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CN103964935B - Organic active fertilizer - Google Patents

Organic active fertilizer Download PDF

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CN103964935B
CN103964935B CN201310363516.8A CN201310363516A CN103964935B CN 103964935 B CN103964935 B CN 103964935B CN 201310363516 A CN201310363516 A CN 201310363516A CN 103964935 B CN103964935 B CN 103964935B
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fertilizer
soil
agriculture
organic
animal dung
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CN103964935A (en
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詹浩
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Abstract

Organic active fertilizer, animal dung and agriculture and industry waste raw material are carried out activation fermentation and makes organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: animal dung 30-50%, agriculture and industry waste 30-50%, humic acids 5-20%, activation powder 3-20%, biological soil sterilant 1-5%, wood chip or useless bacterium bud 5-20%, magnetized water 5-15%, first by animal dung, agriculture and industry waste, wood chip or useless bacterium bud, 20-80 order is crushed to after humic acid is mixed in proportion, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that high-energy magnetic activated water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating.Be rich in the nutritive substance needed for organic substance and plant growth, easily decompose, improvement soil; preservation of fertility; simultaneously can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, eliminate the pollution to product and environment of germ, virus and agricultural chemicals and heavy-metal residual in raw material, preserve the ecological environment.

Description

Organic active fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to C05G in International Classification of Patents by one or more fertilizer and the material without special fertilizer efficiency, the mixture fertilizer technology that such as agricultural chemicals, soil conditioner, wetting agent form, belongs to fertilizer manufacture field, especially organic active fertilizer.
Background technology
Bio-organic fertilizer is organic solid castoff, comprises organic waste, solid waste that stalk, people, animal, poultry manure, grouts, agricultural byproducts and food-processing produce, through fermentable, deodorizing and the organic fertilizer that is made after becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.Bio-organic fertilizer is rich in several functions microorganism and abundant trace element, Soil structure can be improved, soil compaction can be improved, indirectly play the effect of murdering roundworm egg, root nematode, nutrition, conditioning and health-care effect are played to plant growth, allows soil absorb the larger effectiveness of organic performance.
Bio-organic fertilizer nutritive element is complete, can improve soil, improves the soil compaction using chemical fertilizer to cause.Improve soil physical and chemical property, strengthen the ability of soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer. biologicalmutual symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation is formed with Soil Microorganism after beneficial microorganism in organic fertilizer enters soil, harmful bacteria is suppressed to grow and be converted into probiotics, interact, mutually promote, play the synergy of colony, probiotics produces a large amount of meta-bolitess in growth and breeding process, impels organic decomposition and inversion, directly or indirectly for crop provides multiple nutrients and pungent, can promote and regulation and control plant growth.Improve soil porosity, penetrating exchangeability and plant survival rate, increase probiotics and soil microorganisms and population.Meanwhile, the advantage probiotics group energy formed at crop root suppresses harmful pathogenic bacteria procreation, strengthens the disease index that the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of crop reduces continuous cropping crop, uses year after year and greatly can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.Reducing environmental pollution, to people, animal, environmental safety, nontoxic, is a kind of environment-friendly type fertilizer.
Bio-organic fertilizer resource is very abundant, and kind is many, and quantity is large, is the important source of manure that Chinese agriculture is produced, but it is also the by product of agricultural, Animal husbandry production.Utilizable organic domestic waste in city, mainly from agricultural-food and livestock product.So agricultural, livestock industry develops more, organic manure resource is abundanter.Investigate according to district in all parts of the country, the organic fertilizer used at present just has 14 classes kind more than 100.According to Chinese agriculture yearbook nineteen ninety data, Chinese Pigs amount of livestock on hand about 3.4 hundred million, nearly 100,000,000 of ox, mule donkey 2,700 ten thousand, these cattle waste quantity are large, and nutrient enriches, and are the maximum organic manure resources in Chinese countryside.Wherein pig can be agriculture production every year and provides nitrogen more than 130 ten thousand tons, phosphorus element 850,000 tons, potassium element 1,800,000 tons; Draught animal can provide more than 160 ten thousand tons, nitrogen, 830,000 tons, phosphorus, more than 110 ten thousand tons, potassium.Add have more than 30 hundred million poultry and more than 10 hundred million rabbits every year, its amount of nutrients provided accounts for 63% ~ 72% of rural area organic fertilizer total amount.
Use the organic substance that the bio-organic fertilizer most important is just the increase in soil.Although percent zero point that organic content only accounts for topsoil soils total amount is several to percentum, it is the nucleus of soil, is the essential substance basis of soil fertility.Organic fertilizer has very important impact to the nutrient in the structure of soil, soil, energy, enzyme, moisture, ventilation and microorganism active etc.
Existing biological organic fertilizer comprises animal excrement fermentation fertilizer, utilizes the fermentation fertilizers such as crop material and utilize feces of livestock and poultry and crop material the like waste mixed fermentation fertilizer etc.Wherein, the feces of livestock and poultry such as livestock manure fermented fertilizer chicken manure, pig manure, sheep excrement are utilized to do raw material, moisture controlled is about 40%, about mix all broken containing the+2-3 kilogram of Semen Maydis powder mixing of about 1.6 tons raw materials+5 kilograms of probiotic bacterium liquid, pile wide 2 meters, high 0.5 meter, the bar stack do not limit of length, build with Used Gunny Bag sheet or straw screen or mat, generally in 24 hours, heap temperature can rise to about 50 DEG C; In 48 hours, heap temperature can rise to more than 60 DEG C, and even up to more than 70 DEG C, such temperature spring, summer, autumn general 5-7 days can make heap Raw all become thoroughly decomposed, and stench disappears, and pathogeny bacterium, worm's ovum, grass-seed etc. in raw material all kill.The fertilizer be fermented in this way can be described as ecological organic fertilier, also can be described as pollution free organic fertilizer, and this fertilizer directly can be used in farm crop, also can dry a little and sieve, pack and sell as chemical fertilizer.Utilize the fermentation fertilizer crop materials such as crop material, leaf, weeds, sawdust, vinasse, the organic wastes such as furfural dregs do raw material, first raw material moisture is controlled about 70%, as in raw material, moisture is less, water with water and irrigate, guarantee moisture is suitable, longer crop material is as cornstalk, sorghum rod need be pulverized, because raw material is oversize, inconvenience seed dressing and overturning, every 1000 kilograms of butt starting material with water water the soya-bean cake that irrigates rear available 5 kilograms of bacterium liquid+1% or urea is mixed all, spread the mixing of overturning in the feed, then pile wide 2 meters, the bar stack that high 1 meter of length is not limit, build with plastic cloth, in 24 hours heaps, temperature can reach about 50 DEG C, within 48 hours, temperature can rise to about 70 DEG C, through continuous high temperature in a few days, heap temperature progressively declines, about about two weeks time, raw material after fermentation all becomes thoroughly decomposed, worm's ovum in raw material, grass-seed and pathogeny bacterium are killed entirely, stalk overstrike or chocolate, heap body is than subside when just piling 1/3 or 1/2, raw material after fermentation is flexible by the softness held, very crisp time dry, easy fragmentation, now the fermenting raw materials process such as stalk all completes, the fertilizer be fermented in this way, farm crop can be directly used in and do base manure use, also can brokenly sieve, pack is sold as chemical fertilizer.Utilize feces of livestock and poultry and crop material the like waste mixed fermentation fertilizer, by scrap feed material such as feces of livestock and poultry+crop materials, because various raw material is complicated, nutrient content is each variant, various feces of livestock and poultry nutrient content is also not quite similar, here individual event making method can not be enumerated, as: when being main by fermenting raw materials such as crop materials, the feces of livestock and poultry of about 20% can be dosed, the straw powder of about 20% can be dosed when being and leading with feces of livestock and poultry and do raw material, fermentation process is same as above, if by the fermenting raw materials that acidity is larger, the lime powder of about 1-3% should be dosed when fermenting, to adjust potential of hydrogen to neutral, each crop is applicable to the fertilizer that this method ferments, various soil, both can use by oneself, also can process and make chemical fertilizer sale.The making of biological organic fertilizer with the organic fertilizer after fermentation processing for carrier, add the bio-organic fertilizer that probiotic bacterium processes, refer to a kind of specific organic fertilizer of organism of fermentation containing being of value to plant growth, it had both had effect of microbial fertilizer, had again the effect of organic fertilizer; Be applied in agriculture production, there is significant effect of increasing production.This fertilizer comparison is easy, as: utilize 1000 kilograms, butt organic fertilizer after fermentation processing, add the probiotic bacterium of 1.5%-15%, through fully mixing, overturning, mix all, be processed into bacteria containing amount >=0.2 hundred million to >=2 hundred million/gram bio-organic fertilizer.Bio-organic fertilizer, is applicable to various soil, various farm crop, has quite significant fertilizer effect.Bio-organic fertilizer is one fertilizer completely, organic content is very abundant, not only be rich in the macroelement such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the also medium trace element such as calcic, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, function yeast in bio-organic fertilizer can decompose the mineral phosphorus in soil, the mineral K in soil can be decomposed again, discharge the multiple nutritional components such as phosphorus, potassium, can be lasting provide nutrient endlessly to farm crop.
Biological organic fertilizer decomposes in soil, transforms and forms various humic acid substance.The synthesis of the enzymic activity in plant materials, material, transport and accumulation can be promoted.Humic acid is a kind of polymer substance, and cation exchange capacity is high, has good cnmplexation adsorbability, and heavy metal ion has good Absorptive complex wave effect, effectively can alleviate the murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion to crop, and stop it to enter in plant.But manure use material also has that to there is nutrient content low, not easily decompose, the requirement of high crop yield can not be met in time.Preparation and the use of traditional fertilizer are also very inconvenient, such as, the organic waste such as feces of livestock and poultry, rubbish are again that a class is dirty, rotten, sordes matter, wherein containing many pathogenic micro-organisms, or being mixed into some poisonous substance, is important source of pollution, especially it should be noted that, animal manure just discharges heavy metal, and meeting serious environment pollution, affects the healthy of people.
Relevant improvement opportunity is rare open.
Chinese patent application 01114018.6 1 kinds of compoiste fertilizers and preparation method thereof, be main carriers by feces of livestock and poultry, be equipped with sorbent material, starter, hydrogen matter calcium, animal plasma, silicon oxide, trace element, this fertilizer is environment protection energy-saving efficient fertilizer, can improve soil, culture fertility, improve crop quality.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of organic active fertilizer, effectively can improve prior art, reduces fertilizer and pollutes, and balance nutrient improving product fertility.
Object of the present invention will be realized by following technical measures: animal dung and agriculture and industry waste raw material are carried out activation fermentation and makes organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: animal dung 30-50%, agriculture and industry waste 30-50%, humic acids 5-20%, activation powder 3-20%, biological soil sterilant 1-5%, wood chip or useless bacterium bud 5-20%, magnetized water 5-15%, first by animal dung, agriculture and industry waste, wood chip or useless bacterium bud, 20-80 order is crushed to after humic acid is mixed in proportion, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that high-energy magnetic activated water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating.Animal dung comprises, at least one in ox, sheep, horse, rabbit, chicken, duck and goose excrement.Agriculture and industry waste comprises, at least one in wood chip, stalk, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, vinasse, vinegar grain, manioc waste, sugared slag, furfural dregs, domestic waste, changing food waste, riverway sludge and sewage sludge.Activation powder is FIMVAS soil improvement agent, is the multi-level Sasser living fossil of a kind of far infrared rays.Biological soil sterilant is tobacco leaf Tobaccoleaf powder or extracting solution.
Especially, by pig, ox, sheep, at least one in chicken manure and wood raw material carry out activation fermentation and make organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: pig, ox, sheep, at least one animal dung 30-50% in chicken manure, wood chip 40%, humic acids 40%, activation powder 10%, biological soil sterilant 2%, high-energy magnetized water 8%, first animal dung and wood chip are mixed in proportion rear with being crushed to 20-80 order, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that high-energy magnetic activated water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating.The rate of fertilizer application of soil use after 2 years by 300-500 kg/acre gradually reduce to every mu of rate of fertilizer application at 100-150 kg/acre, farm crop can't the underproduction.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: be rich in the nutritive substance needed for organic substance and plant growth, easily decompose, improvement soil; can also crop quality be improved, improve crop yield, promote high crop yield stable yields; preservation of fertility; can utilization rate of fertilizer be improved simultaneously, reduce production cost, the requirement of high crop yield can be met in time; preparation and easy to use; cleaner production, eliminates the pollution to product and environment of germ in raw material, virus and agricultural chemicals and heavy-metal residual, preserves the ecological environment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
In the present invention, animal dung and agriculture and industry waste raw material are carried out activation fermentation and makes organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: animal dung 30-50%, agriculture and industry waste 30-50%, humic acids 5-20%, activation powder 3-20%, biological soil sterilant 1-5%, wood chip or useless bacterium bud 5-20%, magnetized water 5-15%, first animal dung and wood chip are mixed in proportion rear with being crushed to 20-80 order, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that high-energy magnetic activated water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating.
Wherein, animal dung comprises, at least one in ox, sheep, horse, rabbit, chicken, duck and goose excrement.
Wherein, agriculture and industry waste comprises, wood chip, stalk, dregs of beans, cotton dregs; Or vinasse, vinegar grain, manioc waste, sugared slag, furfural dregs, and, at least one in domestic waste, changing food waste or riverway sludge, sewage sludge.
Wherein, humic acids is the larger molecular organics matter that occurring in nature extensively exists, by dead organisms material, as xylogen, produce through microbiological deterioration, be difficult to further degraded, actual conditions when its specific performance and structure depend on that given sample extracts from water or soil source, humus can be divided into three major portions in soils and sediments: humic acids HA, fulvic acid FA and humin HM, wherein humic acids HA is dissolved in alkali, but water insoluble and sour; FA was both dissolved in alkali, also water-soluble and sour; And HM had both been insoluble to alkali, simultaneously also water insoluble and sour.
Wherein, activation powder also claims soil improvement agent, also known as soil conditioner, for improving the material of soil property, as lime, gypsum, fertilizer and synthetic polymer etc., be mainly used in the physics of improvement soil, chemistry and biological property, make it be more suitable for plant-growth, instead of the material of plant nutrient is mainly provided, be all called soil improvement agent.Soil improvement agent has multiclass: (1) mineral substance, mainly contains peat, brown coal, weathered coal, lime, gypsum, vermiculite, wilkinite, zeolite, perlite and sepiolite etc.; (2) natural and semi-synthetic water-soluble polymer class, mainly contains stalk, polyose material, cellulose substances, xylogen material and Resin adhesive material; (3) synthetic macromolecular compound, mainly contains polyacrylic, vinyl acetate between to for plastic Malaysia acids and polyvinyl alcohol; (4) effective microorganism preparation class etc.In addition, Fimvas etc. is also had.FIMVAS soil improvement agent is the multi-level Sasser living fossil of a kind of far infrared rays, effectively soil can be improved in the production of farm crop, soil is allowed to be activated, and nutrient molecule various needed for the farm crop in soil and fertilizer is activated, the nutrition allowing farm crop absorb is more abundant, promotes farm crop and quality of vegetable.FIMVAS is that (Far-infraredRayMulti-echelon is " the multi-level Sasser living fossil of far infrared rays " english abbreviation, by after the mixing with soil of multiple different components with special methods, form through high-temperature calcination, have: one, containing multiple mineralization trace element, nontoxic, aseptic, do not dissolve.Two, high-temperature calcination, the cement effect of aluminium element is eliminated.Three, concrete dynamic modulus, favourable draining and moisturizing, be suitable for the breeding environment building probiotics.Four, the special ore structure of matter, has electromagnetic field, can toxic substance in electrolysis soil and water.Five, subsidiary half indissolubility far infrared rays 4-12 micron wave, can continuous anion releasing.Six, cost is low can be applicable to soil improvement, agriculture, fishing, husbandry sector and drinks alcoholization, drinking water treatment, is also the best goods, materials and equipments of environment-friendly engineering.Seven, PH7.0---8.0, proportion 0.5---0.7g/cm 3, specific surface area 50---60cm 2the multifrequency natures such as/g process organic waste preferred materials and technology at present.
Wherein, biological soil sterilant is tobacco leaf Tobaccoleaf powder or extracting solution.Biotic pesticide are mainly divided into: Bacillus thuringiensis, insect viruses, the large class of plant vat liquor 3, have and draw materials conveniently, with low cost, control the phase long, efficiently, economical, safe, pollution-free, the feature such as compatible with environment high is that the best agricultural chemicals of current production nuisanceless green Vegetable produce is selected.Sterilant is mainly used in the medicine preventing and treating Agricultural pests and urban health insect.Be mainly used in the medicine preventing and treating Agricultural pests and urban health insect, by sources can be divided into biological source insecticide and chemosynthesis sterilant two class.
Wherein, magnetized water is high-energy magnetized water.Magnetized water is a kind of water be magnetized, and is produced by magnetizing apparatus, is widely used in the field such as industrial, agriculture.Water through magnetization after, aqueous nature generation series of physical and chemical transformation, hydrogen bond angle becomes 103 ° by 105 °, and water becomes 5-6 subset by an original 13-18 macromolecular mass; The seepage force of water, solubleness, surface tension strengthen, the CaCO in water 3, MgCO 3decompose in digestion process and generate softer Ca (HCO 3) 2, Mg (HCO 3) 2, they not easily accumulate on wall, thus reach the effect of scale removal.Agriculturally, use Soaked In The Magnetized Water seedling, seed germination can be made fast, and percentage of germination is high, and seedling has the advantages such as plant height, stem is thick, root is long; Fill with field with magnetized water, can make that the soil is porous, accelerate fertilizer and decompose, stimulate crop growth.Be it is found that by practice, often water farm crop and the vegetables such as radish, cucumber such as the soybean of magnetized water, corn, output can improve 10-45%, and the crops such as paddy rice, wheat, rape can increase production 11-18%; In addition, some stock-farms magnetized water keeps fowls domestic animal, diseases of bird and livestock minimizing, fast gaining can be made, the superstrength magnetic field that permanent magnet produces, not change under the original Chemical Composition condition of water, the physical structure of water mineral is changed, magnetic field more than 10000GS-20000GS, allows ortho-water with certain flow rate, cuts along the direction vertical with magnetic line of force, by the magnetic field of some strength, ortho-water will become magnetized water.Magnetized water has the usefulness of all mysteries, originally the macromole of association chain, fragments into single small molecules, and water molecules dipole moment deflects.
Embodiment: concrete, by pig, ox, sheep, at least one in chicken manure and wood raw material carry out activation fermentation and make organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: pig, ox, sheep, at least one animal dung 30-50% in chicken manure, wood chip 40%, humic acids 40%, activation powder 10%, biological soil sterilant 2%, high-energy magnetized water 8%, first animal dung and wood chip are mixed in proportion rear with being crushed to 50-100 order, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that high-energy magnetic activated water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating.
In the embodiment of the present invention, organic fermented product is various animal excrement and plant waste, the basic free from extraneous odour of mixture after powder and high-energy magnetized water mixed fermentation is activated through Fimvas, and well can carry out activation improvement to soil, what allow soil become is loose, better can absorb the various nutrients in fertilizer, really reach plant, vegetables, not only fruit etc. increase production but also reach nuisanceless, organic plant, vegetables, the standard of fruit, soil is got back lasting permanent improvement and benign cycle, and the rate of fertilizer application of soil use after 2 years by 300-500 kg/acre gradually reduce to every mu of rate of fertilizer application at 100-150 kg/acre, farm crop can't the underproduction.
After prolonged application of the present invention to soil physics structure, soil fertility, soil microorganisms activity, soil moisture, soil disease and pest etc. there is activation improving effect, really reach the volume increase of farm crop, vegetables, Lin Guo etc., again secondary pollution is not caused to soil, environment, it is one of necessary requirement of the organic productss such as farm crop, vegetables, Lin Guo, this organic active fertilizer cost is low, and effect is strong, uses simple, widely applicable, can be used for the improvement of all kinds of soil.
In aforementioned, with the various organized enzymes of animal digestive tract secretion in feces of livestock and poultry, and the various enzymes that microorganism produces.Application of organic fertilizers substantially increases the enzymic activity of soil, is conducive to the absorptive character of raising soil, shock-absorbing capacity and anti-adversity.Application of organic fertilizers material adds the organic colloid in soil, cementing for soil particle, becomes stable crumb structure, improves the physics of soil, chemistry and biological nature, improve soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and permeability.For good edatope is created in plant-growth.
The nutritive substance needed for organic substance and plant growth is rich in the present invention, can not only provide nutrient needed for plant growth, improvement soil, can also crop quality be improved, improve crop yield, promote high crop yield stable yields, preservation of fertility, can improve utilization rate of fertilizer simultaneously, reduces production cost.
Fertilizer nutritive element of the present invention is complete, can improve soil, improves the soil compaction using chemical fertilizer to cause.Improve soil physical and chemical property, strengthen the ability of soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer.Mutual symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation is formed with Soil Microorganism after beneficial microorganism in biological organic fertilizer enters soil, harmful bacteria is suppressed to grow and be converted into probiotics, interact, mutually promote, play the synergy of colony, probiotics produces a large amount of meta-bolitess in growth and breeding process, impels organic decomposition and inversion, directly or indirectly for crop provides multiple nutrients and pungent, can promote and regulation and control plant growth.Improve soil porosity, penetrating exchangeability and plant survival rate, increase probiotics and soil microorganisms and population.Meanwhile, the advantage probiotics group energy formed at crop root suppresses harmful pathogenic bacteria procreation, strengthens the disease index that the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of crop reduces continuous cropping crop, uses year after year and greatly can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.Reducing environmental pollution, to people, animal, environmental safety, nontoxic, is a kind of environment-friendly type organic fertilizer.

Claims (1)

1. organic active fertilizer, it is characterized in that, animal dung and agriculture and industry waste raw material are carried out activation fermentation and makes organic fertilizer, with its composition and ratio of weight ratio be: animal dung 30-50%, agriculture and industry waste 30-50%, humic acids 5-20%, activation powder 3-20%, biological soil sterilant 1-5%, wood chip or useless bacterium bud 5-20%, magnetized water 5-15%; First animal dung, agriculture and industry waste, wood chip or useless bacterium bud, humic acids are crushed to 20-80 order after being mixed in proportion, the starting material crushed are added activation powder and biotic pesticide mix, and add that magnetized water stirrer stirs, the fertilizer stirred is carried out physics fermentation 20-30 days after drying-granulating; Animal dung comprises: at least one in ox, sheep, horse, pig, rabbit, chicken, duck and goose excrement; Agriculture and industry waste comprises: at least one in wood chip, stalk, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, vinasse, vinegar grain, manioc waste, sugared slag, furfural dregs, domestic waste, changing food waste, riverway sludge and sewage sludge; Activation powder is FIMVAS soil improvement agent, is the multi-level Sasser living fossil of a kind of far infrared rays; Biological soil sterilant is tobacco leaf powder or extracting solution.
CN201310363516.8A 2013-08-20 2013-08-20 Organic active fertilizer Expired - Fee Related CN103964935B (en)

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