CN114162073A - Triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof - Google Patents
Triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114162073A CN114162073A CN202111318153.7A CN202111318153A CN114162073A CN 114162073 A CN114162073 A CN 114162073A CN 202111318153 A CN202111318153 A CN 202111318153A CN 114162073 A CN114162073 A CN 114162073A
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a triple-coupling trigger structure which comprises a hollow cylindrical first trigger structure, a second trigger structure arranged at the bottom of the first trigger structure and a plug trigger structure matched with the second trigger structure, wherein the second trigger structure is a chamfer obliquely arranged towards the inner side. The invention also provides an application of the triple coupling trigger structure. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the impact-resistant structure can absorb impact kinetic energy to the maximum extent, and has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing difficulty, thereby greatly improving the impact resistance of the structure.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of energy absorption structures of vehicles, in particular to a triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The crashworthiness refers to the purpose of protecting the safety of passengers by absorbing impact kinetic energy through self deformation or damage when vehicles such as civil aircrafts and the like have a crash accident. Although the civil aviation industry is continuously developing, the probability of accidents occurring in the processes of taking off and landing and the like is not reduced, and the occurrence frequency of the accidents is also continuously increased. Therefore, designing a fuselage structure with good crashworthiness becomes a key problem which must be solved in the design of civil aircraft.
Maintaining the passenger living space during a collision and limiting the loads transmitted to the passenger are objectives in civil aircraft crash resistance design. The civil aircraft mainly achieves the purpose of protecting the safety of passengers through three aspects of an undercarriage system, an airframe structure and a passenger seat system, and the airframe structure is used as a main energy absorption structure and has irreplaceable effect in the crashworthiness design process.
The energy absorption structure has two types of metal and composite material, and the composite material structure is widely applied due to the advantages of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, good energy absorption and the like. The composite structure can generate complex failure modes under impact crushing load, such as fiber splitting, matrix shearing, local buckling, tearing, outward stretching, layering and the like. Once an unstable failure mode occurs, the crashworthiness of the composite structure can be greatly affected. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the energy absorption characteristics of the composite material structure by a reasonable impact resistance design method and improve the energy absorption efficiency of the material.
The energy absorption structure is characterized in that a failure trigger mechanism is introduced into the energy absorption structure, the composite material structure can be controllably induced to generate a gradual and stable failure mode, the method is one of effective methods for improving the crash resistance of the structure, and the structural design of the trigger is an important research content for improving the crash resistance of the composite material structure. The single trigger mechanism can improve the crashworthiness of the composite material structure to a certain extent, but the composite material structure still cannot meet the requirement of the current vehicles such as automobiles or airplanes on crashworthiness of the structure.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention discloses a triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof, which can enable a collision-resistant structure to absorb impact kinetic energy to the maximum extent, have simple structure and low manufacturing difficulty, and greatly improve the collision resistance of the structure, thereby solving the technical problems related to the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a triple coupling trigger structure, includes the first trigger structure of hollow tube-shape, set up in the second trigger structure of first trigger structure bottom and with second trigger structure complex stopper trigger structure, the chamfer that the second trigger structure set up for inside side direction slope.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the first triggering structure includes single-layer plates which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and have sequentially decreasing buckling strengths.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the first trigger structure includes a main cylinder and a plurality of through holes arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder and arranged in an array along a circumferential direction of the main cylinder.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the first triggering structure includes a main cylinder and a plurality of slits arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder and arrayed along a circumferential direction of the main cylinder.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the slit is provided with a plurality of slits along a height direction of the main cylinder.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the first trigger structure includes a main cylinder and a plurality of saw teeth disposed at the bottom of the main cylinder and arranged in an array along a circumferential direction of the main cylinder.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the third trigger structure is disposed at the bottom of the saw tooth.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the plug trigger structure includes a plug body portion and an annular groove formed recessed from the plug body portion and matching in shape with the first trigger structure to receive the second trigger structure.
As a preferable improvement of the present invention, the cross section of the first trigger structure is circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, polygonal and irregular.
The invention also provides an application of the triple coupled trigger structure, and the triple coupled trigger structure is applied to vehicles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the impact-resistant structure can absorb impact kinetic energy to the maximum extent, and has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing difficulty, thereby greatly improving the impact resistance of the structure.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a triple-coupled trigger structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the stopper activating structure shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first trigger structure and a second trigger structure provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first trigger structure and a second trigger structure provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first trigger structure and a second trigger structure provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first trigger structure and a second trigger structure provided in embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of triggering the concave plug with square interface according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a concave-circular cross-section-convex plug triggering structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a triggering structure of a square slope convex plug according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the deformation process of the first triggering structure in the annular groove of the plug triggering structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a crush load-crush displacement graph of a chamfer + channel plug trigger structure and a triple coupled trigger structure;
FIG. 12 is a simulation diagram of the collapse process of the chamfered + grooved plug trigger structure and the triple coupled trigger structure;
fig. 13 is a plot of crush load versus short crush displacement for single trigger, dual coupled trigger, and triple coupled trigger configurations;
fig. 14 is a plot of crush load versus incremental crush displacement for single trigger, double coupled trigger, and triple coupled trigger configurations;
FIG. 15 is a simulation diagram of the failure process for a single trigger structure, a double coupled trigger structure, and a triple coupled trigger structure.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a triple-coupled triggering structure, including a hollow cylindrical first triggering structure 1, a second triggering structure 2 disposed at the bottom of the first triggering structure 1, and a plug triggering structure 3 cooperating with the second triggering structure 2, wherein the second triggering structure 2 is a chamfer inclined toward the inside. Thus, the first trigger structure 1, the second trigger structure 2 and the plug trigger structure 3 constitute an integrated triple coupled trigger structure.
Specifically, the cross section of the first trigger structure 1 is circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, polygonal and irregular. The first trigger structure 1 comprises single-layer plates 11 which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and have sequentially decreased buckling strength. The plug trigger structure 3 includes a plug body portion 31 and an annular groove 32 formed recessed from the plug body portion 31 and matching in shape with the first trigger structure 1 to receive the second trigger structure 2. The failure process of the first trigger structure 1 in the annular recess 32 of the stopper trigger structure 5 is illustrated in figure 10.
It should be noted that the plug trigger structure 3 includes, but is not limited to, the shape shown in fig. 2, and may also be a square interface concave plug trigger structure, a concave-circular cross-section-convex plug trigger structure, and a square slope convex plug trigger structure as shown in fig. 7-9.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4 again, embodiment 2 is different from embodiment 1 in that the first trigger structure 1 includes a main cylinder 12 and a plurality of through holes 13 disposed at the bottom of the main cylinder 12 and arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder 12. A plurality of the through holes 13 are arranged along the same horizontal plane and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder 12.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 5 again, embodiment 3 is different from embodiment 1 in that the first triggering mechanism 1 includes a main cylinder 12 and a plurality of slits 14 disposed at the bottom of the main cylinder 12 and arrayed along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder 12. The slits 14 are provided in plural along the height direction of the main cylinder 12.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 6 again, embodiment 4 is different from embodiment 1 in that the first trigger structure 1 includes a main cylinder 12 and a plurality of saw teeth 15 disposed at the bottom of the main cylinder 12 and arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder 12. The shape of the serrations 15 is not limited to the isosceles trapezoid shown in the drawings, but also includes, but is not limited to, a rectangle, a racetrack, etc.
It should be further noted that the third trigger structure 3 is disposed at the bottom of the sawtooth 15.
The crash resistance of the triple-coupled trigger structures provided in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention was investigated in example 5.
Example 5
Suppose the first trigger structure is a composite square tube, and the bottom section is a square with side length of 63.5mm and height of 50 mm. And performing crushing energy absorption numerical simulation experiments on different trigger structures by adopting software.
Referring to fig. 11, it can be seen that the crush behavior corresponding to the triple-coupled trigger structure is similar to the crush behavior corresponding to the double-coupled trigger structure, such as initial peak load, lifting tendency, and initial stress distribution, before a displacement of 25 mm. However, after 25mm displacement, the crush load corresponding to the remaining triple-coupled trigger structure was rapidly reduced except for the chamfer + material property gradient snap + channel plug trigger (corresponding to example 1). This is because the high-to-medium degree buckling failure is caused by the chamfer + the slot plug trigger, the chamfer + the open hole + the slot plug trigger (corresponding to embodiment 2), the chamfer + the open hole + the slot plug trigger (corresponding to embodiment 3), and the chamfer + the zigzag + the slot plug trigger (corresponding to embodiment 4).
Referring again to fig. 12, it can be seen that the chamfer + material property gradient collapse + channel plug triggering represents a steadily increasing initial load, a higher steady crushing load, accompanied by smaller fluctuations, and no buckling failure is generated in the corresponding whole crushing process. Therefore, the chamfer + material property gradient reduction type + trench plug triggering has obvious advantages compared with other triple coupling type triggering, and all triggering induction characteristics of chamfer triggering, material property gradient reduction type triggering and trench plug triggering are the best one of the researched triggering mechanisms.
Researches prove that the collision resistance of the composite square pipe can be improved greatly by the triple-coupling trigger structure, so that trigger mechanism analysis can be further developed. Fig. 13-15 compare crush load-displacement curves and failure modes for single trigger, double coupled trigger, and triple coupled trigger configurations.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 13, before 22mm displacement, the chamfer + material property gradient snap + channel plug triggering is substantially the same as the corresponding crush behavior of chamfer + material property gradient snap. This is because the material property gradient catadioptric trigger prevents the square tube from buckling failure and the failed material does not contact the walls of the slot. Thus, the channel plug triggering has substantially no effect on the first half of the crush. After the displacement reaches 22mm, the crushing loads corresponding to the double-coupling trigger structure and the triple-coupling trigger structure are obviously changed. As shown in fig. 14, the chamfer + material property gradient snap-off trigger induces an inward and outward expansion mode, while the chamfer + material property gradient snap-off trigger induces a dead material stack and repeated folding mode. In addition, the chamfer + material property gradient break-down + trench plug trigger structure does not remove local material as the punch and slit trigger would remove, but instead accumulates entirely within the trench. Therefore, the load bearing and energy absorption of the square pipe can be improved after the coupling groove type plug is triggered by the chamfer and material property gradient reduction type trigger. The calculation shows that compared with the triggering of chamfer angle and material property gradient reduction type, the triggering of chamfer angle, material property gradient reduction type and groove-shaped plug can improve the energy absorption of the composite square pipe by 26.62% in the stable crushing stage.
In summary, compared with a single trigger structure and a double-trigger structure, the triple-coupled trigger structure provided by the invention does not simply add a slot-type plug or a simple structure combination, but can significantly improve the crashworthiness of the trigger structure, or more stably resist crushing.
The invention also provides an application of the triple coupled trigger structure, and the triple coupled trigger structure is applied to vehicles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the impact-resistant structure can absorb impact kinetic energy to the maximum extent, and has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing difficulty, thereby greatly improving the impact resistance of the structure.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the specification and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a triple coupling trigger structure which characterized in that, including the first trigger structure of hollow tube-shape, set up in the second trigger structure of first trigger structure bottom and with the stopper trigger structure of second trigger structure complex, the chamfer that the second trigger structure set up for inside side direction slope.
2. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the first trigger structure comprises single-layer plates which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and the buckling strength of which is sequentially decreased.
3. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the first trigger structure comprises a main cylinder body and a plurality of through holes arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder body and arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder body in an array mode.
4. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the first trigger structure comprises a main cylinder body and a plurality of gaps arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder body and arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder body in an array mode.
5. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 4, wherein: the gap is provided with a plurality of strips along the height direction of the main cylinder body.
6. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the first trigger structure comprises a main cylinder body and a plurality of sawteeth arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder body and arranged along the circumferential direction of the main cylinder body in an array mode.
7. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 6, wherein: the third trigger structure is arranged at the bottom of the sawtooth.
8. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the plug trigger structure includes a plug body portion and an annular recess formed recessed from the plug body portion and shaped to mate with the first trigger structure to receive the second trigger structure.
9. The triple-coupled trigger structure of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the first trigger structure is circular, oval, rectangular, triangular, polygonal and irregular.
10. Use of a triple coupled trigger structure according to any of claims 1-9, wherein: the triple-coupled trigger structure is applied to a vehicle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111318153.7A CN114162073A (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111318153.7A CN114162073A (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114162073A true CN114162073A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111318153.7A Pending CN114162073A (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Triple coupling trigger structure and application thereof |
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3236333A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1966-02-22 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Energy absorber |
| JPH08326815A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-10 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Absorption structure of impact load |
| US20030034659A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Summe Todd L. | Taper and flare energy absorption system |
| JP2005233263A (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Frp energy absorbing member structure |
| CN204895482U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-23 | 陈文杰 | A energy -absorbing anti -creep device for track transportation vehicles |
| CN105438101A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 中交华安科技（天津）有限公司 | Energy absorption structure of hazardous chemicals transport vehicle |
| CN107380192A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 中南大学 | A kind of energy absorption device for coupling necking down and spalling deformation |
| CN206871011U (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-01-12 | 长安大学 | Car crass multi-buffer energy absorption device |
| CN109094499A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-12-28 | 华侨大学 | A kind of new automobile energy-absorbing box device of the more material mixing of multi-section |
| CN113291333A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-24 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | High-speed subway head car body structure |
-
2021
- 2021-11-09 CN CN202111318153.7A patent/CN114162073A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3236333A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1966-02-22 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Energy absorber |
| JPH08326815A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-10 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Absorption structure of impact load |
| US20030034659A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Summe Todd L. | Taper and flare energy absorption system |
| JP2005233263A (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-02 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Frp energy absorbing member structure |
| CN204895482U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-23 | 陈文杰 | A energy -absorbing anti -creep device for track transportation vehicles |
| CN105438101A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 中交华安科技（天津）有限公司 | Energy absorption structure of hazardous chemicals transport vehicle |
| CN206871011U (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-01-12 | 长安大学 | Car crass multi-buffer energy absorption device |
| CN107380192A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-11-24 | 中南大学 | A kind of energy absorption device for coupling necking down and spalling deformation |
| CN109094499A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-12-28 | 华侨大学 | A kind of new automobile energy-absorbing box device of the more material mixing of multi-section |
| CN113291333A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-24 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | High-speed subway head car body structure |
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Application publication date: 20220311 |