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CN103939466B - 一种三自由度磁轴承 - Google Patents

一种三自由度磁轴承 Download PDF

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CN103939466B
CN103939466B CN201410156526.9A CN201410156526A CN103939466B CN 103939466 B CN103939466 B CN 103939466B CN 201410156526 A CN201410156526 A CN 201410156526A CN 103939466 B CN103939466 B CN 103939466B
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CN103939466A (zh
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朱熀秋
曾润章
张维煜
钱一
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Dongtai Chengdong science and Technology Pioneer Park Management Co.,Ltd.
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种三自由度磁轴承,最外围是同轴套在转子外的径向截面是长方形的轴向定子铁心,轴向定子铁心的内部正中间设置同轴套在转子上的径向定子铁心,径向定子铁心的轴向的左右两侧与轴向定子铁心之间具有空腔,在空腔中安装轴向控制线圈,径向定子铁心由外径向定子磁轭、内径向定子磁轭、4个相同的永磁体和4个相同的定子铁心磁极组成,外径向定子磁轭和内径向定子磁轭的径向截面均是正方形,在外径向定子磁轭的每一面的正中间各镶嵌一个径向充磁的长方形的永磁体;内径向定子磁轭的每一面的内表面正中间向轴心处延伸一个定子铁心磁极,在每个径向定子铁心磁极上各绕制一个径向控制线圈;提高了磁轴承性能。

Description

一种三自由度磁轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非机械接触磁轴承,特指一种三自由度磁轴承,可作为飞轮系统、机床电主轴、离心机等高速传动部件的无接触悬浮支承。
背景技术
目前,由永磁体提供静态偏磁磁通、直流信号提供控制磁通的混合型磁轴承已经成为研究重点,尤其是轴向单自由度磁轴承与径向二自由度磁轴承,而轴向单自由度磁轴承与径向二自由度磁轴承占用较大的轴向空间,磁轴承支承的电机主轴轴向长度较长,体积较大,转子临界速度下降,不能满足飞轮系统、机床电主轴、离心机等高速传动部件向更高转速和功率发展的要求,另一方面,采用直流控制,直流功率放大器价格高,体积大,一个径向磁轴承通常需要四路单极性或两路双极性功率放大电路,从而直接导致了磁轴承体积大,成本高,大大限制了磁轴承的应用领域,特别是限制其在磁悬浮飞轮等航空航天及军事设施领域的应用。
中国专利公开号为CN101038011,名称为“三自由度交流混合磁轴承”采用单面三极径向定子和圆盘型轴向定子结构,转子分别与轴向定子和径向定子之间形成轴向气隙和径向气隙,其缺陷是磁轴承可利用的磁极有效面积小、承载力较小,控制复杂,耦合性强。中国专利公开号为CN1737388,名称为“三自由度交直流径向-轴向混合磁轴承及其控制方法”的专利文献提出的磁轴承采用单片式结构的定子,定子分为轴向定子和径向定子两部分,磁极及转子结构相对简单,缺点是轴向控制线圈与径向控制线圈所占的空间有限,导致磁轴承承载力下降、散热性能差。
发明内容
本发明的目的为了克服现有三自由度磁轴承存在的结构复杂,承载力小,损耗大等不足,进一步减少磁轴承的体积,降低磁轴承功耗和生产成本,提高磁轴承的工作性能,扩大磁轴承的应用领域,提出一种新型的三自由度磁轴承。
本发明采用的技术方案是:本发明包括转子,转子同轴固定套在转轴外,最外围是同轴套在转子外的径向截面是长方形的轴向定子铁心,轴向定子铁心的内部正中间设置同轴套在转子上的径向定子铁心,径向定子铁心的轴向的左右两侧与轴向定子铁心之间具有空腔,在空腔中安装轴向控制线圈,径向定子铁心由外径向定子磁轭、内径向定子磁轭、4个相同的永磁体和4个相同的定子铁心磁极组成,外径向定子磁轭和内径向定子磁轭的径向截面均是正方形,在外径向定子磁轭的每一面的正中间各镶嵌一个径向充磁的长方形的永磁体;外径向定子磁轭的内表面紧密贴合内径向定子磁轭的外表面,内径向定子磁轭的每一面的内表面正中间向轴心处延伸一个定子铁心磁极,四个径向定子铁心磁极在径向上与转子的外壁之间分别留有径向气隙,在每个径向定子铁心磁极上各绕制一个径向控制线圈。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果在于:
1、本发明中的永磁体、轴向定子铁心采用长方形结构,径向定子铁心采用正方形结构,分别取代现有技术中的环形永磁体、环形轴向定子铁心和环形径向定子铁心,不仅提高了磁轴承性能,还节约了材料,减少了成本,提高了系统的临界转速,满足飞轮系统、机床电主轴、离心机等高速传动部件所要求的体积小、重量轻的要求。
2、相比于背景技术中中国专利公开号为CN101038011的专利采用的径向三极结构,本发明采用径向四极结构,在径向上采用四个控制磁通控制,控制简单,不存在耦合,提高磁轴承的工作性能,扩大磁轴承的应用领域
3、本发明将轴向控制线圈绕制在轴向定子铁心和径向定子铁心之间,而磁轴承的其它部件不占用其所属空间,相比于背景技术中中国专利公开号为CN1737388的专利,本发明可为轴向控制线圈提供足够的空间,因此提高了磁轴承的轴向承载力和散热性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种三自由度磁轴承的结构主视图;
图2为图1去掉最外围的轴向定子铁心6后的径向平面图;
图3为图1的磁通示意图;
图4为图2的磁通示意图;
图中:1.轴向控制线圈;21、22、23、24.永磁体;3.径向定子铁心;31、32、33、34.径向定子铁心磁极;4.转子;51、52、53、54.径向控制线圈;6.轴向定子铁心;61.大长方体;62.小长方体;71、72.轴向气隙;81、82、83、84.径向气隙;91、92、93、94.径向控制磁通;10.轴向控制磁通;11.静态偏磁磁通;12.转轴;14.外径向定子磁轭;15.内径向定子磁轭。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示,本发明包括转子4、径向定子铁心3和轴向定子铁心6。转子4由圆形硅钢片叠压而成,转子4的径向截面是中空的圆柱形,转子4同轴固定套在转轴12外。轴向定子铁心6是磁轴承的外壳,位于磁轴承最外围,轴向定子铁心6采用电工纯铁加工而成,确保导磁性能良好,磁滞低,并尽量降低涡流损耗与磁滞损耗。轴向定子铁心6同轴套在转子4外,轴向定子铁心6的径向截面是长方形。在轴向定子铁心6的内部正中间位置设置径向定子铁心3,径向定子铁心3采用硅钢片叠压而成,径向定子铁心3同轴套在转子4上,在径向定子铁心3的轴向的左右两侧与轴向定子铁心6之间具有空腔,在空腔中安装轴向控制线圈1。
轴向定子铁心6是由两端的两个相同的小长方体62、中间的一个大长方体61采用螺钉联接而成。在两个相同的小长方体62的轴向之间固定连接一个大长方体61,小长方体62外表面与大长方体61外表面平齐。两个相同的小长方体62的外端面各伸出在相对应的转子4左、右端面之外,也就是转子4的轴向长度小于两个小长方体62的外端面之间的距离,即转子4的轴向长度小于轴向定子铁心6的长度。两个小长方体62的轴向外端面与转子4的轴向端面之间留有轴向气隙71、72,即轴向定子铁心6在轴向上与转子4之间留有的轴向气隙71、72,轴向气隙71、72在轴向上的长度是0.2-0.4mm,其长度d为小长方体62轴向厚度h的3/4,也就是转子4两个端面分别深入两个相同小长方体62轴向厚度h的1/4处。
径向定子铁心3的径向截面是正方形,由外径向定子磁轭14、内径向定子磁轭15和4个相同的永磁体21、22、23、24以及4个相同的定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34组成,外径向定子磁轭14和内径向定子磁轭15的径向截面均是正方形,外径向定子磁轭14位于径向定子铁心3的最外部,在外径向定子磁轭14的每一面的正中间,各镶嵌一个长方形的永磁体,即外径向定子磁轭14的4个面的正中间分别镶嵌的是长方形永磁体21、22、23、24,永磁体21、22、23、24的径向厚度与外径向定子磁轭14的厚度相等。永磁体21、22、23、24均径向充磁,N极靠近转子4,S极远离转子4与N极相对。永磁体21、22、23、24均采用稀土材料钦铁硼。
外径向定子磁轭14的内表面紧密贴合内径向定子磁轭15的外表面,内径向定子磁轭15的每一面的内表面正中间向轴心处延伸一个定子铁心磁极,即有四个相同的径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34,四个相同的径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34的沿转子4的圆周方向均匀分布,即每两个径向定子铁心磁极之间的间隔角度为90度。四个径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34在径向上与转子4的外壁之间分别留有径向气隙81、82、83、84,四个径向气隙81、82、83、84在径向上的长度均为0.2-0.4mm。在每个径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34上各绕制一个径向控制线圈,即绕制了相同的四个径向控制线圈51、52、53、54。
永磁体21、22、23、24的中心点与其对应的径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34的中心点在同一线上,永磁体21、22、23、24所在的径向横截面上的长度与径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34的径向长度相等,永磁体21、22、23、24所在的轴向长度是径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34的轴向长度的2倍。
参见图3,本发明由长方形的永磁体21、22、23、24提供静态偏磁磁通11(图3中带箭头的虚线磁路),静态偏磁磁通11从每个永磁体21、22、23、24的N极流出,都均分两路(一路顺时针,一路逆时针)经过径向定子铁心3,相应的径向气隙81、82、83、84后进入转子4,然后进入相应的轴向气隙71、72,再经过轴向定子铁心6和外径向定子磁轭14,最后回到相应的永磁体21、22、23、24的S极。轴向控制线圈1通直流电,在转子4、轴向气隙71、轴向定子铁心6与轴向气隙72之间产生轴向控制磁通10的磁回路(参见图3中带箭头的实线磁路),轴向控制磁通10在轴向气隙71、72处与静态偏磁磁通11进行合成,调整轴向气隙71、72处磁场的大小,就可进而调节轴向悬浮力的大小和方向,克服外界扰动或负载,实现转子的稳定悬浮。
参见图4,本发明由互成90度的四个径向定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34上的径向控制线圈51、52、53、54通以直电流,提供相应的径向控制磁通91、92、93、94,分别在内径向定子磁轭15、相应的定子铁心磁极31、32、33、34、相应的径向气隙81、82、83、84与转子4之间形成相应的径向控制磁通91、92、93、94的磁回路。径向控制磁通91、92、93、94在相应的径向气隙81、82、83、84处与静态偏磁磁通11进行合成,调整径向气隙81、82、83、84处磁场的大小,就可进而调节径向悬浮力的大小和方向,克服外界扰动或负载,实现转子的稳定悬浮。当转子由于负载或外扰动力在任一方向产生偏移时,径向控制线圈51、52、53、54通上直流电产生旋转磁场,形成一单极合成磁通,使之与相应的永磁体21、22、23、24产生的静态偏磁磁通11相叠加或削弱,从而在各气隙处产生可控磁悬浮力来克服负载和扰动,使转子始终处于悬浮的中间位置。

Claims (4)

1.一种三自由度磁轴承,包括转子(4),转子(4)同轴固定套在转轴外,其特征是:最外围是同轴套在转子(4)外的径向截面是长方形的轴向定子铁心(6),轴向定子铁心(6)的内部正中间设置同轴套在转子(4)上的径向定子铁心(3),径向定子铁心(3)的轴向的左右两侧与轴向定子铁心(6)之间具有空腔,在空腔中安装轴向控制线圈(1),径向定子铁心(3)由外径向定子磁轭(14)、内径向定子磁轭(15)、4个相同的永磁体和4个相同的定子铁心磁极组成,外径向定子磁轭(14)和内径向定子磁轭(15)的径向截面均是正方形,在外径向定子磁轭(14)的每一面的正中间各镶嵌一个径向充磁的长方形的永磁体;外径向定子磁轭(14)的内表面紧密贴合内径向定子磁轭(15)的外表面,内径向定子磁轭(15)的每一面的内表面正中间向轴心处延伸一个定子铁心磁极,四个径向定子铁心磁极在径向上与转子(4)的外壁之间分别留有径向气隙,在每个径向定子铁心磁极上各绕制一个径向控制线圈。
2.根据权利要求1所述三自由度磁轴承,其特征是:长方形的永磁体的径向厚度与外径向定子磁轭(14)的径向厚度相等。
3.根据权利要求1所述三自由度磁轴承,其特征是:转子(4)的轴向长度小于轴向定子铁心(6)的长度,轴向定子铁心(6)的轴向外端面与转子(4)轴向端面之间留有0.2-0.4mm的轴向气隙。
4.根据权利要求1所述三自由度磁轴承,其特征是:永磁体所在的径向横截面上的长度与径向定子铁心磁极的径向长度相等,永磁体的轴向长度是径向定子铁心磁极轴向长度的2倍。
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JP2008069964A (ja) * 2006-08-18 2008-03-27 Toru Masuzawa ハイブリッド型磁気軸受
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CN1737388A (zh) * 2005-05-18 2006-02-22 江苏大学 三自由度交直流径向-轴向混合磁轴承及其控制方法
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CN101220832A (zh) * 2007-11-28 2008-07-16 江苏大学 径向四极二相交流驱动的径向-轴向混合磁轴承

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