CN114264839A - Rotating body rotating speed measuring method applying accelerometer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a rotating body rotating speed measuring method applying an accelerometer, relating to the technical field of rotating speed detection and comprising the following steps executed by a computer: intercepting output signals of a plurality of rotation periods of two vertical sampling channels of an accelerometer in a rotator signal processing module, and performing down-sampling on the output signals to serve as original data; removing zero drift of the data; calculating the number of the rotation cycles corresponding to the section of data by acquiring the number of the zero points corresponding to the data without the zero drift; and calculating the rotating speed of the rotating body by combining the rotation period number of the intercepted data and the corresponding time length. The invention provides a convenient and rapid rotating body rotating speed measuring method, has higher practicability and provides a new solution for rotating body rotating speed measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotating speed detection, in particular to a rotating body rotating speed measuring method applying an accelerometer.
Background
In the automation equipment and production automation process in various fields such as traffic, electric power, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials and the like, the rotating speed of the rotating body is an important reference, for example, the rotating speed needs to be measured in the conditions of elevator lifting, machine tool drill rotating speed, numerical control machine tool position movement and the like.
The rotating speed measuring method can be divided into two types, one type is a direct method, namely, the mechanical movement of a machine or a motor is directly observed, and the number of turns of the machine rotating in a specific time is measured, so that the rotating speed of the mechanical movement is measured; the other type is indirect, i.e. measuring changes in other physical quantities due to mechanical rotation, and deriving the rotational speed from the relationship between these changes in physical quantities and the rotational speed. Meanwhile, whether the velocimeter is in contact with the rotating shaft or not can be divided into contact type and non-contact type.
The commonly used rotating speed measuring methods at present comprise:
1. the photoelectric code disc speed measuring method is a non-contact speed measuring method for measuring the rotating speed of a motor by measuring the frequency or the period of a rotating speed signal. The photoelectric code disc is installed on the end shaft of the rotor, along with the rotation of the motor, the photoelectric code disc also rotates along with the rotation of the motor, a fixed light source irradiates on the code disc, the light is received by the photosensitive element, and the number of times of receiving the light is the code number of the code disc. The rotational speed is calculated from the number of codes, the measured time and the number of pulses measured. But the photoelectric code disc has the defects of sensitivity to strong light, low rotating speed measurement precision and the like.
2. The Hall element speed measuring method is characterized in that a Hall switch element is used for measuring the rotating speed, and the Hall switch element internally comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit, a Hall potential generator, an amplifier, a Schmitt trigger and an output circuit. The output level is compatible with the TTL level, a disc is arranged on a motor rotating shaft, a plurality of pairs of small magnetic steels are arranged on the disc, the more the small magnetic steels are, the higher the resolution ratio is, the Hall switch is fixed near the small magnetic steels, when the motor rotates, when one small magnetic steel rotates over the Hall switch, namely the magnetic induction intensity changes, the Hall switch outputs a pulse, the pulse number in unit time is calculated, and the rotating speed of the rotating body can be determined. If the rotating speed of the measured object is too slow, the period of the magnetic induction strengthening change is larger than the period of the reading pulse signal, and the measurement is inaccurate.
3. The centrifugal speed measuring method measures the rotating speed by utilizing the centrifugal force generated when an object rotates, when a rotating shaft of the centrifugal tachometer rotates along with the object to be measured, a weight on a centrifuge leaves from an axis under the action of inertial centrifugal force, and a transmission system drives a pointer to rotate. When the reaction moment of the spring on the pointer is balanced with the inertia centrifugal moment, the pointer stops at the scale value indicated after deflection, and the scale value is the measured rotating speed value. However, when measuring the rotating speed, the end of the tachometer needs to be inserted into the central hole of the rotating shaft of the motor, the shaft of the tachometer needs to be concentric with the shaft of the motor, otherwise the reading is easily influenced.
4. The tachogenerator measures the rotating speed by utilizing the relationship that the armature electromotive force of the direct current generator is in direct proportion to the rotating speed of the generator. When the rotating speed is measured, the tachogenerator is connected to the shaft end of the measured motor, the mechanical rotating speed of the measured motor is converted into a voltage signal to be output, and the output end of the tachogenerator is connected with a voltmeter with scales and the rotating speed as a unit, so that the rotating speed can be read. But it is usually designed to have a low magnetic flux density and must be secured in a linear region to ensure that the rotational speed is proportional to the electromotive force generated.
5. The flash speed measuring method is characterized in that a special power supply with adjustable pulse frequency is applied to a flash lamp, the light of the flash lamp is irradiated to a rotating part of a motor, when the pulse frequency is adjusted to enable a black sector to be stationary, the pulse frequency is synchronous with the rotating speed, and the rotating speed of the motor can be obtained by calculating the pulse frequency. However, the flash velocimetry can only measure high rotation speed, but cannot measure low rotation speed.
In summary, most of the existing rotating body rotating speed measuring methods have the problems of unsatisfactory measuring effect, harsh measuring conditions and difficulty in realization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for measuring a rotating speed of a rotating body using an accelerometer, in which an accelerometer is eccentrically installed in a signal processing module of the rotating body to rotate along with the rotating body, so as to output an acceleration waveform signal detected by the accelerometer in real time. The zero point drift processing is carried out on the output signals, so that zero points exist in data of each rotation period (namely, a waveform curve is processed to be located near an x axis all the time), the number of the rotation periods of the rotating body is obtained, and the real-time rotating speed is calculated by combining the sampling time length. So as to conveniently, quickly and accurately measure the rotating speed of the rotating body.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for measuring the rotating speed of a rotating body by using an accelerometer, wherein the accelerometer is eccentrically arranged in a signal processing module of the rotating body, and the accelerometer rotates along with the rotating body when the rotating body rotates, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring original data which are acquired by the accelerometer in a preset time sequence length and used for calculating the rotating speed;
calculating the rotation period number of the accelerometer corresponding to the original data;
and calculating the rotating speed of the rotating body based on the number of the accelerometer rotating cycles and the length of the time sequence.
Further, calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data, including:
removing zero drift of an accelerometer output signal from the original data;
calculating the zero points in the data after the zero point drift is removed, and counting the sum of the number of the zero points;
and calculating the accelerometer rotation period number corresponding to the raw data based on the sum of the number of the zero points.
Further, removing zero drift of accelerometer output signals from the raw data, comprising:
acquiring a maximum value M and a minimum value M of the original data to obtain a drift K ═ M/2;
and removing the zero drift Z-Y-K in the original data, wherein Y represents the original data.
Further, calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data based on the sum of the number of zeros includes:
setting Z as 0, and calculating the sum h of the zero number of the data after removing the zero drift Z;
and calculating the accelerometer rotation period number n as h/2, and if h% 2 is not equal to 0, n as n + 1.
Further, calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data, including:
and acquiring the number of maximum or minimum points in the original data, and taking the number of the maximum or minimum points as the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the original data.
Further, acquiring raw data collected by the accelerometer in a predetermined time sequence length for calculating the rotation speed comprises:
intercepting output waveform signals of two vertical sampling channels of the accelerometer in a preset time sequence length in real time;
and performing down-sampling on the output waveform signal to obtain original data for calculating the rotating speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention only relates to a simple and universal detection element and a calculation method, and provides a universal scheme for conveniently and quickly measuring the rotating speed of a rotating body. The method is applied to the rotating speed measurement of the rotating body, not only has ideal effect and small difference between the measured rotating speed and the prior art, but also is easier to realize, saves the installation space and the measurement cost, and is a new problem solving idea.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the rotational speed of a rotating body using an accelerometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a set of original signal waveforms in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a signal waveform diagram of the signal waveform of fig. 2 after removing zero drift in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for measuring a rotating speed of a rotating body using an accelerometer according to an embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer is used as an instrument for measuring acceleration, has the characteristics of excellent integration and deviation stability, and also has the characteristics of low cost, low voltage output and environmental parameter change sensitivity, and is widely applied to automation equipment and production automation processes in various fields such as transportation, electric power, metallurgy, chemical industry and building materials. The rotating speed of the rotating body is an important reference, such as the conditions of elevator lifting, the rotating speed of a machine tool bit, the position movement of a numerical control machine tool and the like, which need to measure the rotating speed. According to the invention, the accelerometer is eccentrically arranged in the signal processing module of the rotating body, when the rotating body rotates, the accelerometer rotates along with the rotating body, data obtained by the accelerometer is collected, and then calculation is carried out to obtain the real-time rotating speed of the rotating body. Preferably, the accelerometer is a single-axial accelerometer, and the single-axial accelerometer is low in price, convenient to apply, small in required installation space, high in data output sensitivity, stable in performance under normal working conditions and the like, and is commonly used for measuring parameters such as inclination angles and acceleration of equipment. The calculation process mainly comprises the following steps executed by the computer:
s1: and acquiring original data Y for calculating the rotating speed under the length of the preset time sequence.
Wherein, S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s11: intercepting output waveform signals of two vertical sampling channels of an accelerometer in a plurality of rotation periods (corresponding to the time sequence with the length of t) in real time;
s12: and performing down-sampling on the sampling data to obtain original data Y for calculating the real-time rotating speed.
The acceleration values of the acquired raw data are shown in table 1, and the data waveform curves are shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 1
S2: removing zero drift data in the original data, and performing zero calculation on the data after the zero drift is removed;
when the accelerometer rotates, zero drift exists in an output signal of the accelerometer due to the fact that eccentric installation errors always exist. And removing the data from the original data, so that the data without zero point drift can be subjected to zero point calculation. S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: obtaining the maximum value M and the minimum value M of the data, and obtaining the drift K which is (M + M)/2;
s22: and removing the zero drift Z of the data, namely Y-K.
In this embodiment, accelerometer waveform data with t ═ 1s is obtained, and after the above steps, the acceleration value table after the zero point drift removal is shown in table 2 below, and the value after the zero point drift removal is plotted as a curve as shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 2
S3: and calculating the sum of the zero number of the data after the zero drift is removed, and solving the accelerometer rotation period number corresponding to the data.
Wherein, S3 includes the following steps:
s31: setting Z as 0, and solving the sum h of the zero numbers of the data after zero drift is removed as 5;
s32: the number of the periods n is h/2 is 2, and h% 2 is 1, and n is n +1 is 3, that is, the data has 3 accelerometer rotation periods in total.
S4: calculating the rotating speed of the rotating body by the length t of the time sequence corresponding to the sampling sample of the accelerometer being 1s
In another embodiment, the number of maximum or minimum points of the original data may be directly obtained, instead of directly taking the number of maximum or minimum points as the number n of sampling data periods in steps S2 and S3.
In the embodiment of the invention, only simple and universal detection elements and a calculation method are involved when the real-time rotating speed of the rotating body is measured, and a universal scheme for conveniently and quickly measuring the rotating speed of the rotating body is provided. The method is applied to the rotating speed measurement of the rotating body, not only has ideal effect and small difference between the measured rotating speed and the prior art, but also is easier to realize, saves the installation space and the measurement cost, and is a new problem solving idea.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the rotating speed of a rotating body by using an accelerometer is characterized in that the accelerometer is eccentrically arranged in a signal processing module of the rotating body, and the accelerometer rotates along with the rotating when the rotating body rotates, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring original data which are acquired by the accelerometer in a preset time sequence length and used for calculating the rotating speed;
calculating the rotation period number of the accelerometer corresponding to the original data;
and calculating the rotating speed of the rotating body based on the number of the accelerometer rotating cycles and the length of the time sequence.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data comprises:
removing zero drift of an accelerometer output signal from the original data;
calculating the zero points in the data after the zero point drift is removed, and counting the sum of the number of the zero points;
and calculating the accelerometer rotation period number corresponding to the raw data based on the sum of the number of the zero points.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of eliminating the zero drift of the output signal of the accelerometer from the raw data comprises:
acquiring a maximum value M and a minimum value M of the original data to obtain a drift K ═ M/2;
and removing the zero drift Z-Y-K in the original data, wherein Y represents the original data.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data based on the sum of the number of zeros comprises:
setting Z as 0, and calculating the sum h of the zero number of the data after removing the zero drift Z;
and calculating the accelerometer rotation period number n as h/2, and if h% 2 is not equal to 0, n as n + 1.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the raw data comprises:
and acquiring the number of maximum or minimum points in the original data, and taking the number of the maximum or minimum points as the number of accelerometer rotation cycles corresponding to the original data.
6. The method for measuring the rotating speed of a rotating body using an accelerometer according to claim 1, wherein obtaining raw data collected by the accelerometer for a predetermined time sequence length for calculating the rotating speed comprises:
intercepting output waveform signals of two vertical sampling channels of the accelerometer in a preset time sequence length in real time;
and performing down-sampling on the output waveform signal to obtain original data for calculating the rotating speed.
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| WO2005026744A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Nsk Ltd. | Rotation speed detection device and rolling bearing unit load measurement device |
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- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111652956.6A patent/CN114264839A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005026744A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Nsk Ltd. | Rotation speed detection device and rolling bearing unit load measurement device |
| CN101634659A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-27 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Rotating speed or speed measuring device and detection method based on accelerometer |
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| CN107561306A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-09 | 湖南纬拓信息科技有限公司 | Winding motor rotating speed measurement method based on rotor current |
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Application publication date: 20220401 |