CN103986261B - A kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform - Google Patents
A kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform Download PDFInfo
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- CN103986261B CN103986261B CN201410143274.6A CN201410143274A CN103986261B CN 103986261 B CN103986261 B CN 103986261B CN 201410143274 A CN201410143274 A CN 201410143274A CN 103986261 B CN103986261 B CN 103986261B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform, with the thickness of any point on magnet steel magnetizing direction by the minimum value H of the maximum value of center thickness to the thickness on both sidesmin, with linear transitions or stepped appearance transition; The width every magnetic air gap determining magnet steel two ends is 1��1.5 times of magnet steel minimum thickness, the length every magnetic air gap ensure electric machine design every magnetic bridge thickness requirement. The shape of inventive design magnet steel and every magnetic air gap so that air gap magnetic density waveform is sinusoidal. Reduce the harmonic wave content in counter electromotive force of motor, reduce motor eddy-current loss, reduce temperature rise, it is to increase efficiency, lifting motor performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of motors, particularly relate to a kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform
Background technology
Along with permanent-magnet synchronous motor designs and develops the maturation gradually with control techniques with complete, and the development of permanent magnet in performance and industrialization, permanent-magnet synchronous motor had both had the good speed regulating characteristic of direct-current machine with it, have again that ac motor structure is simple, easy to maintenance, stable, the advantage of dependable performance and increasing in the demand of every field, development prospect is become better and better. At present, permanent-magnet synchronous motor is widely used in various servomotor, wind power generation field, electromobile driving field and electric main shaft of digital control machine tool motor.
But the harmonic wave comparision contents of the alternating current winding counter-electromotive force of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor of present stage is big, the fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous motor of especially interior embedded concentratred winding, counter-electromotive force harmonic wave content conference causes motor eddy-current loss to increase, temperature rise increases, electrical efficiency declines, and motor performance has comparatively serious impact. The waveform sine that the major cause that permanent-magnet synchronous motor winding counter-electromotive force harmonic wave content is big is the air gap flux density of motor is poor, it is mixed into more even-order harmonic, making the air gap flux density of motor be rendered as trapezoidal wave, thus the harmonic wave content of the counter-electromotive force of winding can be bigger. In the design of salient pole induction motor, designer often adopts the method for non-uniform gap to obtain sinusoidal air gap magnetic density waveform, but this kind of method is not suitable for for permanent-magnet synchronous motor, so a kind of method finding improvement air gap magnetic density waveform being applicable to permanent-magnet synchronous motor seems particularly important.
Therefore, how to improve air gap field waveform and back emf waveform is those skilled in the art's technical issues that need to address.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved
In order to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform, improves the waveform of air gap flux density by designing the magnet steel of special shape.
Technical scheme
A kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform, it is characterised in that: design magnet steel shape and every magnetic air gap so that air gap magnetic density waveform is sinusoidal, design procedure is as follows:
Step 1, the minimum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionminIt is 1��3mm, pole arc factor alphapIt is 0.6��0.95;
Step 2: the maximum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionmax> Hmin;
Step 3: on magnet steel magnetizing direction, the thickness of any point is by the minimum value H of the maximum value of center thickness to the thickness on both sidesmin, with linear transitions or stepped appearance transition;
Step 4: the width every magnetic air gap determining magnet steel two ends is 1��1.5 times of magnet steel minimum thickness, the length every magnetic air gap ensure electric machine design every magnetic bridge thickness requirement.
The maximum value of thickness on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of described step 2
The thickness of any point on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of described step 3Wherein: S is the distance of the maximum value of thickness on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of any point distance magnet steel center line in magnet steel, and L is magnetic pole length.
The described thickness every magnetic bridge is 1��2mm.
Useful effect
A kind of method improving PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform that the present invention proposes, with the thickness of any point on magnet steel magnetizing direction by the minimum value H of the maximum value of center thickness to the thickness on both sidesmin, with linear transitions or stepped appearance transition; The width every magnetic air gap determining magnet steel two ends is 1��1.5 times of magnet steel minimum thickness, the length every magnetic air gap ensure electric machine design every magnetic bridge thickness requirement. The shape of inventive design magnet steel and every magnetic air gap so that air gap magnetic density waveform is sinusoidal. Reduce the harmonic wave content in counter electromotive force of motor, reduce motor eddy-current loss, reduce temperature rise, it is to increase efficiency, lifting motor performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the scheme structural representation of embodiment 1 magnetizing direction thickness sinusoidal variations;
Fig. 2: the linear change programme structural representation of embodiment 2 magnetizing direction thickness;
Fig. 3: the linear change programme structural representation of embodiment 3 magnetizing direction thickness;
In figure, 1 is rotor iron core, 2 permanent magnets, and 3 every magnetic air gap, axis between 4 poles, 5 magnetic pole axis.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:
Magnetic flux �� can be obtained according to magnetic circuit ohm law and equal magnetic potential F divided by magnetic resistance Rm, under the same pole of motor, magnetic circuit is substantially identical, and magnetic resistance is also substantially identical, so the big place of magnetic potential will produce bigger magnetic flux, also will produce bigger magnetic in air gap close. As long as the waveform of the magnetic potential according to the generation of this principle conservative control permanent magnet just can control the waveform of unloaded air gap flux density. And the magnetic potential of permanent magnet is directly proportional to the length on permanent magnet magnetizing direction, so the length on appropriate design permanent magnet magnetizing direction just can control the waveform of air gap flux density, reach the object improving air gap magnetic density waveform.
In order to obtain the air gap magnetic density waveform of sinusoidal, it is necessary to the shape that the thickness that magnet steel is designed on magnetizing direction changes by sinusoidal, design process is as follows.
The first step: the minimum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionminWith pole arc factor alphap
The minimum value of magnet thickness is mainly subject to the restriction of the magnitude of field intensity of magnet steel physical strength and needs, and magnet thickness is more thick, and physical strength is more strong, and the magneticstrength of generation is also more big, but if HminExcessive, the maximum value H of thickness on magnet steel magnetizing direction can be causedmaxCan be bigger, thus the consumption of permanent magnet material can be increased, this not only can increase unnecessary cost also can make motor volume too increase. So HminChoose and to be considered above factor and choose, choose scope proper between 1-3 mm. Pole arc factor alphapThe performance of motor there is is obvious impact, so ��pSuitably choosing according to design requirement, when electric machine design, choosing of pole arc coefficient is generally chosen based on experience value, and its scope is generally 0.6��0.95.
2nd step: the maximum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionmax
In order to obtain the air gap flux density of sinusoidal, Hmax��HminAnd ��pNeed to meet sine relation, so HmaxCan ask for according to following formula.
3rd step: determine thickness transient process
The thickness of permanent magnet will be H from middle thickness according to certain rulemaxPlace be transitioned into the thinnest place of both sides thickness, and in order to obtain the mmf wave closest to sinusoidal waveform, present method adopts sinusoidal rule transition. If the distance of any point distance magnet steel center line is S in magnet steel, the thickness on this magnet steel magnetizing direction is H (Hmin< H < Hmax), magnetic pole length is L, then on permanent magnet magnetizing direction of changing the time, thickness H can obtain according to following formula.
4th step: design is every magnetic air gap
Due to the permanent magnet thick middle of this construction rotor, both sides are thin, so the leakage field between adjacent two magnetic poles is bigger, so being very necessary to design one every the leakage field of magnetic air gap to reduce between adjacent pole. Should every magnetic air gap on magnetic pole both sides, being close to permanent magnet, rectangular every magnetic air gap, its thickness is 1-3mm, specifically can adjust according to motor size, length is from permanent magnet base until rotor, near the edge of motor gas-gap, leaves every Ci Qiao every magnetic air gap and rotor edge, owing to being subject to the restriction of rotor mechanical intensity, can be deteriorated every the too thin rotor mechanical intensity of magnetic bridge, too thick not good every magnetic effect, experimentally gained experience, the thickness every magnetic bridge is that 1��2mm is comparatively applicable.
The rotor structure carrying out according to above method designing can farthest optimize motor gas-gap magnetic flux density waveforms, thus reduces the harmonic wave content of counter-electromotive force, improves the waveform of counter-electromotive force, reduce eddy-current loss, reduce motor temperature rise, it is to increase the efficiency of motor, it is to increase motor performance.
But in the application of general occasion, owing to rotor magnetic pole profile is to the requirement of complete processing, and to the requirement of complete processing in rotor punching making processes, and the restriction of the various factors such as working accuracy, may more difficult enforcement according to above method, so we provide the 2nd kind of method being relatively easy to realize to design, in fact this kind of method be a kind of method compromised.
By observe tradition magnet steel produce air gap magnetic density waveform we find, the top of air gap magnetic density waveform is more flat, even harmonic content is bigger, this is that the magnetic potential evenly produced due to thickness on magnet steel magnetizing direction also evenly causes, as long as so the odd harmonic suitably increased in permanent magnet mmf wave just can improve air gap magnetic density waveform. This is exactly the design philosophy of the 2nd kind of method, and it is different from the first method is mainly reflected in the 2nd step and the 3rd step. In above-mentioned 2nd step, no longer require Hmax��HminAnd ��pMust strictly meet formulaOnly need to ensure Hmax> Hmin, the maximum value of thickness appears at the centre of magnetic pole simultaneously, and minimum value appears at the both sides of magnetic pole. In the third step, no longer require that transient process must by sinusoidal rule transition, as long as the thickness ensureing permanent magnet magnetizing direction dullly is transitioned into the thinnest place of both sides magnetizing direction thickness by the place that middle magnetizing direction thickness is the thickest, transient process is also not necessarily continuous, can be linear transitions, it is also possible to be stepped appearance transition.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
Embodiment 1: it is �� that the first step selectes suitable pole arc coefficient as requiredpAnd the minimum value H of the magnet steel side of magnetizing (this example is radial magnetizing) upwards thicknessmin, wherein choose ��p=0.85, Hmin=2mm. 2nd step is according to formulaCalculate the maximum value H of thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionmaxFor 8.267mm. 3rd sinusoidally from magnet thickness be HmaxMedullary ray on be transitioned into the both sides of magnetic pole. 4th step design every magnetic air gap, this example gets 2mm every magnetic air gap thickness, every magnetic air gap and rotor edge leave 1mm every Ci Qiao. This scheme can well optimize air gap magnetic density waveform, reduces eddy-current loss, it is to increase electrical efficiency. The structure iron obtained by this conceptual design is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2 and embodiment 3: due in actual design due to cost, the strength of materials, the restriction of the factors such as manufacturability, embodiment 1 is more difficult realization comparatively speaking, so the present 2nd kind of method of object that can reach again optimization air gap magnetic density waveform in order to meet the restriction of each factor designs, in fact this embodiment is a kind of compromise to scheme 1. With scheme 1 the difference is that, in the 2nd step, directly choose HmaxFor 7mm, such rotor diameter just can reduce. No longer carry out transition by sinusoidal rule simultaneously, but directly adopt the transient mode of linear transitions or stepped appearance transition to carry out transition. This kind of scheme, simplicity of design, is easy to realize, and good manufacturability, production cost is also lower comparatively speaking. As shown in Figure 2, the design result of stepped appearance transient mode is as shown in Figure 3 for the design result of linear transitions mode.
Above design, can optimization air gap magnetic density waveform to a certain degree, improve back emf waveform, reduce the temperature rise of motor, reduce eddy-current loss, improve electrical efficiency, wherein embodiment 1 best results, but complete processing is required lower by embodiment 2, it is achieved get up easier, so scheme one and scheme two respectively have superiority, determine according to use occasion when selecting.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is improved the method for PMSM Air Gap Flux waveform, it is characterised in that: design magnet steel shape and every magnetic air gap so that air gap magnetic density waveform is sinusoidal, design procedure is as follows:
Step 1, the minimum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionminIt is 1��3mm, pole arc factor alphapIt is 0.6��0.95;
Step 2: the maximum value H determining thickness on magnet steel magnetizing directionmax> Hmin;
Step 3: on magnet steel magnetizing direction, the thickness of any point is by the minimum value H of the maximum value of center thickness to the thickness on both sidesmin, with linear transitions or stepped appearance transition;
Step 4: the width every magnetic air gap determining magnet steel two ends is 1��1.5 times of magnet steel minimum thickness, the length every magnetic air gap ensure electric machine design every magnetic bridge thickness requirement;
The maximum value of thickness on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of described step 2
The thickness of any point on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of described step 3Wherein: S is the distance of the maximum value of thickness on the magnet steel magnetizing direction of any point distance magnet steel center line in magnet steel, and L is magnetic pole length;
The described thickness every magnetic bridge is 1��2mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105449978A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-03-30 | 安徽大学 | Iron-core-free permanent magnet synchronous linear motor with arc permanent magnet |
| CN107147224A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-08 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Stator core and stator, motor and compressor with the stator core |
| CN107171462A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-15 | 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 | Motor and the compressor with the motor |
| CN112751435B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-08-19 | 哈尔滨宇龙自动化有限公司 | Magnetic integrated eccentric magnetic pole structure of external rotor hub motor |
| CN113949185A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-18 | 浙江中车尚驰电气有限公司 | Rotor punching sheet compatible with high speed and low speed, rotor and motor thereof |
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| JP2006325348A (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-30 | Nidec Shibaura Corp | Rotor |
| CN101686002A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 上海特波电机有限公司 | Design method of high power density permanent magnet motor |
| CN102157998A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-08-17 | 上海大学 | Rotor of built-in permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel structural parameter determining method thereof |
| CN102457114A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-16 | 株式会社安川电机 | Rotary electric machine |
| JP5159153B2 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2013-03-06 | 東芝産業機器製造株式会社 | Rotating electric machine rotor and rotating electric machine |
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| JP2006325348A (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-30 | Nidec Shibaura Corp | Rotor |
| JP5159153B2 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2013-03-06 | 東芝産業機器製造株式会社 | Rotating electric machine rotor and rotating electric machine |
| CN101686002A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 上海特波电机有限公司 | Design method of high power density permanent magnet motor |
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