CN114199376B - System and method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing metal nanoparticle solution - Google Patents
System and method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing metal nanoparticle solution Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaminosulfur trifluoride Substances CCN(CC)S(F)(F)F CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/58—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using luminescence generated by light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
- G01J1/047—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using extension/expansion of solids or fluids, change of resonant frequency or extinction effect
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
A system and method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing metal nanoparticle solution comprises a laser, a spectroscope, an optical parametric amplifier, a chopper, a DAST organic crystal, a terahertz filter, a first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector, a plane reflector, a second off-axis parabolic reflector, a BBO frequency doubling crystal, a medium detection device, a convex lens, a 400nm filter and a photomultiplier, wherein the laser emits horizontally polarized laser beams to separate pumping light and detection light through the spectroscope, the pumping light generates strong terahertz waves through the optical parametric amplifier, the chopper and the DAST organic crystal, and the pumping light is focused by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector to the medium detection device for generating a liquid film or a liquid column by utilizing the metal nanoparticle solution after being filtered by the terahertz filter; the detection light is focused on the medium detection device through a plane reflector, a second off-axis parabolic reflector, a BBO frequency doubling crystal and strong terahertz waves in a collinear manner; then enters a photomultiplier through a convex lens and a 400nm filter to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of terahertz wave detection and the field of fluid mechanics, in particular to a system and a method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing a metal nanoparticle solution.
Background
In recent years, with the development of terahertz detection technology, a great deal of research results have demonstrated that electro-optic crystals, photoconductive antennas and gases are all good terahertz detection technologies. With the increasing maturity of technology for detecting terahertz by utilizing the third-order nonlinear effect property of air, people start to turn the eyes to liquid water to detect terahertz. Liquid water has a higher damage threshold and a lower ionization excitation threshold than air, and has a higher response sensitivity. However, the factors that hinder the liquid as the terahertz detection technology at present are mainly because the liquid does not have the second-order nonlinear effect of the electro-optic crystal solid detection material, and the liquid is isotropic. In addition, the instability of the liquid and the strong absorption of the terahertz waves greatly influence the response of the liquid to the terahertz waves, and a system for detecting the terahertz waves by using the liquid can introduce great noise, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly reduced. Maintaining the stability of the liquid is therefore a problem that is currently in need of resolution for terahertz detection.
The liquid water detection terahertz technology has been recently proposed and experimentally confirmed, and in addition, the ion solution ionizes more electrons under terahertz radiation than pure water, thereby enhancing the terahertz electric field intensity, so the measured terahertz intensity is much greater than that measured by pure water. The nano particles have important scientific research value, and bridge among massive substances, atoms and molecules. The physical properties of bulk materials are generally size independent, but not on the nanometer scale. Some special physical properties are currently observed, such as: quantum confinement of semiconductor nanoparticles, surface plasmon resonance of some metal nanoparticles (surface plasmon resonance), superparamagnetism of magnetic materials. The high surface area to volume ratio of the nanoparticles relative to the macroscopic particulate material can result in a significant change in their properties. Moreover, nanoparticles can be better bound to solvent molecules than solutes with larger particles, enabling greater terahertz intensities to be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing a metal nanoparticle solution, which are used for detecting the broadband strong terahertz waves with high intensity.
Because liquid water or solution shows very strong response in the three-order nonlinear process, water, various ionic solutions, alcohol and the like have very strong three-order nonlinear effects, and a theoretical basis is provided for the application of the liquid in terahertz detection. The system for detecting the terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution provided by the invention is used for detecting the intensity of the terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution, and is particularly suitable for detecting the terahertz wave with the terahertz wave field intensity of 0.3-14.9 MV/cm.
The system and the method for coherently detecting the broadband strong terahertz waves by using the metal nanoparticle solution have the characteristics of high damage threshold, low ionization threshold and strong persistence, and have extremely high sensitivity and spatial resolution capability in the coherent detection and incoherent detection fields, and are more suitable for routine measurement of plasma channels.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a system for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which comprises a laser, a spectroscope, an optical parametric amplifier, a chopper, a DAST organic crystal, a terahertz filter, a first off-axis perforated parabolic mirror, a plane mirror, a second off-axis parabolic mirror, a BBO frequency doubling crystal, a medium detection device, a convex lens, a 400nm filter and a photomultiplier, which are sequentially arranged on an optical path, wherein:
the laser is used for emitting 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams, and the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams are separated into a pump light beam and a detection light beam through the spectroscope: the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the laser with the wavelength of 1550nm is modulated by the chopper and then generates strong terahertz waves through the DAST organic crystal, the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter to filter stray light, and then the stray light is focused to the medium detection device through the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector; the detection light is focused on the medium detection device through the BBO frequency doubling crystal and the Jiang Tai Hz wave after being reflected by the plane reflector and the second off-axis parabolic reflector in sequence;
wherein the focal length of the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector is 2 inches and the focal length of the second off-axis parabolic reflector is 4 inches; the medium detection device utilizes a metal nanoparticle solution to generate a liquid film or a liquid column, jiang Tai Hz waves and detection light are focused on the medium detection device together to generate a four-wave mixing effect, then the four-wave mixing effect is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through the convex lens, the parallel light beams pass through the 400nm filter to filter 800nm light beams, and then the parallel light beams enter the photomultiplier to detect broadband strong terahertz wave signals.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the medium detecting device is a liquid film generating device, for generating the liquid film, including: the device comprises a constant pressure pump, a first water outlet connecting pipe, a first liquid pool, a second water outlet connecting pipe, a throttle valve, a third water outlet connecting pipe, a liquid film forming device, a second liquid pool and a water inlet connecting pipe, wherein the first water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the first liquid pool, the second water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the first liquid pool and the throttle valve, the third water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the throttle valve and the liquid film forming device, and the water inlet connecting pipe is connected between the second liquid pool and the constant pressure pump;
the constant pressure pump is used for extracting and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution in the second liquid pool, the first liquid pool is used for storing the metal nanoparticle solution, the flow regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate of the metal nanoparticle solution, the liquid film forming device is composed of two fine metal wires which are vertically downward and are 5mm apart, the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the third water outlet connecting pipe is led between the two fine metal wires, a flowing liquid film is formed between the two fine metal wires under the action of gravity and the tension of liquid, and the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the liquid film forming device flows back to the second liquid pool.
In an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the liquid film is greater than or equal to 90 micrometers and less than or equal to 110 micrometers.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the medium detecting device is a liquid column generating device, configured to generate the liquid column, and includes: the device comprises a liquid pool, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe and a needle tube spray head, wherein the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid pool and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the needle tube spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping and pressurizing metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool, and a round hole with the diameter of 0.1mm or more and 0.2mm or less is arranged at the outlet of the needle tube spray head.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid film is a continuous, stable, flow rate-fixed, shape-unchanged liquid film, and the liquid column is a continuous, stable, flow rate-fixed, shape-unchanged liquid column.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal nanoparticle solution is formed by mixing metal nanoparticles with distilled water, and a concentration of the metal nanoparticles is greater than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 90%.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal in the metal nanoparticle is gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the laser is a femtosecond laser, and the frequency of the chopper is greater than or equal to 100Hz and less than or equal to 300Hz; the intensity of the strong terahertz wave electric field generated by the DAST organic crystal is more than or equal to 0.3MV/cm and less than or equal to 14.9MV/cm; the included angle between the Jiang Tai Hertz wave reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector and the plane where the medium detection device is located is more than or equal to 80 degrees and less than or equal to 100 degrees.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the constant pressure pump is a miniature self-priming peristaltic pump with rated power of 5 w.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which includes the following steps:
step S1: emitting a 800nm horizontally polarized laser beam by the laser;
step S2: the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beam is divided into a pump light beam and a detection light beam by the spectroscope;
step S3: the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the DAST organic crystal generates strong terahertz waves based on a light rectification method, the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter to filter stray light, and then the stray light is reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector and then focused to a liquid film or a liquid column generated by the medium detection device;
step S4: the detection light sequentially passes through the plane reflector and the second off-axis parabolic reflector, then passes through the BBO frequency doubling crystal to generate a 400nm light beam, and finally is focused on the liquid film or the liquid column together with the Jiang Tai Hz wave, and a second harmonic wave induced by the strong terahertz wave is generated at the liquid film or the liquid column due to a four-wave mixing effect;
step S5: the second harmonic is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through the convex lens, and the parallel light beams are filtered out by the 400nm filter to obtain 800nm light beams, and then the photomultiplier is used as a terahertz wave detector to coherently detect the high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
The invention provides a system and a method for detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by utilizing a metal nanoparticle solution. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the liquid film or the liquid column is innovatively generated by using the metal nanoparticle solution, and then the terahertz wave is coherently detected, so that the method has high generation efficiency, simple system constitution, low construction cost, easy maintenance and high stability, fills up the blank in the technical field of broadband strong terahertz wave liquid water medium detection at the present stage, and has stronger scientific research and practical application values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (top view) of a system for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a liquid film generating apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a liquid column generating device in the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a laser; 2-spectroscope; 3-optical parametric amplifier; 4-chopper; 5-DAST organic crystals; 6-terahertz filter plate; 7-a first off-axis perforated parabolic mirror; 8-plane mirrors; 9-a second off-axis parabolic mirror; 10-BBO frequency doubling crystal; 11-a medium detection device; 12-convex lenses; 13-400nm filter plate; 14-photomultiplier tubes; 101-a constant pressure pump; 102-a first water outlet connecting pipe; 103-a first liquid pool; 104-a second water outlet connecting pipe; 105-throttle valve; 106-a third water outlet connecting pipe; 107-a liquid film forming device; 108-a second liquid pool; 109-a water inlet connecting pipe; 201-a liquid pool; 202-a first connection tube; 203-constant pressure pump; 204-a second connecting tube; 205-needle nozzle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (top view) of a system for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, and as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a system for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which includes a laser (1), a spectroscope (2), an optical parametric amplifier (3), a chopper (4), a DAST organic crystal (5), a terahertz filter (6), a first off-axis perforated parabolic mirror (7), a planar mirror (8), a second off-axis parabolic mirror (9), a BBO frequency doubling crystal (10), a medium detection device (11), a convex lens (12), a 400nm filter (13) and a photomultiplier (14) sequentially disposed on an optical path, wherein:
the laser (1) is used for emitting 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams, and the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams are separated into a pump light beam and a detection light beam through the spectroscope (2): the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier (3) and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the laser with the wavelength of 1550nm is modulated by the chopper (4) and then generates strong terahertz waves through the DAST organic crystal (5), the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter (6) to filter stray light, and then the stray light is focused to the medium detection device (11) through the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector (7); the detection light is focused on a medium detection device (11) through a BBO frequency doubling crystal (10) and the Jiang Tai Hz wave after being reflected by a plane reflector (8) and a second off-axis parabolic reflector (9) in sequence; wherein the focal length of the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector (7) is 2 inches and the focal length of the second off-axis parabolic reflector (9) is 4 inches;
the medium detection device (11) utilizes a metal nanoparticle solution to generate a liquid film or a liquid column, and the Jiang Tai Hz wave and the detection light are focused on the medium detection device together to generate a four-wave mixing effect; the metal nanoparticle solution is formed by mixing metal nanoparticles with distilled water, wherein the concentration of the metal nanoparticles is between 10% and 90% (more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 90%), and the metal in the metal nanoparticles can be gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten, for example. The liquid film generated by the medium detecting device (11) is vertically downward, and the liquid film is continuous, stable, fixed in flow rate and unchanged in appearance. The liquid column generated by the medium detecting device (11) is also a continuous, stable liquid column with fixed flow rate and unchanged appearance.
After the Jiang Tai Hz wave and the detection light are focused through the liquid film or the liquid column to generate a four-wave mixing effect, the four-wave mixing effect is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through a convex lens (12), after the 800nm light beams are filtered through a 400nm filter (13), only the 400nm light beams pass through, finally, the light beams enter a photomultiplier (14) to detect the terahertz intensity, and the photomultiplier (14) is used as a terahertz wave detector to coherently detect the high-intensity broadband terahertz wave.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a liquid film generating apparatus according to the present invention, and when the medium detecting apparatus (11) is used for generating a liquid film, the medium detecting apparatus (11) is a liquid film generating apparatus, the structure of which is shown in fig. 2, and includes: a constant pressure pump (101), a first water outlet connecting pipe (102), a first liquid tank (103), a second water outlet connecting pipe (104), a throttle valve (105), a third water outlet connecting pipe (106), a liquid film forming device (107), a second liquid tank (108) and a water inlet connecting pipe (109), wherein the first water outlet connecting pipe (102) is connected between the constant pressure pump (101) and the first liquid tank (103), the second water outlet connecting pipe (104) is connected between the first liquid tank (103) and the throttle valve (105), the third water outlet connecting pipe (106) is connected between the throttle valve (105) and the liquid film forming device (107), and the water inlet connecting pipe (109) is connected between the second liquid tank (108) and the constant pressure pump (101);
the constant pressure pump (101) is used for extracting and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution in the second liquid pool (108), the first liquid pool (103) is used for storing the metal nanoparticle solution, the flow regulating valve (105) is used for regulating the flow rate of the metal nanoparticle solution, the liquid film forming device (107) is composed of two fine metal wires which are vertically downward and are 5mm apart, the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the third water outlet connecting pipe (106) is led between the two fine metal wires, a flowing liquid film is formed between the two fine metal wires under the action of gravity and the tension of liquid, and the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the liquid film forming device (107) flows back to the second liquid pool (108).
In this embodiment, the thickness of the liquid film is between 90 micrometers and 110 micrometers (greater than or equal to 90 micrometers and less than or equal to 110 micrometers), and the liquid film should be continuous, stable, with a fixed flow rate, and without a change in shape, so as to ensure the stability of the system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a liquid column generating device according to the present invention, and when the medium detecting device (11) is used for generating a liquid column, the medium detecting device (11) is a liquid column generating device, and the structure thereof is as shown in fig. 3, and the device comprises: the device comprises a liquid pool (201), a first connecting pipe (202), a constant pressure pump (203), a second connecting pipe (204) and a needle tube spray head (205), wherein the first connecting pipe (202) is connected between the liquid pool (201) and the constant pressure pump (203), the second connecting pipe (204) is connected between the constant pressure pump (203) and the needle tube spray head (205), the constant pressure pump (203) is used for extracting and pressurizing metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool (201), and a round hole with the diameter of 0.1-0.2 mm (more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm) is arranged at an outlet of the needle tube spray head (205).
In the embodiment, the second water outlet connecting pipe (104) is a latex hose with the aperture of 6 mm-8 mm, and the first water outlet connecting pipe (102), the third water outlet connecting pipe (106), the water inlet connecting pipe (109), the first connecting pipe (202) and the second connecting pipe (204) are all PVC latex hoses with the aperture of 2.5-4.5 mm. In other embodiments, the dimensions of the connecting pipes may be further adjusted to adapt to practical needs, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In this embodiment, the liquids in the first liquid pool (103), the second liquid pool (108) and the liquid pool (201) are metal nanoparticle solutions.
In this embodiment, the laser (1) may be a femtosecond laser, the frequency of the chopper (3) may be between 100 and 300Hz (100 Hz or more and 300Hz or less), and the constant pressure pumps (101 and 203) may be micro self-priming peristaltic pumps with rated power of 5 w.
In this embodiment, the strong terahertz wave generated by the DAST organic crystal (5) has an electric field strength (also field strength) of 0.3-14.9 MV/cm (0.3 MV/cm or more and 14.9MV/cm or less), which is a strong terahertz source.
In this embodiment, the included angle between the terahertz wave reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic mirror (7) and the plane of the medium detection device (11) is between 80 ° and 100 ° (80 ° or more and 100 ° or less).
The invention also provides a method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which can be realized by a system shown in fig. 1, for example, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: emitting a 800nm horizontally polarized laser beam by the laser;
step S2: the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beam is divided into a pump light beam and a detection light beam by the spectroscope;
step S3: the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the DAST organic crystal generates strong terahertz waves based on a light rectification method, the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter to filter stray light, and then the stray light is reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector and then focused to a liquid film or a liquid column generated by the medium detection device;
step S4: the detection light sequentially passes through the plane reflector and the second off-axis parabolic reflector, then passes through the BBO frequency doubling crystal to generate a 400nm light beam, and finally is focused on the liquid film or the liquid column together with the Jiang Tai Hz wave, and a second harmonic wave induced by the strong terahertz wave is generated at the liquid film or the liquid column due to the four-wave mixing effect, so that the detection light can be used for coherently detecting the high-intensity broadband terahertz wave;
step S5: the second harmonic is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through the convex lens, after the parallel light beams pass through the 400nm filter to filter the 800nm light beams, only the 400nm light beams pass through the filter, the terahertz intensity is detected by the photomultiplier, and the photomultiplier is used as a terahertz wave detector to coherently detect the high-intensity broadband terahertz wave.
In the present invention, the signal light such as "light" and "light beam" propagates in the same horizontal plane, that is, the signal light between any two elements in fig. 1 is in the same horizontal plane, and the generated terahertz wave is also received in the same horizontal plane.
The system and the method for coherently detecting the broadband strong terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle solution provided by the invention creatively apply the metal nanoparticle solution to generate the liquid film and the liquid column, and coherently detect the terahertz wave, have the advantages of high detection efficiency, simple system constitution, low construction cost, easy maintenance and high stability, make up the blank in the technical field of coherently detecting the high-intensity broadband terahertz wave by using the metal nanoparticle, and have stronger scientific research and practical application values.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the drawing is a schematic diagram of one embodiment and the modules or flows in the drawing are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be distributed in the apparatus of the embodiments according to the description of the embodiments, or may be located in one or more apparatuses different from the present embodiments with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The system for coherently detecting the broadband strong terahertz wave by utilizing the metal nanoparticle solution is characterized by comprising a laser, a spectroscope, an optical parametric amplifier, a chopper, a DAST organic crystal, a terahertz filter, a first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector, a plane reflector, a second off-axis parabolic reflector, a BBO frequency doubling crystal, a medium detection device, a convex lens, a 400nm filter and a photomultiplier which are sequentially arranged on an optical path, wherein:
the laser is used for emitting 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams, and the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beams are separated into a pump light beam and a detection light beam through the spectroscope: the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the laser with the wavelength of 1550nm is modulated by the chopper and then generates strong terahertz waves through the DAST organic crystal, the electric field intensity of the Jiang Tai terahertz waves is more than or equal to 0.3MV/cm and less than or equal to 14.9MV/cm, the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter to filter stray light, and then the stray light is focused to the medium detection device through the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector; the detection light is focused on the medium detection device through the BBO frequency doubling crystal and the Jiang Tai Hz wave after being reflected by the plane reflector and the second off-axis parabolic reflector in sequence;
wherein the focal length of the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector is 2 inches and the focal length of the second off-axis parabolic reflector is 4 inches; the medium detection device is a liquid film generation device or a liquid column generation device, the medium detection device utilizes a metal nanoparticle solution to generate a liquid film or a liquid column, the metal nanoparticle solution is formed by mixing metal nanoparticles with distilled water, the concentration of the metal nanoparticles is more than or equal to 10% and less than or equal to 90%, jiang Tai Hertz waves and detection light are focused on the medium detection device together to generate a four-wave mixing effect, then the four-wave mixing effect is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through the convex lens, and the parallel light beams enter the photomultiplier to detect broadband strong terahertz wave signals after the 800nm light beams are filtered by the 400nm filter.
2. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein the liquid film generating means for generating the liquid film includes: the device comprises a constant pressure pump, a first water outlet connecting pipe, a first liquid pool, a second water outlet connecting pipe, a throttle valve, a third water outlet connecting pipe, a liquid film forming device, a second liquid pool and a water inlet connecting pipe, wherein the first water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the first liquid pool, the second water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the first liquid pool and the throttle valve, the third water outlet connecting pipe is connected between the throttle valve and the liquid film forming device, and the water inlet connecting pipe is connected between the second liquid pool and the constant pressure pump;
the constant pressure pump is used for extracting and pressurizing the metal nanoparticle solution in the second liquid pool, the first liquid pool is used for storing the metal nanoparticle solution, the throttle valve is used for adjusting the flow rate of the metal nanoparticle solution, the liquid film forming device is composed of two fine metal wires which are vertically downward and are 5mm apart, the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the third water outlet connecting pipe is led between the two fine metal wires, a flowing liquid film is formed between the two fine metal wires under the action of gravity and the tension of liquid, and the metal nanoparticle solution flowing out of the liquid film forming device flows back to the second liquid pool.
3. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the liquid film is 90 micrometers or more and 110 micrometers or less.
4. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein the liquid column generating means for generating the liquid column includes: the device comprises a liquid pool, a first connecting pipe, a constant pressure pump, a second connecting pipe and a needle tube spray head, wherein the first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid pool and the constant pressure pump, the second connecting pipe is connected between the constant pressure pump and the needle tube spray head, the constant pressure pump is used for pumping and pressurizing metal nanoparticle solution in the liquid pool, and a round hole with the diameter of 0.1mm or more and 0.2mm or less is arranged at the outlet of the needle tube spray head.
5. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the liquid film is a continuous, stable, flow-rate-fixed, shape-unchanged liquid film, and the liquid column is a continuous, stable, flow-rate-fixed, shape-unchanged liquid column.
6. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein the metal in the metal nanoparticles is gold, platinum, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium or tungsten.
7. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 1, wherein the laser is a femtosecond laser, and the frequency of the chopper is 100Hz or more and 300Hz or less; the included angle between the Jiang Tai Hertz wave reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector and the plane where the medium detection device is located is more than or equal to 80 degrees and less than or equal to 100 degrees.
8. The system for coherent detection of broadband strong terahertz waves using a metal nanoparticle solution according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the constant pressure pump is a miniature self-priming peristaltic pump with a rated power of 5 w.
9. A method for coherently detecting broadband strong terahertz waves by using a metal nanoparticle solution, which is realized by the system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: emitting a 800nm horizontally polarized laser beam by the laser;
step S2: the 800nm horizontal polarized laser beam is divided into a pump light beam and a detection light beam by the spectroscope;
step S3: the pump light passes through the optical parametric amplifier and then outputs laser with the wavelength of 1550nm, the DAST organic crystal generates strong terahertz waves based on a light rectification method, the Jiang Tai terahertz waves sequentially pass through the terahertz filter to filter stray light, and then the stray light is reflected by the first off-axis perforated parabolic reflector and then focused to a liquid film or a liquid column generated by the medium detection device;
step S4: the detection light sequentially passes through the plane reflector and the second off-axis parabolic reflector, then passes through the BBO frequency doubling crystal to generate a 400nm light beam, and finally is focused on the liquid film or the liquid column together with the Jiang Tai Hz wave, and a second harmonic wave induced by the strong terahertz wave is generated at the liquid film or the liquid column due to a four-wave mixing effect;
step S5: the second harmonic is converged into a beam of parallel light beams through the convex lens, and the parallel light beams are filtered out by the 400nm filter to obtain 800nm light beams, and then the photomultiplier is used as a terahertz wave detector to coherently detect the high-intensity broadband terahertz waves.
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