氧-1,8-二氮杂螺环[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl乙烷基碳酸盐(由EP 2647626知)(CAS 1440516-42-6)、4-(丁-2-炔-1-氧基)-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-5-氟嘧啶(由WO 2004/099160知)(CAS792914-58-0),PF1364(由JP 2010/018586知)(CAS 1204776-60-2)、(3E)-3-[1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)甲基]-2-吡啶亚基]-1,1,1-三氟-丙-2-酮(由WO 2013/144213知)(CAS 1461743-15-6)、N-[3-(苄氧基羰基)-4-氯苯基]-1-甲基3-(五氟乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO 2010/051926知)(CAS 1226889-14-0)、5-溴-4-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲基氨基甲酰基)苯基]-2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)吡唑-3-甲酰胺(由CN 103232431知)(CAS1449220-44-3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺式-1-氧负离子基-3-硫杂环丁基)-苯甲酰胺、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(反式-1-氧负离子基-3-硫杂环丁基)-苯甲酰胺和4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-2-甲基-N-(顺式-1-氧负离子基-3-硫杂环丁基)-苯甲酰胺(由WO 2013/050317 A1知)(CAS 1332628-83-7)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚硫酰基]-丙酰胺、(+)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]-丙酰胺和(-)-N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)亚磺酰基]-丙酰胺(由WO 2013/162715 A2,WO 2013/162716 A2,美国专利申请号2014/0213448A1知)(CAS 1477923-37-7)、5-[[(2E)-3-氯-2-丙烯-1-基]氨基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(三氟甲基)亚磺酰基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(由CN 101337937 A知)(CAS1105672-77-2)、3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲胺基)甲酸基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺、(Liudaibenjiaxuanan,由CN 103109816 A知)(CAS 1232543-85-9);N-[4-氯-2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]-6-甲基苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(氟甲氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO 2012/034403 A1知)(CAS 1268277-22-0)、N-[2-(5-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由WO 2011/085575 A1知)(CAS 1233882-22-8)、4-[3-[2,6-二氯-4-[(3,3-二氯-2-丙烯-1-基)氧基]苯氧基]丙氧基]-2-甲氧基-6-(三氟甲基)-嘧啶(由CN 101337940 A知)(CAS1108184-52-6);(2E)-和2(Z)-2-[2-(4-苯腈)-1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]亚乙基]-N-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]-肼甲酰胺(由CN 101715774 A知)(CAS 1232543-85-9);3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基-4-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基-环丙甲酸酯(由CN 103524422 A知)(CAS1542271-46-4);(4aS)-7-氯-2,5-二氢-2-[[(甲酯基)[4-[(三氟甲基)硫基]苯基]氨基]羰基]-茚并[1,2-e][1,3,4]噁二嗪-4a(3H)-羧酸甲酯(由CN 102391261A知)(CAS 1370358-69-2);6-脱氧-3-O-乙基-2,4-二-O-甲基-,1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-五氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]苯基]氨基甲酸酯]-α-L-吡喃甘露糖(由美国专利申请公开号2014/0275503 A1知)(CAS 1181213-14-8);8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-硫唑嘌呤-双环醇并[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 1253850-56-4)、(8-反式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-硫唑嘌呤-双环醇并[3.2.1]辛烷(CAS 933798-27-7)、(8-顺式)-8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-三氟甲基-苯氧基)-3-(6-三氟甲基-哒嗪-3-基)-3-硫唑嘌呤-双环醇并[3.2.1]辛烷(由WO 2007/040280 A1,WO 2007/040282 A1知)(CAS 934001-66-8)、N-[3-氯-1-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-N-乙基-3-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硫基]-丙酰胺(由WO 2015/058021 A1,WO 2015/058028 A1知)(CAS 1477919-27-9)和N-[4-(甲氧基氨基)-2-甲基-6-[(甲胺基)羰基]苯基]-3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(由CN 103265527 A知)(CAS 1452877-50-7)、5-(1,3-二噁烷-2-基)-4-[[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲氧基]-嘧啶(由WO 2013/115391A1知)(CAS 1449021-97-9)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-1,8-二氮杂螺环[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮(由WO 2014/187846 A1知)(CAS 1638765-58-8)、3-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯基)-8-甲氧基-1-甲基-2-氧基-1,8-二氮杂螺环[4.5]癸-3-烯-4-基-碳酸乙酯(由O2010/066780 A1,WO2011151146 A1知)(CAS 1229023-00-0)、4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-二氯-4-氟苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-(三氟甲基)-3-异噁唑基]-N-[(4R)-2-乙基-3-氧基-4-异噁唑烷基]-2-甲基-苯甲酰胺(由WO 2011/067272,WO 2013/050302知)(CAS 1309959-62-3)。
生物活性化合物作为混合伴侣(b)
在本发明的另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746或该菌株的促进植物生长的突变体,以及选自生物活性化合物的至少一种化合物(b),例如生物杀真菌剂或杀虫剂或促进植物生长的化合物。生物活性化合物特别包括细菌、真菌、酵母、植物提取物和微生物形成的产品,包括蛋白质和次级代谢产物。
此处所使用的术语“生物防治”的定义是通过使用或利用活性化合物来防治有害生物,如植物病原真菌和/或昆虫和/或螨和/或线虫。
此处所使用的术语“生物活性化合物”的定义是指用于生物防治或促进植物生长目的的有害生物体以外的生物体和/或这种生物体产生的蛋白质或次生代谢物。第二生物体的突变体应包括在生物防治活性化合物的定义内。术语“突变体”是指亲本菌株的变种以及获得其杀虫活性大于亲本菌株所表达的杀虫活性的突变体或变体的方法。此处“亲本菌株”定义为诱变前的原始菌株。为获得这样的突变体,亲本菌株可以用化学物质处理,如N-甲基-N′-硝基-亚硝基胍,乙基甲烷砜,或用γ射线、x射线,或紫外线照射,或其他本领域技术人员所熟知的方法。已知生物活性化合物的防治机制包括肠道细菌,其通过在根表明与真菌竞争空间来防治根腐病。细菌毒素,如抗生素,已被用于防治病原体。这种毒素可以被分离出来,直接施用于植物上,也可以施用细菌种,使其在原位产生毒素。
“变体”是一种具有本文所述NRRL或ATCC登录号的所有识别特征的菌株,可以被识别为具有这样的基因组,该基因组在高严格条件下与NRRL或ATCC登录号的基因组杂交。
“杂交”指一个或多个多核苷酸反应形成一个复合体的反应,该复合体通过核苷酸残基的碱基之间的氢键稳定。氢键可以通过沃森-克里克碱基配对、胡斯坦结合或任意其他特定排列方式形成。该复合物可以包括形成双链结构的两条链、形成多链复合物的三条或更多条链、单个自杂交链或此类的任意组合。杂交反应可以在不同的“严格”条件下进行。一般情况下,在40℃左右10X SSC或同等的离子强度/温度的溶液中进行低严格度杂交反应。一般在50℃左右6X SSC条件下发生中严格度杂交,一般在60℃左右1X SSC条件下发生高严格度杂交反应。
指定NRRL或ATCC登录号的变体也可以定义为这样的菌株,其基因组序列与指定NRRL或ATCC登录号基因组的序列同一性大于85%、大于90%或大于95%。一个多核苷酸或多核苷酸区(或多肽或多肽区)与另一个序列具有一定百分比(例如,80%、85%、90%或95%)的“序列同一性”,这意味着,当比对时,该百分比的碱基(或氨基酸)在比较两个序列时是相同的。这种排列和同源性百分比或序列同一性可以使用本领域中已知的软件程序来确定,例如,在当前的分子生物学协议(F.M.Ausubel et a1.,eds.,1987)中所记述的。
NRRL是农业研究菌种保藏中心的缩写,一个用于储存微生物菌株的国际储存机构,根据布达佩斯条约,国际承认用于专利程序目的的微生物储存,地址为美国伊利诺斯州61604皮奥瑞亚大学北街1815号美国农业部农业研究服务处国家农业利用研究中心。
ATCC是美国模式培养物集存库的缩写,一个用于储存微生物菌株的国际储存机构,根据布达佩斯条约,国际承认用于专利程序目的的微生物储存,地址为美国弗吉尼亚州10110马纳萨斯10801大学大道ATCC专利储藏所。
生物活性化合物可以是杀细菌活性化合物。此类杀细菌生物活性化合物包括:
(A1)细菌,例如(A1.1)枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),特别是菌株QST713/AQ713(可用产自美国Bayer CropScience LP的OPTI或ASO,具有登录号NRRL B-21661,美国专利号6,060,051);(A1.2)芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillussp.),特别是菌株D747(获自Kumiai Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.的DOUBLE),具有登录号FERM BP-8234,美国专利号7,094,592;(A1.3)短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus),特别是菌株BU F-33,具有NRRL登录号50185(作为产品的一部分获自BASF,EPA登记编号71840-19);(A1.4)枯草芽孢杆菌解淀粉变种(Bacillus subtilisvar.amyloliquefaciens)菌株FZB24,登录号DSM 10271(获自Novozymes的或ECO(EPA登记编号70127-5);(A1.5)类芽孢杆菌属种(Paenibacillussp.)菌株,登录号NRRL B-50972,或登录号NRRL B-67129,WO 2016/154297;(A1.6)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BU1814,(可获自BASF SE的EXTRA);(A1.7)漠海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)菌株R3B(登录号NCAIM(P)B001389)(WO 2013/034938)产自CertisUSA LLC,Mitsui&Co.的子公司;(A1.8)枯草芽孢杆菌CX-9060产自Certis USA LLC,Mitsui&Co.的子公司;(A1.9)多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa),特别是菌株AC-1(例如,产自Green Biotech Company Ltd.的);(A1.10)Pseudomonasproradix(例如,产自Sourcon Padena的);(A1.11)成团泛菌(Pantoeaagglomerans),特别是菌株E325(登录号NRRL B-21856)(可获自Northwest Agri Products的BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE);以及
(A2)真菌,例如(A2.1)出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)菌株DSM14940,菌株DSM14941或菌株DSM14940和DSM14941的混合物(例如,产自Bio-Ferm,CH的和);(A2.2)南极假丝酵母(Pseudozymaaphidis)(由耶路撒冷希伯来大学的Yissum研究开发公司公开于WO 2011/151819);(A2.3)酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),特别是产自Lesaffre et Compagnie,FR的菌株CNCM编号I-3936、CNCM编号I-3937、CNCM编号I-3938或CNCM编号I-3939(WO 2010/086790)。
生物活性化合物可以是杀真菌生物活性化合物或抗卵菌生物活性化合物。此类生物活性化合物包括
(B1)细菌,例如(B1.1)枯草芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株QST713/AQ713(可获自美国Bayer CropScience LP的OPTI或ASO,登录号NRRL B-21661,记载于美国专利号6,060,051);(B1.2)短小芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株QST2808(可获自美国Bayer CropScience LP的登录号NRRL B-30087,记载于美国专利号6,245,551);(B1.3)短小芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株GB34(可获自Bayer AG,DE的YIELD);(B1.4)短小芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株BU F-33,(登录号NRRL 50185(可作为产品的一部分获自BASF,EPA登记编号No.71840-19));(B1.5)解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),特别是菌株D747(可获自Kumiai ChemicalIndustry Co.,Ltd.Certis,U.S.的DOUBLE NICKELTM,登录号FERM BP-8234,公开于美国专利号7,094,592);(B1.6)枯草芽孢杆菌Y1336(可获自中国台湾Bion-Tech的WP,在中国台湾作为生物杀真菌剂登记编号为4764,5454,5096和5277);(B1.7)解淀粉芽孢杆菌枯草变种(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var.subtilis)菌株MBI 600(可获自BASFSE的),登录号NRRL B-50595,美国专利号5,061,495;(B1.8)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株GB03(可或自Bayer AG,DE的);(B1.9)枯草芽孢杆菌解淀粉变种菌株FZB24,登录号DSM 10271(可获自Novozymes的或ECO(EPA登记编号70127-5))(可获自Novozymes Biologicals Inc.,Salem,Virginia或Syngenta CropProtection,LLC,Greensboro,North Carolina的杀真菌剂或ECO(EPA登记编号70127-5);(B1.10)蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides),分离株J,登录号B-30890(可获自Certis USA LLC,Mitsui&Co.的子公司的WG和LIFEGARDTM)(可获自Certis USA的BMJ或WG);(B1.11)地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslichenilormis),特别是菌株SB3086,登录号ATCC 55406,WO 2003/000051(可获自Novozymes的生物杀真菌剂和GREEN RELEAFTM)(可获自Novozymes的ECOGUARDTM生物杀真菌剂和GREEN RELEAFTM);(B1.12)类芽胞杆菌属种(Paenibacillussp.)菌株,登录号NRRL B-50972,或登录号NRRL B-67129,记载于国际专利公布号WO 2016/154297;(B1.13)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BU1814,(可获自BASF SE的PLUS,FLEX和EXTRA);(B1.14)枯草芽孢杆菌CX-9060,来自Certis USA LLC,Mitsui&Co.的子公司;(B1.15)解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株F727(也称为菌株MBI110)(NRRL登录号B-50768;WO 2014/028521)(来自Marrone BioInnovations);(B1.16)解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株FZB42,登录号DSM 23117(可获自ABiTEP,DE的);(B1.17)地衣芽孢杆菌FMCH001和枯草芽孢杆菌FMCH002(来自FMC公司的(WG)和(WP));(B1.18)漠海威芽孢杆菌菌株R3B(登录号NCAIM(P)B001389)(WO 2013/034938)来自Certis USA LLC,Mitsui&Co.的子公司;(B1.19)植物多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp.Plantarum)(WO 2016/020371)来自BASF SE;(B1.20)附生类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus epiphyticus)(WO 2016/020371)来自BASF SE;(B.1.21)绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)菌株AFS009,登录号NRRL B-50897,WO 2017/019448(例如,来自AgBiome Innovations,U.S.的HOWLERTM和);(B1.22)绿针假单胞菌,特别是菌株MA342(例如,来自Bioagri和Koppert的和);(B1.23)利迪链霉菌(Streptomyceslydicus)菌株WYEC108(也称为利迪链霉菌菌株WYCD108US)(来自Novozymes的和);(B1.24)放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacteriumradiobacter)菌株K84(例如,来自AgBioChem,CA的);(B1.25)放射形土壤杆菌菌株K1026(例如,来自BASF SE的NOGALLTM);(B1.26)枯草芽孢杆菌KTSB菌株(来自Donaghys的);(B1.27)枯草芽孢杆菌IAB/BS03(来自STK Bio-AgTechnologies的AVIVTM);(B1.28)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株Y1336(可获自中国台湾Bion-Tech的WP,作为登记编号为4764,5454,5096和5277的生物杀真菌剂登记于中国台湾);(B1.29)解淀粉芽孢杆菌分离株B246(例如,来自比勒陀利亚大学的AVOGREENTM);(B1.30)甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)菌株BAC-9912(来自中国科学院应用生态学研究所);(B1.31)Pseudomonas proradix(例如,来自Sourcon Padena的);(B1.32)灰绿链霉菌(Streptomyces griseoviridis)菌株K61(也称为鲜黄链霉菌(Streptomyces galbus)菌株K61)(登录号DSM 7206)(来自Verdera的来自BioWorks的cf. Crop Protection 2006,25,468-475);(B1.33)荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)菌株A506(例如,产自NuFarm的A506);以及
(B2)真菌,例如:(B2.1)小盾壳霉(Coniothyrium minitans)菌株CON/M/91-8(登录号DSM-9660;例如,来自Bayer CropScience Biologics GmbH的);(B2.2)黄色篮状菌(Talaromyces flavus)菌株V117b;(B2.3)深绿木霉(Trichodermaatroviride)菌株CNCM 1-1237(例如,来自Agrauxine,FR的WP);(B2.4)链状粘帚霉(Gliocladium catenulatum)(同义词:粉红粘帚霉(Clonostachys roseaf.catenulate))菌株J1446(例如,来自Lallemand的);(B2.5)绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)菌株B35(Pietr et al.,1993,Zesz.Nauk.A R w Szczecinie 161:125-137);(B2.6)核果梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia fructicola)菌株NRRL Y-30752;(B2.7)粉红粘帚霉(Gliocladium roseum)(也称为Clonostachys rosea f.rosea),特别是产来自Adjuvants Plus的菌株321U,菌株ACM941公开于Xue(Efficacy of Clonostachys roseastrain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root totcomplex of field pea,Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3):519-524),菌株IK726(Jensen,D.F.,et al.“Development of a Biocontrol Active Compound for Plant Disease Controlwith Special Emphasis on the Near Commercial Fungal Antagonist Clonostachysrosea Strain‘IK726’”;Australas Plant Pathol.2007;36:95-101);(B2.8)棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)菌株SKT-1,登录号FERM P-16510(例如,产自Kumiai ChemicalIndustry的);棘孢木霉T34(产自Biobest Group NV的和产自Biocontrol Technologies S.L.,ES的T34);(B2.9)棘孢木霉JM41R(登记编号NRRL B-50759)(产自BASF SE的TRICHO);(B2.10)棘孢木霉菌株ICC 012(Isagro);黑绿色木霉菌株SC1,登录号CBS 122089,WO 2009/116106以及美国专利号8,431,120,(来自Bi-PA)、菌株77B(T77来自Andermatt Biocontrol)、菌株LU132(例如,来自Agrimm Technologies Limited的)、登录号NMI V08/002387的菌株、登录号NMI V08/002388的菌株、登录号NMI V08/002389的菌株、登录号NMI V08/002390的菌株、登录号ATCC 20476(IMI 206040)的菌株、菌株SKT-1,具有登录号FERM P-16510,JP专利公布(Kokai)11-253151 A、菌株SKT-2,具有登录号FERM P-16511,JP专利公布(Kokai)11-253151 A、菌株SKT-3,具有登录号FERM P-17021,日本专利公布(Kokai)11-253151 A;(B2.11)哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株T-22(例如,来自Andermatt Biocontrol或Koppert的)、菌株DB 103(可获自Dagutat Biolab的7456);(B2.12)绿色木霉(也称为绿粘帚霉(Gliocladium virens)),特别是菌株GL-21(例如,来自Certis,US的);(B2.13)哈茨木霉菌株Cepa Simb-T5(来自Simbiose Agro);(B2.14)黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)菌株NRRL 21882(来自Syngenta/ChemChina的产品);(B2.15)角毛壳菌(Chaetomium cupreum)(登录号CABI 353812)(例如,来自AgriLife的BIOKUPRUMTM);(B2.16)小球壳孢(Microsphaeropsisochracea);(B2.17)酿酒酵母菌株LASO2(来自Agro-Levures et Dérivés)、菌株LAS117细胞壁(来自Lesaffre的来自BASF SE的)、菌株CNCM编号I-3936、CNCM编号I-3937、CNCM编号1-3938、CNCM编号I-3939(WO 2010/086790)来自Lesaffre et Compagnie,FR;(B2.18)绿色木霉菌株G-41,之前称为绿粘帚霉(登录号ATCC20906)(例如,来自BioWorks,US的PLUS WP和PLUS WP);(B2.19)粉红粘帚霉菌株321 U,登录号ATCC 10406,来自W.F.Stoneman CompanyLLC;(B2.20)钩状木霉(Trichoderma hamatum),登录号ATCC 28012;(B2.21)钩状木霉菌株TH35(例如,来自Mycontrol的);(B2.22)宿白粉菌(Ampelomycesquisqualis)菌株AQ10,登录号CNCM I-807(例如,来自IntrachemBio Italia的AQ);(B2.23)具有登录号DSM 14940的出芽短梗霉,具有登录号DSM 14941的菌株;(B2.24)枝状枝孢菌(Cladosporium cladosporioides)菌株H39,登录号CBS122244,美国专利申请公开号2010/0291039(来自Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek);(B2.25)长孢蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium longisporum)(旧称蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)和蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii))菌株KV01(例如,来自Koppert BV,Netherlands/Arysta的);(B2.26)蠕形青霉(Penicillium vermiculatum);(B2.27)异常毕赤酵母(Pichia anomala)菌株WRL-076,登录号NRRL Y-30842,美国专利号7,579,183;(B2.28)棘孢木霉菌株kd(例如,来自Andermatt Biocontrol的T-GRO);(B2.29)多孢木霉菌株IMI206039,登录号IMI 206039(例如,来自BINAB Bio-Innovation AB,Sweden的TFWP);(B2.30)子座木霉(Trichoderma stromaticum),登录号Ts3550(例如,来自CEPLAC,Brazil的);(B2.31)奥德曼细基格孢(Ulocladium oudemansii)菌株U3,登录号NM 99/06216(例如,来自Botry-Zen Ltd,New Zealand的和来自BioWorks,Inc.的);(B2.32)黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)(旧称大丽轮枝菌(V.dahlia)),登录号WCS850,保藏于真菌菌种收藏中心(例如,来自TreeCare Innovations的DUTCH);(B2.33)厚垣轮枝孢菌(Verticilliumchlamydosporium);(B2.34)棘孢木霉菌株ICC 012混合物(也称为哈茨木霉ICC012),登录号CABI CC IMI 392716;(B2.35)盖姆斯木霉(Trichoderma gamsii)(旧称T.viride)菌株ICC 080,登录号IMI 392151(例如,来自Isagro USA,Inc.的BIO-TAMTM和来自Agrobiosolde Mexico,S.A.de C.V.的);(B2.36)大伏革菌(Phlebiopsis gigantea)菌株VRA 1992(来自Danstar Ferment的C);(B2.37)歧皱青霉(Penicilliumsteckii)(DSM 27859;WO 2015/067800),来自BASF SE;(B2.38)球毛壳菌(Chaetomiumglobosum)(可获自Rivale的);(B2.39)浅黄隐球酵母(Cryptococcusflavescens)菌株3C(NRRL Y-50378);(B2.40)Dactylaria candida;(B2.41)Dilophosphora alopecuri(可用TWIST);(B2.42)尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum),菌株Fo47(可获自Natural Plant Protection的);(B2.43)蜡蚧菌(旧称为蜡蚧轮枝菌)菌株KV01(可获自Koppert/Arysta的);(B2.44)蠕形青霉;(B2.45)异常毕赤酵母,菌株WRL-076(NRRL Y-30842);(B2.46)絮绒假酶菌(Pseudozyma flocculosa),菌株PF-A22 UL(可获自Plant Products Co.,CA的L);(B2.47)盖姆斯木霉(旧称绿色木霉(T.viride)),菌株ICC080(IMI CC392151 CABI)(可获自AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO.S.A.DE C.V.的);多孢木霉,菌株IMI 206039(可获自BINAB Bio-Innovation AB,Sweden的BINABWP);子座木霉(可获自Ceplac,Brazil的);微变冢村氏菌(Tsukamurellapaurometabola),菌株C-924(可获自Gavac的);奥德曼细基格孢,特别是菌株HRU3(可或自Botry-Zen Ltd,NZ的);黑白轮枝菌(旧称大丽轮枝菌),菌株WCS850(CBS 276.92);顶孢木霉(Trichoderma fertile)(例如,来自BASF的产品);粉红产气霉(Muscodor roseus),特别是菌株A3-5(登录号NRRL30548);棘孢木霉菌株ICC 012和盖姆斯木霉菌株ICC 080混合物(例如,来自Isagro USA,Inc.的BIO-TAMTM和来自Agrobiosol de Mexico,S.A.de C.V.的);Simplicillium lanosoniveum。
生物活性化合物可为具有促进植物生长活性的化合物。此类具有促进植物生长活性的化合物包括
(E1)细菌,选自(E1.1)短小芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株QST2808(登录号NRRL No.B-30087)或菌株GB34(例如,来自Bayer CropScience,DE的YIELD);(E1.2)枯草芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株QST713/AQ713(NRRL登录号B-21661,美国专利号6,060,051;可获自Bayer CropScience LP,US的OPTI或ASO)、菌株AQ30002(登录号NRRL B-50421,美国专利申请号13/330,576)、菌株AQ30004(NRRL B-50455,美国专利申请号13/330,576)、菌株MBI 600(例如,来自BASF SE的);(E1.3)苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)菌株NRG-185-1(来自拜耳作物科学的GOLD);(E1.4)枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BU1814,(可获自BASF SE的);(E1.5)枯草芽孢杆菌rm303(来自Biofilm Crop Protection的);(E1.6)解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株pm414(来自Biofilm Crop Protection的)、菌株SB3281(ATCC编号PTA-7542;WO 2017/205258)、菌株TJ1000(可获自Novozymes的)、菌株IN937a菌株FZB42(例如,来自ABiTEP,DE的)、菌株BS27(登记编号NRRL B-5015);(E1.7)蕈状芽孢杆菌菌株BT155(NRRL编号B-50921)、菌株EE118(NRRL编号B-50918)、菌株EEl41(NRRL编号B-50916)、菌株BT46-3(NRRL编号B-50922)、(E1.8)蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)家族成员EE128(NRRL编号B-50917)或家族成员EE349(NRRL编号B-50928);(E1.9)苏云金芽胞杆菌BT013A(NRRLNo.B-50924)也称为苏云金芽胞杆菌4Q7;(E1.10)坚强芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株CNCM I-1582(例如,来自BASF SE的);(E1.11)地衣芽孢杆菌FMCH001和枯草芽孢杆菌FMCH002的混合物(可获自FMC Corporation的(WG),(WP));(E1.12)蜡样芽胞杆菌,特别是菌株BP01(ATCC 55675;例如,产自ArystaLifescience,US的);(E1.13)慢生型大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum)(例如,来自Novozymes的);(E1.14)鹰嘴豆中慢生根瘤菌(Mesorhizobium cicer)(例如,来自BASF SE的);(E1.15)三叶草根瘤菌生物变种(Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae)(例如,来自BASF SE的);(E1.16)食酸戴尔福特菌(Delftia acidovorans),特别是菌株RAY209(例如,来自Brett Young Seeds的);(E1.17)乳杆菌属种(Lactobacillus sp.)(例如,来自LactoPAFI的);(E1.18)多粘类芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株AC-1(例如,来自Green Biotech Company Ltd.的);(E1.19)Pseudomonas proradix(例如,来自Sourcon Padena的);(E1.20)巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)(例如,来自KALO,Inc.的);(E1.21)生脂固氮螺菌(Azospirillum lipoferum)(例如,来自TerraMax,Inc.的VERTEX-IFTM);(E1.22)棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)和巴氏芽孢梭菌(Clostridiumpasteurianum)的混合物(可获自Agrinos的);(E1.23)铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),特别是菌株PN1;(E1.24)三叶草根瘤菌,特别是bv.Viceae菌株Z25(登录号CECT 4585);(E1.25)茎瘤固氮根瘤菌(Azorhizobium caulinodans),特别是菌株ZB-SK-5;(E1.26)褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum),特别是菌株H23;(E1.27)棕色固氮菌,特别是菌株ATCC 12837;(E1.28)暹罗芽胞杆菌(Bacillus siamensis),特别是菌株KCTC 13613T;(E1.29)特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis),特别是菌株NII-0943;(E1.30)粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens),特别是菌株SRM(登录号MTCC 8708);(E1.31)硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus sp.)(例如,来自Cropaid Ltd UK的);(E1.22)巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),特别是菌株NRRL B-67357(参见WO2018/129016);嗜冷芽胞杆菌(Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus)菌株PTA-123720(参见WO2018/128986);以及
(E2)真菌,选自(E2.1)淡紫拟青霉(Purpureocillium lilacinum)(旧称为淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus))菌株251(AGAL 89/030550;例如,来自BayerCropScience Biologics GmbH的);(E2.2)青霉菌(Penicillium bilaii)菌株ATCC 22348(例如,来自Acceleron BioAg的),(E2.3)黄色篮状菌菌株V117b;(E2.4)深绿木霉菌株CNCM 1-1237(例如,来自Agrauxine,FR的WP);(E2.5)绿色木霉,例如,菌株B35(Pietr et a1.,1993,Zesz.Nauk.A R w Szczecinie 161:125-137);(E2.6)深绿木霉菌株LC52(也称为深绿木霉菌株LU132;例如,来自AgrimmTechnologies Limited的);(E2.7)深绿木霉菌株SC1,记载于国际申请号PCT/IT2008/000196);(E2.8)棘孢木霉菌株kd(例如,来自Andermatt Biocontrol的);(E2.9)棘孢木霉菌株Eco-T(Plant Health Products,ZA);(E2.10)哈茨木霉菌株T-22(例如,来自Andermatt Biocontrol或Koppert的);(E2.11)疣孢漆斑菌(Myrothecium verrucaria)菌株AARC-0255(例如,来自Valent Biosciences的DITERATM);(E2.12)青霉菌菌株ATCC 20851;(E2.13)寡雄腐霉(Pythium oligandrum)菌株M1(ATCC 38472;例如,来自Bioprepraty,CZ的);(E2.14)绿色木霉菌株GL-21(例如,来自Certis,USA的);(E2.15)黑白轮枝菌(旧称大丽轮枝菌)菌株WCS850(CBS 276.92;例如,来自Tree Care Innovations的);(E2.16)深绿木霉,特别是菌株编号V08/002387、菌株NMI编号V08/002388、菌株编号NMI编号V08/002389、菌株编号NMI编号V08/002390;(E2.17)哈茨木霉菌株ITEM 908、菌株TSTh20、菌株1295-22;(E2.18)寡雄腐霉菌株DV74;(E2.19)Rhizopogon amylopogon(例如,包括在来自Helena Chemical Company的中);(E2.20)Rhizopogonfulvigleba(例如,包括在来自Helena Chemical Company的中);(E2.21)康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii);(E2.22)聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum);(E2.23)明球囊霉(Glomus clarum);(E2.24)沙漠球囊霉(Glomus deserticola);(E2.25)幼套球囊菌(Glomus etunicatum);(E2.26)根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices);(E2.27)单孢球囊霉(Glomus monosporum);(E2.28)摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae);(E2.29)双色蜡蘑(Laccaria bicolor);(E2.30)浅黄根须腹菌(Rhizopogon luteolus);(E2.31)Rhizopogon tinctorus;(E2.32)Rhizopogon villosulus;(E2.33)光硬皮马勃(Scleroderma cepa);(E2.34)点柄粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus granulatus);(E2.35)Suilluspunctatapies;(E2.36)绿色木霉菌株GI-3;(E2.37)Pseudozyma aphidis(例如,来自耶路撒冷希伯来大学的Yissum研发公司)。
促进植物生长的生物活性化合物还包括(F)可以作为“接种剂”添加到植物或植物部分或植物器官,并凭借其特殊的特性,促进植物生长和植物健康的细菌和真菌。例如:农杆菌属种(Agrobacterium spp.)、茎瘤固氮根瘤菌、固氮螺丝菌属种(Azospirillumspp.)、固氮菌属种(Azotobacter spp.)、慢生根瘤菌属种(Bradyrhizobium spp.)、伯克霍尔德菌属种(Burkholderia spp.),特别是洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)(旧称为洋葱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas cepacia))、巨孢囊霉属种(Gigaspora spp.),或单孢巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora monosporum)、球囊霉属种(Glomus spp.)、蜡蘑属种(Laccariaspp.)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)、类球囊霉属种(Paraglomus spp.)、色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorus)、假单胞菌属种(Pseudomonas spp.)、根瘤菌属种(Rhizobiumspp.),特别是三叶草根瘤菌、须腹菌属种(Rhizopogon spp.)、硬皮马勃属种(Sclerodermaspp.)、牛肝菌属种(Suillus spp.),和链霉菌属种(Streptomyces spp.);以及
(G)可作为生物防治活性化合物的植物提取物和微生物产品,包括蛋白质和次级代谢物,例如蒜(Allium sativum)、中亚苦蒿(Artemisia absinthium)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、WP、黑肉桂(Cassia nigricans)、苦皮藤(Celastrusangulatus)、Chenopodium anthelminticum、几丁质、欧洲鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)、问荆(Equisetum arvense)、(昆诺阿藜(Chenopodiumquinoa)皂苷提取物)、除虫菊/除虫菊素(Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins)、苦木(Quassia amara)、栎属(Quercus)、皂树(Quillaja)、Regalia、“杀虫剂”、鱼藤酮、鱼尼汀/利阿诺定(ryania/ryanodine)、聚合草(Symphytum officinale)、菊蒿(Tanacetum vulgare)、百里香酚、70、旱金莲(Tropaeulum majus)、大荨麻(Urticadioica)、白果槲寄生(Viscum album)、十字花科(Brassicaceae)提取物,特别是加拿大油菜粉或芥末粉。
促进植物生长的生物活性化合物也可包括一种或多种脂壳寡糖(LCOs)、壳寡糖(COs)、和/或几丁质化合物。LCOs,有时被称为共生结瘤(Nod)信号(或Nod因子)或称为Myc因子,由在非还原性末端缩合N连接脂酰基链的β-1,4-连接N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺残基(“GlcNAc”)的寡糖主链组成。正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,LCOs在主链上的GlcNAc残基数量、脂肪酰基链的长度和饱和程度以及还原糖残基和非还原糖残基的替换存在差异。参见例如Denarie等人[Ann.Rev.Biochem.65:503(1996)];Diaz等人,[M0l.Plant-MicrobeInteractions 13:268(2000)];Hungria等人[Soil Biol.Biochem.29:819(1997)];Hamel等人[Planta 232:787(2010)];和Prome等人[Pure&Appl.Chem.70(1):55(1998)],其内容和公开以引用的方式纳入本文。
LCOs可以从任意合适的来源合成或获得。参见例如WO 2005/063784、WO 2007/117500和WO 2008/071674,上述内容及披露以引用的方式纳入本文。在某些方面,合成LCO可能具有天然LCO的基本结构,但包含一个或多个修饰或替代物,正如Spaink[Crit.Rev.Plant Sci.54:257(2000)]所述。LCOs和用于构建LCOs的前体(例如,COs本身可能是一种有效的生物活性成分)可以通过基因工程进行生物合成。参见例如Samain等人[Carbohydrate Res.302:35(1997)];Cottaz等人[Meth.Eng.7(4):311(2005)];和Samain等人,[J.Biotechnol.72:33(1999)](如图1,展示了在大肠杆菌中可以重组的COs结构,该大肠杆菌含有不同的nodBCHL基因组合),其内容和公开以引用的方式纳入本文。
LCOs(及其衍生物)可在组合物中以各种纯度加入或使用,并且可独立使用或以产生LCO的细菌或真菌的培养物形式使用。例如,(Monsanto Company(St.Louis,MO)市售)含有一种产生LCO的慢生型大豆根瘤菌培养物。生产基本纯净的LCOs的方法包括从LCOs和微生物的混合物中去除微生物细胞,或继续通过HPLC色层分析分离LCO溶剂相来分离和纯化LCO分子,如美国专利编号5549,718所述。可通过重复进行HPLC增加纯化度,并且纯化的LCO分子可通过冷冻干燥长期保存。
在一个实施方案中,生物防治活性化合物选自:
枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713/AQ713;具有登录号NRRL B-50972,或登录号NRRL B-67129的类芽胞杆菌属种、短小芽孢杆菌菌株BU F-33;枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BU1814;芽孢杆菌属种D747;枯草芽孢杆菌解淀粉变种菌株FZB24;漠海威芽孢杆菌菌株R3B;枯草芽孢杆菌CX-9060、短小芽孢杆菌菌株QST2808、小盾壳霉菌株CON/M/91-8;黄色篮状菌菌株V117b;深绿木霉菌株CNCM 1-1237;链状粘帚霉菌株J1446;绿色木霉菌株B35;核果梅奇酵母菌株NRRL Y-30752;粉红粘帚霉菌株321U、菌株ACM941、菌株IK726;棘孢木霉SKT-1;棘孢木霉T34;棘孢木霉菌株T34;Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R;苜蓿中华根瘤菌菌株NRG-185-1、淡紫拟青霉菌株251、Penicillium bilaii菌株ATCC 22348、深绿木霉菌株LC52;深绿木霉菌株SC1;棘孢木霉菌株kd;棘孢木霉菌株Eco-T;哈茨木霉菌株T-22;疣孢漆斑菌菌株AARC-0255;Penicillium bilaii菌株ATCC 20851。
在另一实施方案中,生物活性化合物选自:枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713/AQ713;具有登录号NRRL B-50972或登录号NRRL B-67129的类芽胞杆菌属种菌株、短小芽孢杆菌菌株QST2808、小盾壳霉菌株CON/M/91-8;深绿木霉菌株CNCM I-1237;链状粘帚霉菌株J1446;绿色木霉菌株B35、核果梅奇酵母菌株NRRL Y-30752;苜蓿中华根瘤菌菌株NRG-185-1、淡紫拟青霉菌株251、Penicillium bilaii菌株ATCC 22348。
生物活性化合物包括细菌,如产孢细菌、根殖细菌和作为生物杀真菌剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂或杀线虫剂或植物生长促进剂的细菌。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,本发明的活性化合物组合包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746或该菌株的促进植物生长的突变体,和(b)选自下列细菌的至少一种化合物,其可被用作生物活性化合物:
解淀粉芽孢杆菌,菌株FZB42(DSM 231179),或蜡样芽胞杆菌,特别是蜡样芽胞杆菌菌株CNCM 1-1562或坚强芽孢杆菌菌株1-1582(登录号CNCM I-1582)或短小芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株GB34(登录号ATCC 700814)和菌株QST2808(登录号NRRL B-30087),或枯草芽孢杆菌,特别是菌株GB03(登录号ATCC SD-1397),或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713(登录号NRRL B-21661)或枯草芽孢杆菌菌株OST30002(登录号NRRL B-50421)苏云金芽孢杆菌,特别是苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(血清型H-14),菌株AM65-52(登录号ATCC 1276),或苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种,特别是菌株ABTS-1857(SD-1372),或苏云金芽孢杆菌库尔斯塔克亚种菌株HD-1,或苏云金芽孢杆菌粉虫亚种菌株NB 176(SD-5428)、穿刺芽孢杆菌(Pasteuriapenetrans)、巴斯德氏菌属种(Pasteuria spp.)(肾形线虫(Rotylenchulusreniformis))-PR3(登录号ATCC SD-5834)、细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus)菌株AQ6121(NRRL B-50550)、鲜黄链霉菌菌株AQ6047(登录号NRRL 30232)。
1)用于或可用作生物活性化合物的真菌和酵母:
球孢白僵菌(eauveria bassiana),特别是菌株ATCC 74040、小盾壳霉,特别是菌株CON/M/91-8(登录号DSM-9660)、蜡蚧菌属,特别是菌株HRO LEC 12,蜡蚧菌(旧称为蜡蚧轮枝菌),特别是菌株KV01、黑僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae),特别是菌株F52(DSM3884/ATCC 90448)、核果梅奇酵母,特别是菌株NRRL Y-30752、玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomycesfumosoroseus)(现:玫烟色棒束孢(Isaria fumosorosea)),特别是菌株IFPC 200613,或菌株Apopka 97(登录号ATCC 20874)、淡紫拟青霉,特别是淡紫拟青霉菌株251(AGAL 89/030550)、黄色篮状菌,特别是菌株V117b、深绿木霉,特别是菌株SC1(登录号CBS 122089)、哈茨木霉,特别是哈茨木霉rifai T39(登录号CNCM I-952)。
2)用于或可用作生物活性化合物的病毒:
苹小卷叶蛾(Adoxophyes orana)颗粒病毒(GV)、苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)颗粒病毒(GV)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)核多角体病病毒(NPV)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)mNPV、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)mNPV、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)NPV。
3)作为“接种菌”添加到植物或植物部位或植物器官,以其特性促进植物生长和植物健康的细菌和真菌:
农杆菌属种、茎瘤固氮根瘤菌、固氮螺丝菌属种、固氮菌属种、慢生根瘤菌属种、伯克霍尔德菌属种,特别是洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(旧称为洋葱假单胞菌)、巨孢囊霉属种,或单孢巨孢囊霉、球囊霉属种、蜡蘑属种、布氏乳杆菌、类球囊霉属种、色豆马勃、假单胞菌属种、根瘤菌属种,特别是三叶草根瘤菌、须腹菌属种、硬皮马勃属种、牛肝菌属种,和链霉菌属种。
4)包括蛋白质和次级代谢物的用于或可用作生物活性化合物的植物提取物,植物提取物制品和微生物制品:
蒜、中亚苦蒿、印楝素、WP、黑肉桂、苦皮藤、Chenopodiumanthelminticum、几丁质、欧洲鳞毛蕨、问荆、(昆诺阿藜皂苷提取物)、除虫菊/除虫菊素、苦木、栎属、皂树、Regalia、“杀虫剂”、鱼藤酮、鱼尼汀/利阿诺定、聚合草、菊蒿、百里香酚、70、旱金莲、大荨麻、藜芦碱(veratrin)、白果槲寄生、十字花科提取物,特别是加拿大油菜粉或芥末粉,以及从橄榄油中获得的生物杀虫/杀螨活性物质,特别是作为活性成分的碳链长度为C16-C20的不饱和脂肪酸/羧酸,例如,商品名为的产品中的含有物。
作为混合佐剂的安全剂(b)
化合物(a)可以与(b)安全剂组合,例如解草酮(benoxacor)、解草酯((cloquintocet)(-mexyl))、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、环丙磺酰胺(cyprosulfamide)、烯丙酰草胺(dichlormid)、解草唑((fenchlorazole)(-ethyl))、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草胺(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、双苯恶唑酸(isoxadifen(-ethyl))、吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr(-diethyl))、萘甲酸酐(naphthalic anhydride)、解草腈(oxabetrinil)、2-甲氧基-N-({4-[(甲胺甲酰氯)氨基]苯基}硫基)苯甲酰胺(CAS 129531-12-0)、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧-4-氮螺[4.5]癸烷(CAS 71526-07-3)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷(CAS 52836-31-4)。
芽孢杆菌属种(CFU)与化学杀菌剂或化学杀虫剂的比例
本发明的化合物组合可以包括1、2种或更多的化合物(b)。优选地,本发明的化合物组合包括1或2种化合物(b)。在一个实施方案中,所有化合物(b)都是杀菌剂。然而,存在两种或两种以上的化合物(b)的情况下,这些化合物可以选自(1)到(15)中的不同组。例如,如果从组(1)中选择一个化合物(b),则可以从组(2)到组(15)中选择其他的化合物(b)。
根据本发明,“组合”这一描述代表(a)和(b)的各种组合,例如,在单一的“预混物”形式中,在由单一活性化合物的独立配方组成的喷雾混合物中,如“桶混物”,在单一活性成分的联合使用中,如果按顺序使用,即在相当短的时间内,如几个小时或几天内,依次使用。优选地,施用化合物(a)和(b)的顺序对于实施本发明并不重要。
根据本发明,如果一个组合中存在多于一种化合物(b),例如2或3种,则重量比指化合物(b)的总量,即组合中存在的每种化合物(b)的总量之和。如果存在多于一种化合物(a),如2或3种(已作必要的修正)。化合物(b)可以是同一类型的,例如两种或多种杀菌剂,或不同类型的组合,例如一种杀菌剂和一种生物化合物或一种杀虫剂。
如果本发明的组合物中存在多种,例如2或3种化合物(b),则单独的化合物(b)的有效重量比可以在一个广泛范围内存在。例如有2种化合物(b)存在,下文称为化合物(B1)和(B2),其有效重量比为B1∶B2,可在例如100∶1至1∶100范围内变化,优选的重量比为50∶1至1∶50,最优选的重量比为20∶1至1∶20。本发明按更优选使用情况递增顺序排列的其他B1∶B2比例为95∶1至1∶95、90∶1至1∶90、85∶1至1∶85、80∶1至1∶80、75∶1至1∶75、70∶1至1∶70、65∶1至1∶65、60∶1至1∶60、55∶1至1∶55、50∶1至1∶50、45∶1至1∶45、40∶1至1∶40、35∶1至1∶35、30∶1至1∶30、25∶1至1∶25、15∶1至1∶15、10∶1至1∶10、5∶1至1∶5、4∶1至1∶4、3∶1至1∶3、2∶1至1∶2。
本发明可使用的其他B1∶B2比例为:95∶1至1∶1、90∶1至1∶1、85∶1至1∶1、80∶1至1∶1、75∶1至1∶1、70∶1至1∶1、65∶1至1∶1、60∶1至1∶1、55∶1至1∶1、50∶1至1∶1、45∶1至1∶1、40∶1至1∶1、35∶1至1∶1、30∶1至1∶1、25∶1至1∶1、20∶1至1∶1、15∶1至1∶1、10∶1至1∶1、5∶1至1∶1、4∶1至1∶1、3∶1至1∶1、2∶1至1∶1。
除重量比以外,本文将提供非化学杀真菌剂或非化学农药的活性化合物的比例,如微生物活性化合物的比例。菌落形成单位(CFU)是存活的微生物细胞的度量单位,特别是真菌和细菌细胞。芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例用细菌CFU:g化学杀真菌剂或农药(CFU:g)来表示。一般而言,本文所述的芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例为1018CFU∶1g至104CFU∶1g。在一个实施方案中,芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例为1017CFU∶1g至105CFU∶1g。在另一实施方案中,本文所述的芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例为1015CFU∶1g至108CFU∶1g。在另一实施方案中,本文所述的芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例为1013CFU∶1g至109CFU∶1g。在另一实施方案中,本文所述的芽孢杆菌属种菌株与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例为1013CFU∶1g至1010CFU∶1g。在一个实施方案中,这些比例特指芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746与化学杀真菌剂或农药的比例。
芽孢杆菌(CFU)与生物活性化合物(CFU)的比例
在生物活性化合物(b)是细菌或真菌的情况下,这种生物活性化合物的数量可以用CFU计算。
芽孢杆菌属种菌株与生物活性化合物的比例范围通常为1000∶1CFU化合物(a)∶CFU化合物(b)至1∶1000CFU化合物(a)∶CFU化合物(b)。在另一实施方案中,该比例为100∶1CFU化合物(a):CFU化合物(b)至1∶100CFU化合物(a)∶CFU化合物(b)。在另一实施方案中,该比例为25∶1到1∶25,例如10∶1到1∶10。在另一实施方案中,该比例为4∶1到1∶4。在一个实施方案中,这些比例特指芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746与细菌或真菌之间的比例。
芽孢杆菌属种(CFU)与生物活性化合物(PFU)的比值
在生物活性化合物是病毒的情况下,这种生物活性化合物的数量可以用PFU(嗜菌斑形成单位)计算。芽孢杆菌属种菌株与生物活性化合物的比例范围通常为1000∶1CFU化合物(a)∶PFU化合物(b)至1∶1000CFU化合物(a)∶PFU化合物(b)。在另一实施方案中,该比例为100∶1CFU化合物(a)∶PFU化合物(b)至1∶100CFU化合物(a)∶PFU化合物(b)。在另一实施方案中,该比例为25∶1至1∶25,例如10∶1至1∶10。在另一实施方案中,该比例为4∶1至1∶4。在一个实施方案中,这些比例特指芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746与病毒的比例。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746,和(b)选自甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、坚固芽孢杆菌I-1582、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、巨大芽孢杆菌NRRLB-67357和LCO的活性化合物。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和甲霜灵。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRLB-67746和丙硫菌唑。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和氟嘧菌酯。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和噻虫胺。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和坚固芽孢杆菌I-1582。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和吡虫啉。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和巨大芽孢杆菌NRRL B-67357。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和LCO。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括(a)芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和(b)选自硫双威(thiodicarb)、吡虫啉、多菌灵(carbendazim)、福美双(thiram)和慢生型大豆根瘤菌的活性化合物。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和硫双威和吡虫啉。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和多菌灵和福美双。
在另一实施方案中,活性化合物组合包括芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746和慢生型大豆根瘤菌。
在化合物(a)和化合物(b)为特定比例时,上述某些活性化合物组合可能具有协同效应。当活性成分组合的活性超过独立施用时活性成分的总活性时,则存在活性成分的协同效应。给定的两种活性成分组合的预期活性可以计算如下(参考Colby,S.R.[Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of HerbicideCombinations,”Weeds 1967,15,20-22)]:
如果
X是活性成分A以m ppm(或g/ha)的施用率施用时的功效,
Y是活性成分B以n ppm(或g/ha)的施用率施用时的功效,
E是活性成分A和B分别以m和n ppm(或g/ha)的施用率施用时的功效,
则
如果实际活性超过计算值,那么该组合的活性为超加性,即存在协同效应。在这种情况下,实际观察到的功效必将大于上述公式计算的预期功效(E)。
例如,该公式和分析可应用于植物生长促进评价。这种分析方法在施用于植物几天后进行评价。100%表示对应于未处理的对照植株的植株重量。在这种情况下,功效表示相较于未经处理的对照组,植物重量增加的%。例如,与未经处理的对照植物相比,一种使植物重量达到120%的处理方法将拥有20%的功效。如果该组合植物促生效果(即用该组合处理植株的%芽重所观察到的功效)超过计算值,则该组合的活性为超加性,即存在协同效应。
该公式和分析也可用于评价病害防治或虫害防治试验的协同作用。以%表示功效的程度。0%表示对应于对照组的功效,而100%功效表示没有观察到病害。
如果实际杀虫或杀真菌活性超过计算值,则该组合的活性为超加性,即存在协同作用。在这种情况下,实际观察到的功效必将大于根据上述公式计算出的预期功效(E)。
另一种证明协同效应的方法是Tammes的方法(参考[Isoboles,A GraphicRepresentation 0f Synergism in Pesticides,”in Neth.J.Plant Path.,1964,70,73-80]。
所有植物和植物部位都可以按照本发明进行处理。在本文中,植物指所有的植物和植物种群,例如所需的和不需的野生植物或作物植物(包括天然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可以是通过常规育种和优化方法或生物技术和重组方法获得的植物,或上述方法的组合,包括转基因植物和受或不受植物品种产权保护的植物品种。植物部位是指植物的所有地上和地下部位和器官,如芽、叶、花和根,例如叶、针、茎、花、子实体、果实和种子,也包括根、块茎和根茎。植物部位还包括作物材料和无性和有性繁殖材料,如插枝、块茎、根茎、幼枝和种子。
综上所述,所有植物及其部位均可以根据本发明进行处理。在优选实施方案中,处理野生或通过传统生物育种方法(如杂交或原生质体融合)获得的植物物种和植物品种及其部位。在另一优选实施方案中,如果其适于与传统方法(转基因生物)相结合,处理已经通过重组方法获得的转基因植物或植物品种及其部位。术语“部位”或“植物的部位”或“植物部位”已在上文解释。在各种情况下,尤其优选根据本发明处理商用或现用的植物品种的植物。植物品种是指通过传统育种、诱变或重组DNA技术培育的具有新性状的植物。它们可能以品种、种族、生物型和基因型的形式出现。
本发明的组合物对植物和植物部位的处理是直接进行的,或者通过传统处理方法施用于环境、栖息地或存储空间,例如通过浸渍、喷雾、雾化、成雾、蒸发、撒粉、弥雾、散射、发泡、涂抹、涂布、注射、浸湿、滴灌,在处理繁殖材料特别是种子的情况下,还通过干种子处理法、湿种子处理法、悬浮液处理法、包壳、用单一或多层包衣及类似物进行包被。此外,还可以通过超低量法施用活性物质,或将活性物质制剂或活性物质本身注入土壤中。
优选的植物是有用的植物、装饰性植物、草坪、一般应用于公共场所和家庭场所的观赏树木、以及林业树木。林业树木包括生产木材、纤维素、纸张和树木制品的树木。
本文所使用的术语“有用的植物”指用于获得食物、饲料、观赏物、燃料或工业用途的作物植物。
可使用本发明的组合物和方法来处理和/或改良的有用的植物包括例如下列植物种类:草坪、葡萄藤、谷类,例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、黑小麦、燕麦、水稻、玉米和粟/高粱;甜菜,例如糖用甜菜和饲料甜菜;水果,例如梨果、核果及软果,例如苹果、梨、李子、桃子、杏仁、樱桃和浆果,例如草莓、树莓、黑莓;豆类,例如黄豆、扁豆、豌豆和大豆;油料作物,例如加拿大油菜、芥末、罂粟花、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、油棕、蓖麻油植物、可可豆和花生;瓜类植物,例如南瓜、黄瓜和甜瓜;纤维植物,例如棉花、亚麻、大麻和黄麻;柑橘类水果,例如橙子、柠檬、葡萄柚和橘子;蔬菜类,例如菠菜、生菜、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜;葱属种(Allium spp.),例如洋葱、大蒜、番茄、马铃薯和青椒;樟科(Lauraceae),例如鳄梨、肉桂、樟树,或其他植物例如烟草、坚果、咖啡、可可、茄子、甘蔗、茶叶、胡椒、葡萄树、啤酒花、香蕉、草料如苜蓿、三叶草、饲料高粱、胶乳植物和观赏植物,例如花、灌木、落叶乔木和针叶树。
下列植物被认为是特别适合施用本发明的组合物和方法的目标作物:棉花、茄子、草坪、梨果、核果、软果、玉米、小麦、大麦、黄瓜、烟草、葡萄藤、水稻、谷物、梨、黄豆、大豆、加拿大油菜、番茄、甜椒、甜瓜、卷心菜、马铃薯和苹果。
本发明还可以应用于任何草坪草,包括冷季草坪草和暖季草坪草。冷季草坪草的例子是早熟禾属种(Poa spp.),如草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)、粗茎早熟禾(Poatrivialis L.)、加拿大早熟禾(Poa compressa L.)、一年生早熟禾(Poa annua L.)、高地早熟禾(Poa glaucantha Gaudin)、林地早熟禾(Poa nemoralis L.)和球茎早熟禾(Poapratensis L.);翦股颖属种(Agrostis spp.)如匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis palustrisHuds.)、细弱剪股颖(Agrostis tenuis Sibth.)、绒毛剪股颖(Agrostis canina L.)、南德混种翦股颖(翦股颖属包括细弱剪股颖、绒毛剪股颖和匍匐翦股颖),和小糠草(Agrostisalba L.);
羊茅(羊茅属种(Festuca spp.)),例如紫羊茅(Festuca rubraL.spp.rubra)、匍匐羊茅(Festuca rubra L.)、邱氏羊茅(Festuca rubra commutata Gaud.)、羊茅(FestucaovinaL.)、硬羊茅(Festuca longifolia Thuill.)、细叶羊茅(Festucu capillata Lam.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)和草地羊茅(Festuca elanor L.);
黑麦草(黑麦草属种(Lolium spp.)),例如一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorumLam.)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和意大利黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.);
以及冰草(冰草属种(Agropyron spp.)),例如扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron desertorum(Fisch.)Schult.)和蓝茎冰草(Agropyron smithii Rydb.)。
其他冷季草坪草的例子有海滩草(Ammophila breviligulata Fern.)、光滑雀麦草(Bromus inermis Leyss.)、香蒲例如梯牧草(Phleum pratense L.)、砂香蒲(PhleumsubulatumL.)、野茅(Dactylis glomerata L.)、碱茅草(Puccinellia distans(L.)Parl.)和狗尾草(Cynosurus cristatusL.)。
暖季草坪草的例子有狗牙根(Cynodon spp.L.C.Rich)、结缕草(Zoysiaspp.Willd.)、钝叶草(Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt Kuntze)、假俭草(Eremochloaophiuroides Munro Hack.)、地毯草(Axonopus affinis Chase)、巴哈雀稗(Paspalumnotatum Flugge)、铺地狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.ex Chiov.)、野牛草(Buchloe dactyloids(Nutt.)Engelm.)、格兰马草(Bouteloua gracilis(H.B.K.)Lag.exGriffiths)、海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum Swartz)和垂穗草(Bouteloua curtipendula(Michx.Torr.)。应用本发明的优选通常为冷季草坪草。特别是早熟禾、丛生禾草和小糠草、羊茅和黑麦草。极其优选翦股颖。
在某些方面,本发明的组合物施用于种子时,根据种子大小,每颗种子施用约1×105至约1×108菌落形成单位(CFU)的促进植物生长的芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其衍生的促进植物生长的突变株。例如,对于玉米种子,施用率约为1×106CFU/种子至1×107CFU/种子;对于大豆,施用率约为1×105CFU/种子至2×106CFU/种子。
当用作土壤处理时,本发明的组合物和产孢细菌细胞可作为土壤表面浸液施用、柄施、和/或在犁沟中注入或施用或与灌溉用水混合施用。土壤处理浸液可在种植时、播种期间或播种后、或移植时和植物生长的任何阶段施用,其施用率约为每公顷1×1013至1×1016菌落形成单位(CFU)的促进植物生长的芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其衍生的促进植物生长的突变株。在其他方面,本发明的组合物施用率约为每公顷1×1014至1×1015菌落形成单位(CFU)的促进植物生长的芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其衍生的促进植物生长的突变株。在其他方面,本发明的组合物施用率约为每公顷1×1014至5×1014菌落形成单位(CFU)的促进植物生长的芽孢杆菌属种NRRL B-67746或其衍生的促进植物生长突变株。
叶面施用的应用量,例如施用于草坪,与上述的土壤处理时相同。
保藏信息
本发明的芽孢杆菌属种菌株的样本于2019年2月14日保藏于《布达佩斯条约》下的农业研究菌种保藏中心,其位于美国伊利诺斯州61604皮奥瑞亚大学北街1815号美国农业部农业研究服务处国家农业利用研究中心,并被指定以下保藏名称:NRRL B-67746。
本文中所述的以及持有前缀NRRL登录号的所有菌株均已按照规定根据《用于专利程序的微生物保存国际认可布达佩斯条约》保藏于上述各保藏机构中。
这些菌株在以下条件下保藏:确保在本专利申请存续期间,专利和商标局局长根据37 C.F.R.§1.14和35 U.S.C.§122确定的有权获得的人可以获得这些培养物。在提交题述申请的同族申请或其后代的国家,可以根据外国专利法的要求获得该保藏。然而,应该理解的是,该保藏的可获得并不构成损害由政府行为所授予的专利权而实施题述发明的许可。
下列实施例仅用于本发明的说明和参考目的。
实施例
实施例1:在活力指数平台测定中筛选芽孢杆菌属种菌株——玉米
在高发芽种子中决定性能的种子品质要素存在差异,其被称为种子活力或幼苗活力。种子的处理会影响种子的活力。为了确定NRRL B-67746对种子活力的影响,采用国际种子试验协会(ISTA)修订方案中的纸巾法进行玉米幼苗活力试验。在这些试验中使用的标准玉米杂交种具有100%的温发芽率。显示较高种子活力指数的种子群(seed lot)被认为更有活力(Abdul-Baki和Anderson,1973)。我们进行了两种幼苗活力试验。
将NRRL B-67746与作为种子处理的解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组的其他芽孢杆菌菌株进行比较。所有非商业产品的菌株均在相同条件下在大豆培养基中培养。具体而言,使用摇瓶和大豆培养基,菌株在30℃下生长5天,直到完成孢子形成。
在第一个实验中,将来自NRRL B-67746和来自解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组中另一芽孢杆菌属菌株(菌株1)的全发酵液以每粒种子1×106或1×107CFU的施用率施用于玉米种子。作为对照,也使用解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组中芽孢杆菌菌株的商业生物产品(“商业生物产品”)处理种子,同样以每粒种子1×106或1×107CFU的施用率进行处理。用水处理过的种子作为未处理的对照。在本试验中,与未处理的对照和解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组中其他芽孢杆菌菌株相比,在每粒种子1×106CFU的施用率下NRRL B-67746的幼苗活力指数最高。在此施用率下,NRRL B-67746的幼苗活力指数与商业生物产品相似。在每粒种子1×107CFU的施用率下,与所有其他处理相比,NRRL B-67746显示出最高幼苗活力,比未处理的对照高70%。结果见表1。
表1-种子处理
在第二个实验中,使用(i)由杀真菌剂和杀虫剂组成的标准化学包衣(在本实施例中称为化学基质)或(ii)所述化学基质和NRRL B-67746或所述商业生物产品处理种子,各自以1×106CFU/种子施用。
每处理组5个种子,每组10个重复,在完全随机的设计下种植于高压灭菌的发芽纸(Anchor Company,美国明尼苏达州)上并放在28℃的生长室中培养。7天后,统计发芽种子数并计算各组发芽种子总数的百分比。幼苗长度通过测量每株植物的芽长和根长获得。幼苗活力指数的计算公式如下:
发芽率(%)×幼苗长度(cm)。
将商业生物产品和NRRL B-67746与商业化学种子处理进行比较。在本试验中,与上一个试验相同,对于幼苗活力指数,NRRL B-67746优于商业生物产品和对照。结果如下表2所示。
表2-用化学基质进行种子处理
处理 | 幼苗活力指数 | 相比对照提高% |
对照(仅用化学基质处理) | 30842.74 | - |
商业生物产品 | 33094.81 | 7.0 |
NRRL B-67746 | 36097.73 | 17 |
实施例2:芽孢杆菌属种菌株早期活力的筛选——大豆和玉米
在温室试验中用NRRL B-67746或解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组的其他芽孢杆菌菌株处理玉米和大豆种子,以评价其对植物生长的促进作用。处理为:未处理的对照和四种不同的菌株,包括NRRL B-67746,菌株1,另一来自解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组的菌株(菌株2)和商业生物产品。如上文实施例1所述,制备NRRL B-67746、菌株1和菌株2的全发酵液培养物。各以1×106CFU/种子的施用率施用于种子。未处理的对照(UTC)是用无菌去离子水“处理”的种子。
将种子在2.5英寸的方形花盆中种植于沙壤土中,每个品种12个重复。采用随机区组设计。在整个试验过程中,根据植物需要从上部浇水,并在第7和14天施用20-20-20肥料,用量为1g/L,10mL/盆。将花盆从花盆托盘中取出,直接按随机设计放置在温室室内的工作台上。温室温度设置为75-80华氏度,光照周期为14/10小时。种植21天后,通过剪下嫩芽并使用LI-3000C便携式叶面积仪(Biosciences,Lincoln,美国内布拉斯加州)测量叶面积来评价植物生长促进情况。NRRL B-67746处理的大豆和玉米的平均叶面积显著大于未处理的对照种子或用菌株1或菌株2处理的种子。商业生物产品的叶面积在作物为玉米时与NRRL B-67746相似,在作物为大豆时略高于NRRL B-67746。结果如下表3所示。
表3植物生长促进结果
实施例3:慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)和NRRL B-67746处理后的根瘤质量和植物生长
与大豆共生的慢生型大豆根瘤菌的生物固氮作用是北美洲和南美洲大豆重要的生物肥料投入。因此,评价所添加的生物处理对慢生根瘤菌属的结瘤效率(通过根瘤质量和总体植物生长来评价)是否有影响是很重要的。在另一个试验中,用北美(NA)或南美(SA)典型的由杀虫剂和杀真菌剂组成的化学基质处理大豆种子,该化学基质与一种市售的具有生物固氮能力的慢生根瘤菌属接种菌结合施用。将这种处理下生长的植物与用相同化学基质、慢生根瘤菌属和NRRL B-67746全发酵液培养物(如上文实施例1所述培养)处理的种子长出的植物进行比较。慢生根瘤菌属接种菌和B-67746分别以1×106CFU/种子的施用率施用。生长28天后,对各种植物特性进行评价。与仅用化学基质和慢生根瘤菌属处理的植物相比,用NRRL B-67746、慢生根瘤菌属和化学基质处理的植物显示出增加的植株高度、叶面积和平均根表面积。
实施例4:qPCR研究以证明大豆根瘤中存在NRRL B-67746
用1×106 CFU/mL市售的慢生根瘤菌属接种菌单独地或与1×106CFU/mL NRRL B-67746组合处理大豆植株。接种4周后,从接种的植株上随机收集大豆根瘤。将收集的根瘤用1%漂白剂溶液进行表面灭菌5分钟,然后用70%乙醇消毒1分钟,再用水冲洗。将根瘤通过火焰进行灭菌,然后用灭菌蒸馏水冲洗三次。将根瘤在100μL ddH2O中短暂涡旋,放置100μL水以检查微生物生长或污染情况。在1.5mL经过灭菌的微型管中粉碎大豆根瘤,然后提取DNA,使用针对NRRL B-67746和慢生根瘤菌属设计的特异性引物组进行qPCR,来确定大豆根瘤内NRRL B-67746的存在。表5展示了在几个独立检测的根瘤中NRRL B-67746的检测结果。
表5根瘤中NRRL B-67746检测
实施例5:大豆植株固氮和同化效率的提高
用NRRL B-67746和一种市售的慢生型大豆根瘤菌接种菌处理大豆种子,并检测以确定这种处理是否能提高大豆植株的固氮和同化效率。NRRL B67746的全发酵液培养物是通过将一个菌落从平板转移到装有50mL胰酪大豆胨培养基(“TSB”)的250mL三角烧瓶中进行培养。接种后的烧瓶在30℃、220RPM下培养24小时。然后,将1mL烧瓶培养物转移到装有50mL TSB Schaeffer培养基的250mL三角烧瓶中,在30℃、220RPM条件下培养72小时。该样本的一小部分用于评价以确定菌落形成单位。将大豆种子以每粒种子1×106 CFU的B-67746全发酵液培养物来处理。在种植过程中,将慢生根瘤菌属菌株培养物的1∶100稀释液通过直接浸润施用在种子上。对照组种子仅用慢生根瘤菌属浸润处理。
固氮酶法
种植后25天,通过将完整根系全部切下(主根以上)以采收两周龄大豆幼苗的根。用清水冲洗根部,然后在纸巾上敲干。将根置于50mL离心管中,并用橡胶膜封口。向管中注入5ml乙炔。样品培养1小时后注入气相色谱仪(GC)。将10μL管中顶部气体注入气相色谱。加入乙炔培养0h、1h和3h并监测乙烯的产生。结果如下表6所示。与慢生根瘤菌属处理相比,用NRRL B-67746处理的幼苗显示出显著更高的固氮酶活性。
表6-NRRL B-67746处理的种子的固氮酶活性
大豆品种 | 平均值 | SE | |
B-67746+慢生根瘤菌属 | 品种1 | 237.1825927 | 109.4159 |
仅用慢生根瘤菌属 | 品种1 | 87.15976517 | 32.6298 |
B-67746+慢生根瘤菌属 | 品种2 | 77.54834969 | 34.57229 |
仅用慢生根瘤菌属 | 品种2 | 46.42325835 | 1.728181 |
酰脲法(Ureides Method)
提取
采收新鲜的6周龄大豆植株,并分离根瘤、根、茎和叶柄。每个植物部位使用液氮在研钵中研磨。将500mg新鲜的研磨样品与200μL 0.5N NaOH和300μL水混合。样品在100℃加热8分钟。冷却后,加入200ml 0.65N HCl,将混合物在100℃下再加热8分钟。冷却后,将混合物在17000g下离心15分钟。
显色
将100mL上清液和500mL水与100mL苯肼混合,将混合物在室温下静置30分钟或更长时间。将试管置于冰水浴中冷却至0℃,加入500mL浓缩HCl预冷至-20℃并加入100mL铁氰化物溶液。将试管置于室温下,15分钟后在535nm波长下读取颜色。结果如图1所示。与基础(base)处理相比,NRRL B-67746处理的大豆幼苗在各植物部位具有显著更高的酰脲含量。
实施例6:玉米田间试验
在三年时间里,使用玉米进行田间试验,用于比较解淀粉芽孢杆菌操作组中几种芽孢杆菌菌株的增产能力。将所有非商用菌株使用摇瓶和大豆培养基进行培养,在30℃条件下培养5天,直至产孢完成。
所得全发酵液根据每项试验具体情况与合适的化学基础处理或化学和生物基础处理一同施用于玉米种子。在第三年,在全发酵液中加入防腐剂,然后将其施用于玉米种子。全发酵液以以下施用率施用到种子:第1年和第2年1-2×106CFU/种子,第3年2×106CFU/种子。处理过的玉米种子在正常季节进行种植,直至收获。
在每个试验中,用下表中列出的菌株处理的种子与除该菌株外其他成分均相同的处理进行比较。一般而言,每个试验有4个地块,但在第二年的一些试验中,每个试验有3个地块。所有试验均采用RCBD(随机完全区组设计)。将异常的地块数据从试验数据中删除,例如那些根据每个试验的产量范围,极低产量或极端异常值的地块。下表7展示了NRRL-B-67746与同一操作组其他菌株相比在化学基础顶部施用时的作用表现。结果的一部分基于对原始数据的建模。模型估计了空间变化和场地随机性的占比,并由限制最大似然的混合线性模型产生。这是许多研究中使用的标准方法,相较于仅总结原始数据将产生更准确的结果。表格还展示了一些原始数据,以展示原始数据和通过建模生成的数据之间的差异。例如,原始数据显示菌株5表现出了高产量收益,但建模数据更具预测性,因为它考虑了菌株5的低试验次数和田间内变化。虽然B-67746的产量收益在数值上与其他处理不同,该结果在统计学上并非显著。然而,由于田地内以及试验和年份之间的差异,在比较多年间的多次试验时,这是很常见的,甚至使用建模方法也是如此。因此,表7也展示了试验间的“一致性(consistency)”,即处理相较于对照(化学基础或生物参照-化学基础)增产的比率。“一致性0.5”和“一致性2.5”是指与对照相比,该处理使产量分别增加0.5%或2.5%的比率。这是农学家分析各种处理效果的常用方法。“预测的一致性”是这个原始数据的建模版本。表7和表8还提供了预测的一致性的置信区间(CI)。下限CI95规定,新试验的产量收益将不会低于这一比率,具有95%的置信度。上限CI95规定,新试验的产量收益将不会高于这一比率,具有95%的置信度。
下表8展示了NRRL B-67746与同一操作组其他菌株在化学基础和参照生物基础顶部施用情况下的作用表现。表7提供了相同类型的数据,除没有提供原始产量收益外。
表8
实施例7:玉米田间试验的产量效益
玉米田间试验历时5年(包括实施例6中进行评价的3年,以评价NRRL B-67746菌株对玉米产量性能的影响。在第1年和第2年,使用摇瓶和大豆培养基在30℃下培养NRRL B-67746,培养5天,直到产孢完成。在第3和第4年,在相同条件下用生物反应器培养NRRL B-677462天。在第5年,在相同条件下使用生物反应器和酵母提取物培养基培养NRRL B-677462天。
在第1年和第2年,以1-2×106CFU/种子的施用率将得到的全发酵液与基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理一起施用于杂交玉米种子上;第3-5年施用率为2×106CFU/种子。在第5年还使用了额外1×107CFU/种子的用量。在3-5年,添加防腐剂到全发酵液之后,将其施用于玉米种子。试验将仅用基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理的杂交玉米种子作为对照组。经过处理的杂交玉米种子每年在不同的玉米种植地点,在4行30-40英尺长的地块上遵循标准农业操作规范种植并生长直至收获。试验采用完全随机区组设计。每个试验都由不同的处理组成。一般而言,每个处理有4个重复,包括每个位置的对照。每年每个试验都要测试一份种质,尽管种质可能每年都在变化。所测种质的相对成熟度检测与地理位置相匹配。
在收获时,在每四行地块的中间两行玉米作物被收获用于产量测量,以避免边界效应。结合单个地块的产量测量数据。将异常的地块数据从试验数据中删除,例如那些根据每个试验的产量范围,极低产量或极端异常值的数据。表9展示了使用NRRL B-67746菌株处理的杂交玉米种子生长出的玉米植株与仅使用基础农药处理的对照植株相比,产量(增量)变化的年份与位置的分析结果。结果的一部分基于对原始数据的建模。模型估计说明了空间变化以及田地内和田地间的随机性,并由限制最大似然的混合线性模型产生。这是许多研究中使用的标准方法,相较于独立总结原始数据将产生更准确的结果。
表9用NRRL B-67746处理的种子长出的玉米植株相较于对照种子长出的植株的产量增加
*产量增量:表示与使用基础农药处理的对照组相比,每英亩产量的变化(单位:蒲式耳)。
**增产率:处理组产量高于对照组产量的产量%。
如表9所示,与仅使用基础农药的对照组相比,在为期5年的147个试验中,NRRL B-67746使产量增加2蒲式耳/英亩,增产率为61%。
实施例8:NRRLB-67746提高了受控环境中种植的玉米植株的营养吸收
为评价NRRL B-67746对营养吸收的影响,在两项独立的研究中,将除基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理之外还以2×106CFU/种子的施用率用NRRL B-67746全发酵液或水(作为对照组)处理的杂交玉米种子种植在5英寸高的花盆中的沙壤土中,并在温室或生长室中生长。植株在光照周期为白天16小时,夜晚8小时,白天温度为29-33℃,夜晚温度为20℃,相对湿度为52-59%的温室中生长;或在光照周期为白天16小时、夜间8小时、白天温度为28℃、夜间温度为18℃、相对湿度为55%的生长室中生长。每天至少通过地下灌溉浇水一次,并在V3前期和V3后期使用20-20-20肥施肥两次。试验采用完全随机区组设计,每个处理包含16株植物。
分别于生长室植株V3期和温室植株V4期时收获每个植株顶部第二片完全展开的叶片。处理混合样品,分成4个重复,使用本领域已知的标准方法进行营养物分析(对于氮测定:http://www.elementar.de/en/products/nprotein-analysis/rapid-n-exceed.html;对于其他营养物质,Havlin,J.L.和P.N.Soltanpour.1980.A nitric acidplant tissuedigest method for use with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.Comm.SoilSci.Plant Anal.11(10):969-980.在分解过程中加入过氧化氢进行修饰,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定)。总体上,与用水和基础农药处理的种子生长出的对照植物相比,用NRRL B-67746处理的种子生长出的玉米植株表现出对所有营养物质的吸收都有所增加,如表10所示。在两项研究中可一致观察到总氮、钙和锰含量均显著增加,而在其中一项研究中可观察到硫、镁、锌、铁、铜和硼的吸收也显著增加。
实施例9:NRRL B-67746提高了受控环境中种植的大豆植株的营养吸收
为评价NRRL B-67746对营养吸收的影响,在两项独立的研究中,将除基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理之外还以2×106 CFU/种子的施用率用NRRL B-67746全发酵液或水(作为对照组)处理的大豆种子种植在5英寸高的花盆中的沙壤土中,并在温室或生长室中生长。植株在光照周期为白天16小时,夜晚8小时,白天温度为29-33℃,夜晚温度为20℃,相对湿度为52-59%的温室中生长;或在光照周期为白天16小时、夜间8小时、白天温度为28℃、夜间温度为18℃、相对湿度为55%的生长室中生长。每天至少通过地下灌溉浇水一次,并在V3前期和V3后期施20-20-20肥料两次。试验采用完全随机区组设计,每个处理包含16株植物。
分别于生长室植株V3期和温室植株V4期时收获每个植株顶部第二片完全展开的叶片。处理混合样品,分成4个重复,使用本领域已知的标准方法进行营养物分析(对于氮测定:http://www.elementar.de/en/products/nprotein-analysis/rapid-n-exceed.html;对于其他营养物质,Havlin,J.L.和P.N.Soltanpour.1980.A nitric acidplant tissuedigest method for use with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.Comm.SoilSci.Plant Anal.11(10):969-980.在分解过程中加入过氧化氢进行修饰,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定)。总体上,与用水和基础农药处理的种子生长出的对照植物相比,用NRRL B-67746处理的种子生长出的大豆植株表现出对所有营养物质的吸收都有所增加,如表11所示。从其中一项研究可观察到总氮、钾、钙、锰、硫、镁、锌和铁含量显著增加。
实施例10:NRRL B-67746改善受控环境中种植的玉米和大豆植物根生长
将除基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理之外还以2×106CFU/种子的施用率用NRRL B-67746全发酵液或水(作为对照组)处理的玉米和大豆种子种植在温室或生长室中,如实施例9和10所示。试验采用完全随机区组设计,每个处理包含16株植物。
整株植株于生长室V3期或温室V4期采收,用水彻底冲洗,清除根部残留的土壤。收集每棵植株的根并称重。结果总结在表12中。根生物量表示为鲜根重克数。对照组是指除基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理之外还以水处理的种子生长而成的植物。B-67746是指除基础杀真菌剂和杀虫剂处理之外还以B-67734菌株处理过的种子生长而成的植物。B-67746处理显著提高了温室和生长室中生长的玉米植物根生物量(表12)。在大豆植株上也观察到类似的提高,尽管对生长室中生长的植株的提高是用数字表示的。
表12 NRRL B-67746提高玉米和大豆植株的根生物量
实施例11:B-67746提高对无机磷酸盐的溶解
NRRL B-67746在30℃、400rpm条件下于液体LB培养基中培养24小时。经过培养后,将50μL B-67746培养物试样加入96深孔板的每个孔中,每孔装有含5g/L磷酸三钙或5g/L磷酸铁的950μL无菌NBRIY培养基(葡萄糖10g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1g/L、KCl0.2g/L、MnSO4·H2O0.002g/L、NaCl 0.2g/L、(NH4)2SO4 0.5g/L、溴苯酚0.025g/L)。装满的96孔板在30℃、400rpm、85%湿度的振动器上培养72小时。培养结束时,用平板膜将孔封口,4700rpm离心10分钟。从板上每个孔中取200μL上清液试样,转移到Nunc 96微孔板中。通过酶标仪测量混合物在OD600下的吸光度。实验重复两次,每个样本重复16次。未接种的培养基作为对照组。
如表13所示,从OD600吸光度的降低可以看出,与没有接种B-67746的对照组相比,B-67746能够溶解两种不同的无机磷酸盐源。
表13 NRRL B-67746提高对无机磷酸盐的溶解
除另有规定外,本发明文中所有技术和科学术语与该技术领域一般技术人员所理解的含义相同。所有出版物、专利和专利出版物以各种目的以引用的方式全文纳入本文。
应理解,本发明所公开的内容不限于所述的特定方法学、协议和材料,可以进行改变。并且应理解,本文中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例,非旨在限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围将仅受附加权利要求书的限制。
序列表
<110> 奥本大学
拜耳作物科学有限合伙公司
<120> 一种芽孢杆菌属菌株及其用于促进植物生长的方法
<130> BCS199001 WO
<150> 62/865,823
<151> 2019-06-24
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 1555
<212> DNA
<213> 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)
<400> 1
tttatcggag agtttgatcc tggctcagga cgaacgctgg cggcgtgcct aatacatgca 60
agtcgagcgg acagatggga gcttgctccc tgatgttagc ggcggacggg tgagtaacac 120
gtgggtaacc tgcctgtaag actgggataa ctccgggaaa ccggggctaa taccggatgg 180
ttgtctgaac cgcatggttc agacataaaa ggtggcttcg gctaccactt acagatggac 240
ccgcggcgca ttagctagtt ggtgaggtaa cggctcacca aggcgacgat gcgtagccga 300
cctgagaggg tgatcggcca cactgggact gagacacggc ccagactcct acgggaggca 360
gcagtaggga atcttccgca atggacgaaa gtctgacgga gcaacgccgc gtgagtgatg 420
aaggttttcg gatcgtaaag ctctgttgtt agggaagaac aagtgccgtt caaatagggc 480
ggcaccttga cggtacctaa ccagaaagcc acggctaact acgtgccagc agccgcggta 540
atacgtaggt ggcaagcgtt gtccggaatt attgggcgta aagggctcgc aggcggtttc 600
ttaagtctga tgtgaaagcc cccggctcaa ccggggaggg tcattggaaa ctggggaact 660
tgagtgcaga agaggagagt ggaattccac gtgtagcggt gaaatgcgta gagatgtgga 720
ggaacaccag tggcgaaggc gactctctgg tctgtaactg acgctgagga gcgaaagcgt 780
ggggagcgaa caggattaga taccctggta gtccacgccg taaacgatga gtgctaagtg 840
ttagggggtt tccgcccctt agtgctgcag ctaacgcatt aagcactccg cctggggagt 900
acggtcgcaa gactgaaact caaaggaatt gacgggggcc cgcacaagcg gtggagcatg 960
tggtttaatt cgaagcaacg cgaagaacct taccaggtct tgacatcctc tgacaatcct 1020
agagatagga cgtccccttc gggggcagag tgacaggtgg tgcatggttg tcgtcagctc 1080
gtgtcgtgag atgttgggtt aagtcccgca acgagcgcaa cccttgatct tagttgccag 1140
cattcagttg ggcactctaa ggtgactgcc ggtgacaaac cggaggaagg tggggatgac 1200
gtcaaatcat catgcccctt atgacctggg ctacacacgt gctacaatgg acagaacaaa 1260
gggcagcgaa accgcgaggt taagccaatc ccacaaatct gttctcagtt cggatcgcag 1320
tctgcaactc gactgcgtga agctggaatc gctagtaatc gcggatcagc atgccgcggt 1380
gaatacgttc ccgggccttg tacacaccgc ccgtcacacc acgagagttt gtaacacccg 1440
aagtcggtga ggtaaccttt taggagccag ccgccgaagg tgggacagat gattggggtg 1500
aagtcgtaac aaggtagccg tatcggaagg tgcggctgga tcacctcctt tctaa 1555
Claims (21)
1.一种组合物,包含芽孢杆菌属种(Bacillus spp.)菌株NRRL B-67746的生物纯培养物。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,还包含一种农业上可接受的载体。
3.一种组合物,包含芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的发酵产物,其中所述发酵产物是指发酵液、发酵液浓缩物和/或干燥发酵液或发酵液浓缩物。
4.权利要求1或3所述的组合物,还包含制剂成分。
5.权利要求4所述的组合物,其中所述制剂成分为增稠剂。
6.权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述发酵产物为发酵液浓缩物。
7.权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述发酵液浓缩物为可流动悬浮液。
8.权利要求6所述的组合物,包含至少5×1010CFU菌株/mL发酵液浓缩物。
9.权利要求1或3所述的组合物,还包含一种慢生根瘤菌属接种菌。
10.权利要求1或3所述的组合物,还包含杀真菌剂、或杀虫剂。
11.权利要求1或3所述的组合物,还包含杀线虫剂。
12.一种处理植物以增强植物生长的方法,其中所述方法包括将一种组合物施用至植物,该组合物包含芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746。
13.一种处理植物以增强植物生长的方法,其中所述方法包括将一种组合物施用至所述植物的位置,该组合物包含芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746。
14.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述组合物是芽孢杆菌属种菌株NRRL B-67746的发酵产物,其中所述发酵产物是指发酵液、发酵液浓缩物和/或干燥发酵液或发酵液浓缩物。
15.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述方法包括将所述组合物施用到种子。
16.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述组合物以每粒种子1×105至1×108菌落形成单位(CFU)的菌株NRRL B-67746的施用率施用。
17.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述组合物以每公顷1×1013至1×1015菌落形成单位(CFU)的菌株NRRL B-67746的施用率施用到土壤中。
18.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中增强植物生长是总植物生物量或植物产量增加至少1%。
19.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中增强植物生长是植物的营养吸收增加。
20.权利要求19所述的方法,其中植物的营养吸收增加是氮吸收增加。
21.权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述植物选自棉花、玉米、高粱、大豆和甜菜。
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