CN114164376A - 一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯及其制造方法,涉及钢铁生产技术领域,其特征在于:其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.08%~0.16%,Si:0.13%~0.38%,Mn:0.40%~0.60%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.015%,Cr:0.80%~1.10%,Mo:0.20%~0.35%,V:0.13%~0.25%,Ti≤0.015%,Ni≤0.25%,Cu≤0.28%,Al≤0.025%,Zr≤0.015%,N≤100ppm,H≤4ppm,Sn、As≤0.018%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.015%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。通过合理的元素配比,采用LF、VD精炼处理工艺,使得最终制作的高压锅炉管具备良好的洁净度及窄成分控制等优点,完全满足高压锅炉管的使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁生产技术领域,特别是涉及一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯及其制造方法。
背景技术
高压锅炉用无缝钢管圆管坯主要用于制造火电厂高压力锅炉用蒸汽锅炉的受热面管子、集箱、省煤器等设备的无缝钢管,工作压力一般在9.8MPa以上,工作温度在450~650℃之间,使用环境比较苛刻,经常处于高温和高压条件,钢管在高温烟气和水蒸气的作用下,会发生氧化和腐蚀。要求钢管具有良好的强韧性及抗氧化腐蚀性能,并有良好的稳定性,因此,对原材料的质量要求相当严苛。
高压锅炉用合金钢管多为低碳包晶钢,低碳包晶钢范围普遍碳含量在0.08%~0.17%,通常,高压锅炉合金管坯钢多属于此类钢种,低碳包晶钢从液相冷却到 1495℃时发生包晶反应,易产生强烈的线收缩和体积收缩,导致收缩不均和坯壳厚度不均,在薄弱处容易形成裂纹及凹陷等铸坯表面质量缺陷,是连铸工序较难生产的钢种之一,多年来高压锅炉管制造企业均采用热轧圆钢进行+冷轧冷拔工艺制管,制造成本较高。
与此同时,随着环境要求与能源要求日益增加,实现钢铁材料的低成本化与低排放成为钢铁产业一个重要的发展趋势。以高压锅炉用圆坯为例,连铸圆坯在保证性能的前提下,可省去圆钢轧制费用,制管采用连铸圆坯+热轧管工艺替代冷轧冷拔工艺,可降低生产成本,极大地提升了用户品种的竞争力和效益。因此,开发高压锅炉用连铸圆坯具有重大经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
本发明针对上述技术问题,克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯,其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.08%~0.16%,Si:0.13%~0.38%,Mn:0.40%~0.60%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.015%,Cr:0.80%~1.10%,Mo:0.20%~0.35%,V:0.13%~0.25%,Ti≤0.015%,Ni≤0.25%,Cu≤0.28%,Al≤0.025%,Zr≤0.015%,N≤100ppm,H≤4ppm,Sn、As≤0.018%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.015%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是:
前所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.09%~0.12%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.45%~0.55%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.010%,Cr:0.95%~1.05%,Mo:0.26%~0.35%,V:0.19%~0.25%,Ti≤0.010%,Ni≤0.20%,Cu≤0.20%,Al≤0.015%,Zr≤0.010%,N≤80ppm,H≤2ppm,Sn、As≤0.015%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.010%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
前所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.09%~0.11%,Si:0.22%~0.28%,Mn:0.48%~0.53%,P≤0.012%,S≤0.008%,Cr:0.96%~1.03%,Mo:0.27%~0.32%,V:0.19%~0.23%,Ti≤0.010%,Ni≤0.15%,Cu≤0.15%,Al≤0.012%,Zr≤0.010%,N≤60ppm,H≤2ppm,Sn、As≤0.015%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.010%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,包括:
(1)冶炼工序
EAF冶炼工序:每炉铁水配入量≥50吨,控制电炉终点碳≥0.08%,终点磷≤0.018%,出钢氧含量控制在350ppm以下,出钢温度1600~1680℃,采用偏心炉底无渣出钢,严禁出钢下渣;
LF精炼工序:总计精炼时间≥40min;根据精炼渣况或钢水中硫含量适当补加活性石灰;
使用脱氧造渣剂进行扩散脱氧;进真空前喂纯钙棒包芯线;
使用脱氧造渣剂等扩散脱氧,精炼时间≥40min全程吹氩充分搅拌;
VD真空处理工序:真空度≤5mbar,真空保持时间≥15min,破真空后保证软吹时间≥15min;
(2)连铸工序
Φ150mm断面拉速≤2.6m/min;Φ160mm断面拉速≤2.4m/min;使用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端搅拌,交替;
二次冷却:弱冷,连铸坯冷却时,上下各覆盖一层红钢坯,保证高压锅炉用连铸圆坯的缓慢均匀冷却及平直度;
(3)结晶器足辊设计为圆弧形,连铸扇形段二冷喷嘴交叉分布,喷嘴喷射角度设计为90度,确保连铸圆坯均匀冷却。
前所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,用于制造Φ150-160mm规格的连铸圆坯。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过合理的元素配比,采用LF、VD精炼处理工艺,使得最终制作的高压锅炉管具备良好的洁净度及窄成分控制等优点,完全满足高压锅炉管的使用要求;通过研究不同连铸冷却工艺、结晶器电磁搅拌、末端电磁搅拌工艺参数和不同拉速对连铸坯晶粒生长的影响,提高铸坯的内部质量;通过研究不二次冷却强度、结晶器足辊形状、连铸扇形段二冷喷嘴分布、喷嘴喷射角度等,实现了铸坯的均匀冷却,提高了铸坯表面质量。解决了高压锅炉管连铸圆坯表面凹陷及裂纹缺陷,缩孔、中心疏松等内部缺陷,高压锅炉用钢管采用连铸圆坯替代轧坯、采用热轧工艺替代冷轧冷拔工艺制管,可大大降低钢管制造成本,极大地提升了上下道用户的竞争力和效益,有利于经济的工业规模化生产。
具体实施方式
以下实施例提供的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,包括:
(1)冶炼工序
EAF冶炼工序:每炉铁水配入量50~60吨,控制电炉终点碳≥0.08%,终点磷≤0.015%,出钢氧含量控制在350ppm以下,出钢温度1620~1670℃,采用偏心炉底无渣出钢,严禁出钢下渣;
LF精炼工序:总计精炼时间40~70min;根据精炼渣况或钢水中硫含量适当补加活性石灰;
使用脱氧造渣剂进行扩散脱氧;进真空前喂纯钙棒包芯线;
使用脱氧造渣剂等扩散脱氧,精炼时间40~70min全程吹氩充分搅拌;
VD真空处理工序:真空度≤1mbar,真空保持时间15~30min,破真空后保证软吹时间≥15min;
(2)连铸工序
Φ150mm断面拉速2.0~2.4m/min;Φ160mm断面拉速1.9~2.3m/min;使用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端搅拌,交替;
二次冷却:弱冷,连铸坯冷却时,上下各覆盖一层红钢坯,保证高压锅炉用连铸圆坯的缓慢均匀冷却及平直度;
(3)结晶器足辊设计为圆弧形,连铸扇形段二冷喷嘴交叉分布,喷嘴喷射角度设计为90度,确保连铸圆坯均匀冷却。
各实施例成分如表1所示。
表1 实施例和对比钢的化学成分(wt%)
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Alt | V |
1 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.004 | 0.20 |
2 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.004 | 0.20 |
3 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.005 | 0.21 |
4 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.21 |
5 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.20 |
6 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 0.19 |
7 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.49 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 0.19 |
8 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.49 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.21 |
9 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.47 | 0.013 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.20 |
10 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.50 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.006 | 0.20 |
实施例 | Ti | Mo | N | H | Pb | Sn | As | Zr | Bi | Sb |
1 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 36 | 1.3 | 0.0006 | 0.0104 | 0.0063 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0018 |
2 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 35 | 1.5 | 0.0009 | 0.0110 | 0.0066 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0030 |
3 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 62 | 1.9 | 0.0008 | 0.0063 | 0.0063 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 |
4 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 34 | 1.8 | 0.0007 | 0.0065 | 0.0066 | 0.0020 | 0.0001 | 0.0017 |
5 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 39 | 1.8 | 0.0007 | 0.0065 | 0.0066 | 0.0020 | 0.0002 | 0.0016 |
6 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 33 | 1.7 | 0.0008 | 0.0061 | 0.0067 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 | 0.0017 |
7 | 0.002 | 0.29 | 36 | 1.6 | 0.0008 | 0.0067 | 0.0068 | 0.0020 | 0.0001 | 0.0019 |
8 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 25 | 1.7 | 0.0006 | 0.0063 | 0.0067 | 0.0019 | 0.0000 | 0.0011 |
9 | 0.002 | 0.29 | 36 | 1.6 | 0.0008 | 0.0067 | 0.0068 | 0.0020 | 0.0001 | 0.0019 |
10 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 33 | 1.7 | 0.0008 | 0.0061 | 0.0067 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 | 0.0017 |
选取实施例1-8的连铸圆坯进行低倍、 夹杂物(钢管检测)控制级别检测, 所得数据如表2-3所示。
表2 铸坯低倍结果
编号 | 中心疏松 | 缩孔 | 中心裂纹 | 中间裂纹 | 皮下裂纹 | 皮下气泡 |
1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
表3 钢管夹杂物结果
编号 | A细 | A粗 | B细 | B粗 | C细 | C粗 | D细 | D粗 | Ds |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
表中A,硫化物类;B,氧化铝类;C,硅酸盐类;D,球状氧化物类。
由上表1-3可以看出,高压锅炉用连铸圆坯各项指标均能满足热轧钢技术要求,本发明连铸圆坯在下游加工成高压锅炉用钢管,夹杂物、机械性能、内外部质量均良好,所得实施例的发明圆坯制成的钢管,完全满足高压锅炉管的技术要求,上述结果表明,本发明节省了原材料的加热轧制工序、钢管热轧工艺替代冷轧冷拔工艺,较为经济可行,且可满足高压锅炉管的技术要求。目前,Φ150-Φ160mm规格的高压锅炉用连铸圆坯年需求量在10万吨以上,钢厂毛利在600元/吨,预测经济效益:10万*600=6000万。
除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯,其特征在于:其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.08%~0.16%,Si:0.13%~0.38%,Mn:0.40%~0.60%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.015%,Cr:0.80%~1.10%,Mo:0.20%~0.35%,V:0.13%~0.25%,Ti≤0.015%,Ni≤0.25%,Cu≤0.28%,Al≤0.025%,Zr≤0.015%,N≤100ppm,H≤4ppm,Sn、As≤0.018%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.015%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯,其特征在于:其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.09%~0.12%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.45%~0.55%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.010%,Cr:0.95%~1.05%,Mo:0.26%~0.35%,V:0.19%~0.25%,Ti≤0.010%,Ni≤0.20%,Cu≤0.20%,Al≤0.015%,Zr≤0.010%,N≤80ppm,H≤2ppm,Sn、As≤0.015%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.010%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯,其特征在于:其化学成分及质量百分比为:C:0.09%~0.11%,Si:0.22%~0.28%,Mn:0.48%~0.53%,P≤0.012%,S≤0.008%,Cr:0.96%~1.03%,Mo:0.27%~0.32%,V:0.19%~0.23%,Ti≤0.010%,Ni≤0.15%,Cu≤0.15%,Al≤0.012%,Zr≤0.010%,N≤60ppm,H≤2ppm,Sn、As≤0.015%,Pb、Sb、Bi≤0.010%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
4. 一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,其特征在于:应用于权利要求1-3任意一项,包括:
(1)冶炼工序
EAF冶炼工序:每炉铁水配入量≥50吨,控制电炉终点碳≥0.08%,终点磷≤0.018%,出钢氧含量控制在350ppm以下,出钢温度1600~1680℃,采用偏心炉底无渣出钢,严禁出钢下渣;
LF精炼工序:总计精炼时间≥40min;根据精炼渣况或钢水中硫含量适当补加活性石灰;
使用脱氧造渣剂进行扩散脱氧;进真空前喂纯钙棒包芯线;
使用脱氧造渣剂等扩散脱氧,精炼时间≥40min全程吹氩充分搅拌;
VD真空处理工序:真空度≤5mbar,真空保持时间≥15min,破真空后保证软吹时间≥15min;
(2)连铸工序
Φ150mm断面拉速≤2.6m/min;Φ160mm断面拉速≤2.4m/min;使用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端搅拌,交替;
二次冷却:弱冷,连铸坯冷却时,上下各覆盖一层红钢坯,保证高压锅炉用连铸圆坯的缓慢均匀冷却及平直度;
(3)结晶器足辊设计为圆弧形,连铸扇形段二冷喷嘴交叉分布,喷嘴喷射角度设计为90度,确保连铸圆坯均匀冷却。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高压锅炉用低碳包晶钢连铸圆坯制造方法,其特征在于:用于制造Φ150-160mm规格的连铸圆坯。
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