CN114279891B - In-situ measurement method for gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
In-situ measurement method for gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114279891B CN114279891B CN202111640356.8A CN202111640356A CN114279891B CN 114279891 B CN114279891 B CN 114279891B CN 202111640356 A CN202111640356 A CN 202111640356A CN 114279891 B CN114279891 B CN 114279891B
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ measuring method for gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery, firstly, a battery measuring system is placed on a balance, and the diversion channel is fixed at the upper opening of the battery safety valve by an iron wire, and the pitot tube stretches into the diversion channel to be 3-5mm away from the safety valve. Secondly, heating the battery to thermal runaway to obtain a gas pressure change curve and a battery quality change curve in the process; thirdly, carrying out stress analysis on the battery heated safety measurement system and the balance, and establishing a balance equation; further, a transient mass change differential equation is established, wherein the mass change of the battery in unit time is all from the mass of the dissipated gas in unit time; and finally, according to the relation between the fluid pressure and the flow rate of the pitot tube, bringing the fluid pressure and the flow rate into a transient mass conservation equation, eliminating the gas density, and obtaining the relation between the gas production rate and the instantaneous pressure, the pressure change rate and the battery mass change rate. Through the calculation of the gas production rate, the thermal runaway hazard of the lithium battery can be reduced or even eliminated, and a thermal runaway suppression system and a thermal runaway protection system matched with the thermal runaway suppression system can be designed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to an in-situ measurement method for gas production rate in a thermal runaway process of a lithium ion battery.
Background
At present, square lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely applied to important fields such as electric vehicles, energy storage power stations and the like, and meanwhile, the requirements of application scenes on the scale and the working multiplying power of the lithium ion batteries are increasingly improved. However, large-scale lithium ion batteries can generate a large amount of heat under a high-rate working state, so that the temperature of the battery is quickly increased. Because the capacity of the lithium ion battery is extremely easy to decay at high temperature, the risk of thermal runaway exists at the same time, and meanwhile, because the gas produced by the lithium ion battery is inflammable and explosive, the thermal management problem and the thermal runaway problem of the large-scale lithium ion battery under higher charge and discharge multiplying power gradually become research hot spots. Therefore, in order to mitigate or even eliminate the thermal runaway hazard of lithium ion batteries, it is necessary to design a thermal runaway suppression system and a thermal runaway protection system that match them. The precondition for both designs is the need to solve for the rate and total amount of gas produced by the target cell during operation or thermal runaway. Therefore, calculating the gas production rate of a battery is a key issue for a thermal runaway suppression system or a thermal runaway protection system for a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ measurement method for gas production rate in a thermal runaway process of a lithium ion battery, the gas production rate of the lithium ion battery in the thermal runaway process can be obtained by measuring the gas production pressure change of the lithium ion battery and the mass change of the balance through the pitot tube.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the in-situ measurement method for the gas production rate in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
fixing a tested battery, a heating plate and heat insulation cotton by using a clamp, fixing a diversion channel above a battery safety valve by using an iron wire, and stably placing the diversion channel on a balance;
Step two, the pitot tube stretches into the diversion channel, 3-5mm away from the safety valve, the heating plate is opened, and the gas pressure change curve and the mass change curve of the tested battery during gas production are recorded;
Thirdly, carrying out stress analysis on a battery test system and a balance comprising a battery to be tested, a heating plate, a flow guide channel and a clamp, establishing a balance equation and a differential equation of transient mass change, and solving the nearest relation among the mass change in unit time, the gas pressure change in unit time and the mass change curve in unit time of the battery;
And step four, establishing a relation between the fluid pressure and the fluid flow rate according to the pitot tube principle, and introducing the relation into a differential equation to obtain the relation between the gas flow rate and the instantaneous pressure, the pressure change rate and the mass change rate.
Furthermore, the diversion channel in the first step is an iron mechanical device with the length of 36.5mm, the width of 28mm and the height of 30mm, an elliptical hole with the same size as the battery safety valve is hollowed out in the center of the diversion channel so as to ensure that the airflow cross section area and the battery safety valve are the same in a pitot tube test area and the test flow rate and the outlet flow rate are the same.
Further, the pressure change curve in the second step is obtained from the time-dependent change of the pressure of the fluid region measured by the pitot tube.
Further, the mass change curve in the second step is a change curve of the mass measured by a balance with time, and the mass measured by the balance comprises the battery mass and the gas reaction force.
Further, the lithium ion battery is a square lithium iron phosphate battery.
Further, in the third step, the performing stress analysis on the battery test system and the balance specifically includes: the equilibrium equation is as follows:
MDisplayg＝PA+MActualg
G, A and P are local gravity acceleration, the sectional area of a safety valve and the instantaneous pressure of a pitot tube respectively, and M Display and M Actual are balance display mass and battery actual mass respectively;
Differential equation for transient mass change:
wherein ρ, v, A are the density, velocity, and flux of the gas generated at the instant of thermal runaway of the battery under test, respectively.
Further, the specific steps of the fourth step are as follows: according to the pitot tube principle, a relationship between fluid pressure and fluid flow rate is established as follows:
Wherein epsilon is the pitot tube coefficient, rho and v are the density, speed and P of gas generated by the thermal runaway instant of the battery respectively, and P is the pitot tube instant pressure;
Eliminating gas density, the resulting product gas velocity expression is:
The beneficial effects are that:
According to the invention, the gas production rate of the lithium ion battery in the thermal runaway process is obtained by measuring the gas production pressure change of the lithium ion battery and the mass change of the balance through the pitot tube, the gas production rate of the battery is a key problem of a thermal runaway inhibition system or a thermal runaway protection system of the lithium ion battery, and the combustion and explosion risks of the thermal runaway gas production can be effectively estimated. Through the calculation of the gas production rate, the design of the battery box body and the thermal runaway early warning system can be effectively guided, so that the thermal runaway hazard of the lithium ion battery is relieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas production measuring device of a lithium ion battery. In the figure, 1-pitot tube, 2-balance, 3-lithium ion battery, 4-heating plate, 5-diversion channel, 6-clamp and 7-heat insulation cotton.
Fig. 2 is a practical device diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a change in mass of a balance measured in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the mass change rate of the balance display measured in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing a pressure change measured in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the gas production rate change of the lithium ion battery calculated in the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the preferred embodiments in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiment one.
Example 1
Taking a certain square lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the lithium ion battery is heated at 500W, and the present invention will be described in detail. The method is established by four steps:
Fixing a tested lithium ion battery 3, a heating plate 4 and heat insulation cotton 7 by using a clamp 6, adopting a diversion channel 5 matched with the size of a lithium iron phosphate battery safety valve, fixing the diversion channel 5 above the battery safety valve by using an iron wire, screwing a nut, stably placing on a balance 2, and zeroing the balance;
And secondly, stretching the pitot tube 1 into the diversion channel 5, connecting external monitoring software 3-5mm away from the safety valve, and returning the air pressure data to 0. Opening the heating plate 4, and recording a gas pressure change curve and a mass change curve during thermal runaway of the battery;
Thirdly, carrying out stress analysis on a battery test system and a balance comprising a battery to be tested, a heating plate, a flow guide channel and a clamp, and establishing a balance equation and a differential equation of transient mass change, so as to solve the relationship among the mass change in unit time, the gas pressure change in unit time and a mass change curve in unit time of the battery;
and step four, establishing a relation between the fluid pressure and the fluid flow rate according to the pitot tube principle, and introducing the relation into a differential equation to obtain the relation between the flow rate and the instantaneous pressure, the pressure change rate and the mass change rate.
Furthermore, the diversion channel in the first step is an iron mechanical device with the length of 36.5mm, the width of 28mm and the height of 30mm, an elliptical hole with the same size as the battery safety valve is hollowed out in the center of the diversion channel so as to ensure that the airflow cross section area and the battery safety valve are the same in a pitot tube test area and the test flow rate and the outlet flow rate are the same.
Further, the pressure change curve in the second step is obtained from the time-dependent change of the pressure of the fluid region measured by the pitot tube.
Further, the mass change curve in the second step is a change curve of the mass measured by a balance with time, and the mass measured by the balance comprises the battery mass and the gas reaction force.
Further, in the third step, the performing stress analysis on the battery test system and the balance specifically includes: the equilibrium equation is as follows:
MDisplayg＝PA+MActualg
G, A and P are local gravity acceleration, the sectional area of a safety valve and the instantaneous pressure of a pitot tube respectively, and M Display and M Actual are balance display mass and battery actual mass respectively;
Differential equation for transient mass change:
wherein ρ, v, A are the density, velocity, and flux of the gas generated at the instant of thermal runaway of the battery under test, respectively.
Further, the specific steps of the fourth step are as follows: according to the pitot tube principle, a relationship between fluid pressure and fluid flow rate is established as follows:
Wherein epsilon is the pitot tube coefficient, rho and v are the density, speed and P of gas generated by the thermal runaway instant of the battery respectively, and P is the pitot tube instant pressure;
Eliminating gas density, the resulting product gas velocity expression is:
it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The in-situ measurement method for the gas production rate in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Fixing a tested battery, a heating plate and heat insulation cotton by using a clamp, fixing a diversion channel above a battery safety valve by using an iron wire, and stably placing the fixed battery, the fixed heating plate and the heat insulation cotton on a balance;
Step two, the pitot tube stretches into the diversion channel, 3-5mm away from the safety valve, the heating plate is opened, and the gas pressure change curve and the mass change curve of the tested battery during gas production are recorded;
Thirdly, carrying out stress analysis on a battery test system and a balance comprising a battery to be tested, a heating plate, a flow guide channel and a clamp, establishing a balance equation and a differential equation of transient mass change, and solving the relation among the mass change in unit time, the gas pressure change in unit time and the gas production rate change in unit time of the battery;
Step four, establishing a relation between the fluid pressure and the fluid flow rate according to the pitot tube principle, and introducing the relation into a differential equation to obtain the relation between the gas flow rate and the instantaneous pressure, the pressure change rate and the mass change rate, wherein the relation comprises the following steps:
According to the pitot tube principle, a relationship between fluid pressure and fluid flow rate is established as follows:
；
wherein, For the pitot tube coefficient,AndThe density and the gas production flow rate of the gas generated by the thermal runaway instant of the battery are respectively, and P is the pitot tube instant pressure;
Eliminating gas density, the resulting product gas velocity expression is:
；
Wherein g, A are the local gravity acceleration and the sectional area of the safety valve respectively, The mass is displayed for the balance,The density of the gas generated at the instant of thermal runaway for the cell being tested.
2. The method for in-situ measurement of gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diversion channel in the first step is an iron mechanical device with the length of 36.5mm, the width of 28mm and the height of 30mm, an elliptical hole with the same size as the battery safety valve is hollowed out in the center of the diversion channel so as to ensure that the airflow cross section area and the battery safety valve are the same in a pitot tube test area and the test flow rate and the outlet flow rate are the same.
3. The method for in-situ measurement of gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pressure change curve in the second step is obtained from the change of the pressure of the fluid area measured by the pitot tube with time.
4. The method for in-situ measurement of gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass change curve in the second step is a change curve of the mass measured by a balance with time, and the mass measured by the balance comprises the battery mass and the gas reaction force.
5. The method for in-situ measurement of gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the stress analysis on the battery test system and the balance specifically comprises the following steps: the equilibrium equation is as follows:
；
wherein g, A and P are local gravity acceleration, the sectional area of the safety valve and the pitot tube instantaneous pressure respectively, And (3) withRespectively displaying the mass and the actual mass of the battery for the balance;
Differential equation for transient mass change:
；
；
wherein, ，A is the density, gas flow rate, flow flux and flow flux of the gas generated by the battery under test at the moment of thermal runaway, namely the sectional area of the safety valve.
6. The method for in-situ measurement of gas production rate in thermal runaway process of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lithium ion battery is a square lithium iron phosphate battery.
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| CN116482545A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-25 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method and device for measuring thermal runaway jet impact force of battery |
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| CN112307686A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学技术大学 | Lithium ion battery gas production dynamics experiment modeling and calculating method |
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| CN113297738A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-24 | 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司 | Lithium ion battery thermal runaway modeling method |
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| CN210741573U (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2020-06-12 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Detection apparatus for lithium cellization becomes product gas rate |
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