CN114301295A - Direct-current integrated power supply and design method thereof - Google Patents
Direct-current integrated power supply and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current integrated power supply, which comprises a direct current conversion module and a feedback circuit electrically connected with the direct current conversion module, wherein the direct current conversion module comprises at least one forward power circuit and a single-ended flyback circuit, the forward power circuit and the single-ended flyback circuit respectively comprise a PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip, the PWM control chip comprises an error amplifier with a constant current source, the feedback circuit comprises a voltage stabilizer and an optical coupler, the voltage stabilizer is used for adjusting the output voltage of the direct current conversion module, one end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the error amplifier, and the other end of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizer. It also discloses a design method of the direct current integrated power supply, which comprises the following steps: step A: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the forward power supply circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T1; and B: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the single-ended flyback circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T2; the voltage regulator can output stable voltage and can well meet the design requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated circuits, in particular to a direct current integrated circuit and a design method thereof.
Background
The integrated power supply can output various voltages and currents as necessities of electrical products, has wider and wider application range, is small as a toy and large as a spacecraft, basically has the figure of the integrated power supply, and has more and more attention on the performance of the integrated power supply.
However, the voltage output by the integrated power supply is unstable and has some error with the voltage of the rated output, so that it is difficult to provide the required power supply for high-precision equipment.
In addition, when designing an integrated power supply, those skilled in the art usually directly select the required electronic components (transformer, resistor, capacitor, etc.), which is not economical, and the selected electronic components do not necessarily satisfy the requirements of designing an integrated circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a dc integrated power supply, which can output a stable voltage and meet the design requirements well.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a direct current integrated power supply, including direct current conversion module and with direct current conversion module electric connection's feedback circuit, direct current conversion module includes at least one forward power supply circuit and a single-ended flyback circuit, forward power supply circuit with single-ended flyback circuit all includes PWM control chip, PWM control chip is including the error amplifier who has the constant current source, feedback circuit is including being used for adjusting DC conversion module's output voltage's stabiliser and opto-coupler, the one end of opto-coupler with error amplifier electric connection, the other end of opto-coupler with stabiliser electric connection.
Preferably, the forward power circuit further comprises a transformer T1, a resistor R1, a MOS transistor Q1, a diode D1, an inductor L1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the PWM control chip is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the MOSS tube Q1 through a resistor R1, the drain of the MOSS tube Q1 is electrically connected with the primary coil of the transformer T1, the source of the MOSS tube Q1 is grounded, one end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D4, the diode D2 is connected in parallel to the transformer T1 and the diode D1, the diode D3 is connected in parallel with the inductor L1 and the diode D4, and the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is also grounded.
Preferably, the single-ended flyback circuit further includes a transformer T2, a resistor R2, a MOS transistor Q2, a diode D5, and a diode D6, the PWM control chip is electrically connected to the gate of the MOSs transistor Q2 through a resistor R2, the drain of the MOSs transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the primary coil of the transformer T2, the source of the MOSs transistor Q2 is grounded, one end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D5, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D6, and the middle of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is grounded.
Preferably, the PWM control chip is an error amplifier 7F 1843.
Preferably, the feedback circuit further includes a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2, the capacitor C1, the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are connected in series, the optocoupler is electrically connected to the resistor R6, an anode of the voltage stabilizer is electrically connected to the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the voltage stabilizer, the resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the resistor R5 and the capacitor C1, the resistor R3 is grounded through the resistor R4, and an anode of the voltage stabilizer is grounded.
Preferably, the voltage regulator is a voltage regulator diode TL 431.
Preferably, the forward power circuit further comprises a demagnetization circuit, and the demagnetization circuit is connected in parallel with the transformer T1 and the MOSS tube Q1.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a design method of the direct current integrated power supply comprises the following steps:
step A: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the forward power supply circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T1;
and B: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the single-ended flyback circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T2;
and C: designing a required forward power supply circuit according to the transformer T1, and designing a required single-ended flyback circuit according to the transformer T2;
step D: and D, designing a feedback circuit according to the forward power supply circuit and the single-ended flyback circuit designed in the step C.
Further, in the step a, the number of turns of the primary coil of the transformer T1 in the forward power circuit of the dc conversion module
Number of turns of secondary coil
Wherein, UI(min)The lowest voltage, D, input to the primary winding of transformer T1maxThe maximum duty ratio of the transformer T1, and Delta B is the variation of the flux density of the primary coil of the transformer T1, AeIs the effective sectional area of the magnetic core, f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q1, Uo is the voltage output by the forward power circuit, UFIs the voltage drop of diode D1.
Further, in the step B, the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T2 in the single-ended flyback circuit in the dc conversion module is:
wherein α (max) is the maximum duty cycle of the transformer T2, vin (min) is the minimum working voltage of the transformer T2, Ipk is the maximum peak current of the primary coil of the transformer T2, and f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the direct current integrated power supply is provided with a feedback circuit and a PWM control chip, wherein the feedback circuit comprises a voltage stabilizer and an optical coupler, the voltage stabilizer is used for adjusting the output voltage of the direct current conversion module, the PWM control chip is provided with an error amplifier of a constant current source, and the error amplifier is electrically connected with the voltage stabilizer through the optical coupler to form a loop for adjusting the output voltage, so that the output voltage is more stable; in addition, the optocoupler can also play a role in isolating the direct current conversion module from the feedback circuit, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference between the direct current conversion module and the feedback circuit.
In the design method of the direct current integrated power supply, the transformer T1 and the transformer T2 can be designed independently without purchasing, so that the requirement of designing the integrated direct current power supply can be well met, and the design cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forward power circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-ended flyback circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the error amplifier of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a feedback circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a forward power supply circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a design method of the dc integrated power supply of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention discloses a dc integrated power supply, which includes a dc conversion module and a feedback circuit electrically connected to the dc conversion module, where the dc conversion module includes at least one forward power circuit and one single-ended flyback circuit, the forward power circuit and the single-ended flyback circuit both include a PWM control chip, the PWM control chip includes an error amplifier having a constant current source, the feedback circuit includes a voltage stabilizer and an optical coupler for adjusting an output voltage of the dc conversion module, one end of the optical coupler is electrically connected to the error amplifier, and the other end of the optical coupler is electrically connected to the voltage stabilizer.
In this embodiment, the dc integrated power supply is provided with a feedback circuit and a PWM control chip, the feedback circuit includes a voltage regulator and an optical coupler for adjusting the output voltage of the dc conversion module, the PWM control chip has an error amplifier with a constant current source, the error amplifier is electrically connected to the voltage regulator through the optical coupler, the PWM control chip has a constant current source, the constant current source can supplement or weaken the output voltage of the dc conversion module, and when the output voltage of the dc conversion module is smaller, the constant current source can output a voltage in the same direction as the dc conversion module, so as to increase the output voltage of the dc conversion module; when the current output by the direct current conversion module is larger, the constant current source can output the voltage opposite to the direct current conversion module, so that the voltage output by the direct current conversion module is reduced; and a loop for adjusting the output voltage can be formed, so that the voltage output by the direct current conversion module is more stable.
In addition, the optocoupler can also play a role in isolating the direct current conversion module from the feedback circuit, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference between the direct current conversion module and the feedback circuit. The PWM control chip can also control the starting and the frequency of the direct current conversion module.
As shown in fig. 1, in particular, the forward power circuit further includes a transformer T1, a resistor R1, a MOS transistor Q1, a diode D1, an inductor L1, a diode D2, a diode D3, and a diode D4, the PWM control chip is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the MOSS tube Q1 through a resistor R1, the drain of the MOSS tube Q1 is electrically connected with the primary coil of the transformer T1, the source of the MOSS tube Q1 is grounded, one end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is electrically connected to the inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D4, the diode D2 is connected in parallel to the transformer T1 and the diode D1, the diode D3 is connected in parallel with the inductor L1 and the diode D4, and the other end of the secondary winding of the transformer T1 is also grounded.
In the forward power circuit, when the MOS transistor Q1 is turned on by the PWM control chip, the current at + Vin1 flows into the primary winding of the transformer T1, passes through the MOS transistor Q1, and flows into the ground, so that the primary current is induced from the secondary winding of the transformer T1,
because of the same-name ends of the primary coil and the secondary coil, the diode D1 and the diode D4 are conducted, one main current flows through the diode D1 and then flows into the + Vout1 to form a forward voltage U0, the other main current flows into the inductor L1 from the D4 to store energy for the inductor L1 and then flows into the ground to form a reverse voltage U1; when the MOSS transistor Q1 is turned off by the PWM control chip, the inductor L1 induces an induced current, and due to the fact that the primary winding and the inductor have the same name, the diode D2 and the diode D4 are turned on, one induced current flows from the inductor L1 to the D2 and then to the + Vout1, so that a forward voltage U0 is formed, and the other induced current flows from the D4 to the inductor L1 and then to the ground, so that a reverse voltage U1 is formed. The direction of the output voltage U0 is always positive, the direction of the voltage U1 is always negative, and direct current can be input from the + Vin1, so that the function of converting DC into DC is realized, and the forward power circuit can output two different paths of voltages. So that a power supply of a large power can be output.
Since the transformer T1 is energized when the MOSS tube Q1 is turned on, the transformer T1 may generate excitation, and if the transformer T1 is not automatically cleared when the MOSS tube Q1 is turned off, the transformer T1 may be greatly damaged by the excitation after several cycles, in order to prevent such a situation, as shown in fig. 5, the forward power circuit further includes a demagnetization loop, and the demagnetization loop is connected in parallel with the transformer T1 and the MOSS tube Q1. The demagnetization circuit may be an inductor and a diode connected in series.
As shown in fig. 2, the single-ended flyback circuit further includes a transformer T2, a resistor R2, a MOS transistor Q2, a diode D5, and a diode D6, the PWM control chip is electrically connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2 through a resistor R2, the drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the primary coil of the transformer T2, the source of the MOS transistor Q2 is grounded, one end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D5, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D6, and the middle of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is grounded.
In the single-ended flyback circuit, when the MOSS tube Q2 is turned on by the PWM control chip, the current from + Vin1 flows into the primary coil of the transformer T2, passes through the MOSS tube Q1, and then flows into the ground, since the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transformer T2 are dotted terminals, the diode D5 and the diode D6 are turned off, the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is charged, and no voltage is output; when the MOSS tube Q2 is cut off by the PWM control chip, the secondary coil of the transformer T2 discharges, the diode D5 and the diode D6 are switched on, one current flows into + Vout2 through the diode D6 to form a forward voltage U3, and the other current flows into the ground through the diode D5 from-Vout 2 to form a reverse voltage U4. The direction of the output voltage U3 is always positive, the direction of the voltage U4 is always negative, and direct current can be input from the + Vin2, so that the function of converting DC into DC is realized, and the single-ended flyback circuit can output two different paths of voltages. In addition, the single-ended flyback circuit has few components, is simple and has low cost.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the PWM control chip is an error amplifier 7F 1843. As shown in fig. 4, the feedback circuit further includes a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2, the capacitor C1, the resistor R5, and the resistor R6 are connected in series, the optocoupler is electrically connected to the resistor R6, an anode of the regulator is electrically connected to the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the regulator, the resistor R3 is connected in parallel to the resistor R5 and the capacitor C1, the resistor R3 is grounded via the resistor R4, and an anode of the regulator is grounded. The voltage regulator is a zener diode TL 431.
In the feedback circuit, a 0.5mA constant current source I is arranged in the error amplifier 7F1843 and is connected with a pin (1) of the error amplifier 7F1843, an output voltage VO (comprising U1, U2, U3 and U4, wherein the VO can be respectively electrically connected with + Vout1, -Vout1, + Vout2 and-Vout 2) is fed back to the pin (1) of the error amplifier 7F1843 through a voltage stabilizing diode TL431 and an optical coupler PC817, and the output voltage can be set and adjusted by adjusting the resistance ratio of a resistor R3 and a resistor R4. If the output voltage VO rises, the current from the cathode to the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode TL431 is increased, so that the output current of a triode of the optocoupler PC817 is increased, namely the shunt of a pin (1) of the error amplifier 7F1843 to the ground is increased, the output pulse width of the error amplifier 7F1843 is correspondingly narrowed, and the output voltage VO is reduced; similarly, if the output voltage VO decreases, it can be raised by feedback regulation, thereby achieving higher voltage stabilization accuracy.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention also discloses a design method of the above dc integrated power supply, including:
step A: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the forward power supply circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T1;
and B: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the single-ended flyback circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T2;
and C: designing a required forward power supply circuit according to the transformer T1, and designing a required single-ended flyback circuit according to the transformer T2;
step D: and D, designing a feedback circuit according to the forward power supply circuit and the single-ended flyback circuit designed in the step C.
In the design method of the direct current integrated power supply, the design requirement is set by a developer, such as the maximum power of the transformer T1 is 95W, the maximum working frequency of the MOSS tubes Q1 and Q2 is 1024KHZ, and the like. The transformer T1 and the transformer T2 can be designed independently without purchasing, and design requirements cannot be met due to errors of purchased transformers and actually required transformers, so that the requirements of designing an integrated direct-current power supply are met easily, and design cost is saved.
Further, in the step a, the number of turns of the primary coil of the transformer T1 in the forward power circuit of the dc conversion module
Number of turns of secondary coil
Wherein, UI(min)The lowest voltage, D, input to the primary winding of transformer T1maxThe maximum duty ratio of the transformer T1, and Delta B is the variation of the flux density of the primary coil of the transformer T1, AeIs the effective sectional area of the magnetic core, f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q1, Uo is the voltage output by the forward power circuit, UFIs the voltage drop of diode D1; in step B, the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T2 in the single-ended flyback circuit in the dc conversion module is:
wherein α (max) is the maximum duty cycle of the transformer T2, vin (min) is the minimum working voltage of the transformer T2, Ipk is the maximum peak current of the primary coil of the transformer T2, and f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q2. The MOSS tube Q1 and the MOSS tube Q2 may be identical.
The person skilled in the art can accurately calculate the number of turns of the secondary coil and the primary coil of the transformer T1 through the above formula, and also can accurately calculate the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T2, so that the dc integrated power supply can be designed more accurately, design errors are reduced, design requirements are met, and cost is saved.
It is understood that the transformer T1 and the transformer T2 can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the above formulas.
In summary, in the present application, the dc integrated power supply improves the precision of the output voltage through the error amplifier in the feedback circuit, and the design method of the dc integrated power supply can more accurately calculate the number of turns and the inductance of the required transformer through a formula, thereby reducing the design error, better satisfying the design requirement, and saving the design cost.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A kind of direct current integrated power supply, characterized by: including direct current conversion module and with direct current conversion module electric connection's feedback circuit, direct current conversion module includes at least one forward power supply circuit and a single-ended flyback circuit, forward power supply circuit with single-ended flyback circuit all includes PWM control chip, PWM control chip is including the error amplifier who has the constant current source, feedback circuit is including being used for adjusting direct current conversion module's output voltage's stabiliser and opto-coupler, the one end of opto-coupler with error amplifier electric connection, the other end of opto-coupler with stabiliser electric connection.
2. The dc integrated power supply of claim 1, wherein: the forward power circuit further comprises a transformer T1, a resistor R1, a MOS tube Q1, a diode D1, an inductor L1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, wherein the PWM control chip is electrically connected with the gate of the MOSS tube Q1 through a resistor R1, the drain of the MOSS tube Q1 is electrically connected with the primary coil of the transformer T1, the source of the MOSS tube Q1 is grounded, one end of the secondary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected with the anode of the diode D1, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer T1 is electrically connected with the inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode D4, the diode D2 is connected with the transformer T1 and the diode D1 in parallel, the diode D3 is connected with the inductor L1 and the diode D4 in parallel, and the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer T1 is also grounded.
3. The dc integrated power supply of claim 1, wherein: the single-ended flyback circuit further comprises a transformer T2, a resistor R2, an MOS tube Q2, a diode D5 and a diode D6, the PWM control chip is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the MOSS tube Q2 through a resistor R2, the drain electrode of the MOSS tube Q2 is electrically connected with the primary coil of the transformer T2, the source electrode of the MOSS tube Q2 is grounded, one end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode D5, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is electrically connected with the anode of the diode D6, and the middle of the secondary coil of the transformer T2 is grounded.
4. The dc integrated power supply of claim 1, wherein: the PWM control chip is an error amplifier 7F 1843.
5. The dc integrated power supply of claim 1, wherein: feedback circuit still includes resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C2, electric capacity C1 resistance R5 resistance R6 series connection, the opto-coupler with resistance R6 electric connection, the positive pole of stabiliser with electric capacity C1 electric connection, electric capacity C2 with stabiliser parallel connection, resistance R3 with resistance R5 with electric capacity C1 parallel connection, resistance R3 is through resistance R4 ground connection, the positive pole ground connection of stabiliser.
6. The dc integrated power supply of claim 5, wherein: the voltage regulator is a zener diode TL 431.
7. The dc integrated power supply of claim 2, wherein: the forward power supply circuit further comprises a demagnetization loop, and the demagnetization loop is connected with the transformer T1 and the MOSS tube Q1 in parallel.
8. A design method of the direct current integrated power supply of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
step A: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the forward power supply circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T1;
and B: designing a primary coil and a secondary coil in the single-ended flyback circuit according to design requirements to form a transformer T2;
and C: designing a required forward power supply circuit according to the transformer T1, and designing a required single-ended flyback circuit according to the transformer T2;
step D: and D, designing a feedback circuit according to the forward power supply circuit and the single-ended flyback circuit designed in the step C.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in the step a, the number of turns of the primary coil of the transformer T1 in the forward power circuit of the dc conversion module
Number of turns of secondary coil
Wherein, UI(min)The lowest voltage, D, input to the primary winding of transformer T1maxMaximum duty cycle of transformer T1, Δ B is the change in flux density of the primary winding of transformer T1, AeIs the effective sectional area of the magnetic core, f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q1, Uo is the voltage output by the forward power circuit, UFIs the voltage drop of diode D1.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step B, the inductance of the primary coil of the transformer T2 in the single-ended flyback circuit in the dc conversion module is:
wherein α (max) is the maximum duty cycle of the transformer T2, vin (min) is the minimum working voltage of the transformer T2, Ipk is the maximum peak current of the primary coil of the transformer T2, and f is the working frequency of the MOSS tube Q2.
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