CN114149292A - Water-soluble fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in eucalyptus additional manuring - Google Patents
Water-soluble fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in eucalyptus additional manuring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114149292A CN114149292A CN202111553430.2A CN202111553430A CN114149292A CN 114149292 A CN114149292 A CN 114149292A CN 202111553430 A CN202111553430 A CN 202111553430A CN 114149292 A CN114149292 A CN 114149292A
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- fertilizer
- water
- eucalyptus
- potassium
- soil
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 9
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;calcium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ca].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NGLMYMJASOJOJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEZAYTDLNNEFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosasodium octaborate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] LEZAYTDLNNEFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[NH4+].[P] LQXZLHKVIRVBTC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002681 soil colloid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000219927 Eucalyptus Species 0.000 description 43
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000012286 Chitinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022172 Chitinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001233195 Eucalyptus grandis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022602 disease susceptibility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003764 sweet protein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of eucalyptus fertilizers, and particularly relates to a water-soluble fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in eucalyptus additional manuring. The water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-55% of organic matter raw material, 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, 5-12% of trace element fertilizer and 1-3% of functional bacteria. The fertilizer is based on the fertilizer requirement characteristics of eucalyptus, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, secondary elements and trace elements are supplemented in a balanced manner; soil organic matters consumed by eucalyptus are supplemented by the organic matter raw material, the soil colloid content is increased, the formation of a granular structure is promoted, the soil looseness is improved, the soil fertility is prevented from being reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; by adding functional bacteria, soil microorganisms are supplemented, the number and activity of floras are increased, and the problem of soil microecological system imbalance caused by eucalyptus planting is solved; the water-soluble fertilizer can adopt various fertilizing modes such as broadcasting, hole application, drip irrigation, flushing, spraying and the like, and is convenient for topdressing of the eucalyptus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of eucalyptus fertilizers, and particularly relates to a water-soluble fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in eucalyptus additional manuring.
Background
The eucalyptus has the characteristics of strong adaptability, rapid growth, high yield per unit, short growth period, straight trunk, wide application, high economic benefit and the like, and is widely promoted by a plurality of countriesAnd (5) wide cultivation. As early as 2015, the area of eucalyptus planted in China reaches 450 kilohm2Above, the column is world third. However, due to the rapid growth characteristic of eucalyptus, a large amount of nutrient resources of forest soil are consumed. The research of Behera and Sahani finds that the conversion from natural forest to eucalyptus artificial forest leads to the reduction of the water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass and the metabolic entropy thereof of soil. Therefore, the large-area planting of the eucalyptus inevitably generates huge fertilizer requirements, and the growth of eucalyptus forest trees can be obviously promoted only by reasonable fertilization.
However, improper fertilization methods cause a series of environmental problems. At present, eucalyptus special fertilizers are more in variety but single in function, all the fertilizers are quick-acting fertilizers, the fertilizer efficiency is quick, the duration is short, the fertilizer loss rate is high, the nutrient utilization rate is low, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is easily caused. In addition, eucalyptus fertilizers in the market are generally in a non-water-soluble state, and the topdressing of the eucalyptus is mostly carried out in a way of spreading or digging shallow pits; the fertilizing amount is automatically increased, the salinization degree of soil is increased, and the land capability is reduced; meanwhile, the fertilizer is leached by rainwater and surface runoff is concentrated to nearby water bodies, so that water eutrophication is caused.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a water-soluble fertilizer with high utilization rate, which can meet the need of top dressing of eucalyptus trees and avoid deterioration of the surrounding soil environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in top dressing of eucalyptus. The water-soluble microbial fertilizer provided by the invention can be used for topdressing of eucalyptus, is high in utilization rate, and does not cause deterioration of the surrounding soil environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-55% of organic matter raw material, 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, 5-12% of trace element fertilizer and 1-3% of functional bacteria.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass: 35-50% of organic matter raw material, 25-40% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 10-18% of secondary element fertilizer, 7-11% of trace element fertilizer and 1.5-2.5% of functional bacteria.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass: 40-45% of organic matter raw materials, 30-35% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 12-15% of secondary element fertilizer, 8-10% of trace element fertilizer and 1.8-2% of functional bacteria.
Preferably, the organic matter raw material comprises one of molasses powder, potassium humate and potassium fulvate.
Preferably, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises three or more of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate and phosphorus ammonium nitrate.
Preferably, the secondary elements in the secondary element fertilizer are calcium and magnesium; the secondary element fertilizer comprises two of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride.
Preferably, the trace elements in the trace element fertilizer are iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper and molybdenum; the microelement fertilizer comprises six of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate.
Preferably, the functional bacteria include two or three of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: mixing the organic matter raw material, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the medium element fertilizer, the trace element fertilizer and the functional bacteria to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
The invention also provides application of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme or the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme in eucalyptus additional manuring.
The invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-55% of organic matter raw material, 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, 5-12% of trace element fertilizer and 1-3% of functional bacteria. The fertilizer is based on the fertilizer requirement characteristics of eucalyptus, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, secondary elements and trace elements are supplemented in a balanced manner; soil organic matters consumed by eucalyptus are supplemented by the organic matter raw material, the soil colloid content is increased, the formation of a granular structure is promoted, the soil looseness is improved, the soil fertility is prevented from being reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; by adding functional bacteria, soil microorganisms are supplemented, the number and activity of floras are increased, and the problem of soil microecological system imbalance caused by eucalyptus planting is solved; the water-soluble fertilizer can adopt various fertilizing modes such as broadcasting, hole application, drip irrigation, flushing, spraying and the like, and is convenient for topdressing of the eucalyptus. The experimental results of the embodiment show that after the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention is used for top dressing of eucalyptus, the tree height and the breast diameter of the eucalyptus are obviously increased, the surrounding soil is not damaged, and the utilization rate is high compared with that of conventional ingredients.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-55% of organic matter raw material, 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, 5-12% of trace element fertilizer and 1-3% of functional bacteria.
In the present invention, the sources of the respective raw materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 30-55% of organic raw materials by mass, preferably 35-50% of organic raw materials by mass, and more preferably 40-45% of organic raw materials by mass. In the invention, the organic matter raw material preferably comprises one of molasses powder, potassium humate and potassium fulvate. In the invention, the organic matter raw material is a water-soluble organic matter raw material and contains organic matters and nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK), so that soil organic matters consumed by eucalyptus can be supplemented, the colloid content of the soil is increased, the formation of a granular structure is promoted, the soil looseness is improved, and the soil fertility is prevented from being reduced.
In the invention, the content of organic matters in the molasses powder is preferably more than or equal to 70% and the content of NPK is preferably more than or equal to 15% by mass; the content of organic matters in the potassium humate is preferably more than or equal to 65 percent, and the content of NPK is preferably more than or equal to 13 percent; the content of organic matters in the potassium fulvate is preferably more than or equal to 60%, and the content of NPK is preferably more than or equal to 11%.
According to the mass content, the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, preferably 25-40%, and more preferably 30-35%. In the invention, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer preferably comprises three or more of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate and phosphorus ammonium nitrate.
According to the mass content, the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, preferably 10-18%, and more preferably 12-15%. In the invention, the secondary element in the secondary element fertilizer is preferably calcium and magnesium; the secondary element fertilizer preferably comprises two of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride.
According to the mass content, the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 5-12% of trace element fertilizer, preferably 7-11%, and more preferably 8-10%. In the invention, the trace elements in the trace element fertilizer are preferably iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper and molybdenum; the microelement fertilizer preferably comprises six of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate.
In the invention, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the secondary element fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer can balance and supplement nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, molybdenum and the like, and meet the nutrition required by the growth of eucalyptus.
According to the mass content, the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 1-3% of functional bacteria, preferably 1.5-2.5%, and more preferably 1.8-2.0%. In the present invention, the functional bacteria preferably include two or three of paenibacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; more preferably a combination of two species of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a combination of two species of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or a combination of three species of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In the invention, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, releasing medium and trace elements held by soil, inhibiting germs, promoting growth and increasing yield; the bacillus licheniformis can improve the disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance of crops; increase soil nutrients, improve soil structure and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers; promoting organic matters in the soil to be decomposed into humus and stimulating the growth of crops; promoting the growth of crops and increasing the yield; has certain effects of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and potassium; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens can promote plant growth and improve plant quality as a biological fertilizer, and can also produce bacteriostatic substances such as sweet protein, antibiotic peptides, chitinase and the like to prevent and treat various plant diseases and reduce the disease susceptibility of plants.
In the present invention, the functional bacteria are preferably microbial powders produced by Fujian Sanju Biotechnology GmbH.
The fertilizer is based on the fertilizer requirement characteristics of eucalyptus, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, secondary elements and trace elements are supplemented in a balanced manner; soil organic matters consumed by eucalyptus are supplemented by the organic matter raw material, the soil colloid content is increased, the formation of a granular structure is promoted, the soil looseness is improved, the soil fertility is prevented from being reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; by adding functional bacteria, soil microorganisms are supplemented, the number and activity of floras are increased, and the problem of soil microecological system imbalance caused by eucalyptus planting is solved; the water-soluble fertilizer can adopt various fertilizing modes such as broadcasting, hole application, drip irrigation, flushing, spraying and the like, and is convenient for topdressing of the eucalyptus.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial fertilizer in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: mixing the organic matter raw material, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the medium element fertilizer, the trace element fertilizer and the functional bacteria to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
According to the invention, an organic matter raw material, a compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, a medium element fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer and functional bacteria are mixed to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer. In the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed under stirring conditions; the stirring time is preferably 20-30 min, and more preferably 25 min. The stirring speed is not specially limited, and all the components can be uniformly mixed.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, and is convenient for industrial production.
The invention also provides application of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme or the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme in eucalyptus additional manuring.
The operation of applying the water-soluble fertilizer to the top dressing of eucalyptus is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the application method of the water-soluble fertilizer well known to those skilled in the art may be adopted. In the invention, the water-soluble fertilizer can be used for topdressing eucalyptus by adopting various fertilization modes such as broadcasting, hole application, drip irrigation, flushing application, spraying and the like.
The following examples are provided to illustrate a water-soluble fertilizer and a method for preparing the same in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The water-soluble fertilizer 1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of organic matter raw material (molasses powder), 22% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (wherein, 8.0% of ammonium chloride, 6.0% of potassium nitrate and 8.0% of monopotassium phosphate), 16% of secondary element fertilizer (wherein, 8.0% of calcium ammonium nitrate and 8.0% of magnesium sulfate), 10% of trace element fertilizer (wherein, 2.5% of ferrous sulfate, 3.0% of boric acid, 2.5% of zinc sulfate, 1.0% of manganese sulfate, 0.8% of copper sulfate and 0.2% of ammonium molybdate), and 2% of functional bacteria (wherein, 1.0% of jelly-like bacillus powder and 1.0% of amyloliquefaciens powder).
The water-soluble fertilizer 1 contains more than or equal to 35 percent of organic matters, more than or equal to 20 percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, more than or equal to 2.0 percent of secondary elements, more than or equal to 2.0 percent of trace elements and more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g of effective viable bacteria.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a metering charging barrel, accurately weighing, putting into a stirring tank, continuously stirring for 25min, fully mixing uniformly, taking out of the tank, and packaging.
Example 2
The water-soluble fertilizer 2 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 31% of organic matter raw material (potassium humate), 45.8% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (wherein, 37.8% of ammonium sulfate, 3.0% of monoammonium phosphate and 5.0% of monopotassium phosphate), 16% of secondary element fertilizer (wherein, 9.0% of calcium nitrate and 7.0% of magnesium nitrate), 5.2% of trace element fertilizer (wherein, 2.0% of ferrous sulfate, 1.0% of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1.0% of zinc sulfate, 0.5% of manganese sulfate, 0.5% of copper sulfate and 0.2% of ammonium molybdate), and 2% of functional bacteria (wherein, 1.0% of bacillus licheniformis powder and 1.0% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder).
The water-soluble fertilizer 2 contains organic matters more than or equal to 20 percent, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium more than or equal to 20 percent, secondary elements more than or equal to 2.0 percent, trace elements more than or equal to 1.0 percent and effective viable count more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The water-soluble fertilizer 3 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of an organic matter raw material (potassium fulvate), 44% of a compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (wherein 28% of ammonium sulfate, 5.0% of monopotassium phosphate, 5.0% of potassium nitrate and 6.0% of ammonium phosphate), 9% of a secondary element fertilizer (wherein 5.0% of calcium chloride and 4.0% of magnesium chloride), 9.5% of a trace element fertilizer (wherein 2.8% of ferrous sulfate, 3.0% of boric acid, 2.0% of zinc sulfate, 1.0% of manganese sulfate, 0.5% of copper sulfate and 0.2% of sodium molybdate), and 2.5% of a functional bacterium (wherein 0.5% of a mucilaginosus-like bacillus powder, 1.0% of a bacillus licheniformis powder and 1.0% of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder).
The water-soluble fertilizer 3 contains organic matters more than or equal to 20 percent, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium more than or equal to 20 percent, secondary elements more than or equal to 2.0 percent, trace elements more than or equal to 2.0 percent and effective viable count more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Performance testing
1. Test materials and methods
The test site is located in a forest farm of Nanjing county in Fujian province, the soil is red-red soil, the tree species are 2-year-old eucalyptus grandis, and 110 plants are planted per mu. The test was set up with one control and 4 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times, with 20 eucalyptus trees per cell, topdressed in 2019 in 3 months.
Treatments 1 to 3 applied organic water-soluble fertilizers of different formulations, and treatment 4 applied a local conventional fertilizer, with the control of no application of any fertilizer, specifically:
treatment 1: the water-soluble fertilizer 1 is shown in the formula of example 1, is diluted by 200 times and then is irrigated to roots, and each plant is fertilized with 0.5kg of fertilizer.
And (3) treatment 2: the formula of the water-soluble fertilizer 2 is shown in example 2, the water-soluble fertilizer is diluted by 200 times and then irrigated into roots, and each plant is fertilized with 0.5kg of fertilizer.
And (3) treatment: the water-soluble fertilizer 3, the formulation of which is shown in 'example 3', is diluted by 200 times and then irrigated into roots, and each plant is fertilized with 0.5kg of fertilizer.
And (4) treatment: conventional fertilizer, N, P, K compound fertilizer with the ratio of 15:7:18, 0.8kg is applied to each hole.
Comparison: no fertilizer is applied.
And (4) surveying the tree vigor after fertilizing for one year, namely 3 months in 2020, selecting 4 eucalyptus with similar growth vigors in each cell, and measuring the tree height and the breast diameter by adopting a per-tree scale method. Collecting soil samples, collecting 20-30 cm deep soil samples by using a soil sampler along a tree crown dripping line, uniformly mixing 4 soil samples in each district, reserving 2.0kg of fresh soil by adopting a quartering method, partially air-drying the fresh soil for detecting organic matters, storing part of the fresh soil in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for detecting alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, a pH value and microbial quantity.
And selecting a eucalyptus tree with consistent growth vigor in each cell, and using the eucalyptus tree to detect forest biomass and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and check the fertilizer utilization rate. The fertilizer utilization rate calculation formula is as follows:
fertilizer utilization rate (forest nutrient absorption-soil fertilizer supply)/(fertilizer application amount x fertilizer element percentage content)
In the formula: forest nutrient absorption amount: the nutrient element absorption amount of the eucalyptus subjected to fertilization is g/plant;
soil fertilizer supply amount: the nutrient element absorption amount of the control eucalyptus, g/plant;
and (3) fertilizer application amount: fertilizing amount of each eucalyptus tree, g/tree;
the percentage content of fertilizer elements is as follows: the content of a single element of the applied fertilizer is expressed in%.
2. Test results
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on Eucalyptus Tree height and chest diameter
| Processing number | Tree height(m) | Chest diameter (cm) |
| Process 1 | 13.5 | 13.1 |
| Treatment 2 | 12.9 | 12.5 |
| Treatment 3 | 13.1 | 12.8 |
| Treatment 4 | 11.7 | 10.8 |
| Control | 8.3 | 7.5 |
As can be seen from table 1, after one year of fertilization, the eucalyptus trees applied with the water-soluble fertilizer had a higher height and a larger diameter at breast height than those applied with the conventional fertilizer and without the fertilizer. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were 1.8m, 1.2m and 1.4m higher than those of treatment 4 (conventional fertilization), respectively, and 2.3cm, 1.7cm and 2.0cm thicker than the breast diameters of the control, respectively. Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5.2, 4.6, 4.8 and 3.4m higher than the control (no fertilizer application) and 5.6, 5.0, 5.3 and 3.3cm thicker than the control. The water-soluble fertilizer is rich in a large amount of trace elements, medium amount of trace elements and provides nutrients required by eucalyptus comprehensively; the organic matter can promote the growth of root system, the functional bacteria can secrete secondary metabolite, the root leading, promoting and rooting effects are achieved, the good root system can absorb nutrients more easily, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, and the nutrition of the tree body is increased, so that the tree vigor is improved.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on soil Biochemical Properties
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with treatment 4 and the control, treatment 1 to treatment 3 using the organic water-soluble fertilizer can increase the contents of organic matters, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil, improve the pH value of the soil and increase the number of microbial colonies in the rhizosphere soil. The water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention has balanced nutrients, and the organic matters can increase the number of soil colloids, loosen the soil, increase the air permeability, adjust the pH value of the soil and improve the soil fertility. In addition, in the soil environment with sufficient organic matters, ventilation and moderate pH value, the functional bacteria have more active microbial activity, enhance reproductive capacity, improve the number of microorganisms in root systems and balance the microecological unbalance phenomenon of the system in a balanced area after long-term use.
TABLE 3 Fertilizer utilization rates for different treatments
| Processing number | N | P2O5 | K2O |
| Process 1 | 33.2％ | 19.3％ | 27.5％ |
| Treatment 2 | 32.8％ | 20.6％ | 26.1％ |
| Treatment 3 | 33.6％ | 22.1％ | 29.3％ |
| Treatment 4 | 29.4％ | 17.0％ | 22.8％ |
As can be seen from Table 3, the application of the organic water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention significantly improved N, P compared to the conventional application (treatment 4)2O5And K2O fertilizer utilization. The organic matter and the functional bacteria contained in the organic water-soluble fertilizer improve the soil structure, so that the soil fertilizer-retaining capacity is enhanced, the root system growth is promoted, and the nutrient absorption capacity of trees is improved, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the organic water-soluble fertilizer has important significance for reducing fertilizer loss and lightening the environmental pollution problem of fertilization.
According to the comparative example and the embodiment, the water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention can comprehensively provide nutrients required by eucalyptus, and can improve the utilization rate and regulate the soil environment when being used for top dressing of the eucalyptus.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water-soluble fertilizer comprising, by mass: 30-55% of organic matter raw material, 20-46% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 8-20% of secondary element fertilizer, 5-12% of trace element fertilizer and 1-3% of functional bacteria.
2. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized by comprising, by mass: 35-50% of organic matter raw material, 25-40% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 10-18% of secondary element fertilizer, 7-11% of trace element fertilizer and 1.5-2.5% of functional bacteria.
3. The water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized by comprising, by mass: 40-45% of organic matter raw materials, 30-35% of compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 12-15% of secondary element fertilizer, 8-10% of trace element fertilizer and 1.8-2% of functional bacteria.
4. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic material comprises one of molasses powder, potassium humate and potassium fulvate.
5. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises three or more of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate and phosphorus ammonium nitrate.
6. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the secondary elements in the secondary element fertilizer are calcium and magnesium; the secondary element fertilizer comprises two of calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium chloride.
7. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the trace elements in the trace-element fertilizer are iron, zinc, boron, manganese, copper and molybdenum; the microelement fertilizer comprises six of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate.
8. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the functional bacteria comprise two or three of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
9. A method of producing a water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: mixing the organic matter raw material, the compound nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the medium element fertilizer, the trace element fertilizer and the functional bacteria to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer.
10. The water-soluble fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 9 is applied to top dressing of eucalyptus.
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