CN114225050B - 炔雌醇环糊精复合物的制备及应用 - Google Patents
炔雌醇环糊精复合物的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114225050B CN114225050B CN202210112575.7A CN202210112575A CN114225050B CN 114225050 B CN114225050 B CN 114225050B CN 202210112575 A CN202210112575 A CN 202210112575A CN 114225050 B CN114225050 B CN 114225050B
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- cyclodextrin
- beta
- ethinylestradiol
- pharmaceutical composition
- diethylenetriamine
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Abstract
本发明公开了炔雌醇环糊精复合物的制备及应用,所述炔雌醇环糊精复合物利用环糊精的内腔疏水外表面亲水的性质增加了同为炔雌醇药物的水溶性,大大增加了炔雌醇的溶解度,提高了非水溶性炔雌醇的生物利用度,为改变炔雌醇的给药方式、炔雌醇的均相注射提供可能性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物领域,涉及炔雌醇环糊精复合物的制备及应用。
背景技术
炔雌醇(ethinylestradiol)是一种强效的口服雌激素类药物,化学名称为3-羟基-19-去甲-17α-孕甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯-20-炔-17-醇,分子式为C20H24O2,分子量296.4,其为白色或奶白色结晶性粉末。炔雌醇溶于丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙醚、氯仿、二氧六环、植物油及氢氧化钠溶液,几乎不溶于水,无气味。炔雌醇可用于补充雌激素不足,治疗女性性腺功能不良、闭经、更年期综合征等;用于晚期乳腺癌(绝经期后妇女)、晚期前列腺癌的治疗;与孕激素类药合用,能抑制排卵,可作避孕药;还用于治疗小儿隐睾症及雄激素过多、垂体肿瘤等。
水溶性差是甾体类化合物的共性问题,而药物的生物利用度与药物的水溶性成正比。目前对于雌激素类药物增溶,最常见的是对黄体酮药物的增溶,主要是以β-环糊精或羟丙基-β-环糊精为主体分子制备主客体包合物,并未见使用环糊精增加黄体酮溶解度的报道。提高炔雌醇药物的水溶性和生物利用度,增加其稳定性,降低口服剂量是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是针对目前炔雌醇的溶解度差,不稳定,药效不能得到很好的发挥等问题,提供了环糊精/炔雌醇复合物,旨在提高疏水性药物炔雌醇的水溶性,从而提高炔雌醇药物的生物利用度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明具体采用如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括炔雌醇和环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,炔雌醇和环糊精相互作用形成包合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精或其衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,β-环糊精衍生物选自乙二胺-β-环糊精、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精、四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,所述β-环糊精衍生物选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,环糊精与炔雌醇具有1:1的化学计量。
在一些实施方案中,炔雌醇和环糊精相互作用形成包合物的方法如下:
将环糊精溶解去离子水中,加入炔雌醇和助溶剂后加热搅拌;随后在室温下继续搅拌后于4℃过夜;过滤,干燥得到白色固体粉末。
在一些实施方案中,加热温度为40℃。
在一些实施方案中,所述助溶剂为乙醇。
在一些实施方案中,所述干燥为冷冻干燥。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,炔雌醇和环糊精相互作用形成包合物的方法如下:将环糊精溶解于10mL 40℃的去离子水中,加入0.085g炔雌醇和1ml乙醇助溶剂后在40℃下搅拌1h。随后停止加热,在室温下继续搅拌3h后放入4℃冰箱中过夜。12h后过滤上述溶液,将滤液冷冻干燥12h,得到白色固体粉末二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体。
本发明第二方面提供了一种环糊精/炔雌醇复合物的制备方法,所述制备方法如下:
将环糊精溶解去离子水中,加入炔雌醇和助溶剂后加热搅拌;随后在室温下继续搅拌后于4℃过夜;过滤,干燥得到白色固体粉末。
在一些实施方案中,加热温度为40℃。
在一些实施方案中,所述助溶剂为乙醇。
在一些实施方案中,所述干燥为冷冻干燥。
在一些实施方案中,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精或其衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,β-环糊精衍生物选自乙二胺-β-环糊精、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精、四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,所述β-环糊精衍生物选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的制备方法如下:
1)将β-环糊精溶于氢氧化钠溶液中,得到碱性β-环糊精溶液;
2)将甲苯磺酰氯溶于乙腈中,滴加到上述的碱性β-环糊精溶液中,调节PH获得悬浮液,冷冻获得沉淀,干燥获得6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精;
3)将6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加热,加入碘化钾和二乙烯三胺,将混合物在氮气保护下高温搅拌,然后冷却至室温收集沉淀,干燥得到二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,2)中用盐酸调节PH至5~7。
在一些实施方案中,2)中所述悬浮液4℃下冷冻过夜获得沉淀。
在一些实施方案中,2)中沉淀使用乙醇进行洗涤。
在一些实施方案中,2)中在50℃下干燥获得6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,3)中将混合物在氮气保护下于70℃搅拌。
在一些实施方案中,3)中混合物在氮气保护下于70℃搅拌7h。
在一些实施方案中,3)中使用抽滤法收集沉淀。
在一些实施方案中,3)中沉淀在50℃下真空干燥。
在具体的实施方案中,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的制备方法如下:
将重结晶后的β-环糊精溶于氢氧化钠水溶液中,搅拌大约30min,得到碱性β-环糊精溶液。然后将对甲苯磺酰氯溶于乙腈中,滴加到上述的β-环糊精溶液中。室温搅拌2.0h后,用盐酸调节溶液pH至5~7,所得悬浮液在4℃下冷冻过夜,使沉淀物完全沉淀。然后过滤收集白色沉淀,用大量乙醇溶液洗涤。得到的所有沉淀在50℃下干燥12h,得到纯白色固体6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精。将6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加热至70℃,然后加入碘化钾和二乙烯三胺,将混合物在氮气保护下70℃搅拌7h。所得到的淡黄色溶液在冷却至室温后用乙醇洗涤,用抽滤法将白色沉淀分离出来并收集,所得固体在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到白色固体粉末二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精溶解度可达到600g/L。
本发明第三方面提供了一种增加炔雌醇溶解度、改善炔雌醇释放性能的方法,使用环糊精包合炔雌醇;
在一些实施方案中,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精或其衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,β-环糊精衍生物选自乙二胺-β-环糊精、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精、四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精;
在一些实施方案中,所述β-环糊精衍生物选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精;
在一些实施方案中,环糊精包合炔雌醇的方法如下:
将环糊精溶解去离子水中,加入炔雌醇和助溶剂后加热搅拌;随后在室温下继续搅拌后于4℃过夜;过滤,干燥得到白色固体粉末。
在一些实施方案中,加热温度为40℃。
在一些实施方案中,所述助溶剂为乙醇。
在一些实施方案中,所述干燥为冷冻干燥。
本发明第四方面提供了如下任一项所述的应用:
1)本发明第一方面所述的药物组合物在制备避孕药物中的应用;
2)本发明第一方面所述的药物组合物在制备治疗妇科疾病药物中的应用;
3)本发明第一方面所述的药物组合物在制备治疗妇科疾病合并闭塞性脑血管疾病药物中的应用;
4)环糊精在增加炔雌醇的溶解度中的应用。
在一些实施方案中,所述环糊精选自β-环糊精或其衍生物。
在一些实施方案中,β-环糊精衍生物选自乙二胺-β-环糊精、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精、四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精。
在一些实施方案中,所述β-环糊精衍生物选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
在本发明中,“包合物”与“复合物”可以互换使用。
在本发明中,术语“药学上可接受的载体”通常是指药学上可接受的组合物,诸如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、制造助剂(例如,润滑剂、滑石镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸锌、或者硬脂酸)、或者用于将活性剂引入体内的溶剂包封材料。在与制剂的其他成分相容和对患者无害的意义上,每种载体必须是“可接受的”。可以用于本发明的药物组合物的合适的水性和非水性载体的实例包括例如水、乙醇、多元醇(诸如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)、植物油(诸如橄榄油)、和可注射有机酯(诸如油酸乙酯)以及它们的合适的混合物。可以例如通过使用包衣材料(诸如卵磷脂),就分散体而言通过维持所需的粒度以及通过使用表面活性剂来维持适当的流动性。
各种辅助剂(诸如润湿剂、乳化剂、润滑剂(例如,十二烷基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁)、着色剂、隔离剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂)也可以包含在药物组合物中。药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的一些实例包括:(1)水溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;和(3)金属螯合剂,诸如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。在一些实施方案中,所述药物制剂包含赋形剂,所述赋形剂选自例如纤维素、脂质体、胶束形成剂(例如,胆汁酸)和聚合物载体(例如,聚酯和聚酸酐)。除活性化合物之外,混悬剂还可以含有助悬剂,诸如,例如乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄芪胶以及它们的混合物。防止微生物对活性化合物的作用可以通过纳入各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚山梨酸等)来确保。将等渗剂(诸如糖、氯化钠等)包括于组合物中也可以是所期望的。
适用于口服施用的本发明的制剂可以是胶囊剂、扁囊剂、丸剂、片剂、锭剂(使用调味剂,通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶)、粉末剂、颗粒剂形式、或作为于水性或非水性液体的溶液剂或悬浮剂、或作为水包油或油包水液体乳剂、或作为酏剂或糖浆、或作为软锭剂(使用惰性基质,诸如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)和/或作为漱口水等,每种形式含有预定量的本发明的化合物作为活性成分。活性化合物也可以以大丸剂、药糖剂或糊剂形式施用。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法通常包括将本发明的化合物与载体和任选地一种或多种辅助剂掺合的步骤。就固体剂型(例如,胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂、含片剂等)而言,活性化合物可以与细分的固体载体掺合,并且通常诸如通过造丸、压片、制粒、粉化或包衣来成型。通常,固体载体可以包括例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,和/或以下中的任一者:(1)填充剂或增量剂,诸如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)保湿剂,诸如甘油;(4)崩解剂,诸如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠;(5)缓溶剂,诸如石蜡;(6)吸收促进剂,诸如季铵化合物和表面活性剂,诸如泊洛沙姆和十二烷基硫酸钠;(7)润湿剂,诸如,例如鲸蜡醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和非离子表面活性剂;(8)吸收剂,诸如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,诸如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸以及它们的混合物;(10)着色剂;以及(11)控释剂,诸如交聚维酮或乙基纤维素。就胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂而言,药物组合物也可以包含缓冲剂。在使用赋形剂(诸如乳糖或奶糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等)的软壳和硬壳的明胶胶囊中还可以采用类似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂。
可以通过压制或模制,任选地使用一种或多种辅助成分来制备片剂。可以使用粘合剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,淀粉乙醇酸钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂来制备压缩片剂。
片剂和活性剂的其他固体剂型,诸如胶囊、丸剂和颗粒剂,可以任选地使用包衣和壳(诸如肠溶包衣和药物配制领域熟知的其他包衣)来刻痕或制备。剂型还可以配制为使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素(以提供所期望的释放曲线)、其他聚合物基质、脂质体和/或微球体来提供在其中的活性成分的缓释或控释。或者,剂型可以被配制用于快速释放,例如冻干。
通常,剂型必须是无菌的。为此,可以通过例如用细菌截留过滤器过滤,或通过掺入无菌固体组合物形式的灭菌剂来对剂型进行灭菌,所述无菌固体组合物可以在使用前溶于无菌水或一些其他无菌注射介质中。
液体剂型通常是活性剂的药学上可接受的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂或酏剂。除活性成分之外,所述液体剂型可以含有本领域常用的惰性稀释剂,诸如,例如,水或其他溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,诸如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(具体而言,棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯以及它们的混合物。
特别用于局部或透皮施用的剂型可以是例如粉末剂、喷雾剂、软膏剂、糊剂、霜剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、溶液剂或贴剂的形式。所述活性化合物可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的载体,以及可能必要的任何防腐剂、缓冲剂或推进剂一起混合。除本发明的活性化合物之外,局部或透皮剂型还可以含有一种或多种赋形剂,诸如选自以下的那些赋形剂:动物和植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、有机硅、膨润土、硅酸、滑石和氧化锌以及它们的混合物。喷雾剂还可以含有常规推进剂,诸如氯氟烃和挥发性未取代的烃(诸如丁烷或丙烷)。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
本发明首次制备了环糊精/炔雌醇的复合物尤其是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物,可将炔雌醇的溶解度提高100倍左右,从而提高非水溶性药物炔雌醇的生物利用度,为改变炔雌醇的给药方式、炔雌醇的均相注射提供可能性。
本发明用胺分子将β-环糊精改性得到了一种水溶性更好的、更为廉价的环糊精衍生物作为包合用的主体分子,不仅增加了β-环糊精的溶解度也增加了β-环糊精与炔雌醇的结合位点。
附图说明
图1是不同主体分子包合能力检测图;其中,1a是不同β-环糊精衍生物/炔雌醇复合物的液相色谱图;1b是炔雌醇的标准曲线图;1c是不同β-环糊精衍生物/炔雌醇复合物中的炔雌醇峰面积;1d是不同β-环糊精衍生物/炔雌醇复合物中的炔雌醇浓度。
图2是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的红外光谱图。
图3是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇氢核磁共振图。
图4是不同物质的扫描电镜图,其中,4a是炔雌醇扫描电镜图;4b是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的扫描电镜图;4c是物理混合物的扫描电镜图;4d是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇扫描电镜图。
图5是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇体系相溶解度图。
图6是不同物质的分子模拟3D模型图,其中,6a是β-环糊精/炔雌醇;6b是乙二胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇;6c是二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇;6d是三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇;6e是四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇;6f是羟丙基-β-环糊精/炔雌醇。
图7是药物释放曲线图;其中,7a是随着时间变化的吸光度;7b是随着时间变化的相对吸光度。
图8是黄体酮的液相色谱检出图;其中8a是黄体酮标准物液相色谱检出图;8b是二乙烯三胺环糊精/黄体酮复合物的液相色谱检出图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照厂商所建议的条件实施检测。
实施例环糊精/炔雌醇复合物的制备以及功能检测
一、实验材料
β-环糊精购自淄博千汇生物科技有限公司。二乙烯三胺和对甲苯磺酰氯(99%)购自阿拉丁公司(中国上海)。氢氧化钠、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和乙腈由中国天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司提供。碘化钾购自天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司。色谱研究选用了美国密立博公司的超纯水和中国天津富宇精细化工有限公司的色谱级甲醇。所有其他试剂和溶剂均为分析级,并按照安全要求使用,无需进一步纯化。
二、实验方法
1、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的制备
1)二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精制备
将0.054mol重结晶后的β-环糊精溶于8.4mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液中,搅拌大约30min,得到碱性β-环糊精溶液。然后将0.058mol对甲苯磺酰氯溶于30mL乙腈中,滴加到上述的β-环糊精溶液中。室温搅拌2.0h后,用盐酸调节溶液pH至5~7,所得悬浮液在4℃下冷冻过夜,使沉淀物完全沉淀。然后过滤收集白色沉淀,用大量乙醇溶液洗涤。得到的所有沉淀在50℃下干燥12h,得到9.2g纯白色固体6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精。将1.59×10-3mol的6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精溶于5mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加热至70℃,然后加入0.025g碘化钾和0.73g的二乙烯三胺,将混合物在氮气保护下70℃搅拌7h。所得到的淡黄色溶液在冷却至室温后用100mL乙醇洗涤,用抽滤法将白色沉淀分离出来并收集,所得固体在50℃下真空干燥12h,得到白色固体粉末二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精,其溶解度可达到600g/L。
2)二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物的制备
将二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精溶解于10mL 40℃的去离子水中,加入0.085g炔雌醇和1ml乙醇助溶剂后在40℃下搅拌1h。随后停止加热,在室温下继续搅拌3h后放入4℃冰箱中过夜。12h后过滤上述溶液,将滤液冷冻干燥12h,得到白色固体粉末二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物。
2、不同主体分子包合能力研究
为比较各种β-环糊精衍生物包合能力的不同,将质量相同的各种包合物分别分散到1mL 65%甲醇溶液中,采用高效液相色谱法测定相同质量的复合物中所含炔雌醇的量以及炔雌醇的标准曲线。其中色谱柱为C18硅胶柱、流动相为65%的甲醇水溶液、柱温为20℃、检测波长为280nm。
3、结构表征
1)FT-IR分析检测炔雌醇、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、炔雌醇和二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的物理混合物、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物的红外光谱图。
Bruker Vertex 70,德国布鲁克分析有限公司。测试条件:扫描范围4000-400cm-1,分辨率4.000cm-1,扫描次数128次,衰减全反射技术测定。
2)1H NMR分析通过氢核磁共振分析得出炔雌醇、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇复合物的质子周围微环境的变化情况。
核磁氢谱(1H-NMR):AVANCE III 400MHz,德国布鲁克分析有限公司。
测试条件:溶剂d6-DMSO,扫描16次。
3)电镜扫描通过扫描电镜对粉末的表面形貌和成分进行检测。
仪器型号:Jeol JSM-6100。倍数500倍。
4、计算二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的包合常数
利用高效液相色谱绘制出相溶解度图测定二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的包合常数。
色谱柱为C18硅胶柱、流动相为65%的甲醇水溶液、柱温为20℃、检测波长为280nm。
5、检测环糊精衍生物与刚性炔雌醇的亲和力。
运用分子动力学模拟软件GROMACS,对于不同环糊精与炔雌醇形成的不同的复合物体系模拟,进行亲和能、相对偏差等数据的分析。
6、药物释放曲线的检测
为了考察二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与纯炔雌醇在血液中释放能力的差异,检测模拟血液环境中二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与纯炔雌醇的药物释放能力,绘制药物释放曲线。方法如下:
在体外模拟血液环境的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.4)中,考察二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与纯炔雌醇在血液中释放能力的差异,于1,2,4,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,24,36,60,85,110,135,160,180,210,230,250h取样。用分光光度计721型测定吸光度。
7、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精包合甾醇激素的溶解度检测
按照1中所述的方法制备二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/黄体酮复合物,使用高效液相色谱法测定二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/黄体酮的溶解度。
流动相:甲醇:水(70:30v/v)
流量:0.9mL min-1
进样量:20μL
柱温:30℃
检测波长:241nm
仪器:Agilent 1290InfinityⅡ,
色谱柱:Supersil ODS2 5μm,4.6mm×250mm
三、实验结果
不同主体分子的包合能力如图1所示,所有样品溶液具有相似的吸收峰和相同的保留时间,保留时间为10.4min(1a),与纯炔雌醇相同,表明炔雌醇存在于各种包合物中。然而每个吸收峰的面积是不同的。可以看出,在这些等质量的包合物中,炔雌醇的含量不同,说明不同的β-环糊精衍生物对炔雌醇的包合能力不同。通过比较吸收峰面积,发现二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的色谱峰面积最大(1c)。进一步确定所包合的炔雌醇量,绘制了炔雌醇浓度与色谱峰面积的标准曲线(1b),线性方程为:y=9.5547+2.26(R2=0.9987)。如图1d所示,在相同质量浓度的包合物溶液中,包合在二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中的炔雌醇最大溶解度为496mg/L。通过比较乙二胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇和二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中炔雌醇浓度可知:胺链长度的适量增加可以提高炔雌醇的包合度,表明适当的增长胺链可以增加结合位点的数量。但随着胺链长度的进一步增加,炔雌醇的包合量随β-环糊精衍生物质量的增加而降低,说明胺链长度不断增加并不能提供更多有用的结合位点,反而会降低炔雌醇包合量的质量比。与常见的羟丙基-β-环糊精/炔雌醇相比,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇所包覆的炔雌醇质量更高,说明二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的主客体之间具有更高的亲和能和更强的相互作用力,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的增溶能力强于常见的羟丙基-β-环糊精。
红外光谱结果如图2所示,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精在3000cm-1-3600cm-1之间有明显的吸收,属于O-H和N-H的伸缩振动,2925cm-1处的吸收带属于C-H的伸缩振动。炔雌醇的红外光谱图中在3293cm-1出现了一个炔基基团的碳氢伸缩振动峰,而这个峰在二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的红外光谱图中并未出现,表明二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精与炔雌醇之间出现了氢键相互作用力减少了炔基基团的偶极矩。通过比较炔雌醇、二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精、物理混合物和二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇包合物的光谱,发现1500cm-1和1612cm-1之间的苯基C-C键的伸缩振动峰存在明显差异。在形成二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇后,1579cm-1处的吸收峰表明二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中存在苯基。物理混合物和二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇包合物在1500cm-1和1612cm-1之间红外吸收峰形状不同,说明炔雌醇是通过共轭作用嵌入到二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的空腔中的。说明炔雌醇与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精相互作用形成了复合物而不是通过吸附作用形成简单的混合物。
核磁共振谱结果如图3所示,炔雌醇中H44 45 46的δ值为0.737ppm,而在二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中向低场移动(δ值增加,△δ=0.023ppm),H1的δ值在二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精中为4.819ppm,在二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中为4.835ppm,表明炔雌醇中甲基与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精之间的范德华作用力使屏蔽效应降低。二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精中H3和H5质子δ值分别为3.634ppm和3.565ppm,在形成包合物后向高场强方向移动,表明炔雌醇是通过疏水作用力进入疏水腔的,静电相互作用和共轭效应使腔内电子云密度增加,屏蔽效应增强。说明,炔雌醇通过范德华相互作用、氢键相互作用和共轭作用进入了二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的疏水腔体,形成了水溶性包合物,与红外光谱图的结果一致。
扫描电镜的结果如图4所示,炔雌醇的扫描电镜图呈现出不规则的晶体结构,而4b中所示的二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的扫描电镜图呈现出表面粗糙的多孔结构,在炔雌醇与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的物理混合物图(4c)中可以观察到许多结构与纯二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精相似的晶体。将物理混合物与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇包合物(4d)两者的透射电镜图相比较可以看出:二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇包合物呈现出均匀而紧凑的板状结构晶体,与物理混合物的结构有着明显的不同,说明了其物理性质的变化,证明了包合物的形成。
相溶解度检测结果如图5所示,炔雌醇的溶解度随二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精浓度的增加而线性增加,与典型的AL模型类型相同,说明二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精与炔雌醇之间形成了一个化学计量比为1:1的可溶性包合物。在293K下二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的稳定常数(K)为1206.9L/mol,计算公式如下:
通过计算炔雌醇与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精包合过程中的吉布斯自由能变化(ΔG)可以确定溶液中包合物形成的自发性,计算公式如下:
ΔG=-RTlnK
计算得出ΔG的值为-17.29kJ/mol。ΔG为负值表示炔雌醇自发地进入了二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的疏水腔,表明两个分子之间有较高的亲和能。相溶解度研究结果表明,炔雌醇与二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精通过主客体包封合作相互结合,在很大程度上形成了稳定的二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇包封复合物,表明成功建立了炔雌醇自组装增溶体系。
结合能与作用力的模拟结果如表1-表6所示,与β-环糊精/炔雌醇(-12.14KJ)、乙二胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇(-24.70KJ)、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇(-20.93KJ)、四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇(-14.23KJ)和羟丙基-β-环糊精/炔雌醇(-19.67KJ)相比,形成二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的亲和力最高,可达到-26.37KJ。
表1β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
表2乙二胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
表3二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
表4三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
表5四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
表6羟丙基-β-环糊精/炔雌醇分子模拟对接数据表
不同主体分子的在最小键能下的与炔雌醇对接的结构形式如图6所示,β-环糊精/炔雌醇、乙二胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇、三乙烯四胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇和羟丙基-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与炔雌醇之间存在氢键作用,而二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇和四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与炔雌醇之间存在π键作用,并且二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中的π键长度要短于四乙烯五胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇中的π键长度。通过比较键的类型与长度并结合亲和能大小得出二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇具有更稳定的结构。此外,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精和炔雌醇的疏水烷基之间存在疏水作用力、静电相互作用力和范德华作用力等多种作用力,这使得对接分子更加稳定,炔雌醇不易脱离二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的疏水腔,并且二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的侧链也限制了炔雌醇在空腔中的运动,使包合物更加稳定。二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精作为主体分子大大提高了炔雌醇的稳定性和水溶性。
二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇与纯炔雌醇在血液中释放能力如图7所示,其中黑色代表炔雌醇;红色代表二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇,与纯炔雌醇相比,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇显示出优越的溶解和释放能力。在释放实验开始时,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇快速释放,而纯炔雌醇几乎无释放;一周后二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇达到释放平衡,并且能释放出更多的炔雌醇;经长时间放置后,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇溶液仍保持稳定均匀,无沉淀,表明二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇可在血液环境中溶解并长期保持稳定。而纯炔雌醇几乎没有从透析袋中释放出来,并且在透析袋中发现大量不溶炔雌醇。当达到释放平衡时,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇的释放量约为纯炔雌醇的100倍,与溶解度结果相对应。证明了二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/炔雌醇在血液中具有良好的稳定性和溶解度,能够极大地提高炔雌醇的利用率,为均相炔雌醇注射液的出现提供了新的可能性。
二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精/黄体酮的定量检测结果如图8所示,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精对同为甾醇激素以及结构相近的化合物黄体酮基本没有增溶效果。
最后,应当理解的是,本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此,作为示例而非限制,本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地,本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。
Claims (23)
1.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包括炔雌醇和环糊精;所述环糊精选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精,炔雌醇和环糊精相互作用形成包合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,环糊精与炔雌醇具有1:1的化学计量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,包合物的制备方法如下:
将环糊精溶解于 去离子水中,加入炔雌醇和助溶剂后加热搅拌;随后在室温下继续搅拌后于4℃过夜;过滤,干燥得到白色固体粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,加热温度为40℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述助溶剂为乙醇。
6.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述干燥为冷冻干燥。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精的制备方法如下:
1)将β-环糊精溶于氢氧化钠溶液中,得到碱性β-环糊精溶液;
2)将甲苯磺酰氯溶于乙腈中,滴加到上述的碱性β-环糊精溶液中,调节PH获得悬浮液,冷冻获得沉淀,干燥获得6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精;
3)将6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加热,加入碘化钾和二乙烯三胺,将混合物在氮气保护下70℃搅拌,然后冷却至室温收集沉淀,干燥得到二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,2)中用盐酸调节PH至5 ~ 7。
10.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于, 2)中所述悬浮液4℃下冷冻过夜获得沉淀。
11.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,2)中沉淀使用乙醇进行洗涤。
12.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,2)中在50℃下干燥获得6-对甲苯磺酰基-β-环糊精。
13.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于, 3)中混合物在氮气保护下于70℃搅拌7 h。
14.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于, 3)中使用抽滤法收集沉淀。
15.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于, 3)中沉淀在50℃下真空干燥。
16.一种增加炔雌醇溶解度、改善炔雌醇释放性能的方法,其特征在于,使用环糊精包合炔雌醇,所述环糊精选自二乙烯三胺-β-环糊精。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,环糊精包合炔雌醇的方法如下:
将环糊精溶解于 去离子水中,加入炔雌醇和助溶剂后加热搅拌;随后在室温下继续搅拌后于4℃过夜;过滤,干燥得到白色固体粉末。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,加热温度为40℃。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述助溶剂为乙醇。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述干燥为冷冻干燥。
21.权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物组合物在制备避孕药物中的应用。
22.权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物组合物在制备治疗妇科疾病药物中的应用。
23.权利要求1-15任一项所述的药物组合物在制备治疗妇科疾病合并闭塞性脑血管疾病药物中的应用。
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