CN1039527C

CN1039527C - Improvements in or relating to razor blades

Info

Publication number: CN1039527C
Application number: CN92103958.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马诺哈·S·格鲁尔; 周仲平; 史蒂夫·S·哈恩; 约翰·马迪拉
Original assignee: Gillette Co LLC
Current assignee: Gillette Co LLC
Priority date: 1991-04-26
Filing date: 1992-04-25
Publication date: 1998-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 2007-04-25
Also published as: EG19582A; DE69230822T2; TR26981A; MY107736A; CA2102222A1; WO1992019425A3; CA2102222C; RU2108234C1; EP0582676B1; TW221976B; ES2143473T3; EP0582676A1; MX9201910A; KR100241239B1; ATE190892T1; CZ288085B6; JP3439761B2; DE69230822D1; AU2184292A; CZ227593A3

Abstract

A razor blade includes a substrate with a wedge-shaped edge, an interlayer of material selected from the group consisting of nickel, niobium, silicon, silicon carbide, tantalum, vanadium, and alloys of such materials on the tip and flanks of the wedge-shaped edge, the thickness of the interlayer preferably being in the range of about 50-500 angstroms, and a layer of diamond or diamond-like carbon material on the interlayer that preferably has a thickness of about two thousand angstroms and that defines a tip radius of less than about 1000 angstroms.

Description

A kind of manufacture method of razor

The present invention relates to improved razor and slasher, and a kind of processing have the slasher of sharp and durable cutting or the similar method of cutting tool.

Manufacture method according to U.S. Pat 3761374 disclosed a kind of slashers, it comprises a substrate is set, be formed with the angle interlayer that coated one is made of high-abrasive material on sharp edge of sharp edge on this substrate, and the skin that coated one is made of high-abrasive material on interlayer.

Constitute typical suitably substrate material such as the metal or the pottery of slasher, and cutting edge constitutes by having the end sword or the most advanced and sophisticated wedge profile of radius less than about 1000 dusts, the angle of wedge-shaped surface is less than 30 °.Because the result of the frequent damage of the violent and blade of shave process, and in order to increase the shave effect, for ease of shave, proposed to adopt the scheme of one or more layers auxiliary coating, and/or increased the hardness of shave sword and/or the scheme of increase corrosion resistance.Many these class coating are used, and as polymeric material and metal, and other material comprises carbon (DLC) material of diamond and diamond-like.Each layer in the single or multiple lift of this auxiliary material must have bonding compatibility, so that in the whole service life of slasher, each layer energy strong bond is in substrate, and obtain the performance meet the requirements, as improve shave, improve hardness and/or corrosion resistance, and must not influence the geometry and the stock-removing efficiency of shave sword.Now proposed a kind of cutting edge with slasher of improved mechanical performance, said improvement performance refers to the material (DLC) of on the sharp sword of substrate coated diamond or diamond-like.This kind material is characterized in that having the cementability that is essentially SP3 carbon, and its proportion is greater than 1.5 gram/cm ³And the Raman peak value is about 1331cm ^-1(diamond) or be about 1552cm ^-1(DLC material).Yet, this scheme and unsatisfactory, be because the diamond-like coating to the poor adhesion of the wedge shape sword of substrate and the trend of peeling off is from it arranged.Have now found that, the interlayer of molybdenum has diamond or diamond-like-carbon is adhered to fabulous cohesive on the wedge shape sword of substrate, but also find, under the experiment condition of certain accelerated corrosion, reach 16 hours such as it is immersed in 80 ℃ hot distilled water, the diamond-like carbon coating can be peeled off from the molybdenum interlayer and produce electrochemical reaction at the substrate of steel blade.

The objective of the invention is by coating way one corrosion-resistant skin to be set on the cutting edge of razor, it can prevent above-mentioned outer layering.

According to characteristics of the present invention, a kind of method of making slasher is provided, by processing one blade on a substrate, coated reinforcement material on above-mentioned blade, coated reinforcement material again is characterized in that following steps: a substrate is set subsequently; On described substrate, form angle less than 30 ° and most advanced and sophisticated radius wedge shape sharp edge less than 1200 dusts; Coated one interlayer on described sharp edge, the material of this interlayer are selected from niobium, tantalum, the family of elements of vanadium composition and the alloy of these materials, comprise the niobium molybdenum alloy; And at the material with carbon element of coated one deck Buddha's warrior attendant or diamond-like and on the material with carbon element blade of above-mentioned coated diamond or diamond-like, add a polymer coating that adhesive effect arranged again on the interlayer.This blade has shown shave performance and durable life-span admirably.

In a special example, the substrate of slasher is a steel; The hardness of diamond or DLC coating is two times of metal substrate at least; Operation by mechanical lapping forms the wedge shape sword; And each layer of the material with carbon element of sandwich material (best material is a niobium) and diamond or diamond-like is to form by the sprayed on material from the electrode of sandwich material and graphite.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, the method of the shaping of the slasher that comprises the step that substrate is provided is provided, on the sword of substrate, form the sharp edge that has less than the wedge shape of 30 ° of angles, and a tip radius preferably (promptly is at least 25 when the tip of this mensuration in multiplication factor less than 1200 dusts, 000 times electron microscope is down during observation, should be positioned within the tip of sword than the mensuration radius of great circle); One deck sandwich material coated on sharp edge, this sandwich material is selected from the family of elements be made up of niobium, tantalum, vanadium and the alloy of this kind material, and on interlayer the material of coated one deck diamond or diamond-like so that the radius that forms at the tip of the material with carbon element of diamond or diamond-like is less than about 1000 dusts.

This interlayer and diamond or DLC layer can adopt various technology coateds, such as the plasma decomposes effect of hydrocarbon gas.Employing from or the splash coated of the ion of plasma or ion gun bombardment target, directly adopt carbon ion beam, and ion beam-assisted coated (IBAD) method in use or E bundle (E-Beam) or spraying source.

In a kind of specific process, substrate is ground according to the order of the operation of boring and grinding, so that form sharp sword; Each layer of the material with carbon element of niobium and diamond or diamond-like is with the continuous coated of spraying process; The thickness of niobium interlayer is less than about 500 dusts, is at least about 1200 dusts being coated with the diamond on the cutting edge of niobium or the thickness of DLC coating; The Raman peak value of diamond coatings is about 1331cm ^-1And the Raman peak value of the coating of the material with carbon element of diamond-like (DLC) is about 1550cm ^-1And the cementability that is essentially SP3 carbon arranged; Its proportion is greater than 1.5 gram/cm ³And on the cutting edge that scribbles diamond or DLC, apply the coating of adhesive polymer.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, provide a kind of shaving system to comprise: the blade supporting structure before and after hilted broadsword sword or twolip has the outer surface that contacts user's skin; And a slice blade members is fixed on the supporting structure at least.The slasher structure that is fixed on the supporting structure comprises: by the substrate with wedge-shaped cutting sword that two planes limit, at distance 40 microns places, sharp keen pinnacle, two interplanar angles are less than 17 °; One interlayer is selected from the composition that comprises molybdenum, nickel, niobium, silicon, carborundum, tantalum, vanadium and the alloy of these materials; And a Rankine bed of material is arranged on interlayer, and to 40 microns distances of distance sharp tip, the thickness of this strengthening layer is at least 1200 dusts from the sharp tip of described substrate; And be at least about the tip that 0.1 micron two planes limit and define an angle that is at least 60 ° by length; The radius of locating at the tip of strengthening material compares 1 less than 400 dusts and its size: 1-3: in 1 the scope.

In a special topping machanism, the slasher structure comprises: two base steel sheets, and the contacted surface of skin between, the wedge shape sword is arranged in parallel each other; One molybdenum interlayer is arranged between the strengthening layer of base steel sheet and sword, and the strengthening layer of sword made by diamond or PLC material, the thickness of each niobium layer is less than about 500 dusts; The thickness of each coating of diamond or PLC is about 2000 dusts (according to machined parameters, common scope 1800-2200 dust) and has the feature of the cementability that is essentially SP3 carbon, and its proportion is greater than 1.5 gram/cm ³Its Raman peak value is about 1331cm ^-1(diamond) or about 1550cm ^-1(DLC); And on each layer of the material with carbon element of diamond or diamond-like, scribble the adhesive polymer coating.

The shave element should be disposable support rack type, is suitable for loading onto or unloading down from razor handle, perhaps makes wholely with handle, and therefore whole slashers can be thrown away as one when a blade or a plurality of blade rust.Define the geometry of shave with the forward and backward and skin face of matching that blade cooperates.U.S. Pat-3,876,563 and US-4,586,255 special recommendations the shaving system of these types.

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing other characteristics of the present invention and advantage are described:

Fig. 1 is the stereogram according to shaving system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the main body figure according to another kind of shaving system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to an example of the geometry of razor sword of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of implementing equipment of the present invention; And

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are to use the Raman spectrum of the equipment coated DLC material of Fig. 4.

With reference to figure 1, shaving system 10 comprises the structure that is used to be connected to razor handle, and the stand spare 12 with the high impact polystyrene molding, the structure that part 12 comprises forward, limit to the surface 14 of the contact skin of horizontal extension.Have the guide blade 16 of sharp sword 18 and being installed on the stand 12 of sharp edge 22 with cutting blade 20.The cover piece made from impact-resistant polystyrene molding 24 has the structure that is limited by contact skin surface 26, and surface 26 is arranged in the back of blade 22, and shave servicing unit assembly 28 is fixed on the cover piece 24.

Shaving system 30 shown in Fig. 2 is U.S. Pat 4,586 of Jacobson, and the type shown in 255 comprises the moulding bodies 32 with front portion 34 and rear portion 36.Guard member 38, guiding blade apparatus 40 and slave blade device 42 flexibly are installed on the body 32.Each blade apparatus 40,42 comprises the blade members 44 with sharp edge 46.Being fixed in the groove in the rear portion 36 of shave accessory part 48 friction.

The schematic of

blade

16,20 and 44 blade part is shown among Fig. 3, and this blade comprises the stainless body 50 with wedge shape sharp edge, and sharp edge is to be made by the operation that forms sword by the operation of boring and grinding.The sharp edge portion 52 that tapers off to a point, its radius is generally less than 500 dusts, and most advanced and sophisticated 52 have with disclosed plane 54,13 ° of angles and 56.Coated most advanced and sophisticated 52 and

plane

54,56 on be niobium interlayer 58, its thickness is about 300 dusts.Coated is the skin 60 of the carbon (DLC) of diamond-like on niobium interlayer 58, its thickness is about 2000 dusts, and have each length and be about 0.25 micron plane 62,64, angle between them is about 80 °, plane 62,64 and angle are about two

principal planes

66,68 of 13 ° and merge, and aspect ratio is about 1.7 the ratio of the width (b) of 52 the DLC coating on the summit (distance from DLC summit 70 to stainless steel summit 52 (a) with).The bonding telomer layer 72 of coated on layer 60 has the thickness as coated basically, but is reduced to thickness in monolayer when the beginning shave.

Being used to process as shown in Figure 3, the equipment of the blade of type is schematically illustrated by Fig. 4.This equipment comprises the DC planar magnetron paint finishing by the Vac Tec Systems of Boulder manufacturing of the state of Colorado, this equipment has stainless steel casing 74, wall construction 80, door 82 and underlying structure 84 are arranged in the casing 74, in 84, form a hole 86 and be connected to suitable vacuum system (not shown).Carousel supporting 88 with supporting member 90 upwards is installed on the casing 74, and arranging on part 90 one group has the razor blade member 92 of sharp edge 94, and blade 92 is arranged in rows and outside supporting member 90 faces.The supporting structure 78 that is used for the supporting structure 76 of niobium (99.99% is pure) electrode piece 96 and is used for graphite (99.999% is pure) electrode piece 98 also is arranged in casing 74.Electrode 96 and 98 is vertically arranged dishes, and each is about 12 centimetres wide and be about 37 centimeter length.76,78 and 88 pairs of casings 74 of supporting structure insulate, and provide and being electrically connected and providing and being electrically connected of DC power source 104 by switch 106 of RF power source 100 for set of blades 92 by switch 102; And

electrode

96 and 98 passes through

switch

108 and 110 conductings respectively to DC magnetron power source 112.

Baffle arrangement

114 and 116 arranges at

adjacent electrode

96,98 places respectively, so that at open position and can not see between the position that is adjacent electrode and move.

Carousel 88 apart from 96, the 98 about 7 centimeters supportings of right battery lead plate have the set of blades 92 of blade 94, and between the primary importance and the second place, rotate around a vertical axis, described primary importance is that set of blades 92 is aimed at niobium electrode 96 places (Fig. 4), and the second place is that set of blades 92 is aimed at graphite electrode 98 places.

In a special procedure, one group of blade 92 (5 centimetres high) is fixed in the supporting 90; Casing 74 is vacuum; Electrode 96,98 reached cleaning in 5 minutes by the DC spraying; Then switch 102 closures and blade 92 under the pressure of 10 milli torrs in ar gas environment by RF cleaning 5 minutes, argon flow amount is the power of 200SccM and 1.5 kilowatts; Argon gas stream reduced to 150CSSM then when pressure was 2.0 milli torrs in casing 74; Switch 106 closures are to apply-25 volts DC bias voltage on blade 92; Switch 108 closures begin to spray when 1 kilowatt power and the baffle plates 114 that are positioned at before the niobium electrode 96 were opened 30 seconds, so as on blade 94 the niobium layer 58 of thick about 300 dusts of coated.Baffle plate 114 is closed then, and

switch

106 and 108 is opened, and carousel 88 half-twists are so that the blade of set of blades 92 and graphite electrode 98 are arranged side by side.Pressure in the casing 74 maintains 2 milli torrs, and argon flow amount is 150SCCM; Switch 110 closes at 750 watt-hour graphite spraying electrodes 98; Switch 102 closures, on blade 92, apply the RF bias voltage (420 volts of DC automatic bias voltage) of 800 watts of 13.56 megahertzes, simultaneously baffle plate 116 opened 20 minutes in case on niobium layer 58 the thick DLC coating 60 that reaches about 2000 dusts of coated, DLC coating 60 is about 350 dusts at most advanced and sophisticated 70 radius, most advanced and sophisticated 70 are about 80 ° two planes 62,64 by angle limits, and its aspect ratio is about 1.9: 1.As shown in Figure 5, the Raman spectrum of the coating 60 of coated illustrates a wide Raman peak value 118 and is about 1350 and 1530cm in wave number in this method ^-1Between extend.This is a kind of spectrum of typical DLC structure.

Then, the coating 72 of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) telomer is applied on the sword of DLC coated of blade.This process is included in the neutral gas of argon gas and heats blade, and applies the antifriction polymer coating of a kind of adherent and solid-state polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the cutting edge of blade.Coating 58 and 60 adheres on the body 50 of blade securely, provide the wool felt cutting knife power of low temperature (to have that initial five cuttings of wet wool felt (L5) are minimum to be about 0.45 kilogram, and opposing applies the power of wool felt cutter repeatedly, demonstrate under the rigor condition that DLC coating 60 is exposed to the test of this felt cutting knife unaffectedly basically and kept firm engaging with cutter blade 50, to reach 16 hours in 80 ℃ the distilled water also be like this even it is immersed.The blade members 44 that obtains at last is installed to Fig. 2 and illustrates in the holder device 30 of form, and obtains splendid shave effect.

In another embodiment, electrode 96 be molybdenum and electrode 98 is a graphite.In the special processing method of this system, casing 74 is found time; Electrode 96,98 is cleaned by DC spraying 5 minutes; Blade 92 is 10 milli torrs at pressure then, and 1.5 kw of power and argon flow amount are to carry out the RF cleaning in the ar gas environment of 200SCCM; Pressure in the casing 74 argon flow amount when 2 milli torrs reduces to 150SCCM; Baffle plate 114 in molybdenum electrode 96 fronts is opened, and at power when being 1 kilowatt of bias voltage for-150 volts of power, electrode 96 carries out 22 seconds spraying on blade 92, so as on blade 94 the thick molybdenum layer 58 of about 200 dusts of coated.Baffle plate 114 is closed subsequently, and carousel 88 half-twists are so that set of blades 92 is arranged side by side with electrode 98.Pressure in the casing 74 maintain 2 the milli torrs, argon flow amount is 150SCCM, baffle plate 116 is opened, and on blade 92 graphite electrode 98 is carried out 10 minutes spraying when 900 watts of-150 volts of bias voltages so that on molybdenum layer 58 the DLC layer 60 of thick about 800 dusts of coated.As shown in Figure 6, the Raman spectrum of the coating 60 of coated shows at about 1525cm in this method ^-1The wide Raman peak value 120 of the centering during wave number, this is the spectrum of typical DLC structure.The wool felt cutting knife power that DLC coating 60 is glued fast on the cutter blade 50 and opposing applies repeatedly, the DLC coating 60 that demonstrates under the rigor condition that is exposed to the test of this felt cutting knife is unaffected basically, and tool setting lamellar body 50 has kept firm bonding.Radius and aspect ratio that its tip 70 has about 700 dusts are 1.7: 1.

According to U.S. Pat, 3,518,110 is said, and the coated that the coating 72 of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) telomer is coated onto blade subsequently has on the sword of DLC.This process is included in neutral gas such as nitrogen or the argon gas and heats blade, perhaps reduces gas such as pyrolysis ammonia and applies a kind of adherend and solid-state polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) antifriction polymer coating on the cutting edge of blade.The blade members 44 that obtains thus is contained in as shown in Figure 2 type with in the holder device 30 and have a splendid shave effect.

In another kind of procedure, casing 74 is evacuated; Electrode 96,98 is carried out 5 minutes cleaning by the DC spraying; At pressure is 10 milli torrs, power be 1.5 kilowatts and argon flow amount when being 200SCCM blade 92 carry out 2 minutes RF cleaning subsequently; Argon flow amount reduced to 150SCCM when the pressure in the casing 74 was 2 milli torrs; Baffle plate 114 in molybdenum electrode 96 fronts is opened subsequently; On the blade 92 at power coating electrode 90 32 seconds when being 1 kilowatt of bias voltage for-150 volts so that on blade 94 molybdenum layer 58 of thick about 300 dusts of coated.Baffle plate 114 closures and carousel 88 half-twists are so that set of blades 92 is arranged side by side with graphite electrode 98.Pressure in the casing 74 maintain 2 the milli torrs, argon flow amount is 150SCCM, baffle plate 116 is opened, on blade 92, the graphite spraying electrode is 98 10 minutes when 500 watts of bias voltages are-100 volts, so as on molybdenum layer 58 the DLC coating 60 of thick about 1000 dusts of coated.Thus obtained blade and DLC coating 60 have firm cohesive and have splendid shave performance.

When another procedure, casing 74 is evacuated, and

electrode

96,98 is carried out 5 minutes DC spraying cleaning; Be that 10 milli torr power are that 1.5 kilowatts and argon flow amount are in the ar gas environment of 200SCCM at pressure subsequently, blade 92 is carried out 2 minutes RF cleaning; Pressure in the casing 74 is that 2 milli torr argon flow amounts reduce to 150SCCM; Baffle plate 114 in molybdenum electrode 96 fronts is opened subsequently; And electrode 96 sprays the molybdenum coating 58 of thick about 200 dusts on blade 94.Baffle plate 114 close and carousel 88 half-twists so that set of blades 92 is arranged side by side with graphite electrode 98.It is 150SCCM that pressure in the casing 74 maintains 2 milli torr argon flow amounts, and baffle plate 116 is opened, and at 600 watt-hour graphite spraying electrodes 98, so as on molybdenum layer 58 the DLC layer 60 of thick about 300 dusts of coated.DLC coating 60 is glued fast on the thus obtained blade, and the tip 70 of DLC has the radius of about 500 dusts.

The present invention has shown a plurality of embodiment, is obvious to these these variations of professional technology, and these embodiment and details do not limit the scope of the invention, and these modification all within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

Claims

1) a kind of method of making slasher, by processing one blade on a substrate, coated reinforcement material on above-mentioned blade, coated reinforcement material more subsequently is characterized in that following steps:

One substrate is set,

On described substrate, form angle less than 30 ° and most advanced and sophisticated radius wedge shape sharp edge less than 1200 dusts;

Coated one interlayer on described sharp edge, the material of this interlayer are selected from the family of elements be made up of niobium, tantalum, vanadium and the alloy of these materials, comprise the niobium molybdenum alloy;

Adding a polymer coating that adhesive effect arranged on the described interlayer again on the material with carbon element of coated one deck diamond or diamond-like and the blade at the material with carbon element of above-mentioned coated diamond or diamond-like.

2) method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of the described interlayer on described cutting blade is less than about 500 dusts, and the distance from the sharp tip of described substrate to 40 microns of distance sharp tip, the described diamond on the described interlayer of coated cutting blade or the thickness of diamond-like carbon-coating are at least 1200 dusts.

3) method according to claim 2, the angle that it is characterized in that described cutting blade is less than 30 °, and tip radius is less than 1200 dusts; And described diamond or diamond-like carbon material layer at the tip radius of described diamond or diamond-like carbon material less than about 400 dusts.

4) method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described substrate is a metal, and the hardness of described diamond or diamond-like carbon-coating is two times of described metal substrate at least.

5) method according to claim 1, the coating that it is characterized in that described diamond or diamond-like carbon material is in ar gas environment, coated in the vacuum tank that is provided with graphite and niobium electrode, described niobium electrode is after energising, through spraying, the interlayer of niobium on described blade, when a RF bias voltage is applied to described substrate, makes described diamond of coated or diamond-like carbon material layer on the described niobium interlayer so graphite electrode is just switched on regard to coated.

6) method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described diamond on the described blade or about 2000 dusts of thickness of diamond-like carbon-coating.

7) method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, coated one deck diamond or diamond-like carbon-coating, this coating technology are selected from the decomposition such as the plasma of hydrocarbon gas on above-mentioned interlayer, employing from or the splash coated of the ion of plasma or ion gun Hong target, directly use carbon ion beam, and ion beam-assisted coated (IBAD) method of using E bundle (E-Beam) or spraying source.

8) slasher of method manufacturing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having by width less than 0.1 millimeter face and angle substrate less than 30 ° of cutting blades that limit, interlayer on the above-mentioned cutting blade, on above-mentioned sharp edge, the material of above-mentioned interlayer is selected from the family of elements be made up of niobium, tantalum, vanadium and the alloy of these materials comprises the niobium molybdenum alloy;

In one deck diamond on the above-mentioned interlayer or diamond-like carbon material and the adhesive polymer coating on above-mentioned diamond or diamond shape carbon-coating blade.