CN103936488B - A kind of forest harvesting residue seedling medium being suitable for fast-growing woods nursery and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of forest harvesting residue seedling medium being suitable for fast-growing woods nursery and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103936488B CN103936488B CN201410162073.0A CN201410162073A CN103936488B CN 103936488 B CN103936488 B CN 103936488B CN 201410162073 A CN201410162073 A CN 201410162073A CN 103936488 B CN103936488 B CN 103936488B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of forest harvesting residue seedling medium, fermented product and composite fertilizer special including forest harvesting residue, the tunning that fermented product is forest harvesting residue, pig and/or cattle manure and water of described forest harvesting residue, described composite fertilizer special is formulated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element needed for different seeds.The seedling medium of the present invention, is suitable for seedling early growth, it is possible to meet the nutritional need of forestry Commercial Forests quick growing species of trees nursery；Take full advantage of forest harvesting waste resource, the environmental pollution that burning mountain when decreasing cutover new plantation is caused, beneficially low-carbon environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture, forest seedling nursing field, be specifically related to a kind of nursery being suitable for fast-growing woods seeds seed seedling-raising
Substrate and preparation method.
Background technology
The sixties in 20th century, the composite interstitial substance of Cornell Univ USA's development and the VC compost of University of California
All with rock wool as seedling medium, Cornell University has also opened up the utilization on seedling medium of Vermiculitum and peat.Municipal waste and
River Mud all Zeng Zuowei cave seedling medium carrys out nursery, and effect is the most more satisfactory.To the seventies, Pause jovi has excavated the peat composed of rotten mosses
(peat) use in soilless culture, but show in research subsequently, the cultivation effect of the peat composed of rotten mosses (peat) single-matrix is not
Cultivation effect such as mixed-matrix is good.Substrate is made, the peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum as the U.S. commonly uses the mixture of the thin peat of 1:1 or 2:1 and Vermiculitum
The seedling medium formula of 2:1 is widely used the most therewith.Japan also invented a kind of special pot for growing seedlings block, and the material of alms bowl block is permissible
It is rock wool, the peat composed of rotten mosses, coconut husk fermented product etc..Seed directly can be sown in alms bowl, squirts with water after covering substrate.To the later stage eighties,
International cultivation technique without soil level has had much strength.
Since the eighties in 20th century, the culture matrix etc. of different tree species container seedling is studied by domestic scholars, coal
Slag and the grains of sand are China's soilless culture substrates the earliest.It is commonly applied to configure the raw material of substrate at present, how based on organic materials,
Such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, carbonization rice chaff, fertilizer, mushroom slag etc., be aided with part inorganic material, as Vermiculitum, perlite, rock wool,
Slag ash, fine sand etc..These substrate physio-biochemical characteristics are different, are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses.The peat composed of rotten mosses is the good appearance generally acknowledged both at home and abroad
Device seedling medium, all achieves good test effect in flowers and forest seedling growth and is promoted.On carbonization rice chaff is also
One of good base starting material, but be also required to because pH value is higher with other host materials with the use of.Fertilizer is containing abundant organic matter
And physicochemical property is suitable, it it is comparatively ideal seedling medium.Perlite water-holding capacity is big, and its alkalescence is also required to and other substrate by force equally
Mixed.Rock wool substrate aeration and water absorbing and retaining properties are good, but phenol free in rock wool can be directly entered in cultivated plant and then right
Human body produces harm, and discarded rock wool can not be decomposed voluntarily, enters soil and causes subsoil water to be contaminated.Cotton seed hulls, Semen Maydis
The seedling medium that straw is main can be beneficial to the growth of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.As far back as 1988, the just cooperation of Agricultural University Of Nanjing and Jiangsu University, grind
Send out reed organic substrate as a kind of Novel seedling raising substrate at that time.In recent years, domestic many scholars also actively developed
The research and development of new medium.Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell mixes with bean cake and carbonization rice husk, bark pulverize add after soaking bog moss and Vermiculitum,
Green plants garbage and the matrix formulations that Chinese herbal medicine is raw material all show preferable effect.
Forest harvesting (slash) residue be primarily referred to as forest through fell after abandon the branch in cutting area, leaves, topwood,
Fracture wood, bark, stump and tree root, dead and dying trees, the residue such as wood and shrub of standing.At present, China fells the former of producing material gained
The volume of timber of wood is only about the 65% of growing stock, and remaining is all as residue.Thus can calculate, the annual log in the whole nation produces
Amount is about 41,000,000 m3, harvesting of wood residue is 14,000,000 m3Left and right, equivalent log volume can reach 4,700,000 m3.China is current
Forest harvesting residue utilization rate is relatively low, and a large amount of logging residues are in addition to being picked up by local self-employed tree cultivator on a small quantity and being used as family's fuel, main
If being burned to clear up cutover before new plantation, thus go out great amount of carbon dioxide and haze to airborne release, seriously
Pollute environment.And it is used as the important channel that seedling medium raw material is preferable residue utilization, have no phase before this
The report closed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of effective, environmental protection, be suitable to fast-growing woods nursery, reusable nursery base
Matter and preparation method thereof.
The forest harvesting residue seedling medium that the present invention provides, fermented product and forestry including forest harvesting residue are special
With compound fertilizer, the tunning that fermented product is forest harvesting residue, animal wastes and water of described forest harvesting residue；
Described forestry composite fertilizer special is formulated according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element needed for different fast-growing woods seeds.
The fermented product of described forest harvesting residue and the volume ratio (7-9) of composite fertilizer special: (1-3), preferably 9:1.
Forest harvesting residue can include fell after abandon the branch in cutting area, leaves, topwood, the wood that fractures, bark,
Stump and tree root, dead and dying trees, wood of standing, shrub, sylvan life deposit etc..
The preferred pig of described animal wastes and/or cattle manure.
The preparation method of above-mentioned forest harvesting residue seedling medium, comprises the following steps:
(1) after forest harvesting residue being pulverized, mix with pig and/or cattle manure and water, fermentation, drying, drip washing, dries,
Obtain the fermented product of forest harvesting residue；
(2) according to nutrient needed for different fast-growing woods seeds, by the fermented product of forest harvesting residue and different fast-growing woods tree
The composite fertilizer special mixing planted.
As preferably, in step (1), it is 80-180 mesh powder that forest harvesting residue is ground into particle diameter, more preferably
120 mesh.
As preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of described forest harvesting residue, water and pigs and cattle excrement is (10-15):
(15-25): (1-3), more preferably 12:20:2.
As preferably, in step (1), described fermentation condition is high temperature 65-75 DEG C, ferments 6-8 days；Middle temperature 50-60 DEG C, sends out
Ferment 10-15 days；20-30 DEG C of afterripening fermentation of room temperature 65-85 days.More preferably high temperature 75 DEG C, ferments 7 days；Middle temperature 50 DEG C, fermentation 12
My god；25 DEG C of afterripening fermentations of room temperature 7 days.Hot fermentation can effectively kill antibacterial；Mesophilic digestion can effectively decompose toxic organic compound；Often
Temperature fermentation can make its further ripening fermented product.
As preferably, in step (1), described drip washing is by tunning drip washing to pH 6-7, EC 2-3mS/cm.
As preferably, in step (1), dry temperature and be 60-80 DEG C.
As preferably, in step (2), after mixing, for convenient transportation, compressing it into bulk, compression ratio is (8-5): 1,
More preferably 6:1.
The present invention uses forest harvesting residue to be primary raw material, fermented process, then the growth of compatibility other plant is required
Nutrient prepares a kind of ecosystem seedling medium.Its beneficial effect has: abundant raw material source, with low cost, balanced in nutrition, suitable
Close seedling early growth, it is possible to meet the nutritional need of forestry Commercial Forests quick growing species of trees nursery；The present invention takes full advantage of forest harvesting
Waste resource, the environmental pollution that burning mountain when decreasing cutover new plantation is caused, beneficially low-carbon environment-friendly；Preparation method
Technique is simple, with low cost, easy to operate, and production efficiency is high.Additionally, this seedling medium is reused effective.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that the seedling medium of the present invention is not only applicable to fast-growing woods nursery, and be applicable to flowers, medical material,
And other tree seed nursery, following embodiment is only as a example by fast-growing woods nursery.What forest harvesting residue taken from by the present invention
The forest of type is not particularly limited, such as Coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest.
The present invention in being embodied as, according to the different quick growing species of treess (China fir, pine, poplar, eucalyptus globulus) to required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other
Micronutrient, prepares corresponding composite fertilizer special, then sending out forest harvesting slash residue by the conventional method of this area
The forestry composite fertilizer special of ferment thing compatibility different tree species.
Below by way of following embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Concrete material proportion described by embodiment,
Process conditions and result thereof are merely to illustrate the present invention, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting residue, forestry composite fertilizer special volume ratio
For 8:2.Preparation method is as follows:
(1) forest harvesting residue fermentation: the masson pine forest of (120 mesh) residue will be cut down (include brush wood, tree after pulverizing
Leaf and sylvan life deposit etc.), water and pigs and cattle excrement put into small-sized temperature controlled Zymolysis Equipment by weight 12:20:2, high temperature 70 DEG C is sent out
Ferment 7 days, middle temperature 55 DEG C ferments 14 days, 20-30 DEG C of room temperature afterripening fermentation 80 days, takes out 60-80 DEG C of drying；
(2) tunning drip washing: use saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to pH about 6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm
(25 DEG C) left and right, product reduces pH Yu EC value through drip washing so that nutritional labeling can more fully be absorbed by seedling；Taking-up is placed on
On plastic sheeting, dry under ventilation state, obtain the fermented product of forest harvesting residue；
(3) Pinus massoniana Lamb seeds composite fertilizer special preparation: by ammonium hydrogen carbonate, potassium chloride, double superhosphate, bran coat, weight ratio
47.1:20.0:26.1:6.8 be mixed evenly, obtain Pinus massoniana Lamb composite fertilizer special；
(4) preparation of seedling medium: the fermented product of forest harvesting residue is first pressed with Pinus massoniana Lamb seeds composite fertilizer special
Mixing according to 8:2 volume ratio, repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 8:1, obtains the special seedling medium of Pinus massoniana Lamb.
The seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation is used for the seedling growth test of Pinus massoniana Lamb fast-growing woods, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity (strain) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 96 | 95 | 99 | 93 | 94 | 98 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 95 | 92 |
| Survival rate (%) | 96 | 95 | 99 | 93 | 94 | 98 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 95 | 92 |
Substrate after above-mentioned plantation one season Pinus massoniana Lamb fast-growing woods is regathered, the plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb fast-growing woods second season, emerge
Rate is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity (strain) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 93 | 96 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 94 | 93 | 92 | 97 |
| Survival rate (%) | 93 | 96 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 94 | 93 | 92 | 97 |
Embodiment 2
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting slash residue, forestry composite fertilizer special body
Long-pending ratio is 8.5:1.5.Its preparation method is as follows:
(1) alder woods cutover residue (80 mesh), water and pigs and cattle excrement after pulverizing are put into by weight 10:15:3
Small-sized temperature controlled Zymolysis Equipment, high temperature 75 DEG C fermentation 6d, middle temperature 65 DEG C fermentation 10 days, 20-30 DEG C of room temperature afterripening fermentation 85d, takes out
Dry；
(2) use saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to pH about 6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm (25 DEG C) left and right, take
Go out to place on a plastic film, dry under ventilation state；
(3) Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae seeds composite fertilizer special preparation: by ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, bran coat, weight 47.6:18.0:
20.0:14.4 be mixed evenly, obtain Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae composite fertilizer special；
(4) by first to the fermented product of forest harvesting slash residue and Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae seeds composite fertilizer special according to 8.5:1.5 volume
Mixing, drying machine is dried, more repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 6:1.
The seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation is used for the seedling growth test of Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae fast-growing woods, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 91 | 95 | 97 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 97 | 90 | 94 | 95 | 96 |
| Survival rate (%) | 91 | 95 | 97 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 97 | 90 | 94 | 95 | 96 |
Substrate after above-mentioned plantation one season Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae fast-growing woods being regathered, the plantation Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae fast-growing woods second season, emergence rate is shown in
Table 4.
Table 4
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity (strain) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 95 | 96 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 92 |
| Survival rate (%) | 95 | 96 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 92 |
Embodiment 3
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting slash residue, forestry composite fertilizer special body
Long-pending ratio is 7.5:2.5.Its preparation method is as follows:
(1) poplar forest logging residue (180 mesh), water and pigs and cattle excrement after pulverizing are put into little by weight 15:25:1
Type temperature control Zymolysis Equipment, high temperature 65 DEG C fermentation 8d, middle temperature 50 DEG C fermentation 15 days, 20-30 DEG C of room temperature afterripening fermentation 75d, takes out and dries
Dry；
(2) use saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to about pH6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm (25 DEG C) left and right, take
Go out to place on a plastic film, dry under ventilation state；
(3) eucalypt species composite fertilizer special preparation: by ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, chicken manure 26.5:20.0 by weight:
42.9:10.6 be mixed evenly, obtain willow composite fertilizer special；
(4) fermented product of forest harvesting residue is first mixed according to 7.5:2.5 volume with Popular species composite fertilizer special,
Drying machine is dried, more repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 5:1.
The seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation is used for the seedling growth test of Eucalyptus fast-growing woods, the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 94 | 95 | 97 | 98 | 94 | 93 | 95 | 97 | 95 | 94 | 95 | 96 |
| Survival rate (%) | 94 | 95 | 97 | 98 | 94 | 93 | 95 | 97 | 95 | 94 | 95 | 96 |
Substrate after above-mentioned plantation one season Eucalyptus fast-growing woods being regathered, the plantation Eucalyptus fast-growing woods second season, emergence rate is shown in
Table 6.
Table 6
| Nursery is numbered | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Nursery quantity (strain) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survive quantity (strain) | 96 | 95 | 94 | 96 | 94 | 93 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 93 | 96 | 94 |
| Survival rate (%) | 96 | 95 | 94 | 96 | 94 | 93 | 95 | 97 | 96 | 93 | 96 | 94 |
Claims (9)
1. a forest harvesting residue seedling medium, it is characterised in that include the fermented product of forest harvesting residue and special multiple
Hefei, the fermented product of described forest harvesting residue is weight ratio (10-15): (15-25): the forest harvesting residue of (1-3),
Water and the tunning of animal wastes, described composite fertilizer special is according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the amount of trace element needed for different seeds
Formulated, the fermented product of described forest harvesting residue and the volume ratio (7-9) of composite fertilizer special: (1-3)；Described nursery base
Matter uses following step to be prepared from:
(1) after forest harvesting residue being pulverized, mix with animal wastes and water, fermentation, dry, drip washing, dry, obtain forest and adopt
Cut down the fermented product of residue；
(2) according to nutrient needed for different fast-growing woods seeds, by the fermented product of forest harvesting residue and different fast-growing woods seeds
Composite fertilizer special mixes.
Forest harvesting residue seedling medium the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described animal wastes be pig and/
Or cattle manure.
Forest harvesting residue seedling medium the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described composite fertilizer special is
Formulated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element needed for different fast-growing woods seeds.
4. a preparation method for the forest harvesting residue seedling medium that one of claim 1-3 is described, comprises the following steps:
(1) after forest harvesting residue being pulverized, mix with pig and/or cattle manure and water, fermentation, drying, drip washing, dry, obtain gloomy
The fermented product of woods logging residue；
(2) according to nutrient needed for different fast-growing woods seeds, by the fermented product of forest harvesting residue and different fast-growing woods seeds
Composite fertilizer special mixes.
The preparation method of forest harvesting residue seedling medium the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step (1)
In, it is 80-180 mesh powder that forest harvesting residue is ground into particle diameter.
The preparation method of forest harvesting residue seedling medium the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step (1)
In, the weight ratio of described forest harvesting residue, water and pigs and cattle excrement is (10-15): (15-25): (1-3).
7. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling medium one of claim 4-6 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (1), described fermentation condition is high temperature 65-75 DEG C, ferments 6-8 days；Middle temperature 50-60 DEG C, ferments 10-15 days；Room temperature after-ripening
Ferment 65-85 days.
8. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling medium one of claim 4-6 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly, in (1), described drip washing is by tunning drip washing to pH 6-7, EC 2-3mS/cm.
9. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling medium one of claim 4-6 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (2), being compressed into bulk after mixing, compression ratio is (8-5): 1.
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| CN106478166B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2020-02-14 | 北京林业大学 | Treatment method for promoting decomposition of intermediate cutting residues |
| CN109463256A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-15 | 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | A kind of dedicated seedling composite substrate of watermelon |
| CN110036876B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-11-16 | 武汉市安友科技有限公司 | Solid substrate for growing three-dimensional greening plants and preparation method thereof |
| CN110036875A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-23 | 武汉市安友科技有限公司 | Plant growth solid state substrate |
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| CN103483019A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2014-01-01 | 周金星 | Biological active fertilizer taking branch and fallen leaf of poplar as raw materials and application method thereof |
| CN103601598A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-02-26 | 王石麟 | Production method of vegetable strong seedling matrix |
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| EP1908741A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-09 | Weingut Schloss Proschwitz Prinz zur Lippe | Culture media made of organic, fibrous material |
| CN101041604A (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2007-09-26 | 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 | Melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance |
| WO2013062502A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | Gavrilov Valeriy Aleksandrovych | Substrate for growing plants |
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