CN114260350B - Hot forming method for galvanized sheet - Google Patents
Hot forming method for galvanized sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN114260350B CN114260350B CN202111382425.XA CN202111382425A CN114260350B CN 114260350 B CN114260350 B CN 114260350B CN 202111382425 A CN202111382425 A CN 202111382425A CN 114260350 B CN114260350 B CN 114260350B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The hot forming method of galvanized sheet with reduced cost and improved production efficiency comprises the following steps: a. heating the web; b. conveying the material sheet to be subjected to primary spray cooling; c. the material sheet enters a hot stamping die for secondary cooling; d. and (5) hot stamping the material sheet. According to the pre-cooling tool, a pre-cooling tool in the traditional method is omitted, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is used for spraying and cooling the transported material sheets, so that the purpose of controlling liquid zinc and further controlling cracks caused by penetration of liquid metal into a substrate is achieved. The method has the advantages of reducing the production cost by reducing the process optimization technology, namely, when the secondary spray cooling is performed, the cooling liquid is sprayed on the mold surface, and under the action of the cooling liquid sprayed on the mold surface during the subsequent stamping, the cooling of the cooling water channel in the mold is combined, so that the martensite transformation time can be shortened, the pressure maintaining time can be shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermoforming process, in particular to a galvanized sheet thermoforming method capable of reducing cost and improving production efficiency.
Background
Along with the weight reduction and the safety of automobiles, the weight of the automobiles can be effectively reduced by adopting the thermoformed parts with higher strength and stronger corrosion resistance, and the safety performance of the automobiles is improved. Accordingly, the hot formed parts of the zinc-based plating layer having excellent corrosion resistance are increasingly applied to automobile parts, and the application ratio is continuously increased. The traditional hot forming process of the galvanized sheet comprises the following three main procedures: transferring the blanking-completed material sheet into a heating furnace for austenitizing and prealloying the surface coating; transferring the material sheet into a precooling furnace for precooling after the reaction is finished, or precooling by using a flat plate die, wherein the precooling aims at reducing the temperature below the liquid phase temperature of Zn and Zn-Fe alloy; after the pre-cooling process is finished, the material sheet is transferred into a hot stamping die to carry out compression quenching. The conventional method has the problems of more procedures, high production cost and slow production beat. In another method, a heat absorption layer is coated on the surface of the material, and the heat absorption layer volatilizes when heated at high temperature so as to reduce the coating temperature and control the liquid zinc. This method also adds to the coating process and requires special coating materials, again resulting in increased process costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a hot forming method of a galvanized sheet, which is used for eliminating a pre-cooling tool in the traditional process, completing pre-cooling of the sheet by spraying cooling liquid in the sheet transferring process and controlling the temperature distribution of the sheet in a hot stamping die by spraying.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hot forming method of galvanized sheet is carried out according to the following steps:
a. heating the material sheet: transferring the blanking-completed material sheet into a heating furnace for austenitizing and prealloying a surface coating;
b. the tablets were conveyed for primary spray cooling: transferring the heated material sheet to a hot stamping die by a manipulator, spraying vaporous cooling liquid onto the surface of the material sheet by a primary cooling spray head in the transferring process, and primary cooling the material sheet to reduce the temperature of the material sheet to below the liquid temperature of Zn and Zn-Fe alloy;
c. the material sheet enters a hot stamping die for secondary cooling: after the material sheet enters the hot stamping die, closing a first-stage cooling spray nozzle, performing second-stage spray cooling, starting the second-stage cooling spray nozzle arranged at the hot stamping die, and spraying and cooling the material sheet from the upper surface and the lower surface of the cooling liquid to enable the material sheet to reach a preset temperature of 560+/-40 ℃ when the hot stamping die is assembled;
d. hot stamping the material sheet: and (3) quickly running the slide block of the press to a bottom dead center, closing the hot stamping die, and opening the die to take out the workpiece after pressure maintaining is carried out for 4-8 according to the thickness of the material sheet.
According to the hot forming method of the galvanized sheet, the primary cooling spray heads are arranged in the hot stamping die, the included angles of the plurality of primary cooling spray heads are adjusted relative to the horizontal direction, the primary cooling spray heads are arranged in an upper row and a lower row, and spraying of the primary cooling spray heads is sprayed to a manipulator transfer line through a feed inlet of the hot stamping die.
According to the hot forming method of the galvanized sheet, the secondary cooling spray heads are distributed on the upper die surface and the lower die surface, 2-4 rows of spray heads and 4-6 spray heads in each row are respectively distributed on the upper die surface and the lower die surface, each spray head is communicated with a cold water pipeline and a hot water pipeline through a branch pipeline, an electric control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline, and the opening and closing of the electric control valve is controlled by a control device.
According to the hot forming method of the galvanized sheet, the infrared thermal imager is arranged in the thermal stamping die and is connected with the control device.
According to the hot forming method of the galvanized sheet, the hot water pipeline is communicated with the hot water tank, and the electric heating pipe is arranged in the hot water tank.
According to the hot forming method of the galvanized sheet, in the initial processing stage of a batch of product pieces, after the first-stage cooled material pieces enter the hot stamping die, whether the temperature of the material pieces is proper or not is detected by the thermal infrared imager, so that the spraying quantity of the first-stage spraying cooling is adjusted according to the detected temperature, and the material pieces reach the required cooling temperature.
According to the pre-cooling tool, a pre-cooling tool in the traditional method is omitted, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is used for spraying and cooling the transported material sheets, so that the purpose of controlling liquid zinc and further controlling the liquid metal to penetrate into a matrix to cause cracks is achieved. The method adopts two-stage cooling, namely, the material sheet is subjected to primary cooling in the process of discharging from a furnace to transferring from a die, after the material sheet reaches the die, a primary cooling spray head is closed, a secondary cooling spray head is opened, and the secondary cooling spray head is arranged at the corresponding position of the upper die surface and the lower die surface, so that the temperature of the material sheet is purposefully uniformly or unevenly treated; and monitoring the temperature of the material sheet by using an infrared thermal imager, and performing hot stamping after the material sheet meets the set temperature requirement. The method has the advantages of reducing working procedures, optimizing processes and reducing production cost, namely, when the secondary spray cooling is performed, the cooling liquid is sprayed on the mold surface, and under the action of the cooling liquid sprayed on the mold surface during the subsequent stamping, the cooling of the cooling water channel in the mold is combined, so that the martensitic transformation time is shortened, namely, the pressure maintaining time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a primary spray cooling of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage spray cooling of the present invention:
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the water distribution of a two-stage spray cooling die.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1. the heating furnace, 2, manipulator transfer circuit, 3, hot stamping die, 4, first-stage cooling shower nozzle, 5, thermal infrared imager, 6, upper mould, 7, lower mould, 8, second-stage cooling shower nozzle, 9, the tablet, 10, electrothermal tube, 11, cold water pipeline, 12, hot water pipeline, 13, automatically controlled valve, 14, hot water tank.
Detailed Description
According to the method, a precooling tool of the traditional method is omitted, a precooling furnace or a flat plate die is not arranged for precooling, in the process that the material sheet is transferred by a random manipulator, the material sheet is cooled by means of cooling liquid sprayed onto the material sheet, the precooling process of the material sheet is finished, and then the material sheet conveyed into a hot stamping die is cooled by secondary spraying, so that the material sheet reaches the preset temperature for hot stamping. The specific procedures of the method of the present invention are described below in connection with the examples:
(1) Heating the web: transferring the blanking-completed material sheet into a heating furnace, heating to 890+/-10 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 1-4min according to the thickness of the material sheet to carry out austenitizing and prealloying of the surface coating.
(2) The web was transported to a first stage spray cooling: referring to fig. 1, a heated material sheet is taken out of a heating furnace 1 by a robot and transferred to a hot stamping die 3. The first-stage cooling spray heads are arranged in the hot stamping die, the first-stage cooling spray heads are arranged in an upper row and a lower row, the included angle of each first-stage cooling spray head relative to the horizontal direction is adjusted, so that the spray of the first-stage cooling spray heads is sprayed to the manipulator transfer circuit 2 through the feed inlet of the hot stamping die, in the process of transferring the material sheets, the mist cooling liquid is always sprayed to the surfaces of the material sheets, the material sheets are pre-cooled, the pre-cooling temperature of the material sheets is controlled by controlling the quantity and the spraying time of cooling atomizing medium, and therefore, the liquid zinc is controlled and eliminated, a specific process window is met, the temperature of the material sheets is reduced to below 782 ℃ of the liquid temperature of Zn and Zn-Fe alloy, and the temperature of the material sheets is preferably 700 ℃ when reaching the hot stamping die.
(3) And (3) the material sheet enters a hot stamping die for secondary cooling: referring to fig. 2, the web is subjected to secondary spray cooling after entering the hot stamping die 3. And closing the primary cooling spray nozzle, opening the secondary cooling spray nozzle 8 arranged on the die surfaces of the upper die 6 and the lower die 7 of the hot stamping die, and spraying and cooling the cooling liquid from the upper surface and the lower surface to the material sheet 9, so that the material sheet reaches the preset temperature of 560+/-40 ℃ when the hot stamping die is assembled. The thermal stamping die is internally provided with a thermal infrared imager 5 which is connected with a control device to display the temperature of the material sheet in real time so as to control the closing and stopping of the secondary cooling spray head. Referring to fig. 3, the secondary cooling spray heads 8 are embedded in the upper die surface and the lower die surface, and are respectively distributed in 2-4 rows of 4-6 spray heads per row. Fig. 3 shows the water distribution of the two-stage spray cooling die by taking the lower die as an example. Each spray head 8 is respectively communicated with a cold water pipeline 11 and a hot water pipeline 12 through branch pipelines, the cold water pipeline is connected with an external water source, the hot water pipeline is communicated with a hot water tank 14, the hot water tank is arranged outside the hot stamping die, an electric heating pipe 10 is arranged in the hot water tank, and a temperature controller is arranged in the electric heating pipe. Each branch pipeline is provided with an electric control valve 13, and the opening and closing of the electric control valve is controlled by a control device. If the performance of the whole material piece part is required to be uniform, the spraying strength and the spraying temperature of the cooling liquid of each secondary cooling spray head are adjusted to be consistent; if parts with different intensities (such as soft areas) are needed to be obtained, the secondary cooling spray heads corresponding to the soft areas can be closed, or the secondary cooling spray heads corresponding to the soft areas spray high-temperature water mist. In fig. 3, the shaded part of the material sheet 9 is a soft area, and an electric control valve on a branch water path of the secondary cooling spray head corresponding to the soft area is used for closing cold water or completely closing the cold water and the hot water. And a secondary cooling is established, and the cooling medium sprayed to the die surface and a cooling water path in the die can synchronously quench the hot stamping part, so that the martensitic transformation efficiency is improved. The part of the spray heads cooled by the second stage can spray high-temperature atomized liquid, and the corresponding cooling water channels in the die are closed, so that martensite is not formed in the area on the material sheet after the punching is finished, and a soft area is formed; the two-stage spray nozzle sprays a region of low-temperature cooling liquid, a cooling water channel is arranged on a corresponding die, martensite is formed in the region on the material sheet after stamping is completed, namely a hard region is formed, and thus the material sheet meets the requirements of different strength of different regions after hot stamping. The work of the secondary cooling spray heads is determined according to temperature feedback measured by the infrared thermal imager, namely the infrared thermal imager acquires the temperature distribution of the surface of the plate and transmits the data to the PLC control system, so that the work of the spray heads corresponding to each region of the material sheet is controlled.
(4) Hot stamping the web: when the material sheet reaches the set temperature (560+/-40 ℃), the slide block of the press is quickly moved to the bottom dead center, the hot stamping die is closed, and the die is opened and the workpiece is taken out after pressure is maintained for 4-8 seconds according to the thickness of the material sheet for hot stamping. If the material sheets with the same thickness adopt the normal hot forming quenching method, the corresponding dwell time is 6-10s, and the material sheets are shortened by 2s after adopting the process.
The first-stage cooling spray heads and the second-stage cooling spray heads are all atomizing spray heads.
In the initial stage of processing a batch of product pieces, the method needs to be debugged first, and determines whether the temperature of the first-stage spray-cooled material sheet meets the requirement, namely, whether the temperature detected by the thermal infrared imager after entering a hot stamping die is proper or not is determined, so that the spray quantity of the first-stage spray cooling is adjusted according to the detected temperature, and the required cooling temperature is achieved.
The method integrates the cooling process, optimizes the hot forming quenching process, reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency.
Claims (1)
1. A hot forming method of galvanized sheet, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of:
a. heating the material sheet: transferring the blanking-completed material sheet into a heating furnace for austenitizing and prealloying a surface coating;
b. the tablets were conveyed for primary spray cooling: transferring the heated material sheet to a hot stamping die by a manipulator, spraying vaporous cooling liquid onto the surface of the material sheet by a primary cooling spray head in the transferring process, and primary cooling the material sheet to reduce the temperature of the material sheet to below the liquid temperature of Zn and Zn-Fe alloy;
c. the material sheet enters a hot stamping die for secondary cooling: after the material sheet enters the hot stamping die, closing a first-stage cooling spray nozzle, performing second-stage spray cooling, starting the second-stage cooling spray nozzle arranged at the hot stamping die, and spraying and cooling the material sheet from the upper surface and the lower surface of the cooling liquid to enable the material sheet to reach a preset temperature of 560+/-40 ℃ when the hot stamping die is assembled;
d. hot stamping the material sheet: the sliding block of the press is quickly operated to a bottom dead center, a hot stamping die is closed, and the die is opened and a piece is taken out after pressure is maintained for 4-8 seconds according to the thickness of a material sheet;
the first-stage cooling spray heads are arranged in the hot stamping die, the included angles of the plurality of first-stage cooling spray heads are adjusted relative to the horizontal direction, the first-stage cooling spray heads are arranged in an upper row and a lower row, and spray of the first-stage cooling spray heads is sprayed to the manipulator transfer line through a feed inlet of the hot stamping die;
the secondary cooling spray heads are distributed on the upper die surface and the lower die surface, 2-4 rows of spray heads and 4-6 spray heads in each row are respectively distributed on the upper die surface and the lower die surface, each spray head is communicated with a cold water pipeline and a hot water pipeline through a branch pipeline, an electric control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline, and the opening and closing of the electric control valve is controlled by a control device;
each secondary cooling spray head (8) is respectively communicated with a cold water pipeline (11) and a hot water pipeline (12) through branch pipelines, the cold water pipeline is connected with an external water source, the hot water pipeline is communicated with a hot water tank (14), the hot water tank is arranged outside a hot stamping die, an electric heating pipe (10) is arranged in the hot water tank, and if the performance of the whole material piece part is required to be uniform, the spraying intensity and the spraying temperature of cooling liquid of each secondary cooling spray head are adjusted to be consistent; if the unequal strength is required to be obtained, the secondary cooling spray heads corresponding to the soft areas can be closed, or the secondary cooling spray heads corresponding to the soft areas spray out high-temperature water mist and seal the cooling water channels in the corresponding dies, so that martensite is not formed in the areas on the material sheet after the punching is finished, and the strength is lower, namely the soft areas are formed; the second-stage cooling spray nozzle sprays a region of low-temperature cooling liquid, a cooling water channel is arranged on a corresponding die, martensite is formed in the region on the material sheet after stamping is finished, namely a hard region is formed, and thus the material sheet meets the requirements of different strength of different regions after hot stamping; an infrared thermal imager is arranged in the thermal stamping die and is connected with a control device; the work of the secondary cooling spray heads is determined according to temperature feedback measured by the infrared thermal imager, namely the infrared thermal imager acquires the temperature distribution of the surface of the plate and transmits the data to the PLC control system, so that the work of the spray heads corresponding to each region of the material sheet is controlled; in the initial stage of processing a batch of product pieces, debugging is needed first, and the temperature of the first-stage spray-cooled material sheet is determined to meet the requirement, namely whether the temperature detected by the infrared thermal imager after entering the hot stamping die is proper or not is determined, so that the spray quantity of the first-stage spray cooling is adjusted according to the detected temperature, and the required cooling temperature is achieved.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111382425.XA CN114260350B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Hot forming method for galvanized sheet |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111382425.XA CN114260350B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Hot forming method for galvanized sheet |
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| CN114260350A CN114260350A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
| CN114260350B true CN114260350B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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| CN116623100A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-22 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Steel plate for stamping and preparation method thereof, stamping part and preparation method thereof |
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