CN114220569B - Compact ball bed high temperature gas cooled reactor primary loop device - Google Patents
Compact ball bed high temperature gas cooled reactor primary loop device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114220569B CN114220569B CN202111334718.0A CN202111334718A CN114220569B CN 114220569 B CN114220569 B CN 114220569B CN 202111334718 A CN202111334718 A CN 202111334718A CN 114220569 B CN114220569 B CN 114220569B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
- G21C13/024—Supporting constructions for pressure vessels or containment vessels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
- G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/10—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from reflector or thermal shield
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/253—Promoting flow of the coolant for gases, e.g. blowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a compact primary loop device of a pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor, which comprises a pressure vessel, a graphite reflecting layer, an active reactor core, a heat exchange unit and a helium main fan. The steam generator is arranged in the pressure vessel, so that the pressure boundary range of a loop is reduced, and the volume of the loop is reduced; the heat exchanger is provided with the hot helium header, and the hot helium is gathered and then uniformly conveyed to the heat exchange unit, so that the heat transmission of the primary loop and the secondary loop is realized; the physical isolation of hot helium and cold helium in a loop is realized, and parts bearing high pressure are isolated from the hot helium entity, so that the requirement on the material performance of equipment is lowered; according to the invention, the heat-insulating layer covers the inside of the hot helium circulation channel, so that the surface temperature of a high-temperature component is further limited; the method can reduce the manufacturing cost of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, realize the compact arrangement of a primary circuit, and does not reduce the requirement on the inherent safety of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor engineering, in particular to a compact primary loop device of a ball bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor.
Background
The pebble bed type high-temperature gas cooled reactor is an advanced nuclear reactor which has good inherent safety and can be used for high-efficiency power generation and high-temperature heat supply, and is one of the first-choice reactor types in the fourth generation nuclear energy system in the international nuclear energy field. The existing primary circuit of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor adopts a three-shell design, wherein a reactor pressure vessel, a hot gas guide pipe shell and a steam generator shell are used as three main devices of a primary circuit pressure-bearing boundary.
The three main devices of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor have complex structures, high manufacturing cost and inconvenient installation. The invention provides a primary loop arrangement scheme of a compact ball bed type high temperature gas cooled reactor, which solves the problems that the temperature of a reactor core of the high temperature gas cooled reactor is high, the thermal expansion amount is large, the deformation is large, the primary loop sealing scheme is complex and the like due to the arrangement of three shells.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
In order to realize the compact arrangement of a primary circuit of the ball bed type high-temperature gas cooled reactor, reduce the parts of the primary circuit and lower the construction cost, the invention provides a primary circuit arrangement scheme of the compact ball bed type high-temperature gas cooled reactor.
An embodiment of an aspect of the present application provides a loop device for a compact pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled reactor, including: the reactor comprises a pressure vessel, a graphite reflecting layer, an active reactor core, a heat exchange unit and a helium circulator, wherein the graphite reflecting layer, the heat exchange unit, a feeding device and a discharge pipe are arranged in the pressure vessel through a supporting structure; a cold helium gas pore channel and a cavity for placing an active reactor core are formed in the graphite reflecting layer, a feed hole for connecting a feeding device and a hot helium gas outlet for outputting hot helium gas are formed in the upper end of the graphite reflecting layer, and the lower end of the graphite reflecting layer is connected with a discharge pipe; the active reactor core is placed in a cavity formed by the graphite reflecting layer; the heat exchange unit is arranged in an annular cavity formed by the supporting structure and the pressure container, and a hot helium outlet is communicated with the heat exchange unit; the main helium fan is arranged at the top of the pressure container, an impeller chamber of the main helium fan is connected into a cold helium channel through a cold helium conveying pipe, the cold helium channel is communicated with the active reactor core through an opening at the bottom of the graphite reflecting layer, hot helium passing through the active reactor core is introduced into the heat exchange unit, and cold helium from the heat exchange unit flows upwards and is converged in the impeller chamber of the main helium fan to continue to circulate.
In some embodiments, the supporting structure comprises a supporting cylinder body, an upper supporting plate and a lower supporting plate, the upper end and the lower end of the supporting cylinder body are respectively fixed in the pressure vessel through the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate, the graphite reflecting layer and the active reactor core are placed in the supporting cylinder body, the heat exchange unit is fixed in a ring cavity formed by the supporting cylinder body and the pressure vessel through a supporting rib plate, the feeding device is installed on the upper supporting plate, the discharge pipe is installed on the lower supporting plate, the lower supporting plate is fixedly connected to a supporting grid through a supporting rod, and the supporting grid is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel.
In some embodiments, the hot helium outlet is connected to a hot helium header through a two-in-one hot helium connector, and the hot helium header is connected to the heat exchange unit through a hot helium delivery pipe.
In some embodiments, a plurality of layers of spiral coils for heat exchange are arranged in the heat exchange unit, two loops of coolant flow through the spiral coils, the lower parts of the spiral coils are connected with the inlet pipe nozzles, the upper parts of the spiral coils are connected with the outlet pipe nozzles through the outlet header, and cold helium gas after heat exchange of the heat exchange unit flows into a gap between the heat exchange unit and the annular cavity and flows upwards to be gathered in an impeller chamber of the main helium fan.
In some embodiments, each layer of spiral coil is supported on the inner wall of the heat exchange unit through a support bar.
In some embodiments, the top of the pressure vessel is provided with a control rod drive mechanism and an absorption ball drive mechanism, the upper support plate is also provided with a control rod guide pipe and an absorption ball storage tank, a plurality of control rod guide holes and absorption ball falling holes are formed in the graphite reflecting layer and close to the active core, the upper parts of the control rod guide holes are communicated with the control rod guide pipe, the control rod drive mechanism is connected with and drives control rods, and the control rods are sequentially inserted into the control rod guide pipe and the control rod guide holes; the upper end of the absorption ball guide pipe is communicated with the bottom opening of the absorption ball storage tank, the lower end of the absorption ball guide pipe is communicated with an absorption ball falling hole, absorption balls in the absorption ball storage tank flow into the absorption ball falling hole, an absorption ball returning tank communicated with the absorption ball falling hole is arranged at a supporting grid below the absorption ball returning tank, the absorption ball returning tank is connected to the absorption ball storage tank through an absorption ball pneumatic conveying pipe, and the absorption ball driving mechanism is connected with and drives a falling ball plug so as to control the opening and closing of the bottom opening of the absorption ball storage tank.
In some embodiments, the control rod guide holes and the absorption ball drop holes are arranged one turn around the active core and are spaced apart.
In some embodiments, the feeding device comprises two feeding pipes and a feeding main pipe which are communicated with each other, one end of each feeding pipe is connected with a fuel feeding hole nozzle on the top cover of the pressure vessel, the other ends of the two feeding pipes are communicated with the feeding main pipe in a gathering manner, and the feeding main pipe is communicated with the feeding holes.
In some embodiments, the feed header and discharge tube are vertically coaxial.
In some embodiments, the hot helium header, the outlet header, and the heat exchange unit are each covered with insulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The steam generator is arranged in the pressure vessel, so that the pressure boundary range of a loop is reduced, and the volume of the loop is reduced;
2) The heat exchanger is provided with the hot helium header, the hot helium is gathered and then uniformly conveyed to the heat exchange unit, and the heat transmission of the first loop and the second loop is realized;
3) The invention realizes the physical isolation of the hot helium and the cold helium in the primary loop, and isolates the part bearing high pressure from the hot helium entity, thereby reducing the requirement on the material performance of the equipment;
4) According to the invention, the heat-insulating layer covers the inside of the hot helium circulation channel, so that the surface temperature of a high-temperature component is further limited;
5) The manufacturing cost of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor can be reduced, the compact arrangement of a primary circuit is realized, and the requirement on the inherent safety of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is not reduced.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from and readily appreciated by reference to the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary loop apparatus of a compact pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of portion C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of portion D of FIG. 1;
reference numerals:
1-primary helium fan, 2-control rod drive mechanism, 3-control rod nozzle, 4-fuel feed orifice nozzle, 5-pressure vessel, 6-feed header, 7-control rod guide tube, 8-hot helium header, 9-outlet header, 10-outlet nozzle, 11-heat exchange unit, 12-active core, 13-control rod guide hole, 14-cold helium tunnel, 15-spiral coil, 16-support rib, 17-graphite reflector, 18-support cylinder, 19-inlet nozzle, 20-discharge tube, 21-absorption ball backsphere tank, 22-support grid, 23-support rod, 24-lower support plate, 25-discharge hole, 26-absorption ball drop hole, 27-feed hole, 28-hot helium outlet, 29-two-in-one hot helium nozzle, 30-absorption ball guide tube, 31-upper support plate, 32-absorption ball delivery tube, 33-absorption ball storage tank, 34-drop ball plug, 35-feed tube, 36-cold helium delivery tube, 37-absorption ball drive mechanism, 38-absorption ball drive mechanism, 39-discharge nozzle, and 40-helium delivery tube; 41-impeller chamber.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a device and a method for processing a high temperature gas cooled reactor throttling assembly mounting interface according to an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a loop apparatus of a compact pebble-bed high temperature gas cooled reactor, including: the system comprises a pressure container 5, an active reactor core 12, a graphite reflecting layer 17, a supporting structure, a helium main blower 1, a feeding device, a discharge pipe 20, a heat exchange unit 11, a control rod system, an absorption ball system, a hot helium gas header 8 and an outlet header 9.
The pressure vessel 5 is made of steel, and high-pressure helium gas is filled in the pressure vessel to serve as a reactor core coolant. The supporting structure is made of metal and is arranged in the steel pressure container 5. The lower part of the support structure is fixedly connected with the pressure vessel 5 by the support grid 22, and the weight of the internals is transferred to the pressure vessel 5. The supporting grid 22 is welded into a grid shape by steel plates, a thickened flat plate is welded at the upper part, and the bottom part is in a circular arc shape and is matched with the shape of the bottom seal head of the pressure container 5. The top cover and the bottom seal head of the pressure container 5 are both arc-shaped.
The support structure comprises a support cylinder 18, an upper support plate 31 and a lower support plate 24, wherein the graphite reflecting layer 17 and the active core 12 are placed in the support cylinder 18, and the support cylinder 18 is used for limiting the displacement of the graphite reflecting layer 17 under the impact working condition. An upper supporting plate 31 is fixed at the upper end of the supporting cylinder 18 and is used for installing a feeding device, a control rod guide pipe 7, an absorption ball storage tank 33 and the like. The lower end of the supporting cylinder 18 is fixed with a lower supporting plate 24, and the graphite reflecting layer 17 is arranged on the lower supporting plate 24 and is positioned with the lower supporting plate 24 through tenons. The lower support plate 24 is fixedly connected to the support grid 22 through a support rod 23, the lower support plate 24 is a splicing plate, and the plates are connected through bolts.
The graphite reflecting layer 17 is internally provided with a cold helium duct 14 and a cavity for placing the active core 12, the active core 12 is placed in the cavity formed by the graphite reflecting layer 17, and the active core 12 is columnar. A feeding hole 27 used for being connected with a feeding device and a hot helium outlet 28 used for outputting hot helium are formed in the upper end of the graphite reflecting layer 17, and the lower end of the graphite reflecting layer 17 is connected with the discharging pipe 20.
The cold helium duct 14 is located at the outer ring of the graphite reflecting layer 17 and is used for helium circulation to cool the active core 12. The upper part of the cold helium duct 14 is connected with the outlet of the main helium fan 1 through a cold helium conveying pipe 36 to form a cold helium flow channel. The main helium fan 1 pressurizes the cold helium gas gathered at the top of the pressure container 5 through the rotation of the fan blades and then sends the pressurized cold helium gas into a cold helium gas conveying pipe 36, so that the in-pile circulation flow of the helium gas is realized.
The helium circulator 1 is arranged at the top of the pressure vessel 5, an impeller chamber 41 of the helium circulator 1 is connected into the cold helium duct 14 through the cold helium conveying pipe 36, and the cold helium duct 14 is communicated with the active core 12 through an opening at the bottom of the graphite reflecting layer 17.
The hot helium outlet 28 is connected with the hot helium header 8 through a two-in-one hot helium connecting pipe 29, and the hot helium header 8 is connected with the heat exchange unit 11 through a hot helium conveying pipe 40. The hot helium header 8 is mounted on top of the graphite reflective layer 17 and is located below the upper support plate 31.
The heat exchange unit 11 is arranged in an annular cavity formed by the support structure and the pressure container 5, the heat exchange unit 11 is connected and positioned with the support cylinder 18 through the support rib plates 16, and the lower part of the heat exchange unit 11 is arranged on the support grid 22. The heat exchange unit 11 is internally provided with a plurality of layers of spiral coils 15 for heat exchange, two loops of coolant flow in the spiral coils 15, and each layer of spiral coils 15 is supported on the inner wall of the heat exchange unit 11 through supporting bars. Every layer of the spiral coil pipe 15 is provided with a plurality of pipelines, every layer of the spiral coil pipe 15 is coaxial, and the spiral directions of the adjacent two layers of the coil pipes are opposite. The lower part of the spiral coil 15 is connected with an inlet nozzle 19, and the upper part of the spiral coil 15 is connected with an outlet header 9. The outlet header 9 is mounted on the upper part of the spiral coil 15 and is connected with the outlet nozzle 10 on the upper part of the pressure vessel 5 through 4 outlets. The inside of the hot helium header 8, the outlet header 9 and the heat exchange unit 11 are all covered with heat preservation layers, and are isolated from the external low-temperature helium environment.
The outer ring of the graphite reflecting layer 17 is provided with 15 groups of control rod guide holes 13 and 15 groups of absorption ball drop holes 26 near the active core 12 for inserting control rod bodies and absorption balls. The control rod guide holes 13 and the absorption ball drop holes 26 are arranged one turn around the active core 12, and the control rod guide holes 13 and the absorption ball drop holes 26 are arranged at intervals. The control rod guide pipe 7 is installed on the upper portion of the control rod guide hole 13, the control rod guide pipe 7 is connected to the control rod nozzle 3 on the top cover of the pressure vessel 5, the control rod drive mechanism 2 is installed on the upper portion of the top cover of the pressure vessel 5 and is in butt joint with the control rod nozzle 3, the control rods are sequentially inserted into the control rod guide pipe 7 and the control rod guide hole 13, and the control rod drive mechanism 2 is connected with and drives the control rods. An absorption ball conduit 30 is installed above the absorption ball dropping hole 26, and the absorption ball conduit 30 is connected to an absorption ball storage tank 33. An absorption ball storage tank 33 is mounted on the upper support plate 31, and the absorption ball storage tank 33 is opened at a lower portion thereof and connected to the absorption ball guide pipe 30. The lower part of the ball dropping plug 34 closes the opening of the absorption ball storage tank 33, and the upper part of the ball dropping plug 34 is connected to an absorption ball driving mechanism 38 at the top of the pressure vessel 5. The absorption ball driving mechanism 38 is connected to and drives the ball dropping plug 34 to control opening and closing of the bottom opening of the absorption ball storage tank 33. When the absorption ball driving mechanism 38 drives the ball dropping plug 34 to move upward, i.e., opens the opening at the bottom of the absorption ball storage tank 33, so that the absorption balls drop; when the absorption ball driving mechanism 38 drives the ball dropping plug 34 to move downward, the opening at the bottom of the absorption ball storage tank 33 is closed. The state of the ball dropping plug 34 shown in fig. 1 is a closed state. The suction ball driving mechanism 38 is installed on the upper portion of the top cover of the pressure vessel 5 to be butted against the suction ball nozzle 37. The absorption balls in the absorption ball storage tank 33 flow into the absorption ball dropping hole 26, the absorption ball recovery tank 21 communicating with the absorption ball dropping hole 26 is attached to the lower support grid 22, and the absorption ball recovery tank is connected to the absorption ball storage tank 33 through an absorption ball pneumatic transfer pipe 32.
In some specific embodiments, the absorbent ball storage tank 33 is mounted at the edge of the upper support plate 31 without affecting the arrangement of the feeding device. The absorption ball return tank 21 is provided at a position below the absorption ball storage tank 33 so that the absorption ball pneumatic transfer pipe 32 is in a vertical state.
The discharge hole 25 at the bottom of the graphite reflecting layer 17 is connected with the discharge nozzle 39 of the pressure vessel 5 through the discharge pipe 20. The discharge tube 20 is mounted to a lower support plate 24.
The feeding device is installed on the upper supporting plate 31 and comprises two feeding pipes 35 and a feeding main pipe 6 which are mutually communicated, one end of each feeding pipe 35 is connected with a fuel feeding hole nozzle 4 on the top cover of the pressure container 5, the other ends of the two feeding pipes 35 are gathered and communicated with the feeding main pipe 6, and the feeding main pipe 6 is communicated with the feeding hole 27.
In some embodiments, the junction between two feeding pipes 35 and one feeding manifold 6 is fixed to the upper end of the upper support plate by a fixing device, which can serve to reinforce the feeding device.
In some embodiments, the manifold 6, inlet openings 27, discharge tubes 20, discharge openings 25, and discharge nozzles 39 are vertically coaxial to provide smoother fuel element feeding and discharging.
In some specific embodiments, the number of the feeding pipes 35 is not limited to 2, and the feeding pipes are finally collected in the feeding main pipe 6, and the inner diameter of the feeding main pipe 6 needs to be larger than that of the feeding pipes 35. It should be noted that, according to practical situations, the feeding pipe 35 should not be installed too much, which is likely to cause the blockage of the feeding main pipe 6.
In some embodiments, the feed header 6 and discharge tube 20 are centrally located throughout the pressure vessel 5.
Under normal operating conditions, spherical fuel elements enter the feed pipe 35 through the fuel feeding hole nozzle 4, are converged at the feed header 6 at the feeding device, enter the active core 12 through the feed hole 27, and are fed into the core fission reaction. During discharge, the fuel elements of the active core 12 enter the discharge tube 20 through the discharge openings 25 and pass through the discharge nozzle 39 into the discharge apparatus. The flow of the fuel elements is shown by the black arrows in fig. 1.
The main helium fan 1 sucks cold helium gas into the impeller chamber 41, and after the impeller works on the cold helium gas, the cold helium gas is pressurized and enters the cold helium gas conveying pipe 36. Cold helium gas enters the graphite reflecting layer 17 through the cold helium gas conveying pipe 36, enters the active core 12 along the cold helium gas duct 14, and hot helium gas which is subjected to heat removal through fission reaction is discharged out of the core from a hot helium gas outlet 28 formed in the top of the graphite reflecting layer 17. The hot helium gas exhausted from the core is collected in the hot helium header 8 through a two-in-one hot helium nozzle 29. The collected hot helium gas flows into the heat exchange unit 11 through the hot helium gas delivery pipe 40, and exchanges heat with the two-loop medium flowing in the spiral coil 15. The temperature of the helium gas after heat exchange is reduced, the helium gas enters a gap between the heat exchange unit 11 and the annular cavity through an opening at the bottom of the heat exchange unit 11 and flows upwards, and the helium gas is gathered at the top of the pressure container 5 and then is sucked into an impeller chamber 41 of the main helium fan 1 to continue circulation. The flow of primary coolant (helium) is indicated by the light grey arrows in fig. 1.
The bottom of the pressure container 5 is provided with 20 inlet nozzles 19 which are connected with a spiral coil 15 in the heat exchange unit 11 through heat exchange tubes, and the top of the spiral coil 15 is connected with an outlet header 9 through the heat exchange tubes. The outlet header 9 extends through the pressure vessel 5 via four outlet nozzles 10. Under normal working conditions, the coolant of the second loop enters the pressure vessel 5 through the inlet nozzle 19, heat exchange is carried out between the coolant of the second loop and the helium of the first loop in the spiral coil 15, and the temperature of the coolant of the second loop is increased after heat exchange. The high temperature two-circuit coolant is collected in the top outlet header 9 and then flows out of the pressure vessel 5 through 4 outlet nozzles 10 and returns to the two-circuit. The flow of the two-circuit coolant is shown by the dotted arrows in fig. 1.
The flow direction of the helium gas, i.e. the direction of the grey arrow, can be seen by the enlarged schematic view of fig. 4. Meanwhile, the structure of the part between the hot helium outlet 28 and the heat exchange unit 11 can be seen more clearly, the heat exchange unit 11 is connected and positioned with the support cylinder 18 through the support rib plates 16, and the heat exchange unit 11 is internally provided with a plurality of layers of spiral coils 15 for heat exchange. The hot helium outlet 28 is connected with the hot helium header 8 through a two-in-one hot helium connecting pipe 29, and the hot helium header 8 is connected with the heat exchange unit 11 through a hot helium conveying pipe 40. A hot helium header 8 is mounted on top of the graphite reflector layer 17. The upper part of the spiral coil 15 is connected to the outlet header 9. The outlet header 9 is arranged at the upper part of the spiral coil 15, the outlet nozzle 10 is arranged at the position close to the upper part of the pressure vessel 5, and the outlet header 9 is connected with the outlet nozzle 10.
The flow direction of the helium gas, i.e. the direction of the grey arrow, can be seen by the enlarged schematic view of fig. 5. While the structure of the lower part of the support structure can also be seen more clearly, the lower support plate 24 is fixedly connected to the support grid 22 by means of the support rods 23, and the absorbent ball pneumatic conveying pipe 32 is located outside the support cylinder 18, i.e. in a position between the support cylinder 18 and the heat exchange unit 11.
The compact type primary circuit device of the ball bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor has the following characteristics:
1. the heat exchange unit and the active reactor core are located in the same pressure vessel, and are physically isolated from the active reactor core through the supporting structure, so that the safe operation of the active reactor core can be ensured, the number of primary loop equipment is reduced, and the economical efficiency of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor is improved.
2. Helium in contact with the steel pressure container is cold helium, and a loop of hot helium is isolated from a pressure-bearing boundary, so that the high-temperature-resistant requirement of the steel pressure container is lowered.
3. The inside of the hot helium channel formed by the metal parts is covered with the heat-insulating layer, so that the surface temperature of the steel parts is reduced, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the hot helium channel is low.
4. The pressure of the two loops is higher than that of helium of the first loop, so that when the spiral coil is damaged, the radioactivity of the first loop cannot leak to the two loops.
5. The helium circulator is arranged at the top of the steel pressure container, so that the helium circulator is convenient to overhaul, dismount and mount.
6. The fuel elements can realize continuous loading and unloading without shutdown and refueling.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the second feature or the first and second features may be indirectly contacting each other through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may be directly on or obliquely above the second feature, or simply mean that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A loop device of a compact ball-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a pressure container, a graphite reflecting layer, a heat exchange unit, a feeding device and a discharge pipe, wherein the pressure container is internally provided with the graphite reflecting layer, the heat exchange unit, the feeding device and the discharge pipe through a supporting structure;
the device comprises a graphite reflecting layer, a discharge pipe and a feeding device, wherein a cold helium gas pore passage and a cavity for placing an active reactor core are formed in the graphite reflecting layer;
the active core is placed in a cavity formed by the graphite reflecting layer;
the heat exchange unit is arranged in an annular cavity formed by the supporting structure and the pressure container, and a hot helium outlet is communicated with the heat exchange unit; and
the main helium fan is arranged at the top of the pressure container, an impeller chamber of the main helium fan is connected into a cold helium gas channel through a cold helium gas conveying pipe, the cold helium gas channel is communicated with the active core through an opening at the bottom of the graphite reflecting layer, hot helium gas passing through the active core is introduced into the heat exchange unit, and the cold helium gas from the heat exchange unit flows upwards and is converged in the impeller chamber of the main helium fan to continue to circulate;
the supporting structure comprises a supporting cylinder body, an upper supporting plate and a lower supporting plate, the upper end and the lower end of the supporting cylinder body are respectively fixed in the pressure vessel through the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate, a graphite reflecting layer and an active reactor core are placed in the supporting cylinder body, a heat exchange unit is fixed in a ring cavity formed by the supporting cylinder body and the pressure vessel through a supporting rib plate, a feeding device is installed on the upper supporting plate, a discharging pipe is installed on the lower supporting plate, the lower supporting plate is fixedly connected to a supporting grid through a supporting rod, and the supporting grid is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel;
the hot helium outlet is connected with a hot helium header through a two-in-one hot helium connecting pipe, and the hot helium header is connected with the heat exchange unit through a hot helium conveying pipe.
2. The compact pebble bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor primary circuit device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of layers of spiral coils for heat exchange are arranged in the heat exchange unit, two loops of coolant flow through the spiral coils, the lower parts of the spiral coils are connected with inlet nozzles, the upper parts of the spiral coils are connected with the outlet nozzles through outlet headers, and cold helium gas after heat exchange of the heat exchange unit flows into a gap between the heat exchange unit and the annular cavity and flows upwards to be gathered in an impeller chamber of the main helium fan.
3. The primary loop apparatus of the compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor of claim 2, wherein each layer of the spiral coil is supported on the inner wall of the heat exchange unit by a support bar.
4. The compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor primary circuit device of claim 1, wherein a control rod drive mechanism and an absorption ball drive mechanism are installed at the top of the pressure vessel, a control rod guide tube and an absorption ball storage tank are further installed on the upper support plate, a plurality of control rod guide holes and absorption ball falling holes are formed in the graphite reflecting layer and close to the active reactor core, the upper parts of the control rod guide holes are communicated with the control rod guide tube, the control rod drive mechanism is connected with and drives control rods, and the control rods are sequentially inserted into the control rod guide tubes and the control rod guide holes; the upper end of the absorption ball guide pipe is communicated with the bottom opening of the absorption ball storage tank, the lower end of the absorption ball guide pipe is communicated with an absorption ball falling hole, absorption balls in the absorption ball storage tank flow into the absorption ball falling hole, an absorption ball returning tank communicated with the absorption ball falling hole is arranged at a supporting grid below the absorption ball returning tank, the absorption ball returning tank is connected to the absorption ball storage tank through an absorption ball pneumatic conveying pipe, and the absorption ball driving mechanism is connected with and drives a falling ball plug so as to control the opening and closing of the bottom opening of the absorption ball storage tank.
5. The compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor loop apparatus of claim 4, wherein the control rod guide holes and the absorption ball drop holes are arranged around the active core in a circle and are spaced apart.
6. The compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor primary loop device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the feeding device comprises two feeding pipes and a feeding main pipe which are communicated with each other, one end of each feeding pipe is connected with a fuel feeding hole nozzle on a top cover of the pressure vessel, the other ends of the two feeding pipes are communicated with the feeding main pipe in a gathering manner, and the feeding main pipe is communicated with the feeding holes.
7. The compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor primary loop apparatus of claim 6, wherein the feed header and the discharge tube are coaxial in a vertical direction.
8. The loop device of the compact pebble bed high temperature gas cooled reactor according to claim 2, wherein the inside of the hot helium header, the outlet header and the heat exchange unit are covered with heat insulation layers.
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| CN117079842B (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2024-06-04 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | High-temperature gas cooled reactor side gap flow blocking device |
| CN117292855B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2024-08-23 | 华能核能技术研究院有限公司 | Ball bed type high temperature gas cooled reactor emergency shutdown device based on absorption ball |
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