CN114190239B - Planting method of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine - Google Patents
Planting method of rhizome traditional Chinese medicine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114190239B CN114190239B CN202210003427.1A CN202210003427A CN114190239B CN 114190239 B CN114190239 B CN 114190239B CN 202210003427 A CN202210003427 A CN 202210003427A CN 114190239 B CN114190239 B CN 114190239B
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- drip irrigation
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- soluble fertilizer
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 101
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 52
- -1 alkyl glycoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000382455 Angelica sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M (E)-Ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(\C=C\C([O-])=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N ferulic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940114124 ferulic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000001785 ferulic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002489 tectorial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000045403 Astragalus propinquus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000007126 Codonopsis pilosula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000405414 Rehmannia Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- YTJSFYQNRXLOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[SiH3] YTJSFYQNRXLOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting rhizome traditional Chinese medicines, which comprises ridging and film covering, wherein the ridging height is 30-45 cm, the upper ridge width is 20-30 cm, the lower ridge width is 40-60 cm, and the ridging is trapezoidal and is characterized in that the edge which spans the ridge surface and is perpendicular to the film covering on the two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom. The application can improve the quality of the rhizome traditional Chinese medicine and the rhizome yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of rhizome traditional Chinese medicines.
Background
The section level of soil forms special plough layer, plough bottom layer and subsoil, plough layer: the layer is also called a surface soil layer or a prepared rehmannia root layer, is the layer with most divided crop roots which are affected by human activities most deeply, generally has the thickness of about 20cm, loose soil, higher fertility level and more coordinated physical and chemical properties of soil; ploughing a bottom layer: the layer with a sheet structure is formed under the plough layer under the influence of the pressure of agricultural implements, the thickness is generally 2-10 cm, the layer is a barrier layer of farmland soil, and the layer can generate obvious barriers to the migration of soil moisture, the transmission of nutrients, the movement of energy and air and the growth of root systems, and is only improved by measures such as deep ploughing or deep scarification; a core soil layer: the soil layer is positioned below the plough base layer and can also be called a semi-mature soil layer, the thickness is generally 20-30 cm, the root system of the crop is obviously less than that of the cultivated layer, the variation of the physicochemical properties of the subsoil layer is less, the biological activity is far less than that of the cultivated layer, the conversion of the material and the energy is slow, and the fertility level of the soil is obviously reduced.
The root system of the rhizome plant is not pricked due to the structure of the soil, and the root system is forked on the plough bottom layer, so that the nutrient substances are dispersed, and the quality of the main root is reduced. In order to reduce the labor, cultivation is generally performed in a drip irrigation under a film with grass cloth, but there is a problem that the quality of the planted rhizome-type herbal medicine is reduced as compared with cultivation in a drip irrigation mode without grass cloth.
At present, no planting method capable of further improving the quality of rhizome traditional Chinese medicines on the basis of saving water and labor exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of rhizome traditional Chinese medicines, which solves the technical problems that 1) the planting method of the rhizome traditional Chinese medicines is provided; 2) On the basis of saving water and labor, the quality of the rhizome traditional Chinese medicine is further improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method of rhizome traditional Chinese medicines comprises the steps of making the plant spacing between 4 and 40cm, ridging and film covering, wherein the ridging height is 30 to 45cm, the upper ridge width is 20 to 30cm, the lower ridge width is 40 to 60cm, the ridging is trapezoidal, and the edge which is perpendicular to the film covering at the two sides of the ridge and straddles the ridge surface is higher than the ridge bottom.
The edge of the film covering the ridge surface and the two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 2-10 cm.
Adopting a fertilizer applying mode of drip irrigation; the drip irrigation comprises the steps of laying a drip irrigation tape and preparing a drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer;
the drip irrigation tape is laid on ridges, at least two drip irrigation tapes are laid on each ridge and are respectively positioned on two sides of the rhizome traditional Chinese medicine, the titration holes on the drip irrigation tapes correspond to the plants, and the distance between the drip irrigation holes and the plants is not more than 3cm;
the drip irrigation water soluble fertilizer is prepared by diluting the water soluble fertilizer to an ec value of 2.5-6 mS/cm.
Each drip tape has a length of not more than 40m.
The flow rate of the drip irrigation is 1.3-2.3L/h.
The water-soluble fertilizer contains one or two of sodium polyacrylate, alkyl glycoside and glycerin;
the molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate is 2000-5000;
the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl glycoside is 8-14;
the mass ratio of the composition of the sodium polyacrylate, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol to the water-soluble fertilizer is 0-10 and is 75-99, wherein the composition of the sodium polyacrylate, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol is not 0 at the same time.
The water soluble fertilizer does not contain a defoaming agent.
The water-soluble fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps:
atomizing a composition of alkyl glycoside and glycerol and sodium polyacrylate, adding into the powdery water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the powdery water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation; or
And adding the composition of the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol and the sodium polyacrylate into the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for dissolving to obtain the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. this application can make the root system of rhizome class plant increase better through ridging and tectorial membrane, can further promote the quality of rhizome class plant root system through striding in the ridge face and being higher than the height at the bottom of the ridge on the limit of perpendicular to ridge both sides tectorial membrane.
2. This application is higher than the ridge bottom 2 ~ 10cm through setting up the limit of striding in the ridge face and perpendicular to ridge both sides tectorial membrane, both can prevent the grass, reduces grass and rhizome class plant and strives for the nutrient, is favorable to promoting the quality of rhizome plant again.
3. This application lays two drip irrigation zones at least, this is because the root system of rhizome class plant is than longer, the velocity of flow of drip irrigation zone is relatively slow, generally the velocity of flow is 1.0-10.0L/h, the working pressure is 0.05-0.3Mpa, water that will make drip irrigation thoroughly submerges the root system, then need titrate for a long time, this root system that has just existed rhizome class plant is in the oxygen deficiency state for a long time, this growth that has influenced plant roots in the past is long this and the quality, adopt the high velocity of flow then can appear the drop of water to form the cluster, make the water in the soil too late to permeate, cause local saturation, make water spread in soil, because the root system to water fertility, then grow out a large amount of fibrous roots and adventitious roots, thereby the quality of main root has been influenced.
4. Alkyl glycoside and glycerine are added to this application, make water-soluble fertilizer produce a large amount of exquisite foams when dissolving, because contain the air in the bubble when driping irrigation, consequently, can prevent that the root system of plant from being in the oxygen deficiency state for a long time to solve water-soluble fertilizer and be applied to and drip irrigation the root system respiration that influences rhizome class plant, arouse the problem of the reduction of the output of rhizome class plant and the decline of quality. This application does not contain the defoaming agent, and the existence of defoaming agent can be eliminated the bubble that alkyl glycoside and glycerine produced to have the bubble when can not making water-soluble fertilizer use, just can not solve water-soluble fertilizer and be applied to and drip irrigation the root system respiration that influences rhizome class plant yet, arouse the problem that the output of rhizome class plant reduces and the decline of quality. Add glycerine as the humectant in this application, can prevent that the bubble that alkyl glycoside produced from applying into soil because gravity and water volatilize, make bubble surface attenuation rupture to influence the effect of this application, if glycerine is greater than the volume of alkyl glycoside, then probably alkyl glycoside addition is few, and the bubble is not abundant enough, and increases the volume of alkyl glycoside, then the glycerine volume is then too much, makes the bubble that produces have the viscosity, is unfavorable for the sinking of liquid manure, influences the effect of this application.
5. Low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate in this application can also reduce the viscosity of the bubble that alkyl glycoside and glycerine produced, be favorable to the infiltration of water-soluble fertilizer, and high molecular weight's sodium polyacrylate has very strong thickening nature, only can increase the viscosity that alkyl glycoside and glycerine produced the bubble, more importantly is because the thickening effect of high molecular weight's sodium polyacrylate, make fertilizer aqueous solution viscosity increase, the mobility reduces, can't be applied to at all in driping irrigation, it exists to titrate unevenly, more importantly blocks up and titrates the eye, damage and titrate the pipeline.
6. The water-retaining agent sodium polyacrylate used at present is larger in molecular weight, and can flocculate particles in soil when being applied to drip irrigation as a water-soluble fertilizer, so that the water-retaining agent sodium polyacrylate is filled in gaps of soil particles and extrudes air in the soil, and root systems of plants are in an anoxic state for a long time. Because the ions with the same charges repel each other, electrostatic repulsion is formed, and the soil particles can be prevented from flocculating in the water medium, so that the extrusion of air is reduced, and bubbles formed by the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol can be filled among the soil particles, so that the problems that the plant root system is in an anoxic state for a long time, the respiration of the root system of the rhizome plant is influenced, the yield of the rhizome plant is reduced, and the quality of the rhizome plant is reduced are solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, a drip irrigation belt is laid, the distance between a titration eye and a plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of monoammonium phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 1.5 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 2.5 h/time after transplantation and the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 4 h/time after transplantation, and the drip irrigation time is 2-3 months after transplantation.
Example 2
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between the titration eye and the plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
Example 3
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the height of a ridge bottom by 7cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, a drip irrigation belt is laid, the distance between a titration eye and a plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of monoammonium phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 1.5 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 2.5 h/time after transplantation and the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 4 h/time after transplantation, and the drip irrigation time is 2-3 months after transplantation.
Example 4
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the height of a ridge bottom by 7cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between the titration eye and the plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
Example 5
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between the titration eye and the plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 2.3L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
Example 6
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the height of a ridge bottom by 7cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between the titration eye and the plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 2.3L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 52% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
Example 7
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and film mulching after land leveling, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridging height is trapezoidal, the edge which spans a ridge surface and is perpendicular to film mulching on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the film mulching edge is fixed, the film mulching is grass prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between the titration eye and the plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4% of sodium polyacrylate and 48% of water, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
The molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate is 2000-5000. Wherein the low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate is purchased from Runshou Runshi chemical Co., ltd and is colorless liquid.
Example 8
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and mulching after land is leveled, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridge is trapezoidal, the edge which spans the ridge surface and is perpendicular to mulching films on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the edge of the mulching film is fixed, the mulching film is weed prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between a titration eye and a plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water-soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4% of a composition of alkyl glycoside and glycerol and 48% of water, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the glycerol in the composition of the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol is 2:1, and the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time.
Alkyl glycoside (carbon atom number 8-10) is purchased from Shanghai Kai chemical Co., ltd, and glycerol is purchased from Fenghuang chemical Co., ltd.
Example 9
A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of ridging and mulching after land is leveled, wherein the ridging height is 40cm, the upper ridge width is 25m, the lower ridge width is 50cm, the ridge is trapezoidal, the edge which spans the ridge surface and is perpendicular to mulching films on two sides of the ridge is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the edge of the mulching film is fixed, the mulching film is weed prevention cloth, angelica sinensis seedlings are transplanted, and the transplanting plant distance is 30cm.
The fertilization mode is drip irrigation, 2 drip irrigation belts are laid, the distance between a titration eye and a plant is 1.5cm, the flow rate is 1.8L/h, the titrated water soluble fertilizer is a composition of 8% of monopotassium phosphate, 30% of urea, 10% of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 4% of sodium polyacrylate, 4% of an alkyl glycoside and glycerol composition and 44% of water, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the glycerol in the alkyl glycoside and glycerol composition is 2:1, and the water soluble fertilizer is diluted to an ec value of 3.5mS/cm before drip irrigation. Wherein the drip irrigation time is 0.75 h/time within 1 month after transplantation, the drip irrigation time is 1.25 h/time after transplantation for 2-3 months, the drip irrigation time is 3-harvest after transplantation, and the titration time is 2 h/time. The molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate is 2000-5000. Wherein the low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate is purchased from Runyang chemical Co., ltd, changzhou city and is colorless liquid; alkyl glycoside (carbon atom number 8-10) is purchased from Shanghai Kai chemical Co., ltd, and glycerol is purchased from Fenghuang chemical Co., ltd.
Example 10
A planting method of astragalus membranaceus comprises the steps of forming ridges and covering films, wherein the ridge forming height is 35cm, the upper ridge width is 20cm, the lower ridge width is 40cm, the ridge forming height is trapezoidal, the ridge surface is perpendicular to the edges of the covering films on the two sides of the ridge, the ridge surface is higher than the ridge bottom by 3cm, the covered edges are fixed, and the covering films are black plastic films.
Adopting a fertilizer applying mode of drip irrigation; the drip irrigation comprises the steps of paving a drip irrigation tape and preparing a drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer;
the drip irrigation tape is laid on ridges, four drip irrigation tapes are laid on each ridge and are respectively positioned on two sides of the rhizome traditional Chinese medicine, the titration holes on the drip irrigation tapes correspond to the plants, and the distance between the drip irrigation holes and the plants is 1.5cm;
the drip irrigation water soluble fertilizer is prepared by diluting a water soluble fertilizer to an ec value of 4mS/cm.
Each drip tape has a length of 30m.
The flow rate of the drip irrigation is 2.0L/h.
The water-soluble fertilizer contains sodium polyacrylate;
the molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate is 2000-5000;
the mass ratio of the sodium polyacrylate to the water-soluble fertilizer is 6.
The water-soluble fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the proportion is 30-10-10.
The water-soluble fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps:
and (3) atomizing sodium polyacrylate, adding the sodium polyacrylate into the powdery macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the powdery water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation.
Example 11
A planting method of codonopsis pilosula comprises the steps of planting distance of 4cm, ridging and film covering, wherein the ridging height is 35cm, the upper ridge width is 20cm, the lower ridge width is 40cm, the shape of a trapezoid is formed, the edge of the ridge surface, which is perpendicular to the film covering on the two sides of the ridge, is higher than the height of the ridge bottom by 3cm, the film covering edge is fixed, and the film covering is a white film. The fertilizing mode is micro-spraying.
The beneficial effects of the invention are further illustrated below in combination with experimental data:
experiment one
Test material
1, materials and methods:
1.1 test site: gansu province regaining Dazhai village of western village of county; subject: radix Angelicae sinensis; variety: regaining number 1.
1.2 test detection: the main body diameter (cm), the dry root length (cm), the dry root weight (g), the ferulic acid content (%), the volatile oil content (%), and the extract content (%).
1.3 test materials:
CK (same as example 1 except that the film was formed to cover the ridge completely), comparative example 1 (same as example 2 except that the film height was 12 cm), comparative example 2 (same as example 2 except that the drip irrigation flow rate was 8L/h), and examples 1 to 9.
1.4 Experimental design: taking 5 mu of land with similar land blocks and adjacent land, equally dividing the land into 12 cells, 260 square meters per cell, arranging isolation zones between the cells, adopting an S sampling method during harvesting, selecting 5 sampling points, and taking 3.6m for each point 2 The measurement and quality analysis are carried out after the natural drying and air drying, and the experiment is consistent in other management except that the treatment is different.
1.5 detection method: the main body diameter of the dry root is measured by using a vernier caliper, the length of the dry root is measured by using a ruler, the weight of the dry root is measured by using an electronic balance (the precision is one thousandth), the ferulic acid is detected by using high performance liquid chromatography, octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica gel as a filler, acetonitrile-0.085% phosphoric acid solution (17; the extract is measured by hot dipping method under alcohol soluble extract measurement item, with 70% ethanol as solvent, not less than 45.0%; the volatile oil is determined by a volatile oil determination method, and is from the first part of 2010 edition of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China.
2 results and analysis
The diameter (cm) of the main body, the length (cm) of the dry root, the weight (g) of the dry root, the ferulic acid content (%), the volatile oil content (%) and the extract content (%) are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
Compared with the CK in the table 1 (except that the mulching film covers the ridge completely, the CK is consistent with the CK in the embodiment 1) and the CK in the embodiment 1, the CK (except that the mulching film covers the ridge completely, the CK is consistent with the CK in the embodiment 1) has the problem of low quality, and the CK can improve the quality of root systems of the rhizome plants by spanning the ridge surface and being perpendicular to the edges of the mulching films on the two sides of the ridge, wherein the edges are higher than the ridge bottom by 3 cm.
As can be seen from comparison of the data of comparative example 1 (which is identical to example 2 except that the mulching film height is 12 cm), comparative example 2 (which is identical to example 2 except that the drip irrigation flow rate is 8L/h), and example 2 and example 4, the mulching film height and the drip irrigation flow rate are directly related to the root quality of the rhizome plants. Namely, the root system quality of the rhizome plants can be improved when the ridge surface is spanned and the edges of the mulching films on the two sides of the ridge are 2-10 cm higher than the ridge bottom and the drip irrigation flow rate is 1.3-2.3L/h.
As can be seen from the comparison of the data in example 1 and example 2, and in example 3 and example 4, the number of the titration tubes also directly affects the quality of the root system of the rhizome plant under the premise of titration of the same amount of water.
It can be seen from the data of example 2, example 7, example 8 and example 9 that the fertilizer used for titration is also directly related to the root quality of the rhizome plants, the water soluble fertilizer added with the composition of the sodium polyacrylate with low molecular weight, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol can improve the root quality of the rhizome plants, and the composition of the sodium polyacrylate with low molecular weight, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol is simultaneously added into the water soluble fertilizer, so that the root quality of the rhizome plants can be better improved.
Claims (4)
1. A planting method of angelica sinensis comprises the steps of making a row spacing of 4-40 cm, ridging and film covering, wherein the ridging height is 30-45 cm, the upper ridge width is 20-30 cm, the lower ridge width is 40-60 cm, and the ridging is trapezoidal, and is characterized in that the edge of a ridge surface which is perpendicular to the film covering on two sides of the ridge is 2-10 cm higher than the bottom of the ridge;
adopting a fertilizer applying mode of drip irrigation; the drip irrigation comprises the steps of laying a drip irrigation tape and preparing a drip irrigation water-soluble fertilizer;
the drip irrigation tape is laid on ridges, at least two drip irrigation tapes are laid on each ridge and are respectively positioned on two sides of the Chinese angelica, the titration holes on the drip irrigation tapes correspond to the plants, and the distance between the titration holes and the plants is not more than 3cm;
the drip irrigation water soluble fertilizer is prepared by diluting a water soluble fertilizer to an ec value of 2.5-6 mS/cm;
the flow rate of the drip irrigation is 1.3-2.3L/h;
the water-soluble fertilizer contains one or two of sodium polyacrylate, alkyl glycoside and glycerin;
the molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate is 2000-5000;
the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl glycoside is 8-14;
the mass ratio of the composition of the sodium polyacrylate, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol to the water-soluble fertilizer is 0-10 and is 75-99, wherein the composition of the sodium polyacrylate, the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol is not 0 at the same time.
2. The planting method of angelica sinensis according to claim 1, wherein each drip tape has a length of not more than 40m.
3. The planting method of angelica sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer does not contain a defoaming agent.
4. The planting method of angelica sinensis according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
atomizing a composition of alkyl glycoside and glycerol and sodium polyacrylate, adding into the powdery water-soluble fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the powdery water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation; or
And adding the composition of the alkyl glycoside and the glycerol and the sodium polyacrylate into the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for dissolving to obtain the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation.
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