CN114211004B - PVA-based composite film layer for 3D printing of stainless steel workpiece surface and preparation method - Google Patents
PVA-based composite film layer for 3D printing of stainless steel workpiece surface and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09D129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a PVA-based composite film layer for 3D printing of the surface of a stainless steel workpiece and a preparation process, wherein the composite film layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer simultaneously provided with a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture comprises antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles. According to the technical scheme, the PVA-based composite film layer is prepared on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece, and is prepared on the metal surface by combining the additive manufacturing concept, so that compared with the traditional subtractive manufacturing, the process for producing complex parts is greatly simplified, the texture surface stability of the formed PVA-based composite film layer is remarkably improved, and the method is expected to provide an efficient surface additive modification technology for the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a PVA-based composite film layer for a 3D printing stainless steel workpiece surface and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As an additive manufacturing technology with very promising development in recent years, metal 3D printing technology is increasingly applied in some fine industry fields and key products. Whereas the surface properties of 3D printed metallic materials are critical for their application. Surface engineering technology is an effective means for improving the surface performance of the processed material by the traditional process, and less research is conducted on the surface treatment of the 3D printing material.
At present, the surface treatment of the 3D printing metal workpiece mostly follows the manufacturing concept of material reduction, the process is long in time consumption and limited by surface structure change, irregular appearance and other limitations, and the surface processing difficulty of the obtained workpiece is high. Because the dimensional accuracy and the appearance accuracy of 3D processing and forming are higher, deformation of surface treatment is greatly limited due to the forming accuracy, so that application of the diffusion coating surface treatment related to high-temperature treatment and the coating treatment requiring surface polishing pretreatment is greatly limited, and the surface performance and the application range of the 3D printed metal workpiece are seriously affected.
Therefore, how to provide a surface film layer and a treatment method which are not affected by the surface roughness of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and can improve the surface performance of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece without polishing pretreatment will have an important influence on the application of the 3D printed metal workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a PVA-based composite film layer for 3D printing of the surface of a stainless steel workpiece and a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece, which mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
the composite film layer comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer with a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles are contained in the component texture.
The 3D printed stainless steel surface, except for the pit-shaped texture and the component texture regions, has a surface roughness of no more than 1 micron.
And the surface of the 3D printing stainless steel substrate is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer.
The pit-shaped texture has a depth of no more than 10 microns.
The constituent textured regions are flush with a surface of the composite film layer that does not include the pit-shaped textured regions.
As another alternative, the constituent textured regions have a height that is lower than the surface of the composite film layer that does not include the pit-shaped textured regions.
The wear resistant particles in the constituent texture are located outside of the friction reducing particles.
A preparation method of a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of 3D printed stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece by adopting a metal 3D printer;
(2) Directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of a stainless steel workpiece: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece obtained in the last step, and controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer to be not more than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece;
(3) Preparation of PVA gel surface pit shape texture: when the PVA gel bottom layer obtained in the last step is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, paving the surface layer PVA gel again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer to be not lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece; when the surface layer PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface layer PVA gel by a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted, so that a first pit-shaped texture and a second pit-shaped texture which are uniformly distributed are obtained;
(4) Preparation of texture of PVA gel surface layer components: preparing antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles, uniformly filling the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles in the second pit-shaped texture obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, compacting to form a component texture, and then carrying out local extrusion and local heating and resolidification treatment on a component texture area to ensure that the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles are well combined with the second pit-shaped texture, so that the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed;
(5) Finishing the surface layer of PVA gel: and (3) mechanically finishing the PVA gel surface layer to remove individual sharp protrusions.
Further, in the step (4), the friction reducing particles and wear resistant particles of the component texture region are completely filled with the second pit-shaped texture at the corresponding positions or pits remain in the center of the component texture.
The antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles in the component texture areas are first prepared into briquettes and then placed into the second pit-shaped texture.
Compared with the prior art, the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
the PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece is manufactured on the metal surface by combining the additive manufacturing concept, and compared with the traditional subtractive manufacturing, the process for producing complex parts is greatly simplified, and the texture surface stability of the formed PVA-based composite film layer is remarkably improved. The PVA-based composite film layer is prepared by utilizing the characteristic that the transition of the physical form of PVA is changed along with the temperature, so that the bonding strength of gel and the stainless steel surface is improved, the preparation process is simple and convenient, and the surface roughness of a non-textured area is effectively reduced by utilizing the PVA gel.
The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece prepared by the material and the process method has the advantages that the surface layer of the PVA-based composite film layer is provided with the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture, and in the friction process of the surface of the component and the friction pair, the structure of the shape texture and the component texture overlapped promotes secondary lubrication and assists in removing worn fragments, and simultaneously, the micro-fluid dynamic effect is generated. The contact length between the surface of the workpiece and the friction pair can be reduced by the micro-texture, the friction coefficient is reduced, and the micro-texture plays a role in collecting chip particles in the cutting process, so that interface friction and abrasion can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the stainless steel part can be effectively prolonged.
In the constituent texture, the friction reducing particles are located at the center, the wear resistant particles are located outside the friction reducing particles, and the wear resistant particles are in direct contact with the inner surface of the second pit-shaped texture. The two particles are extruded, dragged and permeated between friction contact surfaces, so that the two bodies of the friction pair are directly contacted into two-body-three-body composite contact, and the friction is converted into a sliding-rolling composite friction form from sliding friction. The existence of the component texture can utilize the high-hardness wear-resistant particles to form pinning effect on the second pit-shaped texture, and can support and protect the middle soft antifriction particles to prolong the action time of the component texture.
The PVA-based composite film layer has remarkable advantages in the aspect of preparing the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece, and the method can be suitable for improving the surface roughness and improving the surface performance of various special-shaped surfaces including uneven surfaces by utilizing the ductility and flexibility of the film layer in a fluid state, and effectively solves the limitation of traditional mechanical polishing and surface treatment on the special-shaped surfaces such as uneven surfaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of pit shape texture of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first pit shape texture and composition texture of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the structure of friction reducing particles and wear resistant particles in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention
Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the structure of friction reducing particles and wear resistant particles in a third embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the PVA-based composite film layer 2 on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 according to the present invention comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, wherein the bottom layer 21 is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer 22 is a PVA gel surface layer having a first pit-shaped texture 221 and a component texture 223, the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture 223 contains antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225.
The surface roughness of the PVA-based composite film layer excluding the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the constituent texture 223 areas of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface is not more than 1 micrometer.
The surface of the 3D printing stainless steel workpiece substrate 1 is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer 2.
The depth of the first pit-shaped texture 221 is no more than 10 microns.
The constituent texture 223 area is flush with the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2 that does not contain the first pit-shaped texture 221 area.
As another alternative, the height of the constituent texture 223 area is lower than the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2 that does not include the first pit-shaped texture 221 area.
The wear resistant particles 225 in the constituent texture 223 are located outside of the friction reducing particles 224.
A preparation method of a PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of 3D printed stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 by adopting a metal 3D printer;
(2) Directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 obtained in the last step, and controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer 21 to be not more than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1, so as to leave the opportunity of directly contacting with part of a matrix for the subsequent PVA gel surface layer 22, thereby improving the bonding strength of the PVA gel surface layer;
(3) Preparation of PVA gel skin first pit-shaped texture 221: when the PVA gel bottom layer 21 obtained in the previous step is changed from a fluid state to a semi-solid state, paving the surface layer PVA gel again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer 22 to be not lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1 so that the surface of the stainless steel substrate is basically covered by the PVA base composite film layer; when the surface PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface of the surface PVA gel by a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted to obtain a first pit-shaped texture 221 and a second pit-shaped texture 222 which are uniformly distributed;
(4) Preparation of PVA gel skin component texture 223: preparing antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225, uniformly filling the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 in the second pit-shaped texture 222 obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, compacting the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles 225 to form a component texture, and then carrying out local extrusion and local heating and resolidification on the area of the component texture 223 to enable the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 to be well combined with the second pit-shaped texture 222, so that the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the component texture 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed;
(5) Finishing of PVA gel skin layer 22: the PVA gel skin 22 is mechanically finished to remove individual sharp protrusions. In order to better adjust and control the surface roughness of the PVA film, the surface morphology adjustment can be carried out in the step in combination with a local reheating mode, so that the roughness of the PVA-based composite film on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 meets the application requirement.
Further, in the step (4), the friction reducing particles 224 and the wear resistant particles 225 in the region of the constituent texture 223 are completely filled with the second pit-shaped texture 222 at the corresponding positions or pits remain in the center of the constituent texture 223.
The friction reducing particles 224 and wear resistant particles 225 of the component texture 223 area are first prepared into compacts and then placed into the second pit-shaped texture 222.
The process according to the invention is described in more detail below by way of preferred examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The PVA-based composite film layer 2 for 3D printing of the surface of a stainless steel workpiece 1 comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, wherein the bottom layer 21 is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer 22 is a PVA gel surface layer simultaneously provided with first pit-shaped textures 221 and component textures 223, the first pit-shaped textures 221 and the component textures 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component textures 223 comprise antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece: a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 was prepared using a metal 3D printer. The 3D printing equipment selects Renisshaw AM 400, and the specific technological parameters are that the scanning power is 100W and the scanning line interval is 0.11mm. The PVA-based composite film layer 2 on the surface of the manufactured 3D printed stainless steel workpiece 1 is combined with the additive manufacturing concept, so that polishing treatment of the traditional material reduction process is avoided.
Step 2, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1: preparing pure PVA gel by adopting a physical crosslinking method, weighing a certain amount of PVA, weighing deionized water, placing the PVA in a constant-temperature oil bath at 85 ℃ under a stirring state for complete dissolution, standing at 60 ℃ for 30min, and removing bubbles in the solution; uniformly smearing PVA solution on the surface of a stainless steel workpiece 1, and controlling the average height of a PVA gel bottom layer 21 not to exceed the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1; placed in a freezer at-20 ℃ for 24 hours and thawed at room temperature for 1 hour. The preparation of the PVA-based composite film layer utilizes the characteristic that the physical form of PVA solid-liquid changes along with temperature, improves the bonding strength of the composite film layer and the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1, and effectively reduces the surface roughness.
Step 3, preparation of pit-shaped texture of PVA gel surface layer 22: heating the PVA gel bottom layer 21 obtained in the last step to 60 ℃, standing at room temperature, cooling, laying the surface layer PVA hydrogel again when the hydrogel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, and controlling the surface of the hydrogel surface layer 22 not to be lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1; when the surface layer hydrogel is converted from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a smooth pressing head is adopted to mechanically press the surface layer PVA gel, the pressing depth is 8 micrometers, the uniformly distributed circular first pit-shaped texture 221 and square second pit-shaped texture 222 shown in fig. 2 are obtained, and interface friction and abrasion can be effectively improved through the textures formed on the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2. The texture density ranges of the circular first pit-shaped texture 221 and the square second pit-shaped texture 222 are 5% -40%, and the shapes of the first pit-shaped texture 221 and the second pit-shaped texture 222 can be selected from circular, square, oval, triangular or hexagonal shapes according to the requirements.
Step 4: preparation of PVA gel skin component texture 223: preparation of a composite texture of antifriction particles 224 and wear resistant particles 225. The antifriction particles 224 may be MoS 2 At least one of solid lubrication particles such as Cu, graphene and the like, and at least one of hard wear-resistant particles such as nano diamond, tungsten carbide and the like can be selected as the wear-resistant particles 225; after preparing composite particles having friction reducing particles 224 at the center and wear resistant particles 225 at the outside of the friction reducing particles 224, preparing the particles into compacts, uniformly filling the compacts into square second pit-shaped textures 222 obtained in the previous step at intervals and compacting the compacts into constituent textures 223, and then locally extruding and locally heating the constituent textures 223 with a smooth planar ram to resolidify the regions so that the friction reducing particles 224 and the wear resistant particles 225 are well combined with the second pit-shaped textures 222, the first pit-shaped textures 221 and the constituent textures 223 are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the structures of the first pit-shaped textures 221 and the constituent textures 223 are overlappedThe structure can effectively promote secondary lubrication and store abrasive dust, avoid three-body abrasion and further prolong the service life of the stainless steel workpiece 1.
Step 5: flattening the PVA gel surface by a press machine to remove individual sharp protrusions. In the process, the treatment can be carried out in a mode of matching with local heating according to the need.
The PVA-based composite film layer on the surface of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece is provided with first pit textures 221 and component textures 223, wherein the textures are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component textures 223 comprise antifriction particles 224 and wear-resistant particles 225 as shown in fig. 4. Wherein, the antifriction particles 224 in the component texture 223 are located at the center, the wear-resistant particles 225 are located at the outer part of the antifriction particles 224, and the pinning effect of the wear-resistant particles 225 with high hardness on the second pit-shaped texture 222 can be formed, and the supporting and protecting effects of the component texture on the intermediate soft antifriction particles 224 can be formed, so that the acting time of the component texture can be prolonged. The component texture 223 area is flush with the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2 that does not include the pit-shaped texture area, that is, the height of the component texture 223 area is flush with the upper surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2, and there is a sagging space in the area where only the first pit-shaped texture 221 exists on the surface of the entire PVA-based composite film layer 2.
Example two
This example differs from the first preparation step of the above-described example in that the preparation step of directly preparing the PVA gel underlayer 21 on the surface of the stainless steel work piece 1 of step 2 is different. In the embodiment, a freeze thawing physical crosslinking method is adopted for directly preparing the PVA-based composite film layer 2 on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 1. Dissolving 15g of PVA in cold water, heating to 75 ℃ until the PVA is completely dissolved, adding boric acid aqueous solution with the PVA mass fraction of 0.5% -1%, and rapidly stirring for 0.5h to obtain a PVA hydrogel precursor. The PVA hydrogel precursor was cast to prepare a film with a thickness of 40 μm on the stainless steel surface. The film was further processed by freeze-thawing physical crosslinking, wherein the freeze-thawing procedure was set at-18 ℃, 12h and 15 ℃ respectively, 4h, and the number of freeze-thawing cycles was 3, to prepare PVA-based composite film layer 2. The height of the component texture 223 area is lower than the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2 not including the pit-shaped texture area, that is, the height of the component texture 223 area is lower than the upper surface of the PVA-based composite film layer 2, so that a space for sagging exists in the component texture 223 area, thereby forming a special component texture and shape texture coexistence area, and simultaneously playing a role in improving tribological properties of the component texture and shape texture.
Example III
As shown in fig. 5, this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the preparation step described above in that the structures of the friction reducing particles and the wear resistant particles in step 4 are different. In this embodiment, the composite particles are composed of the antifriction particles 224, the wear-resistant particles 225 and the hollow structure 226, and the hollow structure 226 is designed such that the middle part of the component texture 223 still has a shape texture, which is favorable for the collection of the antifriction particles 224 and the wear-resistant particles 225 at the position after being worn and fallen off in the friction and wear process, and can continue to play a role in the later stage, thereby further improving the antifriction and wear-resistant performances thereof.
Claims (9)
- The preparation method of the PVA-based composite film on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece in the 3D printing mode is characterized in that the PVA-based composite film comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is a PVA gel bottom layer, the surface layer is a PVA gel surface layer with a first pit-shaped texture and a component texture, the first pit-shaped texture and the component texture are alternately and uniformly distributed, and the component texture comprises antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles; the preparation method of the PVA-based composite film layer comprises the following steps:(1) Preparation of 3D printed stainless steel workpiece: preparing a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece by adopting a metal 3D printer;(2) Directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of a stainless steel workpiece: preparing PVA gel, directly preparing a PVA gel bottom layer on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece obtained in the last step, and controlling the average height of the PVA gel bottom layer to be not more than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece;(3) Preparation of PVA gel surface pit shape texture: when the PVA gel bottom layer obtained in the last step is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, paving the surface layer PVA gel again, and controlling the surface of the PVA gel surface layer to be not lower than the highest profile peak position of the surface of the stainless steel workpiece; when the surface layer PVA gel is changed from a fluid state to a semisolid state, a method of mechanically pressing the surface layer PVA gel by a smooth pressing head and maintaining the pressure until the PVA gel is completely solidified is adopted, so that a first pit-shaped texture and a second pit-shaped texture which are uniformly distributed are obtained;(4) Preparation of texture of PVA gel surface layer components: preparing antifriction particles and wear-resistant particles, uniformly filling the antifriction particles and the wear-resistant particles in the second pit-shaped texture obtained in the previous step at intervals according to a regular arrangement method, and compacting to form a component texture;(5) Finishing the surface layer of PVA gel: and mechanically finishing the PVA gel surface layer.
- 2. The method for preparing a PVA-based composite film layer on a surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), friction reducing particles and wear resistant particles in the component texture area are completely filled with the second pit-shaped texture in the corresponding position or pits remain in the center of the component texture.
- 3. The method for preparing a PVA-based composite film layer on a surface of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), friction reducing particles and wear resistant particles in the component texture region are first prepared into briquettes and then placed into the second pit-shaped texture.
- 4. The PVA-based composite film layer of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the PVA-based composite film layer, excluding the first pit-shaped texture and the constituent texture areas, is no more than 1 micron.
- 5. The PVA-based composite film layer of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece substrate surface is completely covered by the PVA-based composite film layer.
- 6. The PVA-based composite film layer of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the depth of the first pit-shaped texture is no more than 10 microns.
- 7. The PVA-based composite film layer of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the constituent textured regions are flush with a surface of the PVA-based composite film layer that does not contain the first pit-shaped textured regions.
- 8. The PVA-based composite film layer of the 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface of claim 1, wherein the height of the constituent textured regions is lower than the surface of the PVA-based composite film layer that does not comprise the first pit-shaped textured regions.
- 9. The PVA-based composite film layer of a 3D printed stainless steel workpiece surface according to claim 1, wherein wear resistant particles in the constituent texture are located outside of the friction reducing particles.
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