CN103946215B - 螺二氢吖啶衍生物和其作为有机电致发光器件用材料的用途 - Google Patents
螺二氢吖啶衍生物和其作为有机电致发光器件用材料的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103946215B CN103946215B CN201280056590.9A CN201280056590A CN103946215B CN 103946215 B CN103946215 B CN 103946215B CN 201280056590 A CN201280056590 A CN 201280056590A CN 103946215 B CN103946215 B CN 103946215B
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
- C07D491/107—Spiro-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
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- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
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- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
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- C07F9/65683—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being part of a phosphine
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Abstract
本发明涉及适用于电子器件中的式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物,并涉及包含这些化合物的电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于电子器件中的材料,特别是用于有机电致发光器件中的材料,和涉及包含这些材料的电子器件,特别是包含这些材料的有机电致发光器件。
发明背景
例如在US4539507、US5151629、EP0676461和WO98/27136中描述了其中有机半导体用作功能材料的有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构。此处使用的发光材料越来越多地是显示磷光而不是荧光的有机金属络合物。出于量子力学原因,使用有机金属化合物作为磷光发光体可以实现最高达四倍的能量和功率效率。然而,在OLED的情况下,特别是在还显示三重态发光(磷光)的OLED的情况下,通常仍需要改进,例如在效率、工作电压和寿命方面还需要进行改进。另外,期望能够以高的产率和纯度合成所使用的材料。
磷光OLED的性能不仅由使用的三重态发光体决定。特别是,此处使用的其它材料,例如基质材料、空穴阻挡材料、电子传输材料、空穴传输材料和电子或激子阻挡材料,也是特别重要的。因此,这些材料的改进也可导致OLED性能的显著改进。对于荧光OLED,也仍然需要对这些材料以及发光体和基质材料进行改进。
根据现有技术,特别是如下材料用作有机电致发光器件中的磷光发光体的基质材料:咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2005/039246、US2005/0069729、JP2004/288381、EP1205527或WO2008/086851的,吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2007/063754或WO2008/056746的,茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2010/136109的,或二氢吖啶衍生物,例如根据US2010/0019658的。关于所述材料的效率、寿命和热稳定性,在此处同样期望进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供如下的化合物,该化合物适合用于荧光或磷光OLED中,特别是用作基质材料或用作空穴传输/电子阻挡材料或激子阻挡材料,而且用作空穴阻挡材料、荧光发光体的基质或用作荧光发光体。本发明另外的目的是提供另外的有机电致发光器件用有机半导体,从而方便本领域普通技术人员在OLED制造中有更多的选择。
令人预料不到地,已经发现,在下文中更详细描述的特定化合物实现了这个目的,并且导致有机电致发光器件的改进。所述改进在此处特别是涉及寿命、效率和/或工作电压。因此,本发明涉及这些化合物,并且涉及包含这种类型的化合物的电子器件,特别是有机电致发光器件。
本发明涉及式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物
其中以下限定适用于使用的符号和标记:
Y在每次出现时相同或不同地是O、S、Se、BR1、C(R1)2、Si(R1)2、PR1、P(=O)R1、C(R1)2-C(R1)2、CR1=CR1或经由邻位连接的苯基团,所述苯基团可以被一个或多个基团R1取代;
X在每次出现时相同或不同地是CR2或N;或两个相邻的X代表S、O或NR2,从而形成五元环;或两个相邻的X代表下式(4)或(5)的基团,
其中^示出在式(1)、(2)或(3)中相应的相邻基团X;
如果在式(2)或(3)中基团Ar或L与X键合,则这个基团X在此处代表C;
V在每次出现时相同或不同地是C(R2)2、NR2、O或S;
Z在每次出现时相同或不同地是CR2或N;
Ar在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5至40个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其可以被一个或多个基团R3取代;所述基团Ar和在这种情况下代表C的相邻基团X在此处还可以通过单键或如下的二价基团而彼此桥连,所述二价基团选自C(R3)2、NR3、O或S;
L在每次出现时相同或不同地是单键或二价基团;
R1、R2、R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,CN,NO2,N(Ar1)2,N(R4)2,C(=O)Ar1,C(=O)R4,P(=O)(Ar1)2,具有1至40个C原子的直链的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有2至40个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,所述基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被R4C=CR4、C≡C、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、P(=O)(R4)、SO、SO2、NR4、O、S或CONR4代替,和其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,所述基团可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R1或R3可以任选地形成单环或多环的脂族环系,或R2可以形成单环或多环的脂族、芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个基团R4取代;
R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,CN,NO2,N(Ar1)2,N(R5)2,C(=O)Ar1,C(=O)R5,P(=O)(Ar1)2,具有1至40个C原子的直链的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团或者具有2至40个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,所述基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被R5C=CR5、C≡C、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR5、P(=O)(R5)、SO、SO2、NR5、O、S或CONR5代替,和其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团,所述基团可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,或这些体系的组合,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R4可以任选地形成单环或多环的脂族环系,所述脂族环系可以被一个或多个基团R5取代;
Ar1在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5-30芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R5取代;两个与同一N原子或P原子键合的基团Ar1在此处还可以通过单键或如下的桥连基而彼此桥连,所述桥连基选自N(R5)、C(R5)2、O或S;
R5在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的脂族烃基团,具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br、I或CN代替,其中两个或更多个相邻的取代基R5可以彼此形成单环或多环的脂族环系;
m在每次出现时相同或不同地是0或1;
n是0、1、2、3、4或5;
p是0或1。
在本发明意义上的芳基基团含有6至60个C原子;在本发明意义上的杂芳基基团含有2至60个C原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是C原子和杂原子之和至少为5。所述杂原子优选地选自N、O和/或S。芳基基团或杂芳基基团在此处被认为是指简单的芳族环,即苯,或者简单的杂芳族环,例如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或者稠合(缩合)的芳基或杂芳基基团,例如萘、蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉等。相反,通过单键彼此连接的芳族基团,例如联苯,不被称为芳基或杂芳基基团,而被称为芳族环系。
在本发明意义上的芳族环系在该环系中含有6至60个C原子。在本发明意义上的杂芳族环系在该环系中含有2至60个C原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是C原子和杂原子之和至少为5。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和/或S。为了本发明的目的,芳族或杂芳族环系旨在被认为是指不必仅包含芳基或杂芳基基团的体系,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基基团还可通过非芳族单元而连接,该非芳族单元例如为C、N或O原子。因此,例如,和其中两个或更多个芳基基团例如通过短的烷基基团连接的体系一样,诸如芴、9,9'-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、茋等的体系同样旨在被认为是为了本发明目的的芳族环系。
为了本发明的目的,其中单独的H原子或CH2基团还可被上述基团取代的可以含有1至40个C原子的脂族烃基团或烷基基团或烯基或炔基基团,优选被认为是指如下的基团:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、新己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基。具有1至40个C原子的烷氧基基团优选被认为是指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、仲戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、环己氧基、正庚氧基、环庚氧基、正辛氧基、环辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基和2,2,2-三氟乙氧基。具有1至40个C原子的硫代烷基基团被认为特别是指甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、正戊硫基、仲戊硫基、正己硫基、环己硫基、正庚硫基、环庚硫基、正辛硫基、环辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、环戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、环己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、环庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、环辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。通常,根据本发明的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团可以是直链、支链或环状的,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被上述基团代替;此外,一个或多个H原子也可以被如下基团代替:D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2,优选F、Cl或CN,进一步优选F或CN,特别优选CN。
在每种情况下还可以被上述基团R2或烃基团取代并可以经由芳族或杂芳族环系上任何希望的位置连接的具有5-60个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,特别被认为是指衍生于如下物质的基团:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、芘、、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三聚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、异唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、六氮杂苯并菲、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘、4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、萘啶、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑,或衍生于这些体系的组合的基团。
如上文所述的,所述基团Ar和相邻的基团X还可以彼此桥连。“相邻的基团X”在此处被认为是指通过氮原子和碳原子与所述基团Ar分隔的基团X,如下文所示意性描绘的,其中如果X和基团Ar桥连,则该基团X代表C:
对于其中n=0的式(1)化合物,下文通过实例描绘了所述的成环,其中与本发明其它化合物完全类似地发生所述成环:
其中E代表单键、C(R3)2、NR3、O或S,和使用的其它符号和标记具有上文给出的含义。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,Y在每次出现时相同或不同地代表O或C(R1)2,特别优选代表O。
另外优选地,相同地选择所有的基团Y。
在本发明另外的一种优选实施方式中,X在每次出现时相同或不同地代表CR2或N,其中每个环最多一个基团X代表N;或两个相邻的基团X代表式(4)或(5)的基团,特别是式(5)的基团,其中Z在每次出现时相同或不同地代表CR2,和V在每次出现时相同或不同地代表NR2或C(R2)2。
X特别优选在每次出现时相同或不同地代表CR2。
另外优选上文提及的式(1)化合物和如下的化合物(2a)或(3a),
特别优选上文提及的式(1)化合物,特别是其中n=0。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,所述基团L在每次出现时相同或不同地代表具有1至10个C原子的直链的亚烷基、烷叉基、亚烷氧基或硫代亚烷氧基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的亚烷基、烷叉基、亚烷氧基或硫代亚烷氧基基团或者具有2至40个C原子的亚烯基或亚炔基基团,所述基团在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、P(=O)R4、S=O、SO2、-O-、-S-或-CONR4-代替,和其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替,或P(R4),P(=O)(R4),N(Ar1);或者L是单键。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,所述基团L代表单键。
式(1)、(2)和(3)化合物的优选实施方式是下式(6)、(7)和(8)的化合物,
其中使用的符号和标记具有上文给出的含义,和Y优选代表O。
此外,如下文通过具有稠合上的式(5)基团的式(9)、(10)、(11)和(12)作为实例所描绘的,可以稠合上式(4)或(5)的基团,
特别优选下式(6a)至(12a)的化合物,
其中使用的符号和标记具有上文给出的含义,和Y优选代表O。
非常特别优选下式(6b)至(12b)的化合物,
其中使用的符号和标记具有上文给出的含义,和Y优选代表O。
特别优选其中标记n=0或1的式(6b)化合物。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,上述式中的R1、R2和R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,CN,N(Ar1)2,C(=O)Ar1,具有1至10个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至10个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,所述基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,和其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,和具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,上述式中的R1、R2和R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,CN,具有1至5个C原子的直链的烷基基团,具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,和具有5至18个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代。
R2优选不包括烯基基团、炔基基团或具有5个环原子的杂芳基基团。
R2优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,CN,具有1至5个C原子的直链的烷基基团,具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,和具有5至18个芳族环原子的芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,CN,NO2,N(Ar1)2,N(R5)2,C(=O)Ar1,C(=O)R5,P(=O)(Ar1)2,具有1至5个C原子的直链的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团,具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、烷氧基或硫代烷基基团,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br或CN代替,和具有5至18个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R5取代。
对于通过真空蒸发处理的化合物,所述烷基基团优选具有不超过五个C原子,特别优选不超过4个C原子,非常特别优选不超过1个C原子。对于从溶液中处理的化合物,适当的化合物也是如下的那些化合物,该化合物被如下基团取代:烷基基团,特别是支链烷基基团取代,其具有最高达10个C原子,或者被低聚亚芳基基团取代,所述低聚亚芳基例如为邻-、间-、对-或支链的三联苯或四联苯基团。
优选的基团Ar选自具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R3取代。特别优选的基团Ar选自苯,邻-、间-或对-联苯,邻-、间-、对-或支链的三联苯,邻-、间-、对-或支链的四联苯,1-或2-萘基,吡咯,呋喃,噻吩,吲哚,苯并呋喃,苯并噻吩,咔唑,二苯并呋喃,二苯并噻吩,吡啶,嘧啶,吡嗪,哒嗪,三嗪,蒽,菲,芘,苯并蒽,或这些基团中的两个或三个的组合,其中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R3取代。
如果R1、R2和R3代表芳族或杂芳族环系,则其优选在每次出现时相同或不同地选自上文对于Ar作为优选基团示出的相同基团。如果Y代表BR1,那么R1优选代表如下的芳基或杂芳基基团,其在至少一个邻位,优选在两个邻位位置处都被取代,例如代表二甲苯基或基基团。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物或所述优选实施方式用作电子传输材料,则优选地,所述基团Y代表BR1或P(=O)(R1),和/或所述基团R1、R2和/或Ar中的至少一个代表缺电子的杂芳族环系。根据本发明,缺电子的杂芳族环是具有至少两个杂原子的五元杂芳族环,或者是六元杂芳族环,在每种情况下其上还可以稠合一个或多个芳族或杂芳族基团,例如取代或未被取代的咪唑、吡唑、噻唑、唑、二唑、三唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、三嗪、苯并咪唑等,特别是如下文所示出的那些。
如果本发明化合物用作磷光发光体的基质材料或用作电子传输材料,则优选至少一个取代基R1、R2和/或R3或单价基团Ar是缺电子的基团,特别地,R1至R3选自下式(13)至(16)的结构,或Ar选自式(13)、(15)或(16)的结构,
和/或至少一个二价或三价的基团Ar优选地代表下式(17)至(19)的基团,
其中R3、R4和m具有上文给出的含义,*表明式(13)至(19)的基团键合的位置,此外:
A在每次出现时相同或不同地是CR4或N,条件是一个、两个或三个基团A代表N;
Ar2在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5至16个C原子的二价的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个基团R4取代;
其中,如果式(13)、(15)和(16)的基团代表Ar,并且在式(17)至(19)的情况下,R4将被R3代替。
在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,至少一个取代基R1、R2、R3或Ar代表上文提及的式(13)基团,和/或至少一个基团Ar代表上文提及的式(17)至(19)的基团,其中在每种情况下两个或三个符号A代表N,而其它的符号A代表CR4,其中,如果式(13)、(15)和(16)的基团代表Ar,并且在式(17)至(19)的情况下,R3将被R4代替。
因此,特别优选的基团R1、R2、R3或Ar是下式(20)至(26)的基团,和特别优选的基团Ar是下式(27)至(34)的基团,
其中使用的符号和标记具有上文给出的含义,和其中,如果式(20)至(26)的基团代表Ar,并且在式(27)至(34)的情况下,R4将被R3代替。
如果R1、R2、R3或Ar代表式(20)的基团,那么在这种基团中的R3或R4优选代表具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,该环系可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,特别是代表苯基,邻-、间-或对-联苯,邻-、间-、对-或支链的三联苯或者邻-、间-、对-或支链的四联苯。
如果R1、R2、R3或Ar代表式(21)至(26)的基团,那么在这些基团中的R3或R4优选在每次出现时相同或不同地代表H,D,或具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,该环系可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,特别是代表H或苯基,邻-、间-或对-联苯,邻-、间-、对-或支链的三联苯或者邻-、间-、对-或支链的四联苯。
如果Ar代表式(27)至(34)的基团,那么在这些基团中的R3优选在每次出现时相同或不同地代表H,D,或具有5至24个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,该环系可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,特别是代表H或苯基,邻-、间-或对-联苯,邻-、间-、对-或支链的三联苯或者邻-、间-、对-或支链的四联苯。
如果本发明化合物用作磷光发光体的基质材料、用作空穴传输材料或用作电子或激子阻挡材料,则至少一个取代基R1、R2、R3或Ar优选地选自三芳基胺衍生物、咔唑衍生物、茚并咔唑衍生物、吲哚并咔唑衍生物、氮杂咔唑衍生物、吲哚衍生物、呋喃衍生物、苯并呋喃衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物、噻吩衍生物、苯并噻吩衍生物或二苯并噻吩衍生物,其中的每种可以被一个或多个基团R3或R4取代,或至少一个取代基R1、R2或R3代表-NAr2。这些基团优选地选自下式(35)至(49)的基团,
其中使用的符号具有上文给出的含义,此外:
E选自C(R4)2、NR4、O或S;
G选自NR4、O或S,和
如果式(35)至(49)的基团代表Ar,则R4将被R3代替。
在本发明的另外的一种优选实施方式中,在本发明化合物中不代表上述式(13)至(49)基团的符号R1、R2和R3代表H或D。
可根据需要将上文提及的优选实施方式彼此组合。在本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式中,上述优选同时存在。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物或所述优选实施方式用作磷光发光体的基质材料,则优选所述化合物不含如下的稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,其中多于两个六元环彼此直接稠合。特别地,优选所述基团R1、R2、R3和Ar不含如下的稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,其中两个或更多个六元环彼此直接稠合,和优选两个相邻的基团X不代表式(4)的基团。式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物特别优选完全不含如下的稠合的芳基或杂芳基基团,其中六元环彼此直接稠合。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物或所述优选实施方式用作荧光发光体的基质材料或用作荧光发光体,则优选所述基团R1、R2和/或R3中的至少一个含有如下的基团,其选自萘、蒽、菲、芘和/或苯并蒽,其中的每个还可以被上文提及的基团取代,和/或优选两个至少在所述芳族环之一上的相邻基团X代表式(4)的基团。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物或所述优选实施方式在空穴传输、空穴注入或其它层中用作空穴传输材料,则优选所述基团R1、R2和/或R3中的至少一个含有如下的基团,其选自具有6至24个芳族环原子的芳族环系。在这种情况下,另外优选Y在每次出现时相同或不同地选自O、S和C(R1)2,和特别优选是O。
上述实施方式的优选化合物的实例是如下结构的化合物。
本发明化合物可通过方案1至4中描述的路线进行制备。
从1,2-二卤取代的芳族或杂芳族化合物开始,Buchwald或Ullmann偶联至仲胺,生成邻卤官能化的叔胺。这在金属化之后可偶联至杂环酮以生成三芳基甲醇,其在酸性催化下环合以生成本发明的螺环化合物(A)(方案1)。该螺环化合物(A)可区域选择性地,优选在N原子的对位位置处单溴化或二溴化(任选地还在涉及另外活性位置的情况下三溴化、四溴化等),以这种方式形成的溴化物(B)和(C)然后可通过本领域普通技术人员熟悉的方法进一步反应(C-C偶联,例如Suzuki、Negishi、Yamamoto、Grignard-Cross、Stille、Heck偶联等;C-N偶联,例如Buchwald或Ullmann偶联,甲硅烷基化,磷酰化(Phosphanylierung),硼酰化(Boranylierung),缩聚,等)。除了区域选择性的溴化之外,当然还可以与其它亲电子试剂例如在Friedel-Craft烷基化或酰化、磺化、硝化等中反应。
方案1:
如果在所述序列开始时所述仲胺具有保护基团PG(例如N-酰基、N-Boc、N-苄基、N-亚磺酰基、N-甲硅烷基等),则在通过除去所述保护基团而构建所述螺环化合物(D)之后可获得所述仲胺(E),其可通过本领域普通技术人员熟悉的C-N偶联方法(Buchwald或Ullmann偶联等)而进一步反应(方案2)。通过这种路线通过偶联至多官能化芳族化合物,可获得含有多个单元(E)的本发明化合物。这些化合物然后可经由方案1中所述的路线与亲电子试剂反应而进一步官能化。
方案2:
所述溴化物(B)另外适用于构建根据本发明的扩展的稠合杂环化合物(方案3)。将(B)Suzuki偶联至邻YH官能化芳族或杂芳族化合物,生成(F),其可环合以生成(G)。相似地,(B)的Buchwald或Ullmann偶联生成(H),其可环合以生成(I)。
方案3:
所述螺胺(E)另外适用于构建根据本发明的扩展的稠合杂环化合物(K)(方案4)。将(E)C-N偶联至具有YH官能团的邻卤官能化芳族化合物,然后中间体(J)环合,生成扩展的杂环化合物(K)。
方案4:
与所述二溴化物(C)相似,在方案3和4中所示出的反应当然也是可行的。以这种方式,通过本领域普通技术人员熟悉的方法,可获得如下的稠合杂环化合物,其含有芴、二苯并呋喃、硫代二苯并呋喃、咔唑等。
本发明此外涉及用于制备式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物的方法,其包括如下的反应步骤:
a)构建卤化的骨架;和
b)经由过渡金属催化的偶联反应引入取代基。
上文所述的本发明化合物,特别是被如下反应性离去基团或如下反应性可聚合基团取代的化合物,能够用作单体以生成相应的低聚物、树枝状大分子或聚合物,所述反应性离去基团例如是溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯,所述反应性可聚合基团例如是烯烃、苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯或氧杂环丁烷。在此处优选通过所述卤素官能团或所述硼酸官能团或者通过所述可聚合基团发生所述低聚或聚合。此外,所述聚合物可以通过这种类型的基团进行交联。根据本发明的化合物和聚合物可用作交联的或未交联的层。
因此,本发明还涉及如下的低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子,其含有一种或多种上文示出的本发明化合物,其中在一个或多个位置处不是存在取代基,而是存在一个或多个从本发明化合物至所述聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子的键。取决于本发明化合物的连接,这形成了所述低聚物或聚合物的侧链,或者连接在所述主链中,或者形成树枝状大分子的核。所述聚合物、低聚物或树枝状大分子可以是共轭、部分共轭或非共轭的。所述低聚物或聚合物可以是直链的、支链的或树枝状的。如上文所述的相同优选适用于本发明化合物在低聚物、树枝状大分子和聚合物中的重复单元。
为制备所述低聚物或聚合物,使本发明的单体进行均聚或与另外的单体进行共聚。优选如下的均聚物或共聚物,其中式(1)或上文所示优选实施方式的单元以如下范围存在:0.01至99.9mol%,优选5至90mol%,特别优选20至80mol%。形成所述聚合物骨架的合适并且优选的共聚单体选自芴(例如根据EP842208或WO2000/22026的),螺二芴(例如根据EP707020、EP894107或WO2006/061181的),对苯撑(例如根据WO92/18552的),咔唑(例如根据WO2004/070772或WO2004/113468的),噻吩(例如根据EP1028136的),二氢菲(例如根据WO2005/014689的),顺式-和反式-茚并芴(例如根据WO2004/041901或WO2004/113412的),酮(例如根据WO2005/040302的),菲(例如根据WO2005/104264或WO2007/017066的),或者还有多种这些单元。所述聚合物、低聚物和树枝状大分子还可以包含其它单元,例如空穴传输单元,特别是基于三芳基胺的那些,和/或电子传输单元。此外,所述聚合物可以含有三重态发光体,其为共聚的或作为掺合物而混合于其中。特别地,本发明低聚物、聚合物或树枝状大分子与三重态发光体的组合导致特别好的结果。
此外,本发明化合物还可以进一步官能化,并因此转化成扩展的结构。此处可提及的实例是,通过Suzuki方法与芳基硼酸反应,或通过Hartwig-Buchwald方法与伯胺或仲胺反应。因此,本发明化合物还可直接键合至发磷光的金属络合物,或者还键合至其它金属络合物。
本发明化合物适用于电子器件中,特别是有机电致发光器件中。
因此,本发明还涉及本发明化合物在电子器件中,特别是在有机电致发光器件中的用途。
本发明又还涉及如下的电子器件,其包含至少一种根据本发明的化合物。
在本发明意义上的电子器件是如下的器件,该器件包括至少一个如下的层,该层包含至少一种有机化合物。所述组件也可以包括无机材料或完全从无机材料构造的层。
所述电子器件优选地选自有机电致发光器件(OLED)、有机集成电路(O-IC)、有机场效应晶体管(O-FET)、有机薄膜晶体管(O-TFT)、有机发光晶体管(O-LET)、有机太阳能电池(O-SC)、染料敏化的有机太阳能电池(DSSC)、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件(O-FQD)、发光电化学电池(LEC)、有机激光二极管(O-laser)和“有机等离子体发射器件”(D.M.Koller等人,Nature Photonics(自然光子学)2008,1-4),但优选有机电致发光器件(OLED),特别优选磷光OLED。
所述有机电致发光器件包括阴极、阳极和至少一个发光层。除了这些层之外,其还可以包括其它的层,这些层例如在每种情况下是一个或多个空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、激子阻挡层、电子阻挡层和/或电荷产生层。同样可以在两个发光层之间引入具有例如激子阻挡功能的中间层。然而,应当指出,这些层中的每个都并非必须存在。此处所述有机电致发光器件可以包括一个发光层,或其可以包括多个发光层。如果存在多个发光层,则优选这些发光层总共具有多个在380nm和750nm之间的发光峰值,总体上导致白色发光,即,将能够发荧光或发磷光的多种发光化合物用于所述发光层中。特别优选具有三个发光层的体系,其中所述三个层显示蓝色、绿色和橙色或红色发光(对于基本结构,例如见WO2005/011013)。根据本发明的有机电致发光器件还可以是串联OLED,特别是对于发白色光的OLED。
取决于确切的结构,根据如上所示实施方式的本发明化合物可以用于多个层中。优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其包含式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物或上文所示优选实施方式作为荧光或磷光发光体的基质材料,和/或用作荧光发光体,特别是用作蓝色荧光发光体,和/或用于电子阻挡或激子阻挡层中,和/或用于空穴传输层中,和/或用于空穴阻挡层中,和/或用于电子传输层中,其取决于确切的取代。
在本发明的另一种实施方式中,所述有机电致发光器件在光耦合输出层中包含本发明化合物。光耦合输出层在此处被认为是指如下的层,其不位于阳极和阴极之间,而是将其施加至实际器件外部的电极,例如在电极和基底之间,以改进光的耦合输出。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,本发明化合物在发光层中用作荧光或磷光化合物的基质材料,特别是磷光化合物的基质材料。此处所述有机电致发光器件可以包括一个发光层,或其可以包括多个发光层,其中至少一个发光层包含至少一种本发明的化合物作为基质材料。
如果本发明化合物在发光层中用作发光化合物的基质材料,则其优选与一种或多种磷光材料(三重态发光体)组合使用。在本发明意义上的磷光被认为是指从具有相对高自旋多重度即自旋态>1的激发态的发光,特别是从激发三重态的发光。在本申请的意义上,所有发光的含有过渡金属或镧系元素的络合物,特别是所有的铱、铂和铜络合物,被认为是磷光化合物。
基于包含发光体和基质材料的整体混合物,本发明化合物和发光化合物的混合物包含99至1体积%,优选98至10体积%,特别优选97至60体积%,特别是95至80体积%的本发明化合物。相应地,基于包含发光体和基质材料的整体混合物,所述混合物包含1至99体积%,优选2至90体积%,特别优选3至40体积%,特别是5至20体积%的发光体。
本发明的另外的一种优选实施方式是将本发明化合物与另外的基质材料组合用作磷光发光体的基质材料。可以与本发明化合物组合使用的特别适当的基质材料是如下物质:芳族酮,芳族氧化膦或芳族亚砜或砜,例如根据WO2004/013080、WO2004/093207、WO2006/005627或WO2010/006680的,三芳基胺,咔唑衍生物,例如CBP(N,N-二咔唑基联苯)或公开在WO2005/039246、US2005/0069729、JP2004/288381、EP1205527、WO2008/086851中的咔唑衍生物或在未公开申请EP11007693.2中公开的咔唑衍生物,吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2007/063754或WO2008/056746的,茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2010/136109或WO2011/000455的,氮杂咔唑衍生物,例如根据EP1617710、EP1617711、EP1731584、JP2005/347160的,双极性基质材料,例如根据WO2007/137725的,硅烷,例如根据WO2005/111172的,氮杂硼杂环戊二烯或硼酸酯,例如根据WO2006/117052的,三嗪衍生物,例如根据WO2007/063754、WO2008/056746、WO2010/015306、WO2011/057706、WO2011/060859或WO2011/060877的,锌络合物,例如根据EP652273或WO2009/062578的,二氮杂硅杂环戊二烯或四氮杂硅杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO2010/054729的,二氮杂磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据WO2010/054730的,桥连的咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO2011/042107、WO2011/060867、WO2011/088877和未公开申请EP11003232.3的,或苯并菲衍生物,例如根据WO2012/048781的。与实际发光体相比在较短波长处发光的另外的磷光发光体同样可以存在于所述混合物中作为共主体。
适当的磷光化合物(=三重态发光体)特别是如下的化合物,该化合物经适当激发时发光,优选在可见区发光,并且另外包含至少一种原子序数大于20,优选大于38但小于84,特别优选大于56但小于80的原子,特别是具有该原子序数的金属。使用的磷光发光体优选是包含铜、钼、钨、铼、钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂、银、金或铕的化合物,特别是包含铱或铂的化合物。
申请WO00/70655、WO2001/41512、WO2002/02714、WO2002/15645、EP1191613、EP1191612、EP1191614、WO2005/033244、WO2005/019373、US2005/0258742、WO2010/086089、WO2011/157339或WO2012/007086公开了上述发光体的实例。同样适当的例如是在未公开申请EP11004545.7、EP11005252.9和EP11006562.0中公开的金属络合物。一般地,根据现有技术用于磷光OLED的和在有机电致发光领域普通技术人员所已知的所有磷光络合物都是适当的,且本领域普通技术人员将能够在不需要付出创造性劳动的情况下使用其它磷光络合物。
在本发明的另外的一种实施方式中,本发明的有机电致发光器件不包括分离的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即,发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻,如在例如WO2005/053051中所描述的。还可以使用与发光层中的金属络合物相同或类似的金属络合物,作为与所述发光层直接相邻的空穴传输或空穴注入材料,如在例如WO2009/030981中所描述的。
优选将式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物用于空穴传输或空穴注入或电子阻挡或激子阻挡层中。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物用作空穴传输材料。那么优选将所述化合物用于空穴传输层中和/或用于空穴注入层中。在本发明意义上的空穴注入层是如下的层,其与阳极直接相邻。在本发明意义上的空穴传输层是如下的层,其位于空穴注入层和发光层之间。该空穴传输层可以与所述发光层直接相邻。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物用作空穴传输材料或用作空穴注入材料,则可优选其掺杂有电子受体化合物,例如掺杂有F4-TCNQ或掺杂有如EP1476881或EP1596445中所述的化合物。
适当的掺杂剂原则上是如下的所有化合物,其是电子受体化合物并能够通过氧化主体而增大所述有机层的导电性。本领域普通技术人员基于其一般专业知识,将能够在不付出大量劳动的情况下确定另外的合适化合物,并以与本发明化合物组合的方式使用这样的化合物。特别适当的掺杂剂是如在WO2011/073149、EP1968131、EP2276085、EP2213662、EP1722602、EP2045848、DE102007031220、US8044390、US8057712、WO2009/003455、WO2010/094378、WO2011/120709、US2010/0096600和WO2012/095143中公开的化合物。
在本发明另一种优选实施方式中,式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物与六氮杂苯并菲衍生物组合用作空穴传输材料,其如US2007/0092755中所述的。该六氮杂苯并菲衍生物在此处特别优选用于单独的层中。
如果式(1)、(2)或(3)化合物在空穴传输层中用作空穴传输材料,则在该空穴传输层中,所述化合物可作为纯材料使用,即,以100%的比例使用,或者在该空穴传输层中,所述化合物可与一种或多种另外的化合物的组合使用。
在本发明的又一种另外优选的实施方式中,本发明化合物在电子传输或电子注入层中用作电子传输材料。所述发光层在此处可以是发荧光或发磷光的。如果所述化合物用作电子传输材料,则可优选其掺杂有例如碱金属络合物,例如LiQ(羟基喹啉锂)。
在本发明的又一种另外优选的实施方式中,本发明化合物用于空穴阻挡层中。空穴阻挡层被认为是指如下的层,其与阴极侧上的发光层直接相邻。
在本发明的有机电致发光器件的另外的层中,可使用根据现有技术通常使用的所有材料。因此,本领域普通技术人员将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下与本发明式(1)化合物或上文所示出优选实施方式组合使用已知用于有机电致发光器件的所有材料。
还优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,借助于升华方法涂覆一个或多个层,其中在真空升华设备中,在低于10-5毫巴,优选低于10-6毫巴的初压下通过气相沉积施加所述材料。然而,所述初压也可以甚至更低,例如低于10-7毫巴。
同样优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于通过OVPD(有机气相沉积)方法或借助于载气升华来涂覆一个或多个层,其中,在10-5毫巴至1巴的压力下施加所述材料。该方法中的特别的例子是OVJP(有机蒸气喷印)方法,其中所述材料通过喷管直接施加,并且因此是结构化的(例如M.S.Arnold等人,Appl.Phys.Lett.(应用物理快报)2008,92,053301)。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于从溶液中例如通过旋涂,或借助于任何希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、LITI(光引发热成像,热转印)、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷,来产生一个或多个层。对于这种目的,例如通过适当取代获得的可溶的化合物是必要的。
混合方法同样是可行的,其中例如从溶液施加一个或多个层且通过气相沉积施加一个或多个另外的层。
这些方法通常为本领域普通技术人员所已知,且他们能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下将其应用于包含本发明化合物的有机电致发光器件中。
相对于现有技术,本发明的化合物和本发明的有机电致发光器件,突出之处在于以下令人惊讶的优点:
1.当用作荧光或磷光发光体的基质材料时,本发明化合物导致非常高的效率和长的寿命。这点特别适用于所述化合物用作磷光发光体的基质材料的情况。
2.本发明化合物不仅适合作为红色磷光化合物的基质,而且适合用于绿色磷光化合物的基质,可能还适合用于蓝色磷光化合物的基质。
3.本发明化合物非常适合用于空穴传输层中或电子阻挡层中,其中它们导致所述电子器件具有非常好的效率和寿命。
4.本发明化合物能够以非常高的产率和非常高的纯度进行制备,这意味着,能够省去总是与材料损耗相关的络合物纯化,或至少仅需要程度大幅降低的这种纯化。
5.本发明化合物的热稳定性高,这不仅提供了通过真空蒸发制造OLED的优势,而且还提供了通过升华方法进行纯化的优势。
上述的这些优点不伴有对其它电子性能的损害。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例更详细地解释本发明,但不希望因此限制本发明。本领域普通技术人员将能够在不付出创造性劳动的情况下应用本说明书在所公开的整个范围内实施本发明,并制备根据本发明的另外的化合物,并将其用于电子器件中,或应用本发明的方法。
实施例:
除非另外指明,在干燥溶剂中在保护气体气氛下实施以下合成。溶剂和试剂可购买自ALDRICH或ABCR。在原料可商购获得的情况下,所示出方括号中的数字是相应的CAS号。
实施例1:(2-溴苯基)苯基-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺,合成子S1
将50ml(50mmol)三叔丁基膦(在甲苯中,1M)、5.6g(25mmol)乙酸钯(II)添加至211.3g(1mol)基苯基胺[23592-67-8]、311.3g(1.1mol)1-溴-2-碘苯[583-55-1]和1500ml甲苯的混合物中,搅拌5分钟之后,添加115.3g(1.2mol)叔丁醇钠,然后将该混合物加热回流16小时。冷却之后,在搅拌下添加500ml水,将水相分离出,将有机相每次用500ml饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤两次,使用硫酸镁干燥,真空下除去甲苯,将残留的油从约1000ml的1-丁醇重结晶。产率:224.0g(611mmol),61%;纯度:根据NMR,该产物包含约15%的(2-碘苯基)苯基(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺,然后在不进一步纯化的情况下反应。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例6:10-基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将100ml(250mmol)正丁基锂(在正己烷中,2.5M)逐滴添加至91.6g(250mmol)(2-溴苯基)苯基-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺(S1)在750ml THF中的冷却至-78℃的剧烈搅拌的悬浮液中,将该混合物搅拌另外的30分钟。然后逐滴添加49.1g(250mmol)氧杂蒽[90-47-1]的悬浮液,将该反应混合物搅拌另外的15分钟,然后使其缓慢温热至室温。在真空下完全除去溶剂,将油状残余物溶于700ml冰乙酸中,并将该悬浮液在70℃下搅拌4小时。冷却之后,将固体用抽吸过滤出,每次用100ml冰乙酸洗涤两次,每次用100ml乙醇洗涤两次,然后在真空下干燥,并且将粗产物从约200ml二烷重结晶一次。产率:84.8g(182mmol),73%;根据NMR的纯度为约99.5%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例11:3,6-二溴-10-基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将55.2g(310mmol)NBS分份添加至69.8g(150mmol)10-基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]在1000ml二氯甲烷中的保持在35℃的溶液中,然后将该混合物回流搅拌16小时。冷却之后,在真空下除去二氯甲烷,将糊状残余物溶于500ml甲醇中,在45℃下搅拌另外的1小时,将结晶固体用抽吸过滤出,每次用100ml甲醇洗涤两次,并在真空中干燥。产率:87.0g(140mmol),93%;根据NMR的纯度为约99.5%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例14:3,6-二苯基-10-基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将62.3g(100mmol)3,6-二溴-10-基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]、30.5g(250mmol)苯基硼酸、63.7g(300mmol)磷酸三钾、1.8g(6mmol)三邻甲苯基膦、225mg(1mmol)乙酸钯(II)、400ml甲苯、200ml二烷和400ml水的混合物加热回流16小时。在冷却之后,将有机相分离出,用500ml水洗涤一次,用500ml饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤一次,然后用硫酸镁干燥。将干燥剂用硅藻土床(Celite-Bett)过滤出,用甲苯冲洗,在真空中除去甲苯,将残余物在沸点下在添加乙醇(1-2ml/g)的情况下从二烷(3ml/g)重结晶五次。通过分级升华两次(p约10-6毫巴,T=300-320℃)实施进一步的纯化。产率:20.4g(33mmol),33%;纯度:根据HPLC为>99.9%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例86:3,6-二苯基-10-间联苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将50.0g(100mmol)实施例60的3,6-二苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]、30.3g(130mmol)3-溴-1,1'-联苯[2113-57-7]、14.4g(150mmol)叔丁醇钠、526mg(2.6mmol)三叔丁基膦、449mg(2mmol)乙酸钯(II)和500ml邻二甲苯的混合物加热回流8小时,直至所述胺已被消耗。在冷却至60℃之后,添加500ml水,将有机相分离出,用500ml水洗涤一次,用500ml饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤一次,然后用硫酸镁干燥。将干燥剂用硅藻土床过滤出,用邻二甲苯冲洗,在真空中除去邻二甲苯,并且在沸点下在添加乙醇(1-2ml/g)的情况下从二烷(3ml/g)将残余物重结晶五次。通过分级升华两次(p约10-6毫巴,T=300-320℃)实施进一步的纯化。产率:26.7g(41mmol),41%;纯度:根据HPLC的纯度为>99.9%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例108:3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-6-苯基-10-对联苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将65.4g(100mmol)实施例12的3-溴-6-苯基-10-对联苯基螺-[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]、27.9g(110mmol)联硼酸频那醇酯[73183-34-3]、29.5g(300mmol)乙酸钾、200g玻璃珠(直径3mm)、561mg(2mmol)三环己基膦、249mg(1mmol)乙酸钯(II)和1000ml二烷的混合物在80℃下搅拌16小时,直至所述溴化物已被消耗。在冷却和真空中除去溶剂之后,将残余物溶于1000ml乙酸乙酯中,通过硅藻土床过滤,将滤液在真空中蒸发至开始结晶,最后逐滴添加约100ml甲醇以完成结晶。产率:61.0g(87mmol),87%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为约97%。
可与实施例39的3-溴-7-苯基-10-间联苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]类似地制备相应的硼酸酯,实施例109。
实施例110:3,6-二苯基-10-(4,6-二苯基嘧啶-2-基)螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]
将4.8g(120mmol)氢化钠,在矿物油中的分散体,60重量%,分份添加至50.0g(100mmol)实施例60的3,6-二苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-氧杂蒽]在500ml DMF中的悬浮液中,将该混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后在30分钟的过程中逐滴添加32.0g(120mmol)2-氯-4,6-二苯基嘧啶[2915-16-4]在500ml THF中的溶液,并且将该混合物在室温下搅拌另外的16小时。将反应混合物在剧烈搅拌下倾倒至2000g冰上,将沉淀的固体用抽吸过滤出,每次用300ml甲醇洗涤三次,然后每次用300ml正庚烷洗涤三次,并且在真空中干燥。将粗产物溶于1000ml热甲苯中,通过硅藻土床过滤,将滤液在真空中蒸发至开始结晶,最后逐滴添加约100ml甲醇以完成结晶。从二烷中重结晶,然后分级升华两次(p约10-6毫巴,T=300-330℃)。产率:28.5g(39mmol),39%;纯度:根据HPLC为>99.9%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例115:3,6-双(2-甲基苯基)-10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(2,7-双二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽]
a)10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(2,7-双二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽],实施例116
将80.0ml(200mmol)n-BuLi,在正己烷中2.5摩尔,逐滴添加至58.1g(100mmol)实施例28的10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(2,7-二溴)氧杂蒽]在1000ml THF中的冷却至-78℃的剧烈搅拌的溶液中,然后将该混合物搅拌另外的1小时。然后,缓慢地逐滴添加48.5g(220mmol)二苯基氯化膦[1079-66-7]和100ml THF的混合物,将该混合物搅拌另外的30分钟,使其温热至室温,然后在真空中除去THF,将残余物溶于1000ml乙酸乙酯中,并且在非常剧烈的搅拌下添加100ml水和20.6ml(200mmol)30重量%过氧化氢的混合物。在搅拌16小时之后,将反应混合物在真空中蒸发至约200ml,然后添加300ml乙醇,并将该混合物搅拌另外的2小时。将沉淀的固体用抽吸过滤出,用乙醇洗涤,并在真空中干燥。使以这种方式获得的固体从DMF/乙醇中重结晶一次。产率:48.6g(59mmol),59%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为>98%。
b)3,6-二溴-10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(双-2,7-二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽]
NBS溴化:类似于实施例11的步骤。批料41.2g(50mmol)10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(双-2,7-二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽],步骤a)和19.6g(110mmol)NBS。产率:47.1g(48mmol),96%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为>98%。
c)3,6-双(2-甲基苯基)-10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(双-2,7-二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽]
Suzuki偶联:类似于实施例14的步骤。批料47.1g(48mmol)3,6-二溴-10-苯基螺[吖啶-9(10H),9'-(双-2,7-二苯基氧化膦基)氧杂蒽],步骤b)和17.0g(125mmol)2-甲苯基硼酸[16419-60-6]。产率:17.0g(17mmol),35%;纯度:根据HPLC为>99.9%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
实施例120:
a)(6,6,12,12-四甲基-6,12-二氢茚并[1,2-b]芴-2-基)-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺
将404mg(2mmol)三叔丁基膦,然后将225mg(1mmol)乙酸钯(II),添加至38.9g(100mmol)2-溴-6,6,12,12-四甲基-6,12-二氢茚并[1,2-b]芴、13.5g(100mmol)2,4,6-三甲基苯基胺、12.5g(130mmol)叔丁醇钠和500ml甲苯的混合物中,将该混合物加热回流16小时。冷却之后,添加300ml水,将有机相分离出,使用硫酸镁干燥,然后经由硅藻土床滤出,并在真空下除去甲苯。产率:38.7g(87mmol),87%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为约95%。
b)(2-溴苯基)-(6,6,12,12-四甲基-6,12-二氢茚并[1,2-b]芴-2-基)-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺
Buchwald偶联:类似于实施例1的步骤。批料22.2g(50mmol)(6,6,12,12-四甲基-6,12-二氢茚并[1,2-b]芴-2-基)-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺,步骤a)。产率:19.8g(33mmol),66%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为>98%。
c)
类似于实施例6的步骤。批料18.0g(30mmol)(2-溴苯基)-(6,6,12,12-四甲基-6,12-二氢茚并[1,2-b]芴-2-基)-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)胺,步骤b)。通过从DMF重结晶四次和分级升华两次(p约10-6毫巴,T=300-320℃)进行纯化。产率:6.3g(9mmol),30%,纯度:根据HPLC为>99.9%。
可类似地获得如下化合物:
制造OLED
通过按照WO2004/058911的一般方法制造本发明的OLED和现有技术的OLED,此处将该方法调整以适应所述环境(层厚度的改变,材料)。
在以下实施例中给出了多种OLED的结构和数据(见表1至11)。为改进处理,将已经涂有厚度为150nm结构化ITO(氧化铟锡)的玻璃板涂覆20nm的PEDOT(聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧-2,5-噻吩),从水中旋涂施加;购买自德国,Goslar,H.C.Starck)。这些涂覆的玻璃板形成用于试验V1、V2和D1-D15的基底,不具有另外PEDOT层的那些用于实施例D16-D119和用于D-W1中。将OLED施加到所述基底上。
在真空室中通过热气相沉积施加所有材料。用于制造所述OLED所需的材料示于表12中。此处的发光层总是由至少一种基质材料(主体材料)和发光掺杂剂(发光体)组成,通过共蒸发使所述一种或多种基质材料以特定的体积比例与所述发光掺杂剂混合。此处例如H1(95%):SEB(5%)的表达是指,材料H1以95%的体积比例存在于该层中,而SEB1以5%的比例存在于该层中。类似地,所述电子传输层也可以由两种材料的混合物组成。
通过标准方法表征所述OLED。为此目的,确定电致发光光谱,电流效率(以cd/A测量),功率效率(以lm/W测量)和外量子效率(EQE,以百分比测量),其作为发光密度的函数,从呈现朗伯发射特性的电流/电压/发光密度特性线(IUL特性线)计算,和寿命。确定在1000cd/m2发光密度下的电致发光光谱,并从其计算CIE1931x和y颜色坐标。在表2和4中的表达U@1000cd/m2表示1000cd/m2发光密度所需要的电压。最后,EQE@1000cd/m2表示在1000cd/m2工作发光密度下的外量子效率。LT80@6000cd/m2是所述OLED在6000cd/m2亮度下降低至初始密度的80%,即降低至4800cd/m2的寿命。
本发明化合物在荧光和磷光OLED中的应用
所述OLED大体上具有如下的层结构:基底/任选的空穴注入层(IL)/空穴传输层(HTL)/中间层(IL)/空穴传输层(HTL2)/电子阻挡层(EBL)/发光层(EML)/电子传输层(ETL)/任选的电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构显示于所述表中。
本发明化合物特别适合作为OLED中的HTM(空穴传输材料)或EBM(电子阻挡材料)。它们适合用于单个层中,而且也适合作为HTM、EMB的混合组分,或作为所述发光层的成分。与根据现有技术的对比器件(V1和V2)相比,包含本发明化合物的所有试样都显示出更高的效率和/或改进的寿命。与参照材料NPB相比,本发明化合物显示出更高的效率和更好的寿命。
本发明化合物在具有p-掺杂的空穴传输层结构的荧光和磷光OLED中的应用
具有p-掺杂的空穴传输层的OLED具有如下的结构:基底/空穴注入层(HTL1,20nm)/空穴传输层(HIL3,对于具有蓝色单重态发光体的器件为140nm,或者对于具有绿色或黄色三重态发光体的器件为190nm)/空穴传输层(根据本发明的HTL,掺杂有来自Novaled的NPD-9(3%),20nm)/空穴传输层(根据本发明的HTL,20nm)/发光层(EML,20nm或40nm,参见表格)/空穴阻挡层(HBL,在蓝色三重态器件的情况下,10nm,参见表格)电子传输层(ETL,30nm)/可选的电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构和所述结果显示于表5至8中。用于制造所述OLED所需要的材料显示于表12中。
本发明化合物在白光OLED中的应用
通过所述一般方法制造具有如下层结构的发白色光的OLED:基底/空穴注入层(HIL1,20nm)/空穴传输层(HIL3,40nm)/空穴传输层(根据本发明的HTL,掺杂有来自Novaled的NPD-9(3%),20nm)/空穴传输层(根据本发明的HTL,200nm)/发光层(EML,参见表格)/空穴阻挡层(HBL,10nm,参见表格)电子传输层(ETL,30nm)/任选的电子注入层(EIL)和最后的阴极。所述阴极由厚度为100nm的铝层形成。所述OLED的确切结构和所述结果显示于表9和10中。用于制造所述OLED所需要的材料显示于表12中。
表9:白光OLED的结构
表10:器件结果
来自溶液处理的OLED的本发明化合物的应用
本发明化合物还可从溶液进行处理,其中它们导致如下的OLED,与真空处理的OLED相比,该OLED在处理方面明显更简单,但仍具有良好的性能。这种类型的组件的制造基于聚合物发光二极管(PLED)的制造,其已在文献中(例如WO2004/037887中)描述多次。
所述结构由基底/ITO/PEDOT(80nm)/中间层(80nm)/发光层(80nm)/阴极构成。为此目的,使用来自Technoprint的基底(钠钙玻璃),将ITO结构(氧化铟锡,透明的、导电的阳极)施加至该基底。在净化室中用DI水和清洁剂(Deconex15PF)清洁所述基底,然后通过UV/臭氧等离子体处理使该基底活化。然后,同样在所述洁净室中,通过旋涂施加80nm的PEDOT层(PEDOT是聚噻吩衍生物(Baytron P VAI4083sp),来自Goslar的H.C.Starck,作为水分散体提供)作为缓冲层。所需要的旋转速度取决于稀释度和特定的旋转涂布机的几何结构(对于80nm,通常为4500rpm)。为了从该层中除去残留水,通过在热板上在180℃下加热10分钟干燥所述基底。使用的中间层用于空穴注入,在这种情况下使用来自Merck的HIL-012。可选地,所述中间层还可以被一个或多个层代替,其仅须满足如下的条件,即,不被随后从溶液中沉积EML的处理步骤再次分离。为了制造所述发光层,将本发明发光体与基质材料一起溶解于甲苯中。如果此处将通过旋涂实现80nm的器件的典型层厚度,则这种溶液的典型的固体含量为16至25g/L。所述溶液处理的器件包括如下的发光层(EML),其包含(聚苯乙烯):实施例:H7:IrL(D-L1–D-L6)或(聚苯乙烯):实施例:实施例:IrL(D-L7)(15%:25%:50%:10%)。在惰性气体气氛下通过旋涂施加所述发光层,所述惰性气体在这种情况下为氩,并通过在130℃下加热30分钟来干燥所述发光层。最后,通过气相沉积来施加如下的阴极,其包含钡(5nm),和然后的铝(100nm)(来自Aldrich的高纯度金属,特别是钡99.99%(订单号:474711);气相沉积装置来自Lesker或其它供应商,典型的气相沉积压力为5×10-6毫巴)。通过真空气相沉积,任选地,可首先施加空穴阻挡层,然后施加电子传输层,然后才施加阴极(例如Al或LiF/Al)。为了保护所述器件不受空气和大气湿度的影响,最后将所述器件封装,然后进行表征。所提供的OLED实施例尚未优化,表11总结了获得的数据。
表12:
Claims (7)
1.式(6a)、(7a)和(8a)的化合物
其中以下限定适用于使用的符号和标记:
Y是O;
Ar选自苯,邻-、间-或对-联苯,邻-、间-或对-三联苯,邻-、间-或对-四联苯,1-或2-萘基,吡咯,呋喃,噻吩,吲哚,苯并噻吩,苯并呋喃,咔唑,二苯并呋喃,二苯并噻吩,吡啶,嘧啶,吡嗪,哒嗪,三嗪,蒽,菲,芘,苯并蒽,其中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R3取代;
R2、R3在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,CN,N(Ar1)2,C(=O)Ar1,具有1至10个C原子的直链的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基或烷氧基基团,具有2至10个C原子的烯基或炔基基团,所述基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可以被O代替,和其中一个或多个H原子可以被D或F代替,和具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,且其中所述杂芳族环系中的杂原子选自N、O和S;
R4在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,CN,具有1至40个C原子的直链的烷基基团或者具有3至40个C原子的支链或环状的烷基基团,所述基团中的每个可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,具有5至60个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5至60个环原子的杂芳族环系,所述环系在每种情况下可以被一个或多个基团R5取代,且其中所述杂芳族环系中的杂原子选自N、O和S;
Ar1在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5-30芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5-30环原子的杂芳族环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R5取代,且其中所述杂芳族环系中的杂原子选自N、O和S;两个与同一N原子键合的基团Ar1在此处还可以通过单键或如下的桥连基而彼此桥连,所述桥连基选自N(R5)、C(R5)2、O或S;
R5在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的脂族烃基团,具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族环系或具有5至30个环原子的杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个H原子可以被D、F、Cl、Br、I或CN代替,其中所述杂芳族环系中的杂原子选自N、O和S;
m在每次出现时相同或不同地是0或1;
n是0、1、2、3、4或5;
p是0或1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,对于R2至R3,至少一个取代基R2和/或R3选自式(13)、(15)或(16)的结构,
其中R4和m具有在权利要求1中给出的含义,*表明式(13)至(16)的基团键合的位置,此外:
A在每次出现时相同或不同地是CR4或N,条件是一个基团A、两个基团A或三个基团A代表N;
Ar2在每次出现时相同或不同地是具有5至16个C原子的二价的芳族或杂芳族环系,所述环系可以被一个或多个基团R4取代,其中所述杂芳族环系中的杂原子选自N、O和S;
和/或特征在于所述基团R2或R3中的至少一个选自式(20)至(26)的基团,
其中使用的符号和标记具有在权利要求1中给出的和如上给出的含义;
和/或特征在于所述基团R2或R3选自式(35)和式(37)至(49)的基团,
其中使用的符号具有在权利要求1中给出的含义,此外:
E选自C(R4)2、NR4、O或S;
G选自NR4、O或S。
3.用于制备根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物的方法,该方法包括如下的反应步骤:
a)构建卤化的骨架;和
b)经由过渡金属催化的偶联反应引入取代基。
4.含有一种或多种根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物的聚合物或树枝状大分子,其中存在一个或多个从所述化合物至所述聚合物或树枝状大分子的键。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或根据权利要求4所述的聚合物或树枝状大分子在电子器件中的用途。
6.包含至少一种根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或根据权利要求4所述的聚合物或树枝状大分子的电子器件,其中所述电子器件选自有机电致发光器件、有机集成电路、有机场效应晶体管、有机薄膜晶体管、有机发光晶体管、有机太阳能电池、有机光学检测器、有机光感受器、有机场猝熄器件、发光电化学电池、有机激光二极管和有机等离子体发射器件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电子器件,其中所述电子器件是有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物或根据权利要求4所述的聚合物或树枝状大分子用作荧光或磷光发光体的基质材料和/或用作荧光发光体和/或用于电子阻挡或激子阻挡层中和/或用于空穴传输层中和/或用于空穴阻挡层中和/或用于电子传输层中和/或用于光耦合输出层中。
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KR20210124523A (ko) | 2021-10-14 |
JP6306107B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
EP2780325A1 (de) | 2014-09-24 |
US10305040B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
KR102115018B1 (ko) | 2020-05-26 |
KR20200060773A (ko) | 2020-06-01 |
WO2013083216A1 (de) | 2013-06-13 |
JP6081473B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
KR20140096372A (ko) | 2014-08-05 |
US20140316134A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
EP2780325B1 (de) | 2016-02-03 |
KR102310368B1 (ko) | 2021-10-07 |
CN103946215A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2015505819A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
JP2017031152A (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
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