CN103860179A - Magnetic resonance imaging device - Google Patents
Magnetic resonance imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103860179A CN103860179A CN201410117352.5A CN201410117352A CN103860179A CN 103860179 A CN103860179 A CN 103860179A CN 201410117352 A CN201410117352 A CN 201410117352A CN 103860179 A CN103860179 A CN 103860179A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic resonance imaging device. The magnetic resonance imaging device is provided with a magnetism-compatible display screen. The display screen is suitable for the magnetic-field distribution of the magnetic resonance imaging device, influence on the magnetic-field distribution of the magnetic resonance imaging device is reduced, magnetic resonance imaging will not be affected, and therefore a good imaging effect can be achieved. Furthermore, by means of playing video information, the attention of a patient can be effectively shifted when the patient is under magnetic resonance check, the feared state of mind can be eliminated, and the comfortableness can be improved. Specific picture or video information played on the display screen can effectively stimulate the brain and facilitates human body brain function imaging research work. Because a sliding rail is arranged on the inner wall of a check region of the magnetic resonance imaging device, the position of the display screen can be adjusted according to the position of the patient, and the patient can more comfortably see the video information displayed on the display screen. Because a darkroom is arranged between optical fibers and a projection device, influence of outside parasitic light can be avoided, light dispersing is avoided, and video signal quality is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medical instruments, relate in particular to a kind of MR imaging apparatus.
Background technology
Conventionally, medical imaging apparatus is the device that is configured to provide by acquisition patient's information image.Medical imaging apparatus comprises x x-ray apparatus, diagnostic ultrasound equipment, computer laminated imaging device and MR imaging apparatus.In above-mentioned medical imaging apparatus, MR imaging apparatus provides the image with various diagnostic messages and strong contrast in the relative free condition that allows image taking, thereby in medical image diagnosis, occupies critical positions.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) refers to by using harmless magnetic field and producing nmr phenomena and obtain the image of nuclear density and plysiochemical feature as the radio frequency (RF) of Non-ionizing radiation in hydrogen nuclei.At length, thus MR imaging apparatus is to be configured to for by constant frequency and energy being offered to atomic nucleus applies stationary magnetic field to atomic nucleus and will being the image diagnosing system that signal is diagnosed inside of human body from the power conversion of atomic nucleus transmitting.Because the proton of constituting atom core is provided with anglec of rotation momentum and magnetic dipole, therefore, in the time that magnetic field is applied to proton, proton is arranged according to the direction in magnetic field, and atomic nucleus is carried out the precession (precession) for the direction in magnetic field.By such precession, can obtain by nmr phenomena the image of human body.
But in the time carrying out imaging by ASSET or PURE, preparing calibration data is necessary for proofreading and correct the view data gathering by actual scanning.Generally, when each imaging is carried out by ASSET or PURE, this calibration data can obtain by the calibration scan of carrying out for gathering calibration data.But the method is attended by such problem: when each imaging is undertaken by ASSET or PURE, operator must be provided for carrying out the condition of calibration scan, therefore operator is applied to burden.
MR imaging apparatus is a kind of conventional imaging device.In MR imaging apparatus, produce stable main field by magnet, and produce gradient magnetic by gradient coil.For imaging, the radio system emitting radio frequency signal of MR imaging apparatus, and the magnetic resonance signal that is excited of receiving check object, then rebuild and produce magnetic resonance image (MRI) according to these magnetic resonance signals.
The electronic displays that traditional magnetic resonance device adopts is very large on the Distribution of Magnetic Field impact of magnetic resonance device, causes imaging effect poor, and the environment noise severe jamming that produces in the time of scanning of device nurse or patient's sound.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of MR imaging apparatus, when being intended to solve each imaging that existing technology exists and being undertaken by ASSET or PURE, operator must be provided for carrying out the condition of calibration scan, therefore operator is applied to burden and Distribution of Magnetic Field affect the quality of magnetic resonance image (MRI), the environment noise severe jamming of device generation in the time scanning the problem of nurse or patient's sound.
The embodiment of the present invention is to realize like this, a kind of MR imaging apparatus, this MR imaging apparatus comprises: MR imaging apparatus main body and external auxiliary device, described MR imaging apparatus main body indent forms inspection area, be arranged at the magnet assembly of described inspection area, the display screen with magnetic compatibility is set in MR imaging apparatus.
Further, described magnet assembly comprise form static magnetic field main magnet, in static magnetic field, form gradient gradient coil assembly, apply radio-frequency pulse to encourage nuclear transmission coil block and to receive the signal receiver of magnetic induction signal from atomic nucleus, described display screen is optical fibre display screen.
Further, described inspection area inwall is provided with slide rail, and described display screen is slidably arranged on described slide rail.
Further, described external auxiliary device comprises the optical fiber being connected with described display screen, the projection arrangement being connected with described optical fiber, the control device being connected with described projection arrangement; Described control device produces optical signal by projection arrangement, and by extremely described display screen of fiber optic conduction, between described optical fiber and described projection arrangement, is provided with darkroom.
Further, described external auxiliary device also comprises PC, and described PC is connected with described control device, for transmitting in real time magnetic resonance image (MRI); Described projection arrangement and control device are arranged on the outside of MR imaging apparatus main body.
Further, this MR imaging apparatus also includes:
Control bench board, static field controller, gradient controller, RF transmitter, sequencer, RF receptor, input equipment, display device, CPU, DBM;
The high order end that control bench board is arranged on MR imaging apparatus is connected with static field controller;
Static field controller is connected with gradient controller and RF transmitter respectively;
DBM is connected with CPU, and central processing unit connects respectively at input equipment, display device, sequencer, RF receptor;
Sequencer is connected with RF transmitter respectively at gradient controller;
Further, RF receptor comprises: for receive from object produce magnetic resonance signal RF receiving coil, amplify from the RF amplifier of RF receiving coil receiving magnetic resonance signals and for produce the electric energy generator of electric energy by receiving the RF pulse that sends coil block output from the RF of magnet assembly;
Electric energy generator is configured to electric energy to be supplied to RF amplifier, electric energy generator comprises: by receive the RF pulse that sends coil block output from RF produce getting of electric energy can coil, storage treating the preponderant disease instead of the secondary disease energy coil produces the energy storage of electric energy and adjusting and is stored in the electric energy that the electric energy in energy storage supplies with and supplies with adjustment member.
Further, RF receptor also comprises: to the spectrometer of the magnetic resonance signal combine digital signal processing amplifying;
Spectrometer comprises: the magnetic resonance signal of amplification is converted to the analog-digital converter of digital signal and by demodulation, digital signal is converted to the processor of baseband signal;
Processor regulates the electric energy supply to RF amplifier by controlling electric energy generator, supply with the time of the electric energy supply of adjustment member for controlling the electric energy being arranged in electric energy generator, thereby in the time amplifying magnetic resonance signal by RF amplifier, electric energy is supplied to RF amplifier.
Further, this MR imaging apparatus also includes: transmit bed, guidance panel, magnetic resonance shell, display screen, the first mike, second microphone;
On magnetic resonance shell, be provided with guidance panel, the bottom in magnetic resonance device is provided with transmits bed, in the end of magnetic resonance enclosure, display screen is installed, and the first mike and second microphone are installed on magnetic resonance shell.
Further, the first mike is arranged on the end of magnetic resonance shell, and second microphone is arranged on the inside of magnetic resonance shell, the below of display screen;
MR imaging apparatus is also provided with a bandpass filtering unit being connected with second microphone with the first mike.
MR imaging apparatus provided by the invention, arranges the display screen with magnetic compatibility, adapts to the Distribution of Magnetic Field of magnetic resonance equipment, reduces the Distribution of Magnetic Field impact on magnetic resonance equipment, and can not impact nuclear magnetic resonance, reaches the advantage of imaging effect.In addition, by playing some video informations, can effectively shift the attention of patient in the time doing magnetic resonance examination, overcome the feared state of mind, improve comfort level.Moreover, on display screen, play specific picture or video information, can effectively stimulate brain, be conducive to the carrying out of human body cerebral function imaging research work.The inspection area inwall of magnetic resonance equipment arranges slide rail, can according to patient's position, adjust the position of display screen, the video information that makes more comfortable the seeing of patient have display screen to play.Between optical fiber and projection arrangement, be provided with darkroom, can prevent the impact of extraneous veiling glare, avoid light to disperse, guarantee the quality of video signal.
The display screen that the present invention arranges can display video or check result, and bandpass filtering unit can carry out noise treatment to the first mike and second microphone, the communication so that doctor and patient can remain valid.In addition, the present invention is also provided with RF receptor, RF receptor has electric energy generator, the RF pulse that electric energy generator is configured to by be applied to object from RF transmission coil block produces and will be fed into the electric energy of RF receptor, MR imaging apparatus comprises RF receptor, RF receptor is provided with RF and sends coil block and electric energy generator, RF sends coil block and is configured to RF pulse to be applied to object with excitation atomic nucleus, electric energy generator is configured to produce electric energy by receiving the RF pulse being applied by RF transmission coil block, can be easy to according to the signal intensity of each magnetic resonance signal over time and flow velocity judge over time the position of each blood vessel, and easy to operate, efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the MR imaging apparatus that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: 1, control bench board; 2, static field controller; 3, gradient controller; 4, RF transmitter; 5, sequencer; 6, RF receptor; 7, input equipment; 8, display device; 9, CPU; 10, DBM;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention transmission bed, guidance panel and the magnetic resonance shell that provide;
In figure: 11, transmit bed; 12, guidance panel; 13, magnetic resonance shell; 14, display screen; 15, the first mike; 16, second microphone;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention MR imaging apparatus main body, magnet assembly and the transfer station that provide;
In figure: 17, MR imaging apparatus main body; 18, magnet assembly; 19, transfer station; 20, display screen; 21, slide rail;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the external auxiliary device that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: 22-1, optical fiber; 22-2, projection arrangement; 22-3, control device; 22-4, darkroom; 22-5, PC; 22, external auxiliary device.
The specific embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the MR imaging apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the structure of this device mainly by: control bench board 1, static field controller 2, gradient controller 3, RF transmitter 4, sequencer 5, RF receptor 6, input equipment 7, display device 8, CPU 9, DBM 10 and form;
The high order end that control bench board 1 is arranged on device is connected with static field controller 2;
DBM 10 is connected with CPU 9, and CPU 9 is connected respectively at input equipment 7, display device 8, sequencer 5, RF receptor 6;
Processor is configured to regulate the electric energy supply to RF amplifier by controlling electric energy generator; CPU is configured to control the electric energy being arranged in electric energy generator and supplies with the time that the electric energy of adjustment member is supplied with, thereby in the time amplifying magnetic resonance signal by RF amplifier, electric energy is supplied to RF amplifier.
Further, RF receptor 6 is configured to receive the magnetic resonance signal producing from object, and RF receptor is provided with the electric energy generator that is configured to produce by receiving the RF pulse of exporting from RF transmission coil block electric energy; Electric energy generator comprises: get energy coil, be configured to produce electric energy by receiving from the RF pulse of RF transmission coil block output; Energy storage, is configured to storage by the electric energy of getting the generation of energy coil; And electric energy supply adjustment member, be configured to regulate the supply that is stored in the electric energy in energy storage.
The present invention can be easy to according to the signal intensity of each magnetic resonance signal over time and flow velocity judge over time the position of each blood vessel, and easy to operate, efficiency is high.
Fig. 2 shows the structure of MR imaging apparatus of the present invention, as shown in the figure, the present invention is achieved in that a kind of MR imaging apparatus comprises transmission bed 11, guidance panel 12, magnetic resonance shell 13, display screen 14, the first mike 15, second microphone 16; On magnetic resonance shell 13, be provided with guidance panel 12, the bottom in magnetic resonance device is provided with transmits bed 11, in the end of magnetic resonance shell 13 inside, display screen 14 is installed, and the first mike 15 and second microphone 16 are also installed on magnetic resonance shell 13.
In embodiments of the present invention, the first mike 15 is arranged on the end of magnetic resonance shell, and second microphone 16 is arranged on the inside of magnetic resonance shell 13, the below of display screen 14; MR imaging apparatus is also provided with a bandpass filtering unit being connected with second microphone 16 with the first mike 15.
MR imaging apparatus of the present invention, display screen can display video or check result, and bandpass filtering unit can carry out noise treatment to the first mike and second microphone, the communication so that doctor and patient can remain valid.
As shown in Figure 3, embodiments of the invention also comprise: in MR imaging apparatus main body 17, be provided with magnet assembly 18, indent forms inspection area, patient sends into inspection area by transfer station 19, be provided with the display screen 20 of magnetic compatibility at the inwall of inspection area, in MR imaging apparatus, less to the distribution influence in magnetic field.The display screen 20 of magnetic compatibility can be play by picture, the video etc. certainly stored.Particularly, display screen 20 is the display screen 20 that optical fibre display screen or electro-chromic material are made, and is arranged on the top of inspection area.So, the patient who checks in inspection area just can be narrowless because of inspection area, sealing and cause patient's discomfort.
Be provided with slide rail 21 at the inwall of inspection area, display screen 20 is arranged on slide rail 21, and can slide along slide rail 21.Adjust the position of display screen 20, reach the viewing position of patient's the best, improve comfort level.As shown in Figure 2, magnet assembly 2 comprises main magnet 21, gradient coil assembly 22, sends coil block 23 and signal receiver 24.Main magnet 21 can be set to have around the form of the coil of the surrounding of chamber parts, and in the time that electric current is applied to main magnet 21, constant static magnetic field is formed on magnet assembly 2 inside,, be formed on cavity segment, the direction of static magnetic field is parallel with the coaxial direction of magnet assembly 2 generally.
In the time that static magnetic field is formed on cavity segment, the atom of object (, the core of hydrogen atom) is arranged according to the direction of static magnetic field, and carries out around the precession of the direction of static magnetic field.Nuclear precessional evlocity can be represented as precession frequency, and such frequency is called as Larmor (Larmor) frequency, and described Larmor frequency can be represented as following equation 1:
[equation 1]
ω=γB0
Here, ω represents Larmor frequency, and γ represents proportionality constant, and B0 represents the intensity of external magnetic field.Proportionality constant changes according to nuclear type, and the volume unit of external magnetic field is the T of tesla or Gauss G, and the unit of precession frequency is Hz.
For example, while being 1T in external magnetic field, hydrogen proton is provided the precession frequency of about 42.58MHz, and the element that accounts for maximum ratio in all elements due to human body is hydrogen, therefore MRI is by obtaining magnetic resonance signal with the precession of hydrogen proton.Gradient coil assembly 22 produces gradient by the static magnetic field forming at cavity segment and forms gradient magnetic.
As shown in Figure 4, the external auxiliary device 22 being connected with display screen 20, magnetic resonance device also comprises the optical fiber 22-1 being connected with display screen 20, the projection arrangement 22-2 being connected with optical fiber 22-1, the control device 22-3 being connected with projection arrangement 22-2.
Control device 22-3, for providing the data signal such as picture, video; And send control signal, adjust the position of controlled device.Particularly, control device 22-3 is equipped with the playout software such as picture, video, and controls software.Because the signal of telecommunication when data signal that control device 22-3 provides, therefore to be arranged on the region away from magnetic resonance device.
Projection arrangement 22-2, goes out optical signal for the data signal such as picture, the video projection providing according to control device 22-3; The control signal that can send according to control device 22-3, focal length and the position of adjusting projection arrangement 22-2, reach best drop shadow effect simultaneously.Projection arrangement 22-2 is that electronics product does not possess magnetic compatibility, therefore will be arranged on the region away from magnetic resonance device.
Optical fiber 22-1, for receiving the optical signal from projection arrangement 22-2, and transmits this optical signal.Particularly, optical fiber 22-1 receiving optical signals.Optical fiber 22-1 is mainly made up of glass fibre, has magnetic compatibility, can be arranged on the region of magnetic resonance device.Display screen 20, the optical signal that can transmit according to optical fiber 22-1, and playing pictures, sound and video.Control device 22-3 produces optical signal by projection arrangement 22-2, and conducts to display screen 20 by optical fiber 22-1, shows colourful picture, video, and then reduces patient's sense of discomfort.
External auxiliary device is also included between optical fiber 22-1 and projection arrangement 22-2 and is provided with darkroom 22-4, can avoid extraneous stray light to affect the optical signal of projection arrangement 22-2.
External auxiliary device also comprises PC 22-5, and PC 22-5 is connected with control device 22-3, transmits in real time magnetic resonance image (MRI), makes patient can synchronously watch the magnetic resonance image (MRI) of oneself.
The display screen 20 of magnetic compatibility is set by the inspection area inwall at magnetic resonance device, reduces the Distribution of Magnetic Field impact on magnetic resonance device, thereby improve the effect of nuclear magnetic resonance.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a MR imaging apparatus, it is characterized in that, this MR imaging apparatus comprises: MR imaging apparatus main body and external auxiliary device, MR imaging apparatus main body indent forms inspection area, be arranged at the magnet assembly of inspection area, the display screen with magnetic compatibility is set in MR imaging apparatus.
2. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, magnet assembly comprise form static magnetic field main magnet, in static magnetic field, form gradient gradient coil assembly, apply radio-frequency pulse to encourage nuclear transmission coil block and to receive the signal receiver of magnetic induction signal from atomic nucleus, display screen is optical fibre display screen.
3. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, inspection area inwall is provided with slide rail, and display screen is slidably arranged on slide rail.
4. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, external auxiliary device comprises the optical fiber being connected with display screen, the projection arrangement being connected with optical fiber, the control device being connected with projection arrangement; Control device produces optical signal by projection arrangement, and by fiber optic conduction to display screen, between optical fiber and projection arrangement, be provided with darkroom.
5. as the MR imaging apparatus of claim 1 or 4, external auxiliary device also comprises PC, and PC is connected with control device, for transmitting in real time magnetic resonance image (MRI); Projection arrangement and control device are arranged on the outside of MR imaging apparatus main body.
6. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this MR imaging apparatus also includes:
Control bench board, static field controller, gradient controller, RF transmitter, sequencer, RF receptor, input equipment, display device, CPU, DBM;
The high order end that control bench board is arranged on MR imaging apparatus is connected with static field controller;
Static field controller is connected with gradient controller and RF transmitter respectively;
DBM is connected with CPU, and central processing unit connects respectively at input equipment, display device, sequencer, RF receptor;
Sequencer is connected with RF transmitter respectively at gradient controller.
7. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, RF receptor comprises: for receive from object produce magnetic resonance signal RF receiving coil, amplify from the RF amplifier of RF receiving coil receiving magnetic resonance signals and for produce the electric energy generator of electric energy by receiving the RF pulse that sends coil block output from the RF of magnet assembly;
Electric energy generator is configured to electric energy to be supplied to RF amplifier, electric energy generator comprises: by receive the RF pulse that sends coil block output from RF produce getting of electric energy can coil, storage treating the preponderant disease instead of the secondary disease energy coil produces the energy storage of electric energy and adjusting and is stored in the electric energy that the electric energy in energy storage supplies with and supplies with adjustment member.
8. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, RF receptor also comprises: to the spectrometer of the magnetic resonance signal combine digital signal processing amplifying;
Spectrometer comprises: the magnetic resonance signal of amplification is converted to the analog-digital converter of digital signal and by demodulation, digital signal is converted to the processor of baseband signal;
Processor regulates the electric energy supply to RF amplifier by controlling electric energy generator, supply with the time of the electric energy supply of adjustment member for controlling the electric energy being arranged in electric energy generator, thereby in the time amplifying magnetic resonance signal by RF amplifier, electric energy is supplied to RF amplifier.
9. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this MR imaging apparatus also includes: transmit bed, guidance panel, magnetic resonance shell, display screen, the first mike, second microphone;
On magnetic resonance shell, be provided with guidance panel, the bottom in magnetic resonance device is provided with transmits bed, in the end of magnetic resonance enclosure, display screen is installed, and the first mike and second microphone are installed on magnetic resonance shell.
10. MR imaging apparatus as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, the first mike is arranged on the end of magnetic resonance shell, and second microphone is arranged on the inside of magnetic resonance shell, the below of display screen;
MR imaging apparatus is also provided with a bandpass filtering unit being connected with second microphone with the first mike.
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| CN201410117352.5A CN103860179A (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Magnetic resonance imaging device |
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| CN201410117352.5A CN103860179A (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Magnetic resonance imaging device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3719519A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-07 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Two-dimensional display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| CN112998685A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2021-06-22 | 脑科技医疗系统股份有限公司 | Detection and analysis of spatially varying fluid levels using magnetic signals |
| US11571174B2 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2023-02-07 | Innovere Medical Inc. | Systems and methods for displaying images to patient residing on movable table during medical imaging or therapeutic procedures |
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| CN201920723U (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2011-08-10 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Magnetic resonance equipment |
| CN102375130A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-14 | 西门子(深圳)磁共振有限公司 | Magnetic resonance imaging equipment |
| CN103239229A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | 三星电子株式会社 | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
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| CN102375130A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-14 | 西门子(深圳)磁共振有限公司 | Magnetic resonance imaging equipment |
| CN201920723U (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2011-08-10 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Magnetic resonance equipment |
| CN103239229A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | 三星电子株式会社 | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112998685A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2021-06-22 | 脑科技医疗系统股份有限公司 | Detection and analysis of spatially varying fluid levels using magnetic signals |
| US11571174B2 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2023-02-07 | Innovere Medical Inc. | Systems and methods for displaying images to patient residing on movable table during medical imaging or therapeutic procedures |
| EP3719519A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-07 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Two-dimensional display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| WO2020201154A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-08 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Two-dimensional display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| CN113678012A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-11-19 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Two-dimensional display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| JP2022526796A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2022-05-26 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 2D display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| JP7418466B2 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2024-01-19 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 2D display for magnetic resonance imaging |
| CN113678012B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2024-03-15 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Two-dimensional display for magnetic resonance imaging |
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